2015年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2015年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2015 年 · 12月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2015年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Some unusual weather from around the world. Starting in the US state Washington, more than 63 centimeters of snow fell in just two days in some areas. The first big storm of the winter blanketed the Lake Tahoe area of Nevada with snow that had caused travel chaos for Christmas travelers. Meanwhile in Moscow, snow completely disappeared from the city's streets as warm air moved into the European part of Russia. An abnormally warm winter has brought flowers into bloom. Several types of plants that usually wake up in the spring have already bloomed, while hazardous smoke choked Beijing on Friday with pollution levels exceeding the index. Neighbouring cities were also hit by heavy air pollution. Weather forecasts say the pollution should ease from Saturday afternoon when as hoped a cold front in Beijing will disperse the smog. moved into the European part of Russia.

1. What kind of unusual weather did Moscow experience this winter?
  1. A.An abnormal winter snow storm.
  2. B.The first warm front from Europe.
  3. C.The frequent choking smog.
  4. D.The unusual warm winter.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位Moscow → 听到'abnormally warm winter' → 同义替换为'unusual warm winter' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

2. When will Beijing's air pollution index begin to decrease?
  1. A.From Saturday afternoon.
  2. B.From this Friday.
  3. C.In the next spring.
  4. D.During the Christmas holiday.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Beijing pollution → 听到'pollution should ease from Saturday afternoon' → 同义替换为'decrease from Saturday afternoon' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

More than 100 million people in Nigeria are not connected to the Internet. There are only a few networks that offer service and it is costly and undependable. Now, a new project provides a resource for off-line viewing at no cost. A non-profit organization called the WiderNet Project has developed the offline eGranary Digital Library. The service puts millions of digital documents, multimedia work and websites onto a server. The information is then available to students, medical workers, and researchers at no cost, whether there is Internet or not. Users can access informative websites that eGranary updates every day such as Wikipedia, Khan Academy, Project Gutenberg, MIT OpenCourseWare, and MIT BLOSSOMS (which is Math and Science video lessons for high school students). Other resources on the service include university and medical publications computer software, and educational games. Ahmadu Bello University is the largest university in Nigeria and the second largest in Africa. The university uses eGranary's digital educational resources. Kasa Mathias is head of the school's database department. He says students can access tens of thousands of educational materials without much problem.

3. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.The project of free digital off-line resources in Nigeria.
  2. B.The project of free video lessons in Nigeria.
  3. C.The digital library in Ahmadu Bello University.
  4. D.The non-profit organizations in Ahmadu Bello University.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：通篇把握 → 核心信息为'new project provides a resource for off-line viewing at no cost' → 概括为'尼日利亚免费数字离线资源项目' → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括信息整合

4. What kind of resources are updated daily at eGranary?
  1. A.Multimedia work.
  2. B.Digital documents.
  3. C.Informative websites.
  4. D.Computer software.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位eGranary updates every day → 听到'informative websites' → 同义替换为'Informative websites' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Google's self-driving car hit a small bump in the road. The driverless car had an accident February 14th in California. The accident was reported to the Department of Motor Vehicles in California on February 23rd. According to WIRED, a technology publication, the car changed traffic lanes and moved into the path of a bus. The driverless car was a Lexus SUV. When it hit the bus, the Google car was moving at around 3 kilometers per hour. The speed of the bus was 24 kilometers per hour at the time of the collision. No injuries were reported. The left front wheel and fender of the Google car were damaged. In a May 2015 monthly report Google said: "We'll inevitably be involved in accidents; sometimes it's impossible to overcome the realities of speed and distance. In the six years of our project, we've been involved in 12 minor accidents during more than 1.8 million miles of autonomous and manual driving combined." Google has predicted the cars will be ready for the road by 2020. the path of a bus. It was overspeed.

5. What happened to Google's self-driving car?
  1. A.It hit another car.
  2. B.It was overspeed.
  3. C.It hit a driving bus in the road.
  4. D.It hit a Lexus SUV.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Google's self-driving car → 听到'moved into the path of a bus' → 同义替换为'hit a driving bus in the road' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

6. How fast was the bus when the accident happened?
  1. A.3 kilometers per hour.
  2. B.6 kilometers per hour.
  3. C.24 kilometers per hour.
  4. D.180 kilometers per hour.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位问题核心（bus speed）→ 在语篇中定位数字信息（24 kilometers per hour）→ 区分Google车速（3 km/h）与公交车速 → 得出答案

考点：数字信息定位主体区分

译文：题干：事故发生时公交车的速度是多少？正确项：24公里每小时。

7. What is inevitable to self-driving cars according to Google's report?
  1. A.Realities of speed and distance.
  2. B.Accidents in the road.
  3. C.Wheel and fender damage.
  4. D.Driving buses in the road. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位问题核心（inevitable）→ 在语篇中定位Google报告原句（We'll inevitably be involved in accidents）→ 理解inevitably修饰的宾语（accidents）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代与修饰关系

译文：题干：根据谷歌的报告，自动驾驶汽车不可避免的是什么？正确项：道路上的事故。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Asen Employment Agency. Good morning!

8. How did the woman get to know about the man's company?
  1. A.From some of her friends.
  2. B.From the wanted column.
  3. C.From a telephone directory.
  4. D.From a telephone directory.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位问题核心（how get to know）→ 在对话中定位女士解释原因（you've managed to get jobs for some of my friends）→ 理解指代关系（some of my friends）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代关系

译文：题干：女士是如何了解到男士的公司的？正确项：通过她的一些朋友。

9. What formal education did the woman receive?
  1. A.She finished her secondary school.
  2. B.She studied in a vocational college.
  3. C.She graduated from an open university.
  4. D.She received full-time education abroad.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位问题核心（formal education）→ 在对话中定位女士的教育经历（I went to a secondary school... I left full-time education when I was 18）→ 排除非正式教育（evening classes）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息筛选

译文：题干：女士接受过什么正规教育？正确项：她完成了中学学业。

10. What do we learn about the woman's occupation?
  1. A.She teaches an evening class.
  2. B.She works as a tour guide.
  3. C.She is a policewoman.
  4. D.She is a shorthand-typist.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位问题核心（occupation）→ 在对话中定位女士当前工作（I've got a job as a shorthand-typist）→ 区分过去想法（policewoman）与未来愿望（travel agency）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位时态与状态区分

译文：题干：关于女士的职业，我们了解到什么？正确项：她是一名速记打字员。

11. What sort of job would the woman like to take now?
  1. A.A job in a travel agency.
  2. B.A job in the government.
  3. C.A job as a policewoman.
  4. D.A job as a teacher.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士当前工作状态与未来意愿 → 识别转折词 'but' 后表达的不满 → 捕捉 'I think I'd like to work in a travel agency' 的直接陈述 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位转折信号词捕捉意愿表达识别

译文：题干：这位女士现在想从事什么样的工作？正确项：在旅行社工作。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Steve, can you tell me how long you've been a pub owner?

12. What does the man say about his involvement with pubs?
  1. A.It was interrupted for four years.
  2. B.It has been off and on for ten years.
  3. C.It helps enlarge his customer network.
  4. D.It provides him with career opportunities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士关于酒吧经历的陈述 → 识别 'off and on for ten years' 的直接表达 → 区分 'four years'（当前酒吧）与 'ten years'（整体经历） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位时间信息辨析同义替换

译文：题干：男士如何描述他与酒吧的关联？正确项：断断续续已有十年。

13. What characterizes the old fashion pub according to the man?
  1. A.Traditional setting.
  2. B.Individualized service.
  3. C.Social games.
  4. D.Home-made beer.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士对 'old-fashioned pub' 的定义 → 识别 'That is a public bar with all the social games going with it' 的同位语解释 → 提取核心特征 'social games' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同位语解释识别核心信息提取

译文：题干：男士认为老式酒吧的特点是什么？正确项：社交游戏。

14. What does the man say is most important in making a good pub?
  1. A.The quality of beer.
  2. B.The owner's attitude.
  3. C.The atmosphere.
  4. D.The right location.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士关于好酒吧要素的列举 → 识别信号词 'most of all' 表示最高级强调 → 提取 'keeping a good attitude yourself' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信号词捕捉最高级强调识别

译文：题干：男士认为经营好酒吧最重要的是什么？正确项：老板的态度。

15. What does the woman think of running a country pub?
  1. A.It makes retirees feel useful.
  2. B.It helps old people kill time.
  3. C.It is a profitable business.
  4. D.It is a rather tough job. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士对经营乡村酒吧的评论 → 识别转折词 'But' 引出其真实观点 → 捕捉 'it's actually very hard work' 的直接评价 → 得出答案

考点：观点态度识别转折信号词捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：女士如何看待经营乡村酒吧？正确项：这是一份相当辛苦的工作。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

To help ourselves and others, it's important to know something about drugs. A drug is a chemical substance. It can bring about a physical, emotional or mental change in people. Alcohol and tobacco are drugs. Caffeine, a substance found in coffee and some soft drinks, is also a drug. Drug abuse is the use of a drug legal or illegal that hurts a person or someone close to him. A drug user is the person who takes the drug. There are many kinds of drug users. Experimental users may try drugs once or twice. They want to see what the effects will be. Recreational users take drugs to get high. They use drugs with friends or at parties to get into the mood of things. Regular users take drugs all the time. But they are often able to keep up with the normal routine of work. Dependent users can't relate to anything but drugs. Their whole life centers around drugs. They feel extreme mental or physical pain without drugs. It's not always easy to tell if someone is using drugs. In the early stages, drug use is often hard to see. Sometimes people like drugs or need drugs so much that they can't do without them. They are dependent upon drugs. Only a few kinds of drugs can cause physical dependence. But almost any drug, when it's misused, can make a person think he needs it all the time. By this time it's too late and the person is "hooked".

16. What does the speaker say about drug abuse?
  1. A.It helps the user to escape reality.
  2. B.It is becoming increasingly popular.
  3. C.It hurts a person and those around them.
  4. D.It gives rise to serious social instability.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位定义句 → 识别同义替换（close to him = around them） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：说话者对药物滥用有何说法？正确项：它伤害使用者及其周围的人。

17. What does the speaker say about recreational drug users?
  1. A.They take drugs to get high.
  2. B.They use drugs just for fun.
  3. C.They use drugs as medicine.
  4. D.They keep drug use a secret.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位描述 recreational users 的句子 → 识别同义替换（get high） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：说话者对消遣性药物使用者有何说法？正确项：他们吸毒是为了获得快感。

18. What does the speaker say about drug dependence?
  1. A.It is fatal to the user.
  2. B.It is hard to get rid of.
  3. C.It is the cause of various social problems.
  4. D.It is quite common in entertainment circles.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位描述 dependent users 和依赖性的句子 → 识别同义替换（can't do without them = hard to get rid of） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：说话者对药物依赖有何说法？正确项：它很难摆脱。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 22（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

According to Charles Harper, Chairman of ConAgra, the Healthy Choice line of frozen dinners began with his own heart attack. It had been brought on by years of eating anything he could get his hands on. As he lay in the hospital recovering, Harper imagined the line of healthy frozen foods—the tasty good. The Healthy Choice product line was carefully tested with consumers before being introduced to the general public. ConAgra's research and development staff spent a year working under the instruction, whatever the cost, don't sacrifice taste. The first test market results surprised even the ConAgra team. The low sodium, low fat frozen dinners sold much better than expected. According to the firm's vice- president of marketing and sales, "We benefited from low expectations. The products were much better than people thought they would be." This finding supported ConAgra's decision to position the product against other high-quality frozen dinners rather than as a diet or health food. The new product brand's name and packaging were an important part of the development process. The name "Healthy Choice" was chosen for the positive implication it held for consumers. Because ConAgra felt the product would be an impulse purchase, it was important to make the item stand out in the freezer case. This was accomplished through the dark green packaging that not only differed from the competitors but also suggested freshness and richness in vitamins. tasty good.

19. What did Charles Harper think of while he was in hospital?
  1. A.Taking up exercises after recovery.
  2. B.Finding new ways to cure heart disease.
  3. C.Going on a diet upon leaving the hospital.
  4. D.Producing tasty healthy frozen food.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位 Harper 在医院时的描述 → 识别同义替换（imagined the line of healthy frozen foods = producing tasty healthy frozen food） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：Charles Harper 在住院期间想到了什么？正确项：生产美味健康的冷冻食品。

20. What does the passage say about the "Healthy Choice" product line before it went to market?
  1. A.It was carefully tested with consumers.
  2. B.It was disapproved by many diet experts.
  3. C.It was promoted by health organizations.
  4. D.It was highly expected by the general public.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位产品上市前的描述 → 识别同义替换（carefully tested with consumers） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：文章对“健康选择”产品线上市前有何描述？正确项：它经过了消费者的仔细测试。

21. What is said to contribute to ConAgra's business success?
  1. A.Competitive price.
  2. B.Vigorous promotion.
  3. C.Low expectations.
  4. D.Unique ingredients.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位公司副总裁发言 → 提取 'benefited from low expectations' → 同义替换为 'Low expectations'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：据称是什么促成了康尼格拉公司的商业成功？正确项：低期望。

22. What does the speaker say about the name "Healthy Choice"?
  1. A.It has a positive implication for consumers.
  2. B.It tricks the elders into impulse purchasing.
  3. C.It matches the food's dark green packaging.
  4. D.It was suggested by the firm's vice-president.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位品牌名称讨论段落 → 提取 'chosen for the positive implication' → 同义替换为 'has a positive implication'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者对'健康选择'这个名称有何评价？正确项：它对消费者有积极的含义。

听力原文 · Questions 23 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In the United States, 36 states currently allow capital punishment for serious crimes such as murder. Americans have always argued about the death penalty. Today, there is a serious question about this issue: Should there be a minimum age limit for executing criminals? In other words, is it right for convicted murderers who kill when they are minors, that is under the age of 18, to receive the death penalty? In most other countries of the world, there is no capital punishment for minors. In the United States, though, each state makes its own decision. Of the 36 states that allow the death penalty, 30 permit the execution of minors. In the state of South Carolina, a convicted murderer was given the death penalty for a crime he committed while he was a minor. In 1977, when he was 17 years old, James Terry Roach and two friends cruelly murdered three people. Roach's lawyer fought the decision to execute him. The young murderer remained on death row for ten years while his lawyer appealed to the governor. The lawyer argued that it is wrong to execute a person for a crime he committed while he was a minor. In the United States, the governor of a state has the power to change a sentence from the death penalty to life in prison. Nonetheless, the governor of South Carolina refused to stop the execution. Roach was finally executed in 1986. as murder. It has to be approved by the Supreme Court.

23. What does the speaker say about the death penalty in the United States?
  1. A.It will be abolished sooner or later.
  2. B.It is practiced in most of the states.
  3. C.It has to be approved by the Supreme Court.
  4. D.It has drawn a lot of criticism from overseas.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位死刑现状描述 → 提取 '36 states currently allow' → 推理 '36/50' 属于大多数州 → 同义替换为 'practiced in most of the states'

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：说话者对美国死刑有何说法？正确项：它在大多数州实行。

24. What is the focus of the debate around the death penalty?
  1. A.What effect it might have on youngsters.
  2. B.What type of criminals should receive it.
  3. C.Whether there should be a minimum age limit for execution.
  4. D.Whether the practice should be allowed to continue in future.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位争论焦点提问句 → 提取 'Should there be a minimum age limit' → 同义替换为 'Whether there should be a minimum age limit'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于死刑的争论焦点是什么？正确项：是否应该设定最低执行年龄。

25. What does the speaker say about James Terry Roach?
  1. A.The court sentenced him to life in prison for killing two friends.
  2. B.The governor changed his death sentence to life in prison.
  3. C.He was the first minor to be executed in South Carolina.
  4. D.He was sentenced to death for a crime he committed as a minor.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位James Terry Roach案例 → 提取 'given the death penalty for a crime he committed while he was a minor' → 同义替换为 'sentenced to death for a crime he committed as a minor'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者对詹姆斯·特里·罗奇有何说法？正确项：他因未成年时犯下的罪行被判处死刑。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Question [26] to [35] are based on the following passage. Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it's out of mind. If you cover a baby's [26] toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old may [27] that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the [28] of juice. Yet children are smart in their own way. Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child- sized [29] about how things work. When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, "That's enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!" The child will [30] test your claim. Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you [31] ; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those [32] are important and sometimes they are not. How and why does children's thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children's cognitive abilities unfold [33] , like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what else is [34] in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusions have been [35] or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.

A. advocateB. amountC. confirmedD. crazyE. definiteF. differencesG. favoriteH. happeningI. immediatelyJ. naturallyK. ObtainingL. PrimarilyM. protestN. rejectedO. theories

参考答案与解析

答案：26-G　27-M　28-B　29-O　30-I　31-D　32-F　33-J　34-H　35-N

解析：26 空 根据语境‘cover...with a piece of cloth’和‘stops looking for it’推断，此处需一个表示‘喜爱’或‘常用’的形容词修饰‘toy’，且能与‘take on’搭配表示‘呈现’或‘具有’的语义。
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（儿童认为果汁量不同，但实际只是杯子形状不同）→ 结合上下文逻辑（儿童的认知特点）→ 选择表示“认为、判断”的动词
28 空 根据前文‘shapes of the glasses that differ’的对比逻辑，定位到空格处需填入与‘形状’相对的‘量’的名词 → 语境选词与近义词辨析 → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（儿童像科学家一样测试自己的‘理论’） → 选择符合‘理论/假设’语境的名词
30 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（孩子测试父母的声明）→ 选择表示“反复/持续”动作的副词
31 空 定位空格所在句 → 识别固定搭配‘drive sb. + adj.’ → 结合上下文（孩子并非故意惹恼父母）选择正确形容词
32 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析代词‘those’指代（前文‘her desires and yours can differ’）→ 选择表示‘差异/分歧’的名词
33 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析比喻（like the blooming of a flower）→ 选择表示‘自然地/逐步地’展开的副词
34 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析逻辑（认知能力展开独立于生活中其他正在发生的事）→ 选择表示‘发生/进行’的动词
35 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑（Although引导让步转折） → 根据后文modified及语义（具体结论被...或修改）推断空格词义 → 从选项中选择与modified构成并列或递进关系的动词过去分词 → 确定N (noted) 符合语境

考点：语境选词动词搭配 take on近义词辨析固定搭配指代衔接比喻推理逻辑推理让步转折逻辑动词过去分词作表语语义并列/递进

译文：题干：如果你用一块布盖住宝宝的______玩具，宝宝会认为玩具消失了，不再寻找它。正确项：G. favorite (最喜欢的)

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

ALooking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn't. Her expectations were high—impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.
BWhen good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page: "Flawless". This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn't get very far. The first person I told was my mother.
CMy mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris( ) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions , structure, style and voice. But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.
DFirst off, it hurts. Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint on you as a person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally. I say that we should never listen to these people.
ECriticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer's block—I was not able to produce anything for three years.
FFranz Kafka once said: "Writing is utter solitude , the descent into the cold abyss( ) of oneself." My mother's criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find. But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude. I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. "It is a thing of no great difficulty," according to Plutarch, "to raise objections against another man's speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome." I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother's guidance, but I can't recall them. What I remember, however, is how she took up the "extremely troublesome" work of ongoing criticism.
GThere are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce "a better in its place." In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques . My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero's claim that one should "criticize by creation, not by finding fault." Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.
HMy mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself. For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any —the type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch. From scratch. Once the essay was "flawless," she would take an evening to walk me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.
IShe criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon( ). She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech. "Writers can't bluff their way through ignorance." That was news to me—I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.
JShe trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression. "John," she almost whispered. I leaned in to hear her: "I can't hear you when you shout at me." So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writing improved.
KSomewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed something important in my mother's lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish. Whitman repeatedly reworked "Song of Myself" between 1855 and 1891. repeatedly. We do our absolute best with a piece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal. And, for the time being, we settle. In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.
1. The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech. （I）
2. The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay. （C）
3. A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection. （K）
4. Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can't produce anything. （E）
5. The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as "flawless". （B）
6. Criticizing someone's speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one. （F）
7. The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor. （A）
8. The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person. （H）
9. The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language. （J）
10. Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing. （G）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-I　2-C　3-K　4-E　5-B　6-F　7-A　8-H　9-J　10-G

解析：36. 定位段落 [C] → 识别母亲用红笔指出文章缺陷的行为 → 匹配题干中‘被建议不要不当使用修辞手法’的含义
37. 定位段落 [C] → 识别母亲用红笔指出文章缺陷并教授了关于创造性批评的深刻道理 → 匹配题干中‘通过指出大量缺陷来教授宝贵一课’
38. 综合段落 [C] 和 [D] → 推断母亲的批评行为（指出缺陷）和作者对批评的反思（批评是个人化的、有益的） → 得出‘作家应反复修改文章以接近完美’的结论
39. 综合段落 [C] 和 [D] → 推断母亲的批评行为（指出缺陷）和作者对批评的反思（批评是个人化的、有益的） → 得出‘作家可能经历无法创作的时期’的结论
40. 定位段落 [B] → 识别作者对获得‘完美’评价的反应（‘only slightly taken aback’） → 匹配题干中‘没有太惊讶’
41. 定位题干核心观点（批评比创作容易） → 在语篇中寻找对应论述 → 匹配至段落F
42. 定位题干核心观点（母亲是最严格且关爱的老师） → 在语篇中寻找对应描述 → 匹配至段落A
43. 定位题干核心观点（母亲的批评改变了作者） → 在语篇中寻找对应论述 → 匹配至段落H
44. 定位题干核心观点（通过避免华丽语言改进写作） → 在语篇中寻找对应论述 → 匹配至段落J
45. 定位题干核心观点（建设性批评为作者改进写作提供良好开端） → 在语篇中寻找对应论述 → 匹配至段落G

考点：细节定位同义替换因果推理推理判断综合信息观点定位

译文：题干：作者被建议不要不当使用修辞手法。正确项 I：母亲用红笔指出了作者文章中的缺陷。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it? It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley? It's the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley. You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub : rich people and nerds . Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it has few nerds. It's not the kind of place nerds like. Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list? I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there're plenty of hackers who could start startups, there's no one to invest in them. Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds? No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.

46. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?
  1. A.Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.
  2. B.It is the biggest technology hub in the US.
  3. C.Its fame in high technology is incomparable.
  4. D.It leads the world in information technology.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首段核心论点 → 提炼‘难以复制’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：我们从文章中了解到关于硅谷的什么信息？正确项：它的成功很难在其他地方复制。

47. What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?
  1. A.Lack of incentive for investment.
  2. B.Lack of the right kind of talents.
  3. C.Lack of government support.
  4. D.Lack of famous universities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Miami例证 → 提取‘few nerds’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：是什么使得迈阿密不适合产生一个硅谷？正确项：缺乏合适类型的人才。

48. In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?
  1. A.Its location is not as attractive to rich people.
  2. B.Its science departments are not nearly as good.
  3. C.It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.
  4. D.It does not pay much attention to business startups.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Carnegie-Mellon与Pittsburgh的描述 → 提炼‘Rich people don't want to live’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：Carnegie-Mellon与Stanford、Berkeley和MIT有何不同？正确项：它的地理位置对富人吸引力不大。

49. What does the author imply about Boston?
  1. A.It has pleasant weather all year round.
  2. B.It produces wealth as well as high-tech.
  3. C.It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.
  4. D.It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位Boston的对比描述 → 提炼‘interesting old city’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：推理判断细节定位

译文：题干：作者暗示关于波士顿的什么信息？正确项：它是一座拥有许多历史遗迹的古老城市。

50. What does the author say about startup investors?
  1. A.They are especially wise in making investments.
  2. B.They have good connections in the government.
  3. C.They can do more than providing money.
  4. D.They are rich enough to invest in nerds.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Startup investors描述 → 提炼‘supply advice and connections as well as money’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者对创业投资者有何说法？正确项：他们能做的不仅仅是提供资金。

It's nice to have people of like mind around. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career. It's nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias( ). Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it's time to shake things up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: From confrontation comes brilliance. It's not easy for most people to actively seek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. There's no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking. You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots. Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better. Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal. Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated, the more they'll be willing to get into the ring next time.

51. What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?
  1. A.It will help your company expand more rapidly.
  2. B.It will create a harmonious working atmosphere.
  3. C.It may prevent your business and career from advancing.
  4. D.It may make you feel uncertain about your own decisions.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 → 定位语篇中‘comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career’ → 同义替换为‘prevent your business and career from advancing’

考点：细节定位与捕捉推理判断

译文：题干：当你周围一直有志同道合的人时会发生什么？正确项C：它可能会阻碍你的事业和职业发展。

52. What does the author suggest leaders do?
  1. A.Avoid arguments with business partners.
  2. B.Encourage people to disagree and argue.
  3. C.Build a wide and strong business network.
  4. D.Seek advice from their worthy competitors.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词‘leaders’ → 定位语篇中‘As a leader... create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue’ → 同义替换为‘Encourage people to disagree and argue’

考点：主旨大意细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：作者建议领导者做什么？正确项B：鼓励人们提出异议和争论。

53. What is the purpose of holding a debate?
  1. A.To find out the truth about an issue.
  2. B.To build up people's moral strength.
  3. C.To remove misunderstandings.
  4. D.To look for worthy opponents.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词‘purpose’ → 定位语篇中‘The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth’ → 同义替换为‘To find out the truth about an issue’

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：举行辩论的目的是什么？正确项A：找出关于某个问题的真相。

54. What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?
  1. A.They listen carefully to their opponents' views.
  2. B.They show due respect for each other's beliefs.
  3. C.They present their views clearly and explicitly.
  4. D.They take care not to hurt each other's feelings.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词‘advice’和‘fierce debate’ → 定位语篇中‘Fierce debating can hurt feelings... Make sure you check in with your opponents... Break the tension with smiles and humor’ → 同义替换为‘take care not to hurt each other's feelings’

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：作者对参与激烈辩论的人有什么建议？正确项D：注意不要伤害彼此的感情。

55. How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?
  1. A.Try to make peace with them.
  2. B.Try to make up the differences.
  3. C.Invite them to the ring next time.
  4. D.Acknowledge their contribution.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词‘treat our rivals’和‘after a successful debate’ → 定位语篇中‘Reward all those involved... Let your sparring partners know how much you appreciate their contribution’ → 同义替换为‘Acknowledge their contribution’

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：在成功的辩论后，我们应该如何对待对手？正确项D：认可他们的贡献。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The saying “Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission” reveals two truths: knowledge is built up little by little in ordinary days, yet its pursuit never ends throughout our lives. In my view, only by treating learning as a lifelong journey can we stay competent in a changing world. A vivid example is my uncle, a factory worker who lost his job when machines replaced manual labour. Instead of giving up, he studied programming every evening, and two years later he became a software tester. His story shows that those who keep learning can keep pace with the times, while those who stop are left behind. In an age when technology updates almost daily, continuous learning is no longer a choice but a necessity. Therefore, we should never regard graduation as the end of study. Learning, as the saying goes, is both a daily habit and a mission that lasts a lifetime. Only by embracing it every single day can we broaden our horizons and enrich our lives.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习,以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习,考得好,能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好,因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里,只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为, 如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就,父母就会受到尊敬。因此,他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣,为孩子提供更好的条件。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Chinese parents tend to pay so much attention to their children's study that they do not ask them to help with housework. Their primary requirement for their children is to study hard, do well in exams and get into a top university. They believe this is good for their children, because in such a competitive society as China, only good grades can guarantee a bright future. Chinese parents also believe that if their children can achieve great success in society, they themselves will be respected. Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbies and interests to provide better conditions for their children.

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