2018年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2018年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2018 年 · 12月·第3套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2018年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first-ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high-definition streaming of video and data between the moon and Earth. The network is part of Mission to the Moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the Moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G, rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon's surface.

1. What are scientists planning to do?
  1. A.Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.
  2. B.Design a new generation of mobile phones.
  3. C.Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.
  4. D.Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 mission 目标 → 识别 'deliver 4G mobile coverage' 与 'set up a mobile phone network' 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：科学家们计划做什么？正确项：在月球上建立一个移动电话网络。

2. Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission?
  1. A.It is stable.
  2. B.It is durable.
  3. C.It is inexpensive.
  4. D.It is sophisticated.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位选择 4G 的原因 → 识别 '5G may not yet be stable enough' → 反向推理 4G 的优势是稳定 → 得出答案

考点：因果推理反向推断

译文：题干：科学家们为什么在任务中选择建立 4G 网络？正确项：因为它稳定。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Hayward. The fire was reported at 9:26 p.m. at an old shopping centre on Mission Avenue near Saint Mary's church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out, but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn't start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002. In 2014, City Hall developed a plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing. However, the plan was dropped due to lack of funds. of any injuries.

3. What does the news item say about the fire?
  1. A.It lasted more than six hours.
  2. B.No injuries were yet reported.
  3. C.Nobody was in the building when it broke out.
  4. D.It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位火灾报道细节 → 识别 'no reports of any injuries' → 匹配选项 B 的过去完成时态 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位时态理解

译文：题干：这则新闻对火灾说了什么？正确项：尚未有伤亡报告。

4. What had City Hall planned to do?
  1. A.Recruit and train more firefighters.
  2. B.Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
  3. C.Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.
  4. D.Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 City Hall 的计划 → 识别 'knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing' → 匹配 'pull down' 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：市政厅曾计划做什么？正确项：拆除这座废弃的购物中心。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price. This is after the country's main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods in its main potato-growing region last year caused the worst harvest in more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-Ya are halting almost 50 products. "We don't know when we'll be able to restart," a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying, and many supermarket shelves are bare. Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese-made products. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports. But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often. main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage.

5. What problem is Japan facing?
  1. A.Shrinking potato farming.
  2. B.Heavy reliance on import.
  3. C.Widespread plant disease.
  4. D.Insufficient potato supply.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位问题核心 → 识别 'potato shortage' 与 'worst harvest' → 匹配 'insufficient supply' 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位近义辨析

译文：题干：日本面临什么问题？正确项：土豆供应不足。

6. Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes?
  1. A.It intends to keep its traditional diet.
  2. B.It wants to expand its own farming.
  3. C.It is afraid of the spread of disease.
  4. D.It is worried about unfair competition.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'limit the import' → 听到 'Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports' → 同义替换 'afraid of the spread of disease' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：日本为什么限制土豆进口？正确项：它害怕疾病的传播。

7. What might affect Japanese domestic produce?
  1. A.Global warming.
  2. B.Ever-rising prices.
  3. C.Government regulation.
  4. D.Diminishing investment. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'affect Japanese domestic produce' → 听到 'global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected' → 直接对应 'Global warming' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原词复现

译文：题干：什么可能影响日本的国内农产品？正确项：全球变暖。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Mr. Brown's lectures are so boring. W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker. But the subject is interesting. M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I really try, but after about ten minutes, my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour? W: Well, what I do is keep my pen moving. M: What do you mean? W: It's a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on a keyboard. You see, writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you are learning in a more physical way. M: Do you review your notes afterwards then? W: Sometimes, but that's not important. My notes may or may not be useful. But the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brown says, I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too. M: You draw in class? And that helps you pay attention? W: Yes, honestly, it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again, the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. If I'm at home and I need to study, what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.

8. What does the man think of Mr. Brown's lectures?
  1. A.Informative.
  2. B.Inspiring.
  3. C.Dull.
  4. D.Shallow.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士对讲座的评价 → 听到 'Mr. Brown's lectures are so boring' → 同义替换 'Dull' → 得出答案

考点：观点态度同义替换

译文：题干：男士认为布朗先生的讲座怎么样？正确项：枯燥的。

9. What does the woman do during Mr. Brown's lectures?
  1. A.She types on a keyboard.
  2. B.She does recording.
  3. C.She takes photos.
  4. D.She takes notes.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'woman do during lectures' → 听到 'what I do is keep my pen moving' 及 'write things down' → 同义替换 'takes notes' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士在布朗先生的讲座期间做什么？正确项：她做笔记。

10. Why does the woman draw in class?
  1. A.It keeps her mind active.
  2. B.It makes her stay awake.
  3. C.It enables her to think hard.
  4. D.It helps her kill time.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'why draw in class' → 听到 'It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate' → 同义替换 'keeps her mind active' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士为什么在课堂上画画？正确项：它让她保持思维活跃。

11. What does the woman say about reading out loud?
  1. A.It enables her to improve her pronunciation.
  2. B.It helps her better remember what she learns.
  3. C.It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.
  4. D.It proves to be far more effective than writing.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士关于在家学习方法的描述 → 识别‘read out loud’与‘writing by hand’的类比关系 → 提取‘helps memorize information’的核心功能 → 匹配选项B的‘remember’同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士对大声朗读有何评价？正确项：它帮助她更好地记住所学内容。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: And where is this? W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon. M: Was it romantic? W: Yeah, the Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. I think it was during the 1600s and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor. M: Wow, that sounds very romantic. It looks amazing. W: Yes. It's gorgeous. It's also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens and a wall around it all. It's all built in this white stone. (14) And some walls of the building are decorated with jewels. M: It must have been very crowded when you were there. W: Yes. It's a very famous tourist destination, so there are thousands of visitors every day. M: Was the rest of India crowded? W: Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets, especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible. But the people are friendly. The culture is amazing. And we had a great time. M: What about the food? W: Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try, and every region has its own special food.

12. For what purpose did the woman go to India?
  1. A.To spend her honeymoon.
  2. B.To try authentic Indian food.
  3. C.To take photos of the Taj Mahal.
  4. D.To trace the origin of a love story.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对话开头关于照片地点的讨论 → 捕捉‘for our honeymoon’这一明确目的状语 → 直接匹配选项A

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士去印度的目的是什么？正确项：为了度蜜月。

13. Why was the Taj Mahal built?
  1. A.In memory of a princess.
  2. B.In honor of a great emperor.
  3. C.To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.
  4. D.To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关于泰姬陵建造原因的叙述 → 解析‘so...that...’因果从句结构 → 提取‘ordered the palace to be built in her honor’的核心信息 → 匹配选项A的‘In memory of’同义替换

考点：细节定位从句结构解析

译文：题干：泰姬陵为何而建？正确项：为了纪念一位公主。

14. What does the woman say about the Taj Mahal?
  1. A.It looks older than expected.
  2. B.It is built of wood and bricks.
  3. C.It stores lots of priceless antiques.
  4. D.It has walls decorated with jewels.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士对泰姬陵外观的描述 → 捕捉‘some walls of the building are decorated with jewels’这一具体细节 → 直接匹配选项D

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士对泰姬陵有何描述？正确项：它的墙壁装饰有珠宝。

15. What is the woman's impression of Indian cities?
  1. A.Their streets are narrow.
  2. B.They are mostly crowded.
  3. C.Each one has a unique character.
  4. D.Life can be tedious in some places. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士对印度城市的直接评价 → 捕捉‘very crowded in many cities’及后续具体描述 → 推断‘mostly crowded’是对‘very crowded in many cities’的合理概括 → 匹配选项B

考点：细节定位合理推断

译文：题干：女士对印度城市的印象如何？正确项：它们大多很拥挤。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1,000 Americans conducted in April, 2016, finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. For instance, around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need. And 66% say the closing of their local public library would have a major impact on their community although notably, just 33% say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family. A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages. And roughly half think their libraries contribute "a lot" to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies. As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use, the April 2016 survey also measured Americans' usage of and engagement with libraries. Overall, 53% of Americans, aged 16 and older, have had some interaction with a public library in the past year—either through an in-person visit or using a library website. Some 48% of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months, a modest increase from the 44% who said that in late 2015. they need.

16. What do most Americans say about local public libraries?
  1. A.They help spread the latest technology.
  2. B.They greatly enrich people's leisure life.
  3. C.They provide residents with the resources needed.
  4. D.They allow free access to digital books and videos.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'most Americans' → 对应录音中 'around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need' → 同义替换 'provide residents with the resources needed' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：大多数美国人对当地公共图书馆有何评价？正确项：它们为居民提供所需的资源。

17. How can local public libraries benefit young people?
  1. A.By helping them find jobs.
  2. B.By inspiring their creativity.
  3. C.By keeping them off the streets.
  4. D.By providing a place of relaxation.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'benefit young people' → 对应录音中 'helping spark creativity among young people' → 同义替换 'inspiring their creativity' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当地公共图书馆如何使年轻人受益？正确项：通过激发他们的创造力。

18. What does the 2016 survey show about adult library users?
  1. A.Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.
  2. B.They used libraries less often than teenagers.
  3. C.They tended to visit libraries regularly.
  4. D.Their number increased modestly.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 '2016 survey' 和 'adult library users' → 对应录音末尾 'Some 48% of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months, a modest increase from the 44% who said that in late 2015' → 同义替换 'Their number increased modestly' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位数据对比

译文：题干：2016年的调查关于成年图书馆用户显示了什么？正确项：他们的数量适度增长。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A Savannah cat is a cross breed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval. The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s, and in 2001 the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed. The Savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to 9.1 kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted coat similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large. They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty, and can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch. An often-noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about 2.5 metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water. Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats. Presenting a water bowl to a Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty, using their front paws. called the Serval. The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s.

19. What do we learn about the Savannah cat?
  1. A.It is the cleverest cat in the world.
  2. B.It is the largest cat in Africa.
  3. C.It is an unusual cross breed.
  4. D.It is a large-sized wild cat.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'Savannah cat' → 对应录音首句 'A Savannah cat is a cross breed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat' → 同义替换 'It is an unusual cross breed' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于萨凡纳猫我们了解到什么？正确项：它是一种不寻常的杂交品种。

20. What is characteristic of Savannah cats?
  1. A.They are as loyal as dogs.
  2. B.They have unusually long tails.
  3. C.They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.
  4. D.They know how to please their owners.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'characteristic' → 对应录音中 'They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty' → 同义替换 'They are as loyal as dogs' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：萨凡纳猫有什么特点？正确项：它们像狗一样忠诚。

21. What do some people do with their Savannah cats?
  1. A.They shake their front paws.
  2. B.They teach them to dive.
  3. C.They shower with them.
  4. D.They shout at them.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'Savannah cats' → 听到 'Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats' → 同义替换 'shower with them' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：有些人对他们的萨凡纳猫做什么？ 正确项：他们和它们一起淋浴。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

When children start school for the very first time, parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children: playing and interacting with new friends, sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine. But of course, this is not the start of your child's education which in fact began at birth. Back then, you would have been your child's most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learned more than at any other period in their life. During your child's first year in school, much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. Your child will naturally copy you, so it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books, newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately, an excellent education should be a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child's year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday. Irrespective of the quality of a school, a child's home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished. coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era.

22. How do parents feel when their children start going to school?
  1. A.Anxious and depressed.
  2. B.Contented and relieved.
  3. C.Excited but somewhat sad.
  4. D.Proud but a bit nervous.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'parents feel' → 听到 'a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness' → 同义替换 'excited but somewhat sad' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：当孩子开始上学时，父母感觉如何？ 正确项：兴奋但有些伤感。

23. What does the passage say about children's education?
  1. A.It is becoming parents' biggest concern.
  2. B.It is gaining increasing public attention.
  3. C.It depends on their parents for success.
  4. D.It starts the moment they are born.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'children's education' → 听到 'this is not the start of your child's education which in fact began at birth' → 同义替换 'starts the moment they are born' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章关于儿童教育说了什么？ 正确项：它从他们出生的那一刻就开始了。

24. What should parents do for the success of their children's education?
  1. A.Set a good example for them to follow.
  2. B.Read books and magazines to them.
  3. C.Help them to learn by themselves.
  4. D.Choose the right school for them.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'parents do' → 听到 'it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books...' → 推理出父母应以身作则（set a good example） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：为了孩子教育的成功，父母应该做什么？ 正确项：为他们树立一个好榜样。

25. What does the passage say is the key factor of children's academic success?
  1. A.Their intelligence.
  2. B.Their home life.
  3. C.The effort they put in learning.
  4. D.The quality of their school.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'key factor' → 听到 'a child's home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor...' → 同义替换 'Their home life' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章说什么是孩子学业成功的关键因素？ 正确项：他们的家庭生活。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different [26] I tried, I still couldn't get rid of the cough. Not only did it [27] my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and [28] traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was [29] because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much [30] that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new [31] to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping( ) treatment known as "Gua Sha". I was a little [32] at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the [33] strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to [34] deeper into relaxation. I didn't feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to [35] . Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!

A. deepenB. experiencesC. hesitantD. inconvenienceE. lessenF. licensesG. pressuredH. recommendedI. remediesJ. scaredK. sensitiveL. sinkM. temporaryN. trembleO. worse

参考答案与解析

答案：26-I　27-D　28-H　29-C　30-O　31-B　32-J　33-G　34-L　35-E

解析：26 空 定位空格前‘different’与空格后‘I tried’ → 结合‘couldn’t get rid of the cough’语境 → 识别‘tried’与‘remedies’的常见搭配 → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格前‘Not only did it’与空格后‘my teaching’ → 结合‘but also my life as a whole’语境 → 识别‘affect’与‘teaching’的常见搭配 → 得出答案
28 空 定位空格前‘a student came up to me and’与空格后‘traditional Chinese medicine’ → 结合‘From her description’语境 → 识别‘suggested’与‘recommend’的同义替换 → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格后‘because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before’ → 结合‘Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power’语境 → 识别‘skeptical’与‘doubtful’的同义替换 → 得出答案
30 空 定位空格前‘my cough got so much’与空格后‘that I couldn’t sleep at night’ → 结合‘persistent bad cough’语境 → 识别‘worse’与‘severe’的同义替换 → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格前‘different’与空格后‘I tried’ → 结合‘couldn't get rid of the cough’语境 → 选择表示‘治疗方法’的名词
32 空 定位空格前‘it’指代‘cough’ → 结合‘Not only...but also my life as a whole’的并列结构 → 选择表示‘负面影响’的动词
33 空 定位空格前‘a student came up to me and...’ → 结合‘traditional Chinese medicine’与‘sounded as if it had magic power’ → 选择表示‘推荐/建议’的动词
34 空 定位空格前‘I was...because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before’ → 结合‘sounded as if it had magic power’的积极描述与‘knew so little’的对比 → 选择表示‘好奇/感兴趣’的形容词
35 空 定位空格前‘my cough got so much...that I couldn't sleep at night’ → 结合‘so...that’结构表示程度加深 → 选择表示‘恶化/严重’的形容词

考点：语境选词动词搭配近义词辨析

译文：题干：无论我尝试了多少种不同的______，我仍然无法摆脱咳嗽。正确项I (remedies)：补救措施，疗法。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AWhen you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.
BWhile the "five-second rule" might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it's still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.
CSo is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It's a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.
DWondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.
EIn fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, "But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in the kitchen, who's going to see it?" But the misremembered story persists. It's harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.
FSo what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.
GBut how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours.
HWe found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.
IWe also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.
JLast year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters( ) to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or had eaten food that had fallen on the floor.
KShould you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.
LAnd it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various "media", which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing . Hands, foods and utensils can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers( ) and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.
MSo the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.
NResearch or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.
1. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds. （F）
2. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it. （C）
3. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor. （L）
4. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated. （E）
5. The author's research centers around how food gets contaminated. （A）
6. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy. （N）
7. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor. （M）
8. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor. （D）
9. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences. （K）
10. Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor. （H）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-F　2-C　3-L　4-E　5-A　6-N　7-M　8-D　9-K　10-H

解析：36. 定位题干关键信息（细菌在五秒内到达食物） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落[A]提及五秒规则与细菌污染研究 → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键信息（食物是否被污染很大程度上取决于到达食物的细菌数量） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落[C]明确指出污染取决于细菌数量和地板脏污程度 → 得出答案
38. 理解题干含义（食物污染可能源于除掉在地板上以外的多种因素） → 在语篇中寻找相关讨论 → 段落[D]和[E]讨论了Julia Child的故事，其中食物掉在炉灶上而非地板上，暗示污染有其他途径 → 得出答案
39. 定位题干关键信息（男性比女性更不可能吃可能被污染的食物） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落[E]提及2003年研究显示女性比男性更熟悉五秒规则 → 得出答案
40. 理解题干含义（作者的研究围绕食物如何被污染） → 在语篇中寻找作者研究焦点的陈述 → 段落[A]明确说明作者实验室的研究聚焦于食物如何被污染 → 得出答案
41. 定位题干核心观点（保持清洁是健康最佳方式） → 对比各段落主旨 → 段落A提出五秒规则的疑问与研究背景，未直接支持该观点 → 段落B强调研究食品神话的意义，未直接支持 → 段落C讨论细菌转移的复杂性，未直接支持 → 段落D提及Julia Child的轶事，未直接支持 → 段落E继续讨论轶事与研究，未直接支持 → 结论：无段落直接支持该观点
42. 定位题干核心观点（吃掉在地板上捡起的食物不太可能生病） → 对比各段落内容 → 段落C指出是否生病取决于细菌数量和地板脏污程度，暗示并非绝对安全 → 段落A、B、D、E未直接支持该观点 → 结论：段落C通过解释复杂性间接支持该观点
43. 定位题干核心观点（人们长期以来有决定是否吃掉在地板上捡起食物的经历） → 对比各段落内容 → 段落D明确指出'想知道食物掉在地上后是否还能吃是一种相当普遍的经历，而且可能也不是新出现的' → 结论：段落D直接支持该观点
44. 定位题干核心观点（某些细菌菌株非常有害，少量即可致命） → 对比各段落内容 → 段落C提到'有多少细菌能在几秒内从地板转移到食物上'，暗示细菌数量的重要性 → 段落A、B、D、E未直接支持该观点 → 结论：段落C通过讨论细菌数量间接支持该观点
45. 定位题干核心观点（研究人员发现细菌数量与食物在污染地板上停留时间关系不大） → 对比各段落内容 → 段落C指出'这取决于有多少细菌能在几秒内从地板转移到食物上以及地板有多脏'，暗示时间不是唯一决定因素 → 段落A、B、D、E未直接支持该观点 → 结论：段落C通过解释复杂性间接支持该观点

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断语境理解数据解读主旨大意作者意图主旨匹配

译文：题干：一项研究发现，细菌在五秒内就能到达地板上的食物。正确项F：段落[A]讨论了五秒规则的神话以及作者实验室对食物如何被污染的研究。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect. According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey using both their ears and an inborn understanding of how the physical world works. In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled ; others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn't. It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected. "Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects," lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats' hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing. Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in what's called "preferential looking"—looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal. When babies' expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age. Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.

46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
  1. A.They can be trained to understand the physical world.
  2. B.They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.
  3. C.They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.
  4. D.They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位研究结论句 → 提炼‘using their hearing’与‘inborn understanding’ → 同义替换为‘natural ability’

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：关于一项新发表的关于猫的研究，我们了解到了什么？ 正确项C：它们拥有定位猎物的天生能力。

47. What may account for the cats' response to the noise from the containers?
  1. A.Their inborn sensitivity to noise.
  2. B.Their unusual sense of direction.
  3. C.Their special ability to perceive.
  4. D.Their mastery of cause and effect.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究者结论句 → 提炼‘common-sense abilities to infer... using their hearing’ → 同义替换为‘mastery of cause and effect’

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：什么可以解释猫对容器噪音的反应？ 正确项D：它们对因果关系的掌握。

48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?
  1. A.They depend on their instincts.
  2. B.They rely mainly on their hearing.
  3. C.They wait some time before attack.
  4. D.They use both their ears and eyes.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位研究者结论句 → 提炼‘using their hearing’ → 同义替换为‘rely mainly on their hearing’

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：根据日本研究人员的说法，猫的捕猎方式有什么特点？ 正确项B：它们主要依靠听觉。

49. In what way do babies behave like cats?
  1. A.They focus on what appears odd.
  2. B.They view the world as normal.
  3. C.They do what they prefer to do.
  4. D.They are curious about everything.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘preferential looking’定义句 → 提炼‘looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual’ → 同义替换为‘focus on what appears odd’

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：婴儿在哪些方面表现得像猫？ 正确项A：他们关注看起来奇怪的事物。

50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
  1. A.They have higher intelligence than many other animals.
  2. B.They interact with the physical world much like humans.
  3. C.They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.
  4. D.They can aid physics professors in their research work.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位文章结论句 → 提炼‘the divide between cats and humans may not be that great’ → 同义替换为‘interact with the physical world much like humans’

考点：主旨归纳同义改写

译文：题干：从文章中我们可以得出关于猫的什么结论？ 正确项B：它们与物理世界的互动方式与人类非常相似。

Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals( ). Under a voice- activated command, you say an address. "The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?" You say "yes" and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax. How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets. A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There's no question that self- driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually—or physically— impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer. But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S. The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country. New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.

51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?
  1. A.People would be driving in a more civilized way.
  2. B.It would save local governments a lot of money.
  3. C.More policemen would be patrolling the streets.
  4. D.Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到‘cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets’ → 同义替换为‘save local governments a lot of money’ → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：无人驾驶汽车的广泛使用会带来什么影响？正确项：它将为地方政府节省大量资金。

52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?
  1. A.They could enjoy greater mobility.
  2. B.They would suffer no road accidents.
  3. C.They would have no trouble driving.
  4. D.They could go anywhere they want.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到‘Older drivers and visually—or physically— impaired people would gain a new level of freedom’ → 同义替换为‘enjoy greater mobility’ → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：老年人和残疾人将如何从无人驾驶汽车中受益？正确项：他们可以享受更大的行动自由。

53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?
  1. A.The conflict between labor and management would intensify.
  2. B.The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.
  3. C.Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.
  4. D.Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位到‘many of whom will be displaced by the new technology’ → 推理出‘professional drivers would have to find new ways of making a living’ → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：无人驾驶汽车的负面影响是什么？正确项：许多职业司机将不得不寻找新的谋生方式。

54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?
  1. A.Political dissatisfaction.
  2. B.Retraining of employees.
  3. C.Fossil fuel conservation.
  4. D.Business restructuring.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到‘This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent’ → 指代‘this’为‘displaced by the new technology’ → 推理出能源行业的结果是‘political dissatisfaction’ → 得出答案

考点：指代理解推理判断

译文：题干：新技术在能源行业引入的结果是什么？正确项：政治不满。

55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
  1. A.Keep pace with technological developments.
  2. B.Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
  3. C.Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.
  4. D.Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位到‘It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all’ → 同义替换为‘Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies’ → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：作者建议企业和政府做什么？正确项：使每个人都能从新技术中受益。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Graduation opens an exciting new chapter, yet stepping from campus into the workplace is far from easy. For many fresh graduates, the transition brings a series of real challenges that deserve honest attention. To begin with, a lack of practical experience often puts newcomers at a disadvantage. Although they may have solid theoretical knowledge, employers usually prefer candidates who can handle real tasks from day one. In addition, the job market has become fiercely competitive; because millions graduate every year, a single position may attract hundreds of applicants. What is more, the gap between ideal and reality can be frustrating, as the first salary and daily duties rarely match earlier expectations. Despite these difficulties, graduates should not be discouraged. By keeping learning, accumulating experience through internships, and adjusting their mindset, young people can gradually turn pressure into growth. After all, every challenge overcome is a step toward a mature and rewarding career.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

过去几年里,移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。随着移动互联网的出现,手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款很容易,许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款,而不愿用现金或信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费,许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。专家预测,中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Over the past few years, the mobile payment market has boomed in China. With the emergence of the mobile Internet, shopping on mobile phones is gradually becoming a trend. Young people aged 18 to 30 make up the largest group of the mobile payment market. Since it is now easy to pay with mobile phones, many consumers prefer paying with their mobile phones to using cash or credit cards when shopping. In addition, to encourage people to spend more, many shops offer discounts to customers who use mobile payment. Experts predict that China's mobile payment market still has great potential for development in the future.

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