2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2010 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-A 2-B 3-C 4-B 5-C 6-B 7-D 8-A 9-C 10-D 11-C 12-A 13-A 14-D 15-B 16-A 17-D 18-C 19-B 20-D
解析：1 空 根据语境‘shop-floor lighting’与‘workers' productivity’的逻辑关系，结合后文‘the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior’，推断灯光变化对生产率产生影响，而非‘achieve’（达成）、‘extract’（提取）或‘restore’（恢复）。
2 空 根据固定搭配‘end up doing sth’（最终做某事），结合语境‘the studies ended ___ giving their name to...’，确定应填‘up’。
3 空 根据语境‘the very ___ of being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior’，结合后文‘A(n) ___ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be...’，推断此处指‘被实验的这一行为本身’，而非‘真相’、‘景象’或‘证据’。
4 空 根据语境‘the ___ behavior of the women’，结合后文‘their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed’，推断这种行为是‘令人困惑的’，而非‘有争议的’、‘恶作剧的’或‘模棱两可的’。
5 空 根据语境‘According to ___ of the experiments’，结合后文‘their hourly output rose...’，推断此处指实验的‘记录’或‘描述’，而非‘要求’、‘解释’或‘评估’。
6 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（实验的具体操作不重要，只要改变就有效果） → 选择表示‘重要性’的动词
7 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析前后句逻辑关系（只要改变，生产力就提高） → 选择表示条件关系的连词
8 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（被实验的‘意识’改变了行为） → 选择表示‘意识/认知’的名词
9 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析固定搭配（be enough to do sth.） → 选择表示‘足够’的形容词
10 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析固定搭配（by itself 意为‘独自地，自动地’） → 选择介词by
11 空 定位空格后介词 'to' → 分析动词与 'to' 的搭配 → 结合语境 '被实验' → 得出答案
12 空 定位空格后名词 'the descriptions on record' → 分析下文 'no systematic evidence was found' → 判断前后逻辑关系为转折/对比 → 得出答案
13 空 定位空格前 'According to' → 分析空格后 'of the experiments' → 结合下文描述实验结果 → 判断此处指代实验的记录或结果 → 得出答案
14 空 定位空格前 'led to' → 分析空格后 'interpretations of what happened' → 结合上文 'peculiar way of conducting the experiments' 和下文对实验方法的批评 → 判断此处指代错误的解释 → 得出答案
15 空 定位空格后句子 'lighting was always changed on a Sunday' → 分析上文 'the peculiar way of conducting the experiments' → 判断此处为举例说明 → 得出答案
16 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析前后逻辑（产量随光照变化而变化，无论增减）→ 推断产量变化是实验操作的必然结果 → 选择表示“必然、如期”的副词
17 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析前后逻辑（周一产量相比上周六上升，并且接下来几天继续上升）→ 推断产量在初始上升后保持上升趋势 → 选择表示“继续”的动词
18 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析前后句逻辑关系（前句描述实验期间的现象，后句引入无实验周的对比数据，揭示现象的普遍性）→ 推断为转折或对比关系 → 选择表示转折的连词
19 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析语境（描述工人在一周开始几天的行为倾向）→ 推断表示“倾向于”的动词 → 选择表示习惯性倾向的动词
20 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析语境（描述产量在上升后达到一个平台期）→ 推断表示“达到（平台期）”的动词 → 选择与“plateau”搭配的动词
考点：语境选词近义词辨析固定搭配 end up状语从句固定搭配动词搭配 be subjected to逻辑衔接词谋篇布局
译文：题干：它希望了解车间灯光如何______工人的生产率。正确项A：影响。
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. "So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'." Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
- A.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.
- B.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.
- C.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.
- D.young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位段落首句（decline in scope and seriousness）→ 对比今昔（过去有高质量艺术评论）→ 推断出过去报纸艺术评论更多 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位对比推理
译文：题干：第1、2段表明____。正确项：英语报纸过去刊登更多艺术评论。
- A.free themes.
- B.casual style.
- C.elaborate layout.
- D.radical viewpoints.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位“between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II” → 捕捉“unfocused newspaper reviews” → 结合“newsprint was dirt-cheap”推断主题自由 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位语境推断
译文：题干：二战前英国报纸评论的特点是____。正确项：主题自由。
- A.It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
- B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
- C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
- D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位Shaw和Newman相关描述 → 捕捉Newman引言“So few authors have brains enough...” → 推断他们认为并非所有作家都能胜任新闻写作 → 得出答案
考点：观点推断引言理解
译文：题干：Shaw和Newman最可能同意以下哪项？正确项：并非所有作家都具备新闻写作能力。
- A.His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.
- B.His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.
- C.His style caters largely to modern specialists.
- D.His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位最后两段关于Cardus的描述 → 捕捉“now known solely as a writer of essays on cricket”与“only one of his books is now in print” → 推断其音乐评论可能不再吸引当代读者 → 得出答案
考点：细节对比合理推断
译文：题干：根据最后两段，关于Cardus可以了解到什么？正确项：他的音乐评论可能不再吸引当今读者。
- A.Newspapers of the Good Old Days
- B.The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
- C.Mournful Decline of Journalism
- D.Prominent Critics in Memory
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：通篇把握主旨（艺术评论的衰退）→ 识别“lost horizon”（失落的地平线）的隐喻与“decline”对应 → 排除其他选项 → 得出答案
考点：主旨概括隐喻理解
译文：题干：本文的最佳标题是什么？正确项：报纸中失落的地平线。
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box. Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual- property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is "a very big deal," says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its State Street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that have narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court," says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.
- A.their limited value to businesses.
- B.their connection with asset allocation.
- C.the possible restriction on their granting.
- D.the controversy over their authorization.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'concern' → 在首段末句找到 'controversial' 与 'scale back' → 推断 concern 的原因是可能面临限制 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：商业方法专利最近引起关注是因为____。正确项C：它们可能被限制授予。
- A.Its ruling complies with the court decisions.
- B.It involves a very big business transaction.
- C.It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.
- D.It may change the legal practices in the U.S.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'Bilski case' → 在第三段找到其描述 'has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents' → 推断其可能改变法律实践 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：推理判断细节支撑
译文：题干：关于Bilski案，以下哪项是正确的？正确项D：它可能改变美国的法律实践。
- A.loss of goodwill.
- B.increase of hostility.
- C.change of attitude.
- D.enhancement of dignity.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位划线词 'about-face' → 分析其所在句的因果逻辑（'because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced...'）→ 推断该词表示态度或立场的彻底转变 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：词义猜测上下文逻辑
译文：题干：第三段第一行的单词 'about-face' 最可能的意思是____。正确项C：态度的改变。
- A.are immune to legal challenges.
- B.are often unnecessarily issued.
- C.lower the esteem for patent holders.
- D.increase the incidence of risks.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干范围 'last two paragraphs' → 综合分析IBM和华尔街公司虽持有专利却质疑其法律基础或反对该做法 → 推断这些专利的授予可能不必要 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：推理判断细节综合
译文：题干：从最后两段我们了解到商业方法专利____。正确项B：常常被不必要地授予。
- A.A looming threat to business-method patents.
- B.Protection for business-method patent holders.
- C.A legal case regarding business-method patents.
- D.A prevailing trend against business-method patents.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文结构 → 首段提出商业方法专利面临限制 → 中间段落通过案例和历史说明其争议性 → 末段聚焦Bilski案可能带来的变革 → 归纳主旨为专利面临潜在威胁
考点：主旨概括篇章结构
译文：题干：以下哪项可能是本文的主题？正确项A：对商业方法专利的迫近威胁。
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends. In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required at all. The researchers' argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey – whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence – even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on this basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades" – the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.
- A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics.
- B.discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas.
- C.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics.
- D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位首段对《引爆点》的引用 → 分析其在全文论证结构中的作用（引出并对比后文研究） → 得出答案
考点：篇章结构与写作目的主旨大意
译文：题干：作者引用《引爆点》一书意在____。正确项：讨论有影响力的人在传播想法中的作用。
- A.serves as a solution to marketing problems.
- B.has helped explain certain prevalent trends.
- C.has won support from influentials.
- D.requires solid evidence for its validity.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位“two-step-flow theory”相关段落 → 识别作者对其的评价（largely untested） → 推断作者暗示其需要证据支持 → 得出答案
考点：推理判断细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：作者暗示“两步传播理论”____。正确项：需要可靠的证据来证明其有效性。
- A.the power of influence goes with social interactions.
- B.interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.
- C.influentials have more channels to reach the public.
- D.most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位研究人员近期观察的段落 → 提取核心发现（influentials影响小，人际互动少） → 同义替换为“影响力与社会互动相关” → 得出答案
考点：细节定位与捕捉推理判断
译文：题干：研究人员近期的观察表明____。正确项：影响力与社会互动相伴而生。
- A.stay outside the network of social influence.
- B.have little contact with the source of influence.
- C.are influenced and then influence others.
- D.are influenced by the initial influential.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第四段“these people”所在句 → 分析其指代的先行词（each person so affected... who must in turn influence theirs） → 得出答案
考点：指代与衔接
译文：题干：第四段中划线短语“these people”指的是那些____的人。正确项：被影响然后影响他人。
- A.The eagerness to be accepted.
- B.The impulse to influence others.
- C.The readiness to be influenced.
- D.The inclination to rely on others.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位描述社会影响动态的段落 → 提取核心机制（each person... must then influence...） → 推断其本质是“被影响的意愿” → 得出答案
考点：推理判断细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：社会影响动态中的基本要素是什么？正确项：被影响的意愿。
Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbying group politely calls "the use of judgment by management." European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real world" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But banks' shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.
- A.follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.
- B.collect payments from third parties.
- C.cooperate with the price managers.
- D.reevaluate some of their assets.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'forced to' → 在语篇中定位到 'Their rules... have forced them to report enormous losses' → 识别 'report enormous losses' 与选项 A 'follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules' 的同义替换关系 → 得出答案
考点：动词搭配 take on语境选词
译文：题干：银行家们抱怨他们被迫______。正确选项A：遵循不利的资产评估规则。
- A.the diminishing role of management.
- B.the revival of the banking system.
- C.the banks' long-term asset losses.
- D.the weakening of its independence.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'FASB' 和 'rule changes' → 在语篇中定位到相关段落 → 分析规则变化带来的后果 → 通过同义替换和推理得出答案
考点：细节定位因果推理同义替换
译文：题干：根据作者，FASB的规则变更可能导致______。正确答案D：其独立性的削弱。
- A.keep away from political influences.
- B.evade the pressure from their peers.
- C.act on their own in rule-setting.
- D.take gradual measures in reform.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第四段McCreevy的警告 → 提取其核心观点（IASB不应在政治真空中行动，欧洲可能制定不同规则） → 推断其反对IASB独立行动 → 同义替换为选项C
考点：细节定位观点推断同义替换
译文：题干：根据第四段，McCreevy反对IASB试图______。正确项C：在制定规则时自行其是。
- A.misinterpreted market price indicators.
- B.exaggerated the real value of their assets.
- C.neglected the likely existence of bad debts.
- D.denied booking losses in their sale of assets.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位关键句“It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.” → 提取核心信息“overvalued assets” → 同义替换为“exaggerated the real value of their assets” → 得出答案
考点：推理判断细节定位与同义替换
译文：题干：作者认为银行“在错误的星球上”，是因为它们____。正确选项B：夸大了其资产的真实价值。
- A.satisfaction.
- B.skepticism.
- C.objectiveness.
- D.sympathy.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位作者对标准制定者处境的描述 → 分析作者对银行施压行为的负面评价 → 推断作者对标准制定者独立性受损的担忧态度
考点：观点态度推断语境情感色彩分析
译文：题干：作者对标准制定者的态度是____。正确答案D：同情。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need. / For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000 – more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate. / All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too. / However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains. / The first and most important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
科学家们赶忙出来救场,拿出了一些明显站不住脚的证据,大意是:如果鸟类不能控制昆虫,昆虫就会把我们吃光。(47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as amatter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
但我们至少已经更接近于承认这一点:鸟类应当作为一种固有的权利继续存在下去,无论它们对我们是否具有经济价值。(48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve thehealth of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
曾经有一段时间,生物学家有些过度地使用这样的证据:他们认为这些动物通过捕杀体弱的个体来维持猎物种群的健康,或者它们只捕食那些"无价值的"物种。(49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species arerecognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
在欧洲,那里的林业在生态层面更为先进,无商业价值的树种被视为本土森林共同体的成员,并以这样的身份在合理的范围内得到保护。(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community thatlack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
这种体系往往会忽视、并因此最终消灭土地共同体中的许多成分——这些成分虽然缺乏商业价值,但对土地共同体的健康运转却至关重要。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲9 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effectthat insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.第2段,第3句句子包含同位语从句和条件状语从句,这两种从句都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频结构。同位语从句用 to the effect that 引出,是学术文本中常见的表达方式。整体句式(主句 + 同位语从句 + 嵌套状语从句)是考试阅读中的典型长难句模式,学会分析此句可迁移到大量类似句型。It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today.第3段,第1句It is + 形容词 + to do 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,用于表达对某一行为或情况的评价。这一结构在真题中反复出现,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子,典型性较高。It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators aremembers of the community, and that no special interest has the right toexterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.第4段,第4句这句结构层级丰富、训练点集中,而时态本身不太难,适合把注意力放在“如何拆结构、找主干”上。作为结构与时态综合训练材料,优先级很高。Some species of trees have been "read out of the party" by economics-mindedforesters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay astimber crops.第5段,第1句现在完成时被动语态加原因状语从句的组合是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,被动语态表达学术客观性、原因从句解释现象成因,都是典型的学术语言特征,掌握后可广泛迁移。In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial treespecies are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preservedas such, within reason.第5段,第2句高度典型的四六级阅读句式:被动语态主句配合插入式非限制性定语从句,地点状语前置,不定式短语作目的状语,这种结构在学术类文章和考试阅读中频繁出现,掌握后可迁移到大量同类句型,代表性强。Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soilfertility.第5段,第3句"主语 + be + 过去分词 + 不定式补足语" 是四六级和考研阅读中常见的被动句型,例如 "befound/considered/believed to do" 结构频繁出现。本句是该句型的典型代表,且包含介词短语作定语等常见修饰成分,学习后可直接迁移到大量类似句子。The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora,and fauna is taken for granted.第5段,第4句"主语(带后置定语和并列成分)+ 被动语态谓语 + 状语" 是四六级和考研阅读中的典型句式。长主语结合被动语态的结构在学术文本和科普文章中频繁出现,掌握这类句型可以帮助学生快速识别类似结构,迁移性强。To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest ishopelessly lopsided.第6段,第1句主系表结构配合后置定语修饰主语,是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式;特别是分词短语作后置定语这一结构在学术性文本中高频出现,且本句呈现的"核心名词 + 介词短语定语 + 分词短语定语"的多层修饰组合具有较强的代表性,学生掌握后可迁移到大量同类句子It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunity that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthyfunctioning.第6段,第2句主句带并列谓语、宾语后接并列定语从句,且通过转折连词连接对比性从句,这种结构在四六级和考研真题中高频出现,是典型的学术议论句式,迁移价值高。HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 50 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。economic B2 community B1adj. 经济的 n. 社区本篇8 次 · 真题 98 句 本篇5 次 · 真题 71 句evidence B1 species B2n. 证据 n. 物种本篇4 次 · 真题 48 句 本篇4 次 · 真题 36 句system A2 base A2n. 系统 n. 基础本篇2 次 · 真题 107 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 43 句preserve B2 conservation B2v. 保护 n. 保护本篇2 次 · 真题 30 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 24 句function B1 creature B1n. 功能 n. 生物本篇2 次 · 真题 23 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 9 句would A1 benefit B1aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会 n. 好处本篇1 次 · 真题 304 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 88 句effect A2 tend B1n. 影响 v. 倾向于,往往会本篇1 次 · 真题 80 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 71 句least A2 account A2det. 最少的 n. 账户本篇1 次 · 真题 63 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句lack B1 argument B1v. 缺少 n. 争论本篇1 次 · 真题 41 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 39 句importance B1 exist A2n. 重要性 v. 存在;实际上有本篇1 次 · 真题 31 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 28 句essential B1 recognize B1adj. 必不可少的 v. 认出本篇1 次 · 真题 27 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句threaten B1 assume B2v. 威胁;恐吓 v. 假定本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句commercial B2 ignore B1adj. 商业的 v. 忽视;不理睬本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句thus B2 eliminate B2adv. 因此,所以 v. 消除本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句eventually B1 valuable B1adv. 最终 adj. 贵重的本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句presence B2 crop B1n. 在场 n. 农作物本篇1 次 · 真题 19 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句grant B2 category B1v. 授予 n. 类别本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句native B1 insect A2adj. 本国的 n. 昆虫本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句admit B1 advanced B2v. 承认(事实、错误等) adj. 先进的本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句element B1 moreover B2n. 要素 adv. 此外本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句weakness B1 beginning A1n. 缺点 n. 开始本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句painful B1 slowly A1adj. 疼痛的 adv. 缓慢地本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句timber B2 biologist B2n. 木材 n. 生物学家本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句disappear A2 somewhat B2v. 消失;不见 adv. 有点本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句absence B1 parallel B2n. 缺席 adj. 平行的本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 169 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 169 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 9 个 ·约 5%。31% 49% 75% 95% 100% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 169 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖169 5% 75 %考研英语一 2010年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 段落排序 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Notice June 20, 2026 The Postgraduates' Association is now recruiting volunteers for an upcoming international conference on globalization, which will bring together scholars from around the world. Applicants are expected to meet the following basic qualifications: fluent English for communication with foreign guests, a background related to economics or international relations, and enough free time during the conference week. The conference will be held from July 10 to 12 in the main hall. Those interested should send a brief application to pa@university.edu before June 30. For more information, please feel free to contact us at Postgraduates' Association
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, a steaming hotpot is boiling on the table, in which various ingredients are cooking. Each ingredient is labeled with a cultural name, such as Confucianism, Taoism, Peking Opera and Kung Fu from China, along with Shakespeare, Einstein, Swan Lake and Enlightenment from the West. Above it reads a title: "Cultural hotpot, both delicious and nutritious." Simple as it looks, the drawing conveys a thought-provoking message about cultural integration. The hotpot, which blends ingredients of different origins into one delicious dish, symbolizes an open and inclusive culture that absorbs the essence of both domestic and foreign traditions. Just as a hotpot tastes better when more ingredients are added, a culture grows richer when it embraces diverse elements rather than rejecting them. In an era of globalization, no culture can thrive in isolation. In my view, such cultural inclusiveness deserves our applause. We should keep an open mind, learning from other cultures while preserving our own roots. Only in this way can our culture stay nutritious and appealing.
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