2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2024 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-D 2-C 3-B 4-A 5-B 6-C 7-A 8-D 9-A 10-D 11-A 12-C 13-C 14-D 15-C 16-B 17-D 18-C 19-B 20-A
解析：1 空 分析句内逻辑关系 → 识别'need to be touched'与'automatic doors'的对比 → 选择表示否定条件的介词
2 空 定位空格在'essential in ___ disabled access'结构中 → 分析动名词与宾语的搭配 → 选择表示'改善/提升'的动词
3 空 定位空格在'provide general ___ to commercial buildings'结构中 → 分析名词与'provide'的搭配及语境 → 选择表示'便利'的名词
4 空 定位空格在'invented six years ___'结构中 → 分析时间副词与'before 1960'的逻辑关系 → 选择表示'之前'的副词
5 空 定位空格在'They ___ as a novelty feature'结构中 → 分析动词短语与'as'的搭配及语境 → 选择表示'起初是'的短语
6 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析并列结构（helping provide general ___ to...）与上下文语义（自动门对商业建筑的积极影响） → 选择表示“益处”的名词
7 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文（自动门在繁忙地点或紧急时期的作用） → 选择表示“有用的”形容词
8 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析动词与宾语（crowd management）的搭配 → 选择表示“充当、起作用”的动词短语
9 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析前后分句逻辑关系（前句讲自动门使进出更容易，后句讲其开门方式减少占用面积） → 选择表示并列或递进关系的连接词
10 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析动词与宾语（the total area）的搭配及语义（门打开时占用的面积） → 选择表示“占据”的动词过去分词
11 空 分析空格所在句的逻辑关系 → 识别“smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside”为目的 → 选择表示“允许/使能够”的动词 → 得出答案
12 空 分析空格所在句的逻辑关系 → 识别“without having to ___ the way for a large, sticking-out door”为“无需为...腾出空间” → 选择表示“清理，腾出”的动词 → 得出答案
13 空 分析空格所在句的逻辑关系 → 识别“each ___ specific signals to tell them when to open”为“每种门___特定信号” → 选择表示“依赖，依靠”的动词短语 → 得出答案
14 空 分析空格所在句的逻辑关系 → 识别“these methods differ”与“the main ___ remain the same”为让步关系 → 选择表示“尽管”的连词 → 得出答案
15 空 分析空格所在句的逻辑关系 → 识别“the main ___ remain the same”与“Each automatic door system ___ the light... as a signal”为总分关系 → 选择表示“原则，原理”的名词 → 得出答案
16 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析宾语（光、声、重量或运动）与动词的逻辑关系 → 选择表示‘分析/处理’信号的动词
17 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（传感器类型）与宾语（不同环境）的逻辑关系 → 选择表示‘匹配/适合’的动词
18 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析前后句逻辑关系（前句讲一般原则，后句举具体街道例子） → 选择表示举例的逻辑衔接词
19 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（繁忙街道）与宾语（运动感应门）的逻辑关系 → 选择表示‘适合/匹配’的动词
20 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（压力感应垫）与宾语（限制调查区域）的逻辑关系 → 选择表示‘合适/恰当’的形容词
考点：固定搭配 without the need to语境逻辑判断动名词搭配 improve access语境选词固定搭配 provide convenience to时间逻辑推理固定搭配 start out as近义词辨析动词搭配固定搭配（通用）状语从句逻辑关系逻辑衔接词
译文：题干：______需要触摸来开启或关闭，自动门对于______残疾人进入建筑物以及帮助提供商业建筑的通用______至关重要。正确项D：Without（无需）
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
Nearly 2,000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things. The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel. Why had the Romans buried a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia. Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was. The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper. According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails. Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails. It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695, but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense. I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects: their price. I am an economist, after all. After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing I've learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype, it's the cheap technologies that change the world. The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper. Solar panels had a few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global energy system.
- A.saving them for future use
- B.keeping them from rusting
- C.letting them grow in value
- D.hiding them from the locals
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位罗马人埋钉子的原因句 → 提取‘不想让当地人得到武器级铁’的同义改写 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：罗马人埋钉子可能是为了______。正确项D：将钉子藏起来不让当地人发现。
- A.highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists
- B.illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period
- C.contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails
- D.show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位弗吉尼亚人例子所在段落 → 提取该例子后紧跟的总结句‘underlines how scarce, costly and valuable...’ → 得出答案
考点：例证目的细节支撑
译文：题干：17世纪早期弗吉尼亚人的例子被用来______。正确项D：展示当时钉子制造技术的珍贵。
- A.Increased productivity.
- B.Wider use of new energies.
- C.Fiercer market competition.
- D.Reduced cost of raw materials.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位价格下降原因句 → 提取‘most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways...’的同义改写 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：18世纪末之后，什么在降低钉子价格方面起了主要作用？正确项A：生产力提高。
- A.have undergone many technological improvements
- B.have remained basically the same since Roman times
- C.are less studied than other everyday products
- D.are one of the world's most significant inventions
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第五段关于钉子变化的描述句 → 提取‘Nails themselves have changed over the years, but... they haven't changed much’的同义改写 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：从第五段可以得知钉子______。正确项B：自罗马时代以来基本保持不变。
- A.Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.
- B.Technological innovation is integral to economic success.
- C.Technology defines people's understanding of the world.
- D.Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位最后两段 → 提取作者总结句‘it's the cheap technologies that change the world’ �� 得出答案
考点：主旨概括观点提炼
译文：题干：以下哪项最能概括最后两段？正确项A：廉价技术带来革命性变化。
Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and "baby-wearing", in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm. According to Dr. Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents. Dr. Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities. In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an "intensive mothering narrative", which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. "Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences," they wrote. By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care. One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour. Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans' evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a "knock-on" benefit to a child's wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers—this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three. While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western "instructive teaching", where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents "might also enhance their own social development".
- A.sharing childcare among community members
- B.assigning babies to specific adult caregivers
- C.teaching parenting skills to older children
- D.carrying infants around by their parents
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位首段对alloparenting的定义 → 提取“each child is cared for by many adults”核心信息 → 同义替换为“sharing childcare among community members”
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：根据前两段，alloparenting指的是______的做法。正确项：在社区成员间分担育儿责任。
- A.an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication
- B.an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society
- C.the conventional parenting style in western culture
- D.the differences between western and African ways of living
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位德国案例所在段落 → 识别其作为“incorporate them into western life”的例证功能 → 推断其目的是说明如何将alloparenting融入西方社会
考点：例证功能推断段落逻辑关系
译文：题干：提及德国的这个计划是为了说明______。正确项：一种将共同育儿融入西方社会的方法。
- A.alleviates parenting pressures
- B.consolidates family relationships
- C.results in the child-centred family
- D.departs from the course of evolution
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第四段对“intensive mothering narrative”的描述 → 提取其与“western nuclear family”和“broke with evolutionary history”的关联 → 同义替换为“departs from the course of evolution”
考点：细节定位指代与同义替换
译文：题干：根据第四段，“密集型母亲叙事”______。正确项：偏离了进化的进程。
- A.They tend to fall short of official requirements.
- B.They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.
- C.They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.
- D.They should try to prevent parental depression.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：综合全文对西方育儿模式的批评（如“intensive mothering”有害）及对更多照护者的呼吁 → 推断作者对英国托儿所的隐含建议 → 得出应改善照护者与儿童比例
考点：作者态度推断隐含建议推理
译文：题干：关于英国的托儿所，可以推断出什么？正确项：它们应该改善照护者与儿童的比例。
- A.Instructive teaching: a dilemma for anxious parents
- B.For a happier family, learn from the hunter-gatherers
- C.Mixed-age playgroup, a better choice for lonely children
- D.Tracing the history of parenting: from Africa to Europe
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：通览全文，把握核心论点（狩猎采集者的育儿方式有益）与结构（提出观点→举例→对比西方问题→呼吁借鉴） → 概括主旨 → 匹配最佳标题
考点：主旨概括篇章结构把握
译文：题干：以下哪项最适合作为本文的标题？正确项：为了更幸福的家庭，向狩猎采集者学习。
A Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes, Greg Rutkowski has made illustrations for games such as Dungeons & Dragons and Magic: The Gathering. And he's become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation. His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion. The tool, along with other popular image-generation AI models, allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts. For example, type in "Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski," and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style. But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists. As a result, they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright. And artists like Rutkowski have had enough. According to the website Lexica, which tracks over 10 million Stable Diffusion images and prompts, Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times. Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences. Then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published. The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his. "It's been just a month. What about in a year? I probably won't be able to find my work out there because the Internet will be flooded with AI art," Rutkowski said. "That's concerning." Other artists besides Rutkowski have been surprised by the apparent popularity of their work in text-to- image generators—and some are now fighting back. Karla Ortiz, an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion's data set, has been raising awareness about the issues around AI art and copyright. Artists say they risk losing income as people start using AI-generated images based on copyrighted material for commercial purposes. But it's also a lot more personal, Ortiz says, arguing that because art is so closely linked to a person, it could raise data protection and privacy problems. "There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this," says Ortiz. The group is in its early days of mobilization, which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation. One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain, and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists, Ortiz says.
- A.He is enthusiastic about using AI models.
- B.He is popular with users of an AI art generator.
- C.He attracts admiration from other illustrators.
- D.He specializes in classical painting digitalization.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位首两段关于Rutkowski的描述 → 提取其作品在AI生成器中被高频使用的信息 → 推断其在AI艺术生成器用户中的受欢迎程度
考点：细节定位信息推断
译文：题干：从文章前两段可以了解到关于Rutkowski的什么信息？正确项：他在一个AI艺术生成器的用户中很受欢迎。
- A.lack flexibility in responding to prompts
- B.produce artworks in unpredictable styles
- C.make unauthorized use of online images
- D.collect user information without consent
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位描述开源AI艺术生成器问题的句子 → 提取其未经许可和署名使用网络图像的核心问题 → 匹配选项中的同义表述
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：开源AI艺术生成器的问题在于它们______。正确项：未经授权使用网络图像。
- A.a unique way to reach audiences
- B.a new method to identify AI images
- C.AI-generated work bearing his name
- D.heated disputes regarding his copyright
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Rutkowski在线搜索的段落 → 提取搜索结果中出现署有其名但非其作品的信息 → 匹配选项中的同义表述
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：在线搜索后，Rutkowski发现______。正确项：署有他名字的AI生成作品。
- A.campaign for new policies or regulation
- B.offer their services to public institutions
- C.strengthen their relationships with AI users
- D.adopt a different strategy for AI model training
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位Ortiz的观点部分 → 推断其对AI公司建议的核心（改变训练策略） → 匹配选项中的同义表述
考点：观点推断细节支撑
译文：题干：根据Ortiz的观点，建议AI公司______。正确项：采用不同的AI模型训练策略。
- A.Artists' responses to AI art generation.
- B.AI's expanded role in artistic creation.
- C.Privacy issues in the application of AI.
- D.Opposing views on AI development.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文，把握核心话题（艺术家对AI艺术生成的反应） → 排除片面或偏离主旨的选项 → 选择最能概括全文的选项
考点：主旨概括选项排除
译文：题干：这篇文章主要关于什么？正确项：艺术家对AI艺术生成的反应。
The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths, but in the complexity of its natural construction, the interaction of fresh and saline waters, and the mix of land and water. The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters, filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges. All this was put at great risk late last month, when the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. Specifically, a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection" to bodies of water. This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders, mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules. And it carries "significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States," as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed. In Maryland, the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections. But that's a very shortsighted view, particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water, and the pollutants that so often come with it, don't respect state boundaries. The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000- square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia, the District of Columbia and Delaware. Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v. EPA? Perhaps some, but all? That seems unlikely. It is too easy, and misleading, to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors. And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states. Pennsylvania farmers, to use one telling example, aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields, yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream. And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved. We can offer them a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them, but teeming with aquatic life. It's worth the scenic drive.
- A.a valuable natural environment
- B.a controversial conservation area
- C.a place with commercial potential
- D.a headache for nearby communities
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位首段对Chesapeake Bay的描述 → 提取其自然构造复杂性、生态功能（提供家园、蓄洪、过滤污染物、保护社区）等正面信息 → 概括为‘有价值的自然环境’
考点：细节定位同义概括
译文：题干：切萨皮克湾在第一段中被描述为______。正确项A：一个有价值的自然环境。
- A.reinforces water pollution control
- B.weakens the EPA's regulatory power
- C.will end conflicts among local residents
- D.may face opposition from mining operators
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位最高法院裁决的直接描述 → 提取‘provides the EPA far less authority’ → 同义替换为‘weakens the EPA's regulatory power’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：美国最高法院在爱达荷州案件中的裁决______。正确项B：削弱了美国环保局的监管权力。
- A.Worried.
- B.Puzzled.
- C.Relieved.
- D.Encouraged.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位作者对未来的描述 → 提取‘put at great risk’、‘significant repercussions’、‘shortsighted view’、‘consequences can be so dire’等负面表述 → 推断作者态度为‘担忧’
考点：观点态度推断情感色彩词捕捉
译文：题干：作者对切萨皮克湾的未来感觉如何？正确项A：担忧的。
- A.It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.
- B.It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.
- C.It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.
- D.It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位EPA参与项目的描述 → 提取‘crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states’ → 推断其作用是‘超越州际特殊利益影响，确保保护工作的协调’
考点：推理判断指代与衔接理解
译文：题干：关于美国环保局参与切萨皮克湾项目，可以推断出什么？正确项D：它确保了保护工作的协调。
- A.be cautious about the influence of land owners
- B.attach due importance to wetlands protections
- C.recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges
- D.improve the wellbeing of endangered species
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位作者对州法律保护的评价 → 提取‘very shortsighted view’及后续对州际协调必要性的论述 → 推断作者认为州立法者应重视湿地保护
考点：观点态度推断推理判断
译文：题干：作者认为州立法者应该______。正确项B：对湿地保护给予应有的重视。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else. / Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts' copies after the originals are returned. / Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful. / Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin. / It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
大象有时会跋涉六十多英里去寻找食物或水,而且非常擅长弄清楚其他大象身处何方——即便看不见对方时也是如此。(47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are inrelation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as followingfamiliar routes.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
研究人员确信,大象总能精确知晓自己相对于所需的全部资源处于何方,因此既能沿着熟悉的路线行走,也能抄近道。(48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, butthat would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight isactually not very good.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
一种可能是,大象仅凭眼睛去看,然后试吃它们发现的植物;但这样做很可能会白白耗费大量时间和精力,尤其是因为它们的视力其实并不算好。(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they are verycharacteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
植物释放的挥发性化学物质可以传到很远的地方,而且它们极具辨识度:每一种植物或树木都拥有自己独特的气味标识。(50) The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that aregood to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
该实验表明,大象很可能利用嗅觉来识别哪些树丛适合食用,其次还会评估每一片树丛中各棵树的品质。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲13 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are verygood at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight.第2段,第3句句子包含并列谓语、宾语从句、状语从句三种结构,都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。尤其是"be good at + 动名词 + 宾语从句"这种能力描述句型,以及"when"引导的时间状语从句补充条件,在真题中反复出现。学会分析这类句子可迁移到大量类似长句,典型性较高。Using tracking devices, researchers have shown that they have "remarkable spatialacuity."第2段,第4句“句首分词或介词化方式短语加主句,再接由 that 引出的宾语从句”是非常常见的学术说明句式。掌握这种拆法后,可以迁移到大量阅读与考试句子中。When finding their way to waterholes, they headed off in exactly the rightdirection, on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles.第2段,第5句时间状语从句修饰主句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,实用性强。从句的省略形式(When +动名词)也是常见的简化写法,掌握后可迁移到类似结构。主句中状语的多重修饰也是长难句的典型特征。整体结构在真题中有较高的代表性。What is more, they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole.第2段,第6句本句为简单句结构,包含 seem to do 这一常见句型和频率状语的使用,在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见。虽然不属于复杂长难句,但作为基础句式具有一定代表性,掌握后可迁移至类似结构的句子。The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely wherethey are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.第2段,第7句本句的 be convinced that 引导宾语从句、know 后接间接疑问句、定语从句修饰先行词、并列谓语结构等,都是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式。掌握这些结构后可大量复用到其他复杂句的分析中,典型性很强。Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are notyet understood, smell may well play a part.第3段,第1句"Although" 引导的让步状语从句 + 主句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,体现逻辑转折或条件限定。主句的情态动词表推测也是学术写作常见表达。从句中带后置定语的主语结构(名词 + 过去分词短语)同样是真题中反复出现的模式。掌握本句结构后,学生可迁移到大量类似长难句,典型性较高。One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants theyfound, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not leastbecause their eyesight is actually not very good.第4段,第2句句中涵盖丰富的成分类型:主语、系动词谓语、表语从句、并列谓语("used" 和 "tried out")、多个宾语、定语从句(省略关系代词)、原因状语从句、程度状语等。特别是表语从句、省略关系代词的定语从句、指示代词 "that" 作主语等,都是练习中的高频易错点,训练价值高。The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they arevery characteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.第5段,第1句并列句结构和情态被动语态在四六级、考研阅读中较为常见,后置定语修饰名词的模式也是典型句式。冒号引出解释说明的用法虽不如从句普遍,但整体结构具有一定代表性,掌握后可迁移到类似并列陈述句的理解中。What is more, they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.第5段,第2句"情态动词 + 被动语态" 以及 "when" 引导的时间状语从句都是考试中的高频结构。"even when" 表示让步意味的用法也较为常见。整体属于典型的中等难度句式,掌握后可迁移到其他类似句子。New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—andprobably other herbivores—to the best food resources.第5段,第3句主句 + that引导的宾语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,特别是"研究/报告/专家 +suggest/indicate/show + that从句"的表达非常典型。从句内"主系表 + 介词短语定语"的结构也是科技类、说明类文章的常见模式。掌握本句结构后,学生可直接迁移到大量真题句子中,代表性强。They then set up a "food station" experiment, in which they gave the elephants aseries of choices based only on smell.第6段,第2句句子结构非常典型:主句 + 非限制性定语从句,是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。从句内的双宾语结构和后置定语也是常考知识点。掌握这个句子的分析方法可以迁移到大量真题句子,代表性强The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches oftrees that are good to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees withineach patch.第6段,第3句主句加宾语从句、宾语从句内嵌套定语从句的结构是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式,且"show/find/suggest + that 从句" 这类动词加宾语从句的模式极为常见,掌握后可大量复用。Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate theirpreferred food.第6段,第4句覆盖主谓宾和目的状语四种成分,且目的状语 to locate 需要与宾语补足语区分(use 不构成使役结构),有一定辨析价值;但缺少定语从句、表语、宾语补足语等其他常见易错成分,成分种类不够丰富,训练价值中等。HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 40 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。researcher B2 actually A2n. 研究人员 adv. 实际上,事实上(用于纠正或补充信息)本篇3 次 · 真题 112 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 42 句resource B1 would A1n. 资源 aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会本篇2 次 · 真题 24 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 304 句least A2 factor B1det. 最少的 n. 因素本篇1 次 · 真题 63 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 47 句quality A2 base A2n. 质量 n. 基础本篇1 次 · 真题 45 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 43 句identify B1 recently A2v. 识别 adv. 最近本篇1 次 · 真题 37 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 37 句structure B1 establish B2n. 结构 v. 建立,创立(组织、机构、关系等)本篇1 次 · 真题 36 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 27 句particular B2 possibility B1adj. 特定的 n. 可能性本篇1 次 · 真题 27 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句select B1 track A2v. 选择,挑选 n. 小路本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句variety B1 series B1n. 多样化 n. 系列本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句assess B2 crucial B2v. 评估 adj. 至关重要的本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句device B1 route B1n. 设备 n. 路线本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句characteristic B2 enable B1n. 特征 v. 使能够本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句exactly B1 therefore B1adv. 精确地 adv. 因此,所以本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句chemical B1 guide A2adj. 化学的 n. 指南;手册本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句habitat B2 locate B1n. (动植物的)栖息地,生长环境 v. 找到;找出...的位置本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句precisely B2 roughly B1adv. 精确地,准确地 adv. 大约,大概本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句detect B2 agricultural B2v. 发现,察觉(难以察觉的事物) adj. 农业的本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句merely B2 foundation B2adv. 仅仅,只不过 n. 基础;根基本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句cognitive C1 cue B2adj. 认知的 n. 提示本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句distance A2 distribute B2n. 距离 v. 分发本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 168 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 168 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 5 个 ·约 3%。48% 63% 85% 97% 99% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 168 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖168 3% 85 %考研英语一 2024年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 段落小标题(7选5) 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Dear Paul, I'm glad you wrote to me, and I'd be more than happy to help you prepare your oral report. Here are some suggestions. First, choose one scientist you find interesting, such as Zu Chongzhi or Li Shizhen. Then, look up reliable books and websites to collect facts about his life and major achievements. After that, write a clear outline so that your ideas flow smoothly from one point to the next. Finally, practice reading the report aloud several times until you feel confident and relaxed. I'm sure your report will be a great success. Good luck! Yours, Li Ming
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
As is depicted in the picture, five residents are enjoying themselves in a newly built park: two children are running, a couple are chatting, and a delighted man exclaims that the small park near his home is wonderful, with a board reading "Citizen Fitness Area" standing nearby. The accompanying chart reinforces this scene: the number of parks in a certain city climbed steadily from 406 in 2020 to 532 in 2021, and to 670 in 2022. Simple as they seem, the picture and the chart jointly reveal a heartening trend: our cities are investing more in public green spaces, and such spaces are enriching residents' daily lives. The rising bars are not merely cold figures; behind each of them lie the laughter of children and the leisure of ordinary families. In essence, urban parks bridge material progress and spiritual well-being. In view of this, I firmly hold that building more parks deserves our applause and support. On the one hand, the government should keep increasing green areas and equip them with fitness facilities. On the other hand, we citizens ought to cherish and protect these shared spaces. Only in this way can our cities grow both greener and happier.
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