2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2014 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-D 2-A 3-B 4-A 5-C 6-D 7-C 8-D 9-B 10-C 11-A 12-A 13-B 14-D 15-C 16-B 17-A 18-B 19-C 20-D
解析：1 空 分析句子结构 → 空格引导宾语从句，从句中动词put为及物动词，缺宾语 → 选择能作宾语的关系副词where
2 空 定位前文记忆与思维清晰度下降 → 推断大脑状态变化方向 → 选择表示衰退的fades
3 空 分析前后句逻辑关系 → 前句说看似无害，后句说可能产生严重影响 → 选择表示让步转折的While
4 空 定位前文“看似无害”与后文“严重影响”的转折 → 推断影响性质为负面 → 选择damaging
5 空 分析空格与professional, social的并列关系 → 推断应为生活层面的概括性名词 → 选择wellbeing
6 空 固定搭配识别 → 语境验证 → 得出答案
7 空 上下文语义场定位 → 同义替换验证 → 得出答案
8 空 语义场定位 → 近义词辨析 → 得出答案
9 空 语义场定位 → 语境验证 → 得出答案
10 空 语义场定位 → 近义词辨析 → 得出答案
11 空 分析空格前后句逻辑关系 → 前句描述现象看似无害，后句指出其潜在严重后果 → 判断为转折关系 → 选择表转折的连词
12 空 分析空格所在句的语义 → 句子表达智力根据心理努力而变化 → 判断需要表示“依据”的介词短语 → 选择符合语境的搭配
13 空 分析空格所在句的语义 → 句子描述公司更进一步开发了首个脑训练程序 → 判断需要表示“更进一步”的副词 → 选择符合语境的搭配
14 空 分析空格所在句的语义 → 句子描述程序帮助人们改善和恢复心智的某种能力 → 结合前文提到的记忆和思维清晰度下降 → 判断需要表示“敏锐度”的名词 → 选择符合语境的近义词
15 空 分析空格所在句的语义 → 句子描述程序的功能是系统性地改善记忆和注意力技能 → 判断需要表示“允许/使能够”的动词 → 选择符合语境的近义词
16 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析动词短语搭配 → 结合语境“跟踪进度” → 得出答案
17 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析介词搭配 → 结合语境“关于表现和进步的反馈” → 得出答案
18 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析副词修饰动词 → 结合语境“程序持续调整游戏” → 得出答案
19 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析动词短语搭配 → 结合语境“专注于你正在发展的优势” → 得出答案
20 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析形容词修饰名词 → 结合类比“就像一个______的锻炼计划” → 得出答案
考点：宾语从句引导词关系副词where作状语语境选词近义词辨析状语从句引导词让步转折逻辑固定搭配 turn out同义替换逻辑衔接词转折关系固定搭配固定搭配 keep track of固定搭配 feedback on语境选词，近义词辨析固定搭配 build on
译文：我们突然记不起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了。
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit – and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on," he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" – protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency – permanent dependency if you can get it – supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.
- A.encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking.
- B.provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.
- C.guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits.
- D.motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位首段Osborne的引言与方案描述 → 提炼其宣称的‘改变生活’、‘减少依赖’等目标 → 同义替换为‘鼓励积极求职’
考点：细节定位目的归纳同义替换
译文：题干：Osborne的计划旨在____。正确项A：鼓励求职者积极参与求职活动。
- A.to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
- B.to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance.
- C.to register for an allowance from the government.
- D.to attend a governmental job-training program.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位短语所在句 → 分析上下文（前文提及‘七天等待期’，后文对比‘找工作’） → 推断‘sign on’指代申领津贴的登记手续
考点：语境推断词义猜测
译文：题干：短语‘to sign on’（第2段第3行）最可能的意思是____。正确项C：向政府登记领取津贴。
- A.A desire to secure a better life for all.
- B.An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
- C.An urge to be generous to the claimants.
- D.A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第2段末尾Osborne的动机陈述 → 提取‘fundamental fairness’、‘protecting the taxpayer’等关键词 → 同义替换为‘确保对纳税人的公平’
考点：动机推断细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：是什么促使财政大臣制定了他的计划？正确项D：一种确保对纳税人公平的热情。
- A.uneasy.
- B.insulted.
- C.enraged.
- D.guilty.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位第3段对失业者感受的描述 → 提取‘financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing’等关键词 → 归纳为‘不安’（uneasy）
考点：细节定位情感态度归纳
译文：题干：根据第3段，失业会让人感到____。正确项A：不安的。
- A.Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.
- B.The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness.
- C.The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.
- D.Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通读全文，把握作者对Osborne计划的批判态度 → 识别作者对‘条件性福利’的质疑 → 推断作者最可能同意‘福利不应设条件’
考点：作者态度推断观点归纳
译文：题干：作者最可能同意以下哪项？正确项A：失业福利不应被设为有条件的。
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession – with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard. Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.
- A.the growing demand from clients.
- B.the increasing pressure of inflation.
- C.the prospect of working in big firms.
- D.the attraction of financial rewards.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'take up law' → 在语篇中定位到 'tempting ever more students to pile into law schools' → 分析其原因 'The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money' → 同义替换为 'attraction of financial rewards' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：许多学生选择法律作为职业是因为____。正确项：经济回报的吸引力。
- A.Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.
- B.Receiving training by professional associations.
- C.Admissions approval from the bar association.
- D.Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'costs of legal education' → 在语篇中定位到 'There is just one path... a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject' → 同义替换为 'Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：在大多数美国州，以下哪项增加了法律教育的成本？正确项：攻读另一个专业的学士学位。
- A.the rigid bodies governing the profession.
- B.lawyers' and clients' strong resistance.
- C.the stern exam for would-be lawyers.
- D.non-professionals' sharp criticism.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'Hindrance to the reform' → 在语篇中定位到 'the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them' → 同义替换为 'the rigid bodies governing the profession' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：法律体系改革的阻碍源于____。正确项：管理该行业的僵化机构。
- A.prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.
- B.bans outsiders' involvement in the profession.
- C.aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.
- D.keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'restrictive' 和 'guild-like ownership structure' → 在语篇中定位到 'Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm' → 同义替换为 'bans outsiders' involvement in the profession' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：行会式的所有权结构被认为是'限制性的'，部分原因是它____。正确项：禁止外行人参与该行业。
- A.the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.
- B.a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it.
- C.the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education.
- D.flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：通览全文结构 → 首段提出美国法律行业问题 → 中间段落分析问题原因（教育成本高、所有权结构限制）→ 后文提及改革建议 → 归纳主旨为'问题与解决方案' → 得出答案
考点：主旨归纳篇章结构
译文：题干：本文中，作者主要讨论____。正确项：美国法律行业的一个问题及其解决方案。
The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. What's not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer- reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research. As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes – both new and old – are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
- A.a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth.
- B.a handsome reward for researchers.
- C.a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.
- D.an example of bankers' investments.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位首段对奖项的描述 → 提取‘lucrative awards for researchers’ → 同义替换为‘handsome reward’ → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：基础物理学奖被视为____。正确答案：对研究者的一项丰厚奖励。
- A.the profit-oriented scientists.
- B.the achievement-based system.
- C.the founders of the new awards.
- D.peer-review-led research.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位批评者观点段落 → 提取‘exercise in self-promotion for those behind them’ → 推断受益者为奖项设立者 → 得出答案
考点：观点态度推断同义替换
译文：批评者认为新奖项最有可能使____受益。正确答案：新奖项的创立者。
- A.legitimate concerns over the new prizes.
- B.controversies over the recipients' status.
- C.the joint effort of modern researchers.
- D.the demonstration of research findings.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Higgs boson发现案例 → 提取其作为‘collaborative nature of modern research’的例证 → 同义替换为‘joint effort’ → 得出答案
考点：细节定位指代衔接
译文：希格斯玻色子的发现是一个典型案例，涉及____。正确答案：现代研究者的共同努力。
- A.History has never cast doubt on them.
- B.Their endurance has done justice to them.
- C.They are the most representative honor.
- D.Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第四段关于诺贝尔奖的论述 → 提取‘Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy’ → 推断其合法性源于时间考验 → 同义替换为‘endurance has done justice’ → 得出答案
考点：推理判断词义猜测
译文：根据第四段，以下哪项关于诺贝尔奖的描述是正确的？正确答案：它们的持久性使其名副其实。
- A.unworthy of public attention.
- B.subject to undesirable changes.
- C.harmful to the culture of research.
- D.acceptable despite the criticism.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位作者总结段落 → 提取‘two things seem clear’及后续对新奖项的正面评价 → 推断作者认为其尽管有批评但仍可接受 → 得出答案
考点：观点态度主旨大意
译文：作者认为新奖项____。正确答案：尽管受到批评，但仍是可接受的。
"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. Unfortunately, despite 21⁄2 years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda. Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas – such as free markets and self- reliance – as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
- A.Critical.
- B.Appreciative.
- C.Contemptuous.
- D.Tolerant.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位首段转折词'Regrettably, however' → 识别作者对报告核心缺陷的批评态度 → 得出答案
考点：观点态度识别转折信号词捕捉
译文：题干：根据第一段，作者对AAAS报告的态度是什么？正确项：批判的。
- A.define the government's role in education.
- B.safeguard individuals' rights to education.
- C.retain people's interest in liberal education.
- D.keep a leading position in liberal education.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第二段'leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters' → 提取信件要求'maintain national excellence' → 同义替换为'keep a leading position' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：国会中有影响力的人物要求AAAS报告如何____。正确项：在博雅教育中保持领先地位。
- A.an exclusive study of American history.
- B.a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.
- C.the application of emerging technologies.
- D.funding for the study of foreign languages.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第三段报告建议部分 → 提取'encourages the use of new digital technologies' → 同义替换为'the application of emerging technologies' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：根据第三段，报告建议____。正确项：应用新兴技术。
- A.supportive of free markets.
- B.conservative about public policy.
- C.biased against classical liberal ideas.
- D.cautious about intellectual investigation.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第五段关于教授的描述 → 提取'biased against classical liberal ideas'的隐含信息 → 推理得出答案
考点：推理判断隐含信息推断
译文：题干：作者在第五段暗示教授们____。正确项：对古典自由主义思想有偏见。
- A.Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"
- B.Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"
- C.The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education
- D.Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：综合全文主旨 → 识别作者对报告的批评核心（illiberal nature of liberal education） → 匹配最佳标题
考点：主旨大意标题概括
译文：题干：以下哪项是本文的最佳标题？正确项：非自由的教育与《问题的核心》。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites. / Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans's interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900. / Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research. / Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed. / In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
这也正是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时,我们所能做的只是把自己对音乐的感受表达出来,而无法真正把握音乐本身。(47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage anessential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
据大家所说,他是一个思想自由的人,也是一个勇敢的人;而我认为,勇气是理解他的作品所必不可少的一种品质,更不用说演奏他的作品了。(48) Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptlyfollowing it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
贝多芬习惯于以极强的力度增大音量,随即又突然转入一个骤然轻柔的乐段,这种手法在他之前的作曲家中极少被采用。(49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rightsand responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
尤为重要的是他对自由的看法。对他而言,这种自由观与个人的权利和责任紧密相关:他主张思想自由和个人表达的自由。(50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, butthe courage to fight it renders life worth living.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
人们可以这样解读贝多芬的大部分作品:苦难是不可避免的,但与苦难抗争的勇气却使生命变得值得度过。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲14 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case itmust, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being.第1段,第2句本句展现了考试中常见的并列转折结构(but 连接两个主句)和情态动词的对比使用(might 与must 的语气差异)。插入语、后置定语、介词短语作状语等都是四六级和考研真题的高频考点。整体句式具有较强的代表性,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句型。Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusivelyphysical: sound.第1段,第3句分号连接两个并列主句、用 "but" 转折的句式在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见,有一定代表性。主系表结构本身是高频句型。但本句的表达风格偏学术抽象(形而上学 vs 物质手段),不如常见议论文或说明文的句式那样典型;冒号后同位语的用法也稍显特殊。I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical messagethrough physical means that is the strength of music.第1段,第4句本句涵盖主谓宾完整结构、宾语从句、强调句式识别、系表结构、多层介词短语作后置定语等多种成分;强调句是易错高频考点,要求学生能用去框架还原法验证,且句中两个介词短语嵌套(ofmetaphysical message through physical means)也是定语划分的常见训练点It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do isarticulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.第1段,第5句本句成分丰富且分布典型:主句包含主系表结构,定语从句中包含主谓宾结构和主系表结构,时间状语从句包含主谓宾结构,还涉及定语从句修饰代词、状语从句插入主谓之间、并列表语等多种成分配置;练习本句可覆盖多种成分识别场景,训练价值较高。By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I findcourage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, ofhis works.第2段,第6句本句覆盖了主系表结构、主谓宾补结构、并列表语、方式状语、目的状语等多种成分类型。第二个主句的复合宾语结构 find courage an essential quality 是一个值得练习的重点,因为很多学习者容易把 courage an essential quality 整体误认为宾语,而没有区分出宾语和宾语补足语。这种易错点具有较好的训练价值。This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers ofBeethoven's music.第3段,第1句主系表结构加后置定语的句式在考试中较为常见,但本句结构过于简单,缺少常考的从句、非谓语、并列等复杂结构特征,作为典型考试句式的代表性一般,更适合作为基础句型示例。His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the useof dynamics.第3段,第2句"demand sb to do sth" 的主谓宾补结构是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式,插入语 "for example" 的用法也频繁出现。掌握本句结构后,可以迁移到大量类似的要求、建议、命令类动词句式(如require、ask、advise 等 + 宾语 + 不定式),代表性较强。Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and thenabruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composersbefore him.第3段,第3句主语部分包含所有格定语、介词短语后置定语、并列动名词短语等多种修饰成分,适合练习长主语的拆解;谓语为被动语态,涉及状语位置和 by 短语的识别;成分种类较丰富,且主语冗长易误判为多个分句,是较好的成分划分练习材料。He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moralbehavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.第4段,第2句本句覆盖主系表结构、并列表语、并列介词宾语、后置定语等多种成分,且包含承前省略和"but"连接表语而非分句这一易错点,适合训练学生区分并列连词的连接对象,以及识别系表结构中的并列表语。Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated withthe rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thoughtand of personal expression.第4段,第3句本句结构训练价值较高,尤其适合练习在插入说明和语序变化中寻找主干;时态难度适中,不会把注意力从结构分析上过多分散,因此很适合作为训练材料。Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were animperative of human existence.第5段,第1句"as if" 引导的虚拟语气状语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的常见结构,用于表达假设或对比。主句的"tend to do" 结构也是高频表达。掌握本句结构后可应用于大量类似句式的理解,迁移性强。For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders thatplague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that maylead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation.第5段,第2句本句覆盖的成分种类丰富:包含主语、谓语、宾语、表语、同位语、状语以及限制性定语从句,且第一个主句的宾语是并列动名词短语,第二个主句包含同位语结构,这些都是常见易错点。句子长度适中,结构层次清晰,适合作为划分成分的练习材料,尤其是同位语和定语从句的识别。It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the EroicaSymphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.第5段,第3句这句在时态上不难,能把注意力集中到结构识别上,适合做“先抓框架、再找主干、再看从属部分”的训练。它兼有强调结构和结果或目的从句,训练收益较高。One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering isinevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.第5段,第4句本句在主干识别上有中等难度,嵌套层次适中,时态语态相对基础,但成分种类丰富且包含多个常考结构,结构典型性高。综合来看,它既不会因过难而打击学习者信心,又能覆盖多个重要语法点,作为"句子结构加时态"训练材料具有较高的综合推荐度,适合作为中级阶段的典型练习句优先使用。HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 52 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。expression B1 view A2n. 表达 n. 观点,看法本篇3 次 · 真题 22 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 91 句physical B1 means A2adj. 身体的 n. 方法本篇2 次 · 真题 40 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 25 句freedom B1 performer B2n. 自由 n. 表演者,演员本篇2 次 · 真题 18 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 15 句convention B2 case A2n. 习俗 n. 情况本篇2 次 · 真题 9 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 75 句tend B1 demand B1v. 倾向于,往往会 v. 坚决要求本篇1 次 · 真题 71 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 63 句individual B2 political B1adj. 单独的 adj. 政治的本篇1 次 · 真题 59 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 54 句behavior B1 significant B2n. 行为 adj. 重要的本篇1 次 · 真题 52 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 47 句define B1 quality A2v. 给......下定义 n. 质量本篇1 次 · 真题 46 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 45 句account A2 sign A1n. 账户 n. 标志本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句affect B1 structure B1v. 影响 n. 结构本篇1 次 · 真题 39 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 36 句moral B2 responsibility B1adj. 道德的 n. 责任本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 32 句importance B1 performance B1n. 重要性 n. 表演本篇1 次 · 真题 31 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 30 句essential B1 associate B2adj. 必不可少的 v. 联系本篇1 次 · 真题 27 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 26 句requirement B2 understanding B1n. 要求 n. 理解;领悟本篇1 次 · 真题 26 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句advocate B2 ignore B1v. 拥护 v. 忽视;不理睬本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句broad B1 concerned B1adj. 宽阔的 adj. 担心的本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句ideal B2 improvement B1adj. 理想的 n. 改进本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句movement B1 politics B1n. 移动 n. 政治本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句wrong A2 inevitable B2adj. 错误的 adj. 必然发生的本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 19 句being B1 reaction B1n. 存在 n. 反应本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句entire B1 precisely B2adj. 整个的 adv. 精确地,准确地本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句interested A1 strength B1adj. 感兴趣的 n. 力量本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句extreme B2 interpret B2adj. 极度的 v. 解释本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句permanent B2 deeply B1adj. 永久的 adv. 深深地本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句disorder B2 dynamics B2n. 疾病 n. 动态本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句rarely B1 volume B1adv. 很少,难得,不常 n. 音量本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 181 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 181 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 13 个 ·约 7%。35% 51% 75% 93% 99% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 181 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖181 7% 75 %考研英语一 2014年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 段落排序 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Dear President, I am a student from the Department of English. I am writing to offer some suggestions on how to improve students' physical condition. To begin with, I would suggest that the university build more sports facilities, such as basketball courts and a swimming pool, so that students have places to exercise. In addition, it would be advisable to organize regular sports activities, like a monthly running competition, to arouse students' interest. Above all, please ensure that everyone enjoys at least one free hour for exercise each day. I sincerely hope these suggestions will be taken into consideration. Thank you for your time. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
The two pictures presented above vividly depict a touching scene of mutual care across generations. In the left one, captioned "Thirty Years Ago", a young mother holds her little daughter's hand as they walk together. In the right one, labelled "Now", that grown-up daughter tenderly supports her aged mother by the arm, and the whole cartoon carries the title "Walking Hand in Hand". Simple as it is, the drawing conveys a profound message about love flowing between family members. Decades ago the mother nurtured her helpless child; today the child, now an adult, returns that devotion by caring for her frail parent. Symbolically, it reveals how care and gratitude are passed on in a family, and how filial duty repays parental love. In my view, this cycle of affection is exactly what holds a family and a society together. As the pace of modern life quickens, some young people neglect their ageing parents, leaving them lonely. Therefore, we should follow the example in the picture: repay our parents with patience and company while there is still time. Only in this way can the warmth of walking hand in hand be carried from one generation to the next.
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