雅思模考影子卷·第3套（AI 生成）及答案解析

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雅思模考影子卷·第3套（AI 生成） · 完整收录

年份考次
AI 年
命题归属
剑桥官方试题
听力
含听力
题量
31 题
满分
56 分
限时
160 分钟
题型结构
Listening Section 3 10 题 10 分 · Reading Passage 1 · Questions 1-7 7 题 7 分 · Reading Passage 1 · Questions 8-13 6 题 6 分 · Reading Passage 2 · Questions 14-19 6 题 6 分 · Reading Passage 2 · Questions 20-26 7 题 7 分 · Reading Passage 3 · Questions 30-36 7 题 7 分 · Reading Passage 3 · Questions 37-40 4 题 4 分 · Writing Task 1 1 题 3 分 · Writing Task 2 1 题 6 分
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第 1 部分 · Listening Section 3（选择题）10 题 · 10 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 10（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Good morning, everyone. Today we're going to look at Antarctic research stations, and why they matter more than you might think. So, Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent on Earth, and it's home to around seventy research stations operated by about thirty countries. These stations aren't just scientific outposts; they're actually tiny communities where people live and work for months at a time. Let's start with the history. The first permanent station was established in 1944, during the Second World War, by the British. Since then, stations have grown in size and sophistication. Modern stations can house up to a hundred and fifty people during the summer season, though numbers drop to just twenty or thirty in the brutal winter months. Now, what do researchers actually do there? Well, the main fields include glaciology, which is the study of ice; meteorology, which looks at weather patterns; and marine biology. One particularly exciting area is ice core drilling. By extracting long cylinders of ice from deep within the glacier, scientists can analyse tiny bubbles of air trapped thousands of years ago. This gives us a direct record of past atmospheric conditions, which is incredibly valuable for understanding climate change. Living conditions, of course, are challenging. Temperatures can plunge to minus eighty degrees Celsius, and during winter, stations are completely cut off from the outside world for months. This isolation means that station design has to be very carefully considered. Many newer stations, like the Halley Research Station, are built on stilts to prevent them from being buried by snow. Others use modular designs so they can be easily moved if the ice beneath them becomes unstable. Finally, there's the question of environmental protection. The Antarctic Treaty, originally signed in 1959, designates the continent as a zone for peaceful scientific cooperation. All activities must minimise their impact on the environment, and waste management is a huge priority. Everything brought to the station must be taken away again, which makes logistics incredibly complex and expensive. So, Antarctic research stations represent a remarkable human achievement — combining cutting-edge science with survival in one of the harshest environments on the planet.

1. According to the lecture, how many people typically remain at an Antarctic station during winter?
  1. A.Up to a hundred and fifty
  2. B.Around seventy
  3. C.About twenty or thirty
  4. D.Approximately thirty countries
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：脚本中提到夏季可容纳一百五十人，冬季人数降至二十到三十人，直接对应选项C。

考点：numbers drop to just twenty or thirty in the brutal winter months

译文：根据讲座，南极研究站冬季通常有多少人留守？正确项：大约二十到三十人。

2. What is the main purpose of ice core drilling mentioned in the lecture?
  1. A.To study marine life beneath the ice sheets
  2. B.To analyse air bubbles from past atmospheres
  3. C.To measure current wind speeds on the continent
  4. D.To determine the depth of the Antarctic glacier
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：脚本指出冰芯中的气泡可分析古代大气条件，对应B。

考点：analyse tiny bubbles of air trapped thousands of years ago

译文：讲座中提到冰芯钻探的主要目的是什么？正确项：分析古代大气中的气泡。

3. Why are many newer stations, such as Halley, built on stilts?
  1. A.To provide a better view of the surrounding landscape
  2. B.To allow easier access for supply vehicles
  3. C.To prevent them from being buried by snow
  4. D.To reduce heat loss during the winter months
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：脚本明确说明建在高脚上是为了防止被雪掩埋。

考点：built on stilts to prevent them from being buried by snow

译文：为什么许多新站点，如哈利站，要建在高脚柱上？正确项：防止被雪掩埋。

4. According to the Antarctic Treaty, what must all activities in Antarctica do?
  1. A.Be approved by the United Nations
  2. B.Minimise their impact on the environment
  3. C.Focus exclusively on military research
  4. D.Be funded by at least three countries
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：脚本提到条约要求所有活动尽量减少对环境的影响。

考点：All activities must minimise their impact on the environment

译文：根据《南极条约》，所有在南极的活动必须做什么？正确项：尽量减少对环境的影响。

5. What does the speaker say about waste management at Antarctic stations?
  1. A.It is considered a minor concern
  2. B.All waste is stored on the continent permanently
  3. C.Everything brought in must be removed again
  4. D.Waste is incinerated to generate heat
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：脚本指出所有带到站点的东西都必须带走，废物管理是优先事项。

考点：Everything brought to the station must be taken away again

译文：讲话者关于南极站点的废物管理说了什么？正确项：所有带入的东西都必须再次带走。

6. When was the first permanent Antarctic research station established?
  1. A.In 1944
  2. B.In 1959
  3. C.During the Second World War's end in 1945
  4. D.In the early 1900s
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：脚本明确说第一个永久站点建于1944年，由英国建立。

考点：The first permanent station was established in 1944

译文：第一个永久性南极研究站是什么时候建立的？正确项：1944年。

7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a main research field at Antarctic stations?
  1. A.Glaciology
  2. B.Meteorology
  3. C.Marine biology
  4. D.Astrophysics
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：脚本列举了冰川学、气象学和海洋生物学，未提及天体物理学。

考点：glaciology, meteorology, marine biology

译文：以下哪项未被提及为南极站点的主要研究领域？正确项：天体物理学。

8. What does the speaker say about the winter conditions at Antarctic stations?
  1. A.Stations remain fully operational year-round with no disruption
  2. B.Stations are completely cut off from the outside world for months
  3. C.Temperatures rarely drop below minus forty degrees
  4. D.Staff rotate every two weeks to avoid isolation
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：脚本提到冬季站点与外界完全隔绝数月。

考点：during winter, stations are completely cut off from the outside world for months

译文：讲话者关于南极站点的冬季条件说了什么？正确项：冬季站点与外界完全隔绝数月。

9. According to the speaker, why is logistics at Antarctic stations so complex and expensive?
  1. A.Because all equipment must be flown in by helicopter
  2. B.Because stations are located in mountainous terrain
  3. C.Because everything must be removed again due to environmental rules
  4. D.Because staff require special medical training
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：脚本指出由于环境规则，所有东西必须运走，导致物流复杂昂贵。

考点：Everything brought to the station must be taken away again, which makes logistics incredibly complex and expensive

译文：根据讲话者，为什么南极站点的物流如此复杂和昂贵？正确项：由于环境规则，所有东西都必须再次运走。

10. What is the main idea of this lecture?
  1. A.Antarctic research stations combine scientific work with survival in extreme conditions
  2. B.Antarctic stations are mainly used for military purposes
  3. C.The Antarctic Treaty prohibits all scientific research on the continent
  4. D.Antarctic research is no longer relevant to modern climate science
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：结尾总结句指出南极站点代表了人类将尖端科学与极端环境生存相结合的成就。

考点：Antarctic research stations represent a remarkable human achievement — combining cutting-edge science with survival in one of the harshest environments

译文：本讲座的主旨是什么？正确项：南极研究站将科学工作与极端环境下的生存相结合。

第 2 部分 · Reading Passage 1 · Questions 1-71 题 · 7 分

Reading Passage 1 · Questions 1-7

Over the past two decades, adult education has shifted from evening classes in local schools to more flexible, technology-mediated formats. One notable trend is the rise of micro-credentials, short courses that certify specific skills and can be [11] to larger qualifications. Another is the growing preference for self-paced learning, which allows employees to study around full-time work. Universities have responded by [12] online platforms that blend synchronous seminars with asynchronous tasks. At the same time, governments increasingly emphasise [13] for low-skilled adults, since participation remains uneven across income groups. Employers, too, are investing in training, though many still [14] the cost of releasing staff for long programmes. Research suggests that motivation is the strongest predictor of completion, ahead of prior academic achievement. Consequently, providers are redesigning courses to [15] learners' immediate goals rather than abstract long-term benefits. Some critics argue that this market-driven approach may [16] the broader civic purpose of education. Nevertheless, the sector continues to expand, and policy makers are urged to ensure that access is not [17] by digital or financial barriers.
参考答案与解析

答案：11-stacked　12-developing　13-access　14-question　15-align with　16-undermine　17-restricted

解析：11 空 空前的 can be 与空后的 to larger qualifications 提示需要一个过去分词，构成被动含义，表示微证书可以「叠加」到更大资格上。原文语义对应 stack to，因此填 stacked。
12 空 Universities have responded by 后需要动名词，表示大学通过「开发」在线平台来回应。后文 online platforms 是宾语，developing 符合搭配。
13 空 governments increasingly emphasise 后需要名词，结合 for low-skilled adults 和下文 participation remains uneven，可知强调低技能成年人的「机会/参与途径」，access 最贴切。
14 空 though 表示转折，many still 后需要动词原形，宾语为 the cost，语义上表示雇主仍「质疑/考虑」让员工长期脱产的成本，question 符合学术语境。
15 空 to 后需要动词原形，宾语为 learners' immediate goals，rather than 后对比 abstract long-term benefits，说明课程设计要「与学习者的即时目标一致」，align with 最符合。
16 空 may 后需要动词原形，宾语为 the broader civic purpose，批评者认为市场驱动方式可能「削弱」教育的更广泛公民目的，undermine 符合语义。
17 空 is not 后需要过去分词构成被动，by digital or financial barriers 表示被数字或经济障碍所「限制」，restricted 符合搭配和语义。

考点：be stacked tomicro-credentials被动语态respond by doingdevelop online platforms动名词作介词宾语emphasise accessaccess for low-skilled adultsparticipationquestion the costthough many still动词原形align with goalsrather thanundermine the purposemarket-driven approachmay + 动词原形be restricted bydigital or financial barriers

译文：一个显著趋势是微证书的兴起，这些短期课程认证特定技能，并且可以叠加到更大的资格证书上。

第 3 部分 · Reading Passage 1 · Questions 8-136 题 · 6 分

18. What is the main focus of the second paragraph?
  1. A.The distribution and ecological role of microplastics in the ocean.
  2. B.The manufacturing process of microbeads in cosmetics.
  3. C.The chemical composition of persistent organic pollutants.
  4. D.The difficulty of cleaning up large plastic debris.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：本题考查段落主旨。第二段提到微塑料在海洋中无处不在（ubiquitous），洋流将其分布到偏远海域，且它们为微生物提供了新的附着基质（substrate），可能促进入侵物种的传播。综合来看，该段主要讨论微塑料的分布及其生态作用。

考点：ubiquitousocean currents distributenovel substratefacilitating the transport of invasive species

译文：题干：第二段的主要焦点是什么？正确项A：微塑料在海洋中的分布及其生态作用。

19. According to the passage, why are microplastics considered a more 'insidious' threat than larger debris?
  1. A.They are much more difficult to see and remove from the water.
  2. B.They are produced by the cosmetics industry.
  3. C.They are distributed by ocean currents to remote areas.
  4. D.They are less harmful to marine animals than larger debris.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：本题考查词义推断及细节理解。文中第一段末尾提到微塑料是“a more insidious threat lies beneath the surface”（潜伏在水面下的更阴险的威胁），结合第二段提到的“ubiquitous”（无处不在）以及它们极小的直径（less than five millimetres），可以推断出其隐蔽性和难以清除是其被称为“insidious”的原因。

考点：a more insidious threatlies beneath the surfaceless than five millimetres in diameter

译文：题干：根据文章，为什么微塑料比大型垃圾被认为是更“阴险”的威胁？正确项A：它们更难被看见并从水中清除。

20. The word 'adsorb' in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
  1. A.release
  2. B.attach to the surface of
  3. C.dissolve into
  4. D.break down
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：本题考查根据上下文猜测词义。第三段提到塑料从周围海水中吸附（adsorb）持久性有机污染物，并在其表面浓缩（concentrating these toxic substances on their surfaces）。根据后文的“concentrating... on their surfaces”可以推断adsorb意为“吸附于表面”。

考点：adsorb persistent organic pollutantsconcentrating these toxic substances on their surfaces

译文：题干：第三段中的单词‘adsorb’在意思上最接近______。正确项B：附着在……表面。

21. What is the significance of 'trophic transfer' mentioned in the passage?
  1. A.It allows toxins to accumulate in organisms higher up the food chain.
  2. B.It describes the process of plastic breaking down into smaller pieces.
  3. C.It refers to the transport of invasive species by ocean currents.
  4. D.It is a method used to clean up microplastics from the ocean.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：本题考查对文中特定概念的理解。第三段末尾提到“This process, known as trophic transfer, allows toxins to move up the food chain, eventually reaching apex predators...”（这一过程被称为营养级传递，使得毒素沿食物链向上移动，最终到达顶级捕食者……）。因此，其重要性在于毒素在食物链高营养级生物中的积累。

考点：trophic transferallows toxins to move up the food chainreaching apex predators

译文：题干：文中提到的‘trophic transfer’（营养级传递）有什么重要意义？正确项A：它使得毒素在食物链高层的生物体内积累。

22. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a preventative measure against plastic pollution?
  1. A.Promoting a circular economy.
  2. B.Stricter regulations on industrial waste.
  3. C.Developing biodegradable alternatives.
  4. D.Increasing the production of microbeads.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：本题考查细节捕捉与排除。最后一段列举了预防措施：开发可降解替代品（biodegradable alternatives）、更严格的工业废物排放法规（stricter regulations on industrial waste discharge）以及促进循环经济（circular economy）。选项D“增加微珠生产”不仅未提及，且与减少污染的目标背道而驰。

考点：preemptive measuresbiodegradable alternativesstricter regulationscircular economy

译文：题干：以下哪一项未被提及为防止塑料污染的预防措施？正确项D：增加微珠的生产。

23. What is the author's attitude towards the future of marine plastic pollution?
  1. A.Pessimistic, as the oceans are too vast to ever be cleaned.
  2. B.Optimistic, believing that technology will solve the problem soon.
  3. C.Cautiously concerned, emphasizing the need for systemic changes.
  4. D.Indifferent, viewing it as a natural part of the ecosystem.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：本题考查作者态度。文章最后一段指出，虽然清理工作正在进行，但成本高且效率低，因此科学界和政策制定者正转向预防措施。作者最后强调“Without such systemic changes, the proliferation of microplastics will continue to compromise marine ecosystems...”（如果没有这些系统性的改变，微塑料的扩散将继续损害海洋生态系统……）。这表明作者持谨慎担忧的态度，并强调系统性改变的必要性。

考点：increasingly focusing on preventative measuresWithout such systemic changeswill continue to compromise marine ecosystems

译文：题干：作者对海洋塑料污染的未来持什么态度？正确项C：谨慎担忧，强调需要系统性的改变。

第 4 部分 · Reading Passage 2 · Questions 14-196 题 · 6 分

24. What is the primary distinction between vertical farming and traditional agriculture mentioned in the passage?
  1. A.Vertical farming uses genetically modified seeds while traditional farming does not.
  2. B.Vertical farming cultivates crops in stacked layers indoors rather than on horizontal fields.
  3. C.Vertical farming is exclusively used for growing staple crops like wheat.
  4. D.Vertical farming relies entirely on natural sunlight for photosynthesis.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位第一段，对比 vertical farming 与 traditional agriculture 的定义差异。

考点：Unlike traditional agriculturestacked layers within controlled indoor environments

译文：题干：文章中提到的垂直农业与传统农业的主要区别是什么？正确项：垂直农业在室内的分层结构中种植作物，而不是在水平田地上。

25. According to the passage, how do vertical farms typically provide nutrients to plants?
  1. A.By using nutrient-rich water solutions instead of soil.
  2. B.By applying large amounts of chemical fertilizers to the soil.
  3. C.By allowing roots to grow deep into the earth for natural minerals.
  4. D.By exposing plants to natural rainfall and weather conditions.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位第二段关于 hydroponics 和 aeroponics 的描述。

考点：soil-less cultivationnutrient-rich water solutionseliminating the need for soil

译文：题干：根据文章，垂直农场通常如何为植物提供养分？正确项：使用富含营养的水溶液而不是土壤。

26. What is stated as a potential drawback of vertical farming regarding its environmental impact?
  1. A.It requires excessive amounts of water compared to field farming.
  2. B.It produces food that is less nutritious than traditional crops.
  3. C.High energy consumption from artificial lighting may increase carbon footprint.
  4. D.It contributes to soil erosion and land degradation.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位第四段关于能源消耗和碳足迹的讨论。

考点：immense energy requirementcarbon footprintexceed that of field-grown alternatives

译文：题干：文章指出垂直农业在环境影响方面的一个潜在缺点是什么？正确项：人工照明的高能耗可能会增加碳足迹。

27. The word 'curtailed' in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to:
  1. A.increased
  2. B.reduced
  3. C.measured
  4. D.distributed
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：根据上下文推断词义，前文提到运输距离缩短，故碳排放应减少。

考点：drastically curtailedcarbon emissions associated with long-distance transportation

译文：题干：第三段中的单词「curtailed」最接近的意思是：正确项：减少。

28. Why does the author mention wheat and rice in the fourth paragraph?
  1. A.To illustrate that vertical farming is highly profitable for these crops.
  2. B.To explain why vertical farming struggles to compete economically with traditional farming on staples.
  3. C.To show that these crops grow best in soil-less environments.
  4. D.To demonstrate that vertical farming has replaced these crops in urban areas.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：分析作者提及 wheat and rice 的写作意图，结合上下文的经济成本讨论。

考点：high capital expendituredifficult for vertical farming to compete economically

译文：题干：作者在第四段提到小麦和水稻的原因是什么？正确项：解释为什么垂直农业在主食作物上难以与传统农业进行经济竞争。

29. What is the author's overall attitude towards vertical farming as presented in the passage?
  1. A.Entirely negative, viewing it as an impractical technological fad.
  2. B.Overwhelmingly positive, believing it will fully replace traditional agriculture soon.
  3. C.Neutral and balanced, acknowledging both its potential benefits and current limitations.
  4. D.Indifferent, considering it irrelevant to future food security.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：综合全文语气，作者既列举了优势也指出了局限，最后给出客观评价。

考点：complementary approachmay not replace conventional agriculture entirelycould bolster local food resilience

译文：题干：文章中作者对垂直农业的总体态度是什么？正确项：中立且平衡，既承认其潜在优势也指出当前局限。

第 5 部分 · Reading Passage 2 · Questions 20-261 题 · 7 分

Reading Passage 2 · Questions 20-26

The digitisation of museum collections has transformed public access to cultural heritage. High-resolution imaging allows artefacts to be examined remotely, reducing the need for physical handling. Many institutions now offer [30] tours, enabling visitors to navigate galleries from home. However, critics argue that digital replicas cannot convey the [31] presence of original objects. Funding remains a persistent challenge, as digitisation projects require substantial investment in [32] and skilled personnel. Some museums have adopted [33] partnerships with technology firms to offset costs. Despite these efforts, the long-term [34] of digital archives is uncertain, particularly regarding format obsolescence. Proponents counter that digitisation enhances [35] by supporting research and education. Ultimately, the success of such initiatives depends on sustained [36] commitment and international cooperation.
参考答案与解析

答案：30-virtual　31-physical　32-infrastructure　33-public-private　34-preservation　35-accessibility　36-political

解析：30 空 根据语境，数字博物馆提供远程参观服务，此处应填入表示「虚拟」的形容词修饰 tours。
31 空 前文提到减少实物接触，批评者认为数字复制品无法传达原作的「实体」存在感。
32 空 资金挑战涉及投资于某物和人员，此处应为与 personnel 并列的名词，指「基础设施」。
33 空 与科技公司合作以分担成本，常见搭配为「公私合作伙伴关系」。
34 空 后文提到格式过时问题，此处讨论数字档案的长期「保存」不确定性。
35 空 支持者反驳说数字化通过支持研究和教育来增强「可及性」。
36 空 成功取决于持续的某种承诺和国际合作，此处应填入与国际合作相关的形容词「政治的」。

考点：virtual toursphysical presenceinvestment in infrastructurepublic-private partnershipslong-term preservationenhances accessibilitypolitical commitment

译文：许多机构现在提供虚拟导览，使访客能够从家中浏览展厅。

第 6 部分 · Reading Passage 3 · Questions 30-361 题 · 7 分

Reading Passage 3 · Questions 30-36

The gig economy, characterised by short-term, flexible jobs mediated through digital platforms, has grown rapidly in recent years. Economists note that while such arrangements can offer workers greater autonomy and [37], they often lack the stability and benefits associated with traditional employment. A key concern is that gig workers are frequently classified as independent contractors, which means they are not entitled to minimum wage, paid leave, or [38]. This classification also shifts the burden of taxes and insurance onto the individual, reducing [39] for many households. From a macroeconomic perspective, the gig economy may boost labour market [40] by matching supply and demand more efficiently. However, critics argue that it can also lead to [41], as companies avoid the costs of formal employment. Policymakers are therefore urged to [42] existing labour laws to reflect these new working patterns. Ultimately, the debate centres on how to balance flexibility with [43], ensuring that gig workers are not left without adequate protection.
参考答案与解析

答案：37-flexibility　38-sick pay　39-disposable income　40-efficiency　41-inequality　42-update　43-protection

解析：37 空 空格前有 greater autonomy and，并列结构提示所填词与 autonomy 语义相近，且为积极方面；后文提到缺乏稳定性，形成对比。结合语境，gig economy 常被提及的优点是灵活性，故填 flexibility。
38 空 空格前列举了 minimum wage, paid leave, or，均为传统就业福利；or 连接并列成分，需填同类福利。独立承包商不享有带薪病假，故填 sick pay。
39 空 空格前 reducing 表示负面影响，主语是税收和保险负担转移到个人，这会减少家庭的可支配收入。结合 household 一词，填 disposable income。
40 空 空格前 boost labour market 表示提升劳动力市场的某种积极指标；后文 matching supply and demand more efficiently 中的 efficiently 提示所填名词为 efficiency。
41 空 空格前 lead to 表示导致某种负面结果；后文 companies avoid the costs of formal employment 暗示企业规避成本，可能加剧不平等。故填 inequality。
42 空 空格前 urged to 表示呼吁采取行动；宾语是 existing labour laws，to reflect these new working patterns 表示目的，因此需要更新法律。填 update。
43 空 空格前 balance flexibility with 表示在灵活性与另一事物之间平衡；后文 ensuring that gig workers are not left without adequate protection 中的 protection 提示答案。

考点：greater autonomy and flexibilityflexible jobsminimum wage, paid leave, or sick paybenefits associated with traditional employmentreducing disposable incomeburden of taxes and insuranceboost labour market efficiencymatching supply and demandlead to inequalityavoid the costs of formal employmentupdate existing labour lawsreflect new working patternsbalance flexibility with protectionadequate protection

译文：经济学家指出，虽然这种安排可以为工人提供更大的自主权和灵活性，但它们往往缺乏与传统就业相关的稳定性和福利。

第 7 部分 · Reading Passage 3 · Questions 37-404 题 · 4 分

44. What is the main cause of the decrease in ocean pH mentioned in the passage?
  1. A.The release of industrial pollutants into coastal waters.
  2. B.The absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by seawater.
  3. C.The rising global temperatures affecting surface waters.
  4. D.The natural chemical weathering of rocks on the ocean floor.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：根据第一段内容，海洋酸化是由于海洋吸收了大气中的二氧化碳，二氧化碳溶解在海水中形成碳酸，从而导致pH值下降。

考点：uptake of carbon dioxideabsorbs about a quarter of the CO2dissolves in seawater

译文：题干：文中提到的海洋pH值下降的主要原因是什么？正确项：海水吸收了大气中的二氧化碳。

45. Why are calcifying organisms particularly at risk due to ocean acidification?
  1. A.They are unable to adapt to the rising temperatures of the ocean.
  2. B.They are directly targeted by new marine predators.
  3. C.The chemical composition of the water hinders their structural formation.
  4. D.They rely on a food source that is disappearing rapidly.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：第二段指出，随着海水酸化，碳酸根离子浓度降低，使得这些生物在化学层面上更难构建和维持其外壳和骨骼结构。

考点：concentration of carbonate ions decreaseschemically more difficultbuild and maintain their structures

译文：题干：为什么钙化生物因海洋酸化而面临特别大的风险？正确项：水的化学成分阻碍了它们结构的形成。

46. The phrase 'evil twin' in the first paragraph is used to suggest that ocean acidification is:
  1. A.a phenomenon that is entirely natural and unavoidable.
  2. B.a harmful issue linked to the same root cause as global warming.
  3. C.a problem that is more dangerous than climate change itself.
  4. D.a situation that affects only specific regions of the world.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：文中提到海洋酸化常被称为气候变化的「邪恶双胞胎」，暗示两者同源（都与二氧化碳排放有关），且同样具有危害性。

考点：often described astwin of climate changecaused by the uptake of carbon dioxide

译文：题干：第一段中的「evil twin」一词用于暗示海洋酸化是：正确项：一个与全球变暖有相同根源的有害问题。

47. According to the final paragraph, what is the most likely outcome if CO2 emissions are not reduced?
  1. A.Marine ecosystems will recover on their own over time.
  2. B.The effects will be limited to the loss of shellfish populations.
  3. C.Marine life will suffer permanent and severe alterations.
  4. D.Scientists will be unable to predict the long-term impacts.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：最后一段指出，如果不显著减少全球二氧化碳排放，海洋生态系统将面临深刻且可能不可逆转的变化。

考点：without significant reductionsprofound and potentially irreversible changes

译文：题干：根据最后一段，如果不减少二氧化碳排放，最可能的结果是什么？正确项：海洋生物将遭受永久且严重的改变。

第 8 部分 · Writing Task 1（150 词）1 题 · 3 分

The chart below shows the percentage of households in four different countries (Country A, Country B, Country C, and Country D) that had access to the internet at home in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Data description (percentage of households with home internet access): - Country A: 2000: 5%, 2005: 35%, 2010: 65%, 2015: 85% - Country B: 2000: 10%, 2005: 40%, 2010: 60%, 2015: 75% - Country C: 2000: 2%, 2005: 15%, 2010: 45%, 2015: 70% - Country D: 2000: 1%, 2005: 8%, 2010: 30%, 2015: 55% Write a report describing the information shown in the chart. You should write at least 150 words.

词数要求：150 词以上 · 3 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The line graph illustrates the proportion of households with home internet access in four countries—Country A, Country B, Country C and Country D—over a fifteen-year period from 2000 to 2015. Overall, all four countries experienced a substantial upward trend in home internet penetration, with Country A consistently leading and Country D lagging behind throughout the period. In 2000, internet access was relatively rare across all nations. Country B recorded the highest figure at 10 per cent, followed by Country A at 5 per cent, while Countries C and D had negligible rates of 2 per cent and 1 per cent respectively. By 2005, significant growth was evident; Country A surged to 35 per cent, overtaking Country B, which stood at 40 per cent. Countries C and D also improved, reaching 15 per cent and 8 per cent respectively. From 2010 onwards, the gap between the leading and lagging countries widened. Country A climbed sharply to 65 per cent in 2010 and peaked at 85 per cent by 2015. Country B showed steadier growth, reaching 60 per cent in 2010 and 75 per cent in 2015. Meanwhile, Country C experienced rapid acceleration, jumping from 45 per cent in 2010 to 70 per cent in 2015, nearly catching up with Country B. Country D, although still the lowest, demonstrated notable progress, rising from 30 per cent to 55 per cent over the same five-year span. In summary, home internet adoption increased dramatically in all four countries, though the pace of growth varied considerably.

第 9 部分 · Writing Task 2（250 词）1 题 · 6 分

Some people believe that the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and automation will ultimately reduce the need for human workers in most industries, while others argue that technology will always create new types of employment and therefore should be embraced rather than feared. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

词数要求：250 词以上 · 6 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The relentless march of artificial intelligence and automation has ignited a fierce debate about the future of human employment. While some commentators warn of widespread technological unemployment, others contend that history demonstrates technology's capacity to generate novel job categories. In my view, although automation will inevitably displace certain roles, it will simultaneously create new opportunities, provided societies invest adequately in education and retraining. Those who fear mass unemployment point to the unprecedented speed and scope of current technological change. Unlike previous industrial revolutions that primarily affected manual labour, modern AI encroaches upon cognitive tasks once considered the exclusive domain of professionals such as lawyers, radiologists, and financial analysts. When algorithms can diagnose diseases, draft legal documents, and manage investment portfolios more efficiently and cheaply than humans, the economic incentive to retain human workers diminishes sharply. Consequently, entire sectors may contract, leaving millions without viable employment prospects. Conversely, proponents of technological optimism highlight the historical pattern whereby innovation destroys old jobs yet births entirely new industries. The rise of the internet, for instance, eliminated certain clerical and retail positions but spawned vast ecosystems of digital marketing, app development, and e-commerce entrepreneurship. Similarly, automation is likely to generate demand for roles in AI ethics, robotics maintenance, data curation, and human-machine interface design. Moreover, as productivity increases and costs fall, disposable incomes rise, stimulating demand in service sectors such as healthcare, education, and creative arts, which remain resistant to full automation. In my opinion, the truth lies between these extremes. Technology will unquestionably render many current occupations obsolete, but it will also create opportunities that we cannot yet envision. The critical factor is whether governments and educational institutions can adapt swiftly enough. If curricula emphasise critical thinking, creativity, and digital literacy, and if lifelong learning programmes are accessible, workers can transition into emerging fields rather than being left behind. In conclusion, while automation poses genuine challenges to employment, it is neither an existential threat nor an unqualified blessing. With proactive policy-making and educational reform, societies can harness technological progress to enhance rather than diminish human prosperity.

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