2015年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

The first of this year's Nobel prizes has been awarded for medicine, and it has gone to three researchers for work against parasitic diseases. The Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institute has today awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with one half jointly to William C. Campbell and Satoshi Omura for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites and the other half to Youyou Tu for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria. Youyou Tu's discovery is perhaps the most remarkable. As a Chinese woman working in China, and using traditional Chinese medical records, she rediscovered an ancient plant-based treatment for malaria that worked where modern therapies failed. Campbell and Omura's was a more hi-tech approach against the debilitating roundworm, which can harm cash crops and infect and kill humans almost anywhere in the world. researchers for work against parasitic diseases.

"Under certain circumstances, liquid water has been found on Mars." This was the out of this world announcement from NASA following years of exploration on the Red Planet. Scientists revealed salty water may flow on the planet's surface during its summer months. Different soil samples were found to be moist and full of water. Dark streaks, known as recurring slope lineae, or RSL, are now known to have been caused by flowing water. "These discoveries are very important, but they were only part of the hydrological cycle on Mars that we are just now beginning to understand. What we are going to announce today is that Mars is not that dry planet we thought of in the past." So what does this tell us about potential life on Mars? Exploration by the Curiosity Rover proves that billions of years ago it was once a planet similar to Earth. But could the planet support life today? Scientists say, technologically, we will now be able to answer those questions. world announcement from NASA following years of exploration on the Red Planet.

A Florida gun-rights supporter remained in the hospital Friday three days after she was shot by her 4- year-old son. Jamie Gilt, 31, was shot in the back while driving her pick-up truck on Tuesday, police said. A Facebook page, listed under Gilt's name, included this message one day before Tuesday's shooting: "If someone breaks into my house, or tries to harm me or my family pretty anywhere, they will be shot and most likely killed. It's my right to protect my life." The pro-gun rights Facebook page has been taken down. The sheriff's department said it is investigating how the mother stored the gun. Florida law makes it a crime to store a loaded weapon in such a way that it can be taken or used by a child, according to the sheriff's department. "Detectives have not been able to interview the victim and any decision on the filing of criminal charges will not come until after we speak with the victim," the sheriff's department said. The victim's 4-year-old son is being cared for by relatives, the sheriff's department said. On Thursday, the Associated Press reported that Gilt was in stable condition at a Florida hospital. by her 4-year-old son.

M: When I say I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons. W: The seasons? M: Yeah, you know, how cold it is in winter, what it's like when the days are so short. W: So what is it like? M: Well, it is cold, very cold in winter, sometimes as cold as 26 degrees below centigrade. And of course when you go out, you wrap up warm. But inside, in the houses it's always very warm, much warmer than at home. Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in a good winter. W: And what about the darkness? M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time there's only one hour of daylight, so you really look forward to the spring. It is sometimes a bit depressing. But you see the summers are amazing. From May to July in the North of Sweden, the sun never sets. It's still light at midnight. You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper. W: Oh, yeah, "the land of the midnight sun". M: That's right, but it's wonderful. You want to stay up all night, and the Swedes make the most of it. Often they start work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings. They'd like to work hard, but play hard, too. I think Londoners work longer hours, but I'm not sure this is a good thing. good winter.

W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job? M: That's a very good question, I don't think there is any, specifically. W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background? M: Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham. After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people here at the university. Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side, then I progressed on to universities. So there wasn't any plan and there was no specific training. There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now. W: But in the first place, you did a French degree. M: In my time, there wasn't a degree you could do for administration. I think most of the administrators I've come across have degrees in all sorts of things. W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn't really expect to end up doing what I'm doing now. M: Quite. W: Were you local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University? M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from West Yorkshire. Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list. And I like the look of it. The campus is just beautiful. W: Yes, indeed, Let's see. Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire? M: Yes, from the Woolen District.

While Gail Obcamp, an American artist, was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners had their eyes closed. Were they turned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form? Were they deliberately trying to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful. Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes to enhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words. Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of a minority group in North America. Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings. Here are some examples. In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval, while in other countries it is a form of insult. painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners had their eyes closed.

Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his division at Taxalong Company. He's soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year. Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting. Chris has made several changes for his division in the past year. First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments. He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them. Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves. The training saved time for the employees and money for the company. Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year. Two employees that Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them. Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be opened in a few months, and he would like to be promoted to the job, Chris knows, however, that someone else wants the new job, too. Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another division of the company. She has also made several changes over the year. Chris knows that his boss likes Kim's work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers. Taxalong Company.

Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom. They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life. Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture. Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act. Understanding your own cultural values is important too. If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier. Many proverbs are very old. So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were. For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb "Haste makes waste", because patience is not important to them. But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today. Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb "Time is money" is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before. A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures. In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently. values that are important in the culture.