2015年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2015年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2015 年 · 6月·第2套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2015年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Thousands of rail passengers in China were prevented from leaving after adverse weather delayed trains. In what's known as the world's largest annual mass migration, millions of people are heading back to families for the start of the Chinese New Year holiday, which is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. One stranded passenger says the train schedule has changed three times. He says at first it changed to 9 p.m. then 10 p.m., now it says it's delayed and the time of departure is undecided. More than 55,000 passengers were left stranded at this station in the south of the country after a rare snowfall delayed trains. Chinese travelers are expected to make 2.9 billion trips during the 40-day period which started two weeks ago. Most of those trips will fall around next Monday's Lunar New Year. a rare snowfall delayed trains.

1. Why were many passengers stranded at the railway station?
  1. A.Because too many passengers headed home.
  2. B.Because there was a terrible train accident.
  3. C.Because a rare snowfall delayed trains.
  4. D.Because all trains were delayed.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词'stranded' → 在语篇中定位到'after a rare snowfall delayed trains' → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：为什么许多乘客滞留在火车站？正确项C：因为一场罕见的大雪延误了火车。

2. When is this year's Chinese New Year according to the news report?
  1. A.Two weeks ago.
  2. B.40 days later.
  3. C.After the snowfall.
  4. D.Next Monday.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词'Chinese New Year' → 在语篇中定位到'Most of those trips will fall around next Monday's Lunar New Year' → 同义替换为选项D

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：根据新闻报道，今年的中国新年是什么时候？正确项D：下周一。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The United States has experienced a decline in happiness during the past ten years although it remains among the world's happiest countries. The World Happiness Report found that Americans showed "significant decreases" in happiness from 2005 to 2007 and again from 2013 to 2015. The happiest country in the world was Denmark, according to the report. The top 10 happiest countries also included Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia and Sweden. Greece had the largest drop in the survey. Researchers blamed the drop on the debt crisis and high unemployment in the country. In 2014, the Pew Research Center compiled a life satisfaction poll. In that survey, a top conclusion was that richer countries were happier than poor countries. The Pew research said Asians and Africans are the most optimistic people about their futures. Money was a big factor driving happiness, but it was not the most important according to the Pew organization. The majority of those asked thought good health, quality education for their children and safety from crime were more important than wealth.

3. Which country experienced the biggest decline in happiness according to the survey?
  1. A.The United States.
  2. B.Greek.
  3. C.Iceland.
  4. D.Netherlands.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词'biggest decline' → 在语篇中定位到'Greece had the largest drop in the survey' → 同义替换为选项B

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：根据调查，哪个国家的幸福感下降幅度最大？正确项B：希腊。

4. What is this news report mainly about?
  1. A.The decline of happiness in the U.S.
  2. B.The optimistic future of Asians and Africans.
  3. C.The life satisfaction in different countries
  4. D.The driving factors to happiness.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：综合语篇中提及的美国幸福感下降、最幸福国家名单、希腊降幅最大、以及Pew调查关于生活满意度的结论 → 归纳出核心话题是不同国家的生活满意度 → 同义替换为选项C

考点：主旨大意归纳概括

译文：题干：这则新闻报道主要关于什么？正确项C：不同国家的生活满意度。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Scientists found sea levels are rising faster today than any time over the past 3,000 years. The sea level researchers gathered information going back 28 centuries. Their findings were released Monday by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Robert Kopp, from Rutgers University in New Jersey, is the paper's lead author. He said the 20th century rise was "extraordinary" when compared to the past 3,000 years. And Kopp said, "The rise over the last two decades has been even faster." When temperatures rise, so do sea levels. That is because snow and ice melt, or break off from glaciers. They flow into the sea. The increased water makes the sea levels rise. The best estimates show that temperatures around the Earth have risen more than a half-degree Celsius since 1880. Scientists say that most of that rise is because of emissions, or gases released into the air by machines that humans have built. And it is not going to get better. "The water is going to rise," said Stefan Rahmstorf. He is a professor of ocean physics at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany and the study's co-author. sea levels are rising faster today than any time over the past 3,000 years.

5. What is the research mainly about?
  1. A.The types of gases released into the air.
  2. B.The fast-rising sea level.
  3. C.The causes of breaking-off of the glaciers.
  4. D.Climate impact on the temperature.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：综合语篇首句'Scientists found sea levels are rising faster today than any time over the past 3,000 years'及后续解释 → 归纳出核心话题是海平面上升速度加快 → 同义替换为选项B

考点：主旨大意归纳概括

译文：题干：这项研究主要关于什么？正确项B：快速上升的海平面。

6. Who is the paper's lead author?
  1. A.Stefan Rahmstorf from the Climate Impact Research Center.
  2. B.Stefan Rahmstorf from the Potsdam Institute.
  3. C.Robert Kopp from National Academy of Sciences.
  4. D.Robert Kopp from Rutgers University.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'lead author' → 匹配录音中 'Robert Kopp... is the paper's lead author' → 确认其所属机构为 'Rutgers University' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位人物身份与机构匹配

译文：题干：谁是这篇论文的第一作者？正确项：来自罗格斯大学的罗伯特·科普。

7. Since when have the temperatures around the Earth risen over a half-degree Celsius?
  1. A.Since two decades ago.
  2. B.Since 20th century.
  3. C.Since 1880.
  4. D.Since 2800 years ago. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'temperatures... risen over a half-degree Celsius' → 匹配录音中 'temperatures... have risen more than a half-degree Celsius since 1880' → 提取时间点 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位时间信息捕捉

译文：题干：自何时起，全球气温上升了超过半摄氏度？正确项：自1880年以来。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Why is it important to recycle? M: There are many reasons. Recycling is one way to keep waste out of landfills. Landfills are places to dump waste, but they are unpopular because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that's bad for people who may build new homes there. Recycling also reuses valuable raw materials such as aluminum and paper. Finally recycling can leave a lower garbage bill. Recycling lowers the amount of waste put into landfills. Therefore less money is spent for garbage disposal. W: How has recycling changed over the years? M: 10 or 20 years ago, you could buy milk in returnable, refillable glass bottles and many people recycled voluntarily. Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers. Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in landfills, many city governments now have recycling programs. W: How does recycling help the environment? M: Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy. For example it takes 95% less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum. W: Can one person really make a difference? If only a few people recycle, then what's the point? M: If not you then who? If we combine our efforts, we can make a difference. Each of us contributes to the waste problem. All the millions of tons of waste that go into landfills started as an old pair of slippers, a broken TV set or a used magazine that came from somebody's house, maybe yours. used to cover them and that's bad for people who may build new homes there.

8. Why are landfills unpopular according to the man?
  1. A.They pollute the soil used to cover them.
  2. B.They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.
  3. C.The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve.
  4. D.The gas they emit is extremely poisonous.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'landfills unpopular' → 匹配录音中 'they are unpopular because they can pollute the soil used to cover them' → 提取原因 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果关系捕捉

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，为什么垃圾填埋场不受欢迎？正确项：它们污染了用于覆盖的土壤。

9. What does the man say has contributed to the increase in amounts of waste over the years?
  1. A.Growing population.
  2. B.Packaging materials.
  3. C.Changed eating habits.
  4. D.Lower production cost.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'increase in amounts of waste' → 匹配录音中 'Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers' → 推断包装材料变化导致废弃物增加 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果推断

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，是什么导致了多年来废弃物数量的增加？正确项：包装材料。

10. According to the man, how does recycling help the environment?
  1. A.By saving energy.
  2. B.By using less aluminum.
  3. C.By reducing poisonous wastes.
  4. D.By making the most of materials.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'recycling help the environment' → 匹配录音中 'Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy' → 提取核心方式 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位主旨信息捕捉

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，回收利用如何帮助环境？正确项：通过节约能源。

11. Why does the man say everybody should make an effort to recycle?
  1. A.We are running out of natural resources soon.
  2. B.Only combined efforts can make a difference.
  3. C.The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us.
  4. D.All of us can actually benefit from recycling.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士最后一段论述 → 提取‘combine our efforts’与‘each of us contributes’的因果关系 → 推断出集体努力的必要性

考点：因果推理细节定位

译文：题干：男士为什么说每个人都应该努力回收？正确项：只有共同努力才能产生影响。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Could you please give me information on airfares from Miami to Bellingham, Washington? We'd like advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible. M: Let's see. I wouldn't advise you to pay the normal one-way economy class fare of 555 dollars. If you can fly on a Tuesday or Wednesday and buy your tickets at least 21 days in advance, I suggest you book a round-trip excursion flight. W: But we may not need the return tickets. M: That's alright! Even if you don't use them, you should be able to save 89 dollars over the one-way fare. Of course I'd recommend early booking, you ought to try to reserve the "Super Saver" seats, there are only a few of them and they are 15% cheaper than the others. W: That sounds like a good idea. M: Wait, to save another 100 dollars or so, why don't you book a flight to Vancouver Canada? W: But that's farther than we want to go. M: I know, but you can take a bus from Vancouver back to Bellingham and still save money. And if you are travelling with children, you might be able to get a discount if you fly economy class, but they don't get any discount. But to take advantage of the airline's guaranteed fare policy, you'd have to make reservations and pay for your tickets at least 6 weeks in advance. Should I begin to search for available seats? W: No, thank you. M: Excuse me? W: I may call you back if we don't decide to drive.

12. Where is the woman planning to go?
  1. A.Miami.
  2. B.Vancouver.
  3. C.Bellingham.
  4. D.Boston.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话首句‘from Miami to Bellingham’ → 识别‘to’表目的地 → 排除出发地与中转地

考点：细节定位介词指代

译文：题干：女士计划去哪里？正确项：贝灵厄姆。

13. What is the woman's purpose in calling the man?
  1. A.To get information on one-way tickets to Canada.
  2. B.To inquire about the price of "Super Saver" seats.
  3. C.To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible.
  4. D.To inquire about the shortest route to drive home.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士首句‘We'd like advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible’ → 同义替换为‘get advice on cheap flight’

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：女士打电话给男士的目的是什么？正确项：获取如何尽可能便宜飞行的建议。

14. What does the man advise the woman to do?
  1. A.Join a tourist group.
  2. B.Choose a major airline.
  3. C.Avoid trips in public holidays.
  4. D.Book tickets as early as possible.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士多次建议‘early booking’、‘reserve...in advance’ → 归纳核心建议为尽早订票

考点：细节归纳建议识别

译文：题干：男士建议女士做什么？正确项：尽早订票。

15. What is the woman's Plan B for transport?
  1. A.By coach.
  2. B.By car.
  3. C.By bike.
  4. D.By train. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士最后一句‘if we don't decide to drive’ → 推断‘drive’为备选方案（Plan B）

考点：条件推断指代理解

译文：题干：女士的交通备选方案是什么？正确项：开车。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

What makes a person famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about. All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people. Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Yet how many know Shakespeare, the person, the man behind the works? After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history. It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights to protect their work. Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some said he had no formal education. Others believed that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men. All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not. Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-upon-Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to grammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school. So Shakespeare did have at least an average education. Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown. The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could've been a source of clues. We'll always be left with many questions and few facts. research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history.

16. What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?
  1. A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.
  2. B.There are many misunderstandings about him.
  3. C.His works have no match worldwide.
  4. D.His personal history is little known.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history' → 同义替换 'still trying to discover' 为 'little known' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：关于威廉·莎士比亚，说话者说了什么？正确项：他的个人历史鲜为人知。

17. What do we learn about Shakespeare's father?
  1. A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
  2. B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.
  3. C.He was a member of the town council.
  4. D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键句 'Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-upon-Avon, a member of the town council' → 直接匹配选项C → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：关于莎士比亚的父亲，我们了解到什么？正确项：他是镇议会的一员。

18. Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare's life will remain a mystery?
  1. A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.
  2. B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.
  3. C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.
  4. D.People of his time had little interest in him.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键句 'The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could've been a source of clues' → 同义替换 'burned' 为 'lost in a fire' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么说话者说莎士比亚的部分人生将永远是个谜？正确项：关于他的可能线索来源在一场大火中遗失了。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Almost everyone suffers from a headache occasionally. But some people suffer from repeated, frequent headaches. A headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition that could probably be controlled if discovered early. If a person removes the warning, day after day, with a painkiller, he or she may pass the point of easy control. The professional name for covering up a symptom is "masking". A headache specialist once said, "Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment. Sometimes it is wiser to stand still than to advance in darkness." A headache often interferes needlessly with a normal, happy living. The employee with a headache does less work. In a flash of temper, he or she may upset his fellow workers or customers, causing a direct or indirect loss to the organization. The mother with a headache suffers and disturbs the family. She upsets her husband and children. Rest, quiet and fresh airs stop many common headaches. Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help. One can often handle tension headaches by rubbing and pressing the neck muscles. Heat from an electric pad or a warm bed can also help. Because hunger may be overlooked as a headache source, one must make a habit of regular meals. If the meal must be postponed for more than an hour, a snack helps to avoid a hunger headache. probably be controlled if discovered early.

19. Why does the speaker say "a headache is important"?
  1. A.It shows you have been ignoring your health.
  2. B.It can seriously affect your thinking process.
  3. C.It is an early warning of some illness.
  4. D.It is a symptom of too much pressure.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键句 'A headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition' → 同义替换 'first warning' 为 'early warning'，'serious condition' 为 'some illness' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：为什么说话者说“头痛很重要”？正确项：它是某些疾病的早期预警。

20. What does the specialist suggest we do with headaches?
  1. A.Reduce our workload.
  2. B.Control our temper.
  3. C.Use painkillers for relief.
  4. D.Avoid masking symptoms.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位专家观点 'Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment' → 推理得出应避免掩盖症状 → 同义替换为 'Avoid masking symptoms' → 得出答案

考点：观点定位推理判断

译文：题干：专家建议我们如何处理头痛？正确项：避免掩盖症状。

21. What does the speaker say helps relieve the symptoms of common headaches?
  1. A.Lying down and having some sleep.
  2. B.Rubbing and pressing one's back.
  3. C.Going out for a walk.
  4. D.Listening to light music.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位症状缓解方法 → 匹配‘Lying down and possibly falling asleep’ → 同义替换为‘Lying down and having some sleep’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者说做什么有助于缓解普通头痛的症状？正确项：躺下并睡一会儿。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

If your paychecks seem to be disappearing into thin air, you may be stuck in money traps, but don't despair. Most people can get unstuck without going bankrupt. The biggest budget mistake is no budget at all. As one reader put it, we just put all the bills in a pile, then try to decide which to pay. As she and others have learned however, the money usually runs out before the bills do. The same problem plagues many who do have a budget. In letter after letter, we read, "It looks good on paper, but it never seems to work." Why not? Often because the budgets are unrealistic. The solution: make a detailed record of where all your money goes now, then study it carefully. Look for expenses that can be cut back, and don't give up in the face of high fixed expenses. Many of these can be reduced too. In fact, it's often easier to save on essentials than on enjoyable extras. If housing takes more than 25% of your income, for example, consider moving to a cheaper place or renting out an extra room. If utility bills are high, get the whole family involved in a conservation plan. Some bills can be eliminated altogether. When one mother realized that cable TV was costing her five hundred dollars a year, she decided that network TV wasn't so bad. If you question every expense, you can find a few that can be reduced. Leaving no room for large bills.

22. What does the speaker say is the biggest budget mistake?
  1. A.Depending heavily on loans.
  2. B.Having no budget plans at all.
  3. C.Spending beyond one's means.
  4. D.Leaving no room for large bills.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘biggest budget mistake’ → 直接匹配‘no budget at all’ → 同义替换为‘Having no budget plans at all’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者说最大的预算错误是什么？正确项：根本没有预算计划。

23. What does the speaker say about the so-called fixed expenses?
  1. A.Many of them can be cut.
  2. B.All of them have to be covered.
  3. C.Their payment cannot be delayed.
  4. D.They eat up most of the family income.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘fixed expenses’ → 匹配‘Many of these can be reduced too’ → 同义替换为‘Many of them can be cut’

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：说话者对所谓的固定开支有何看法？正确项：其中许多可以削减。

24. What does the speaker suggest people do to save housing expenses?
  1. A.Rent a house instead of buying one.
  2. B.Discuss the problem in the family.
  3. C.Make a conservation plan.
  4. D.Move to a cheaper place.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘save housing expenses’ → 匹配‘consider moving to a cheaper place’ → 同义替换为‘Move to a cheaper place’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者建议人们如何节省住房开支？正确项：搬到一个更便宜的地方。

25. What is mainly discussed in the talk?
  1. A.Financial issues plaguing a family.
  2. B.Difficulty in making both ends meet.
  3. C.Family budget problems and solutions.
  4. D.New ways to boost family income.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：综合全文内容 → 概括核心话题为‘预算问题与解决方案’ → 匹配‘Family budget problems and solutions’

考点：主旨概括

译文：题干：谈话主要讨论了什么？正确项：家庭预算问题与解决方案。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

It's our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting [26] can lead to obesity and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how [27] being a couch potato can be. In an analysis of data from eight large [28] published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel [29] , the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes Journal of the American Medical Association rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a [30] , and the odds of dying prematurely [31] 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these [32] are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially [33] at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to [34] them. Even so, the authors admit that they didn't compare different sedentary activities to [35] whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early death compared with, say, reading.

A. climbedB. consumeC. decadeD. determineE. effectiveF. harmfulG. outcomesH. passivelyI. previouslyJ. resumeK. sufferedL. surfingM. termN. terminalsO. twisting

参考答案与解析

答案：26-H　27-F　28-I　29-L　30-C　31-A　32-G　33-E　34-B　35-D

解析：26 空 定位空格前动词sitting → 分析其后需副词修饰 → 结合语境“久坐” → 匹配副词选项
27 空 定位空格前结构how + adj. → 分析后文研究量化了沙发土豆的负面程度 → 匹配表示“有害/危险”的形容词
28 空 定位空格前数词eight large → 分析其修饰名词studies → 结合后文“published studies” → 匹配表示“已发表的”形容词
29 空 定位空格前动词spent → 分析其后需名词/动名词 → 结合固定搭配channel surfing → 匹配动名词选项
30 空 定位空格前介词over → 分析其后需时间名词 → 结合前文“over 8.5 years”和后文“over a ___” → 匹配表示“时间段”的名词
31 空 定位空格前动词短语 'spending so much time sitting' → 结合语境 'can lead to obesity' 判断需填入表示'久坐'的副词 → 识别 'take on' 为'承担'，'take up' 为'占据（时间）'，'take over' 为'接管'，'take out' 为'取出' → 选择 'take up' 符合 '占据时间' 的语境
32 空 定位空格前 'how' 引导的宾语从句 → 结合主句 'researchers have now quantified' 和后文具体风险数据 → 判断需填入表示'有害'或'危险'的形容词 → 识别 'harmful'（有害的）与 'helpful'（有益的）、'hopeful'（有希望的）、'harmless'（无害的）的语义对立 → 选择 'harmful' 符合研究量化风险的语境
33 空 定位空格前 'eight large' 和后文 'published studies' → 判断需填入修饰 'studies' 的形容词 → 结合 'Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association' 的权威性 → 识别 'peer-reviewed'（同行评审的）与 'peer-reviewed'（同行评审的）的语义 → 选择 'peer-reviewed' 符合学术研究发表的语境
34 空 定位空格前 'watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to' → 判断需填入表示'购买'或'消费'的动词 → 结合 'ads'（广告）的商业语境 → 识别 'buy'（购买）与 'buy'（购买）的语义 → 选择 'buy' 符合广告影响消费行为的语境
35 空 定位空格前 'they didn't compare different sedentary activities to' → 判断需填入表示'确定'或'判断'的动词 → 结合后文 'whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk' 的宾语从句 → 识别 'determine'（确定）与 'determine'（确定）的语义 → 选择 'determine' 符合研究目的的语境

考点：动词搭配语境选词近义词辨析动词搭配 take up

译文：题干：我们知道花这么多时间坐着{{26}}会导致肥胖和其他疾病。正确项H (still)：静止地。译文：我们知道花这么多时间静止地坐着会导致肥胖和其他疾病。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AFast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly criticise them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.
BFast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such "trading down" proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.
CAs a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.
DBut not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.
ESome fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger franchisees sued the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $1 when they cost $1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.
FAnalysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice( ) consumers away from $1specials. RFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5. And in May Burger King introduced barbecue pork ribs at $7 for eight.
GCompanies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its "McCafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
HAs fast-food companies shift from "super-size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's will start selling porridge( ) in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products they want all day," says Rick Carucci, the chief financial officer of Yum! Brands.
IBut what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity . These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.
JIn the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough. "Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie- content of items they serve on the menu. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was nearby—a sign, it is said, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.
KIn order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating . Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago. "We probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie "Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left to do.
1. Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children. （K）
2. Fast-food firms may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future. （A）
3. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales. （G）
4. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem. （I）
5. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money. （B）
6. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession. （D）
7. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective. （E）
8. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast. （H）
9. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items. （F）
10. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu. （J）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-K　2-A　3-G　4-I　5-B　6-D　7-E　8-H　9-F　10-J

解析：36. 定位题干关键词‘laws’、‘McDonald's’、‘toys’、‘children’ → 在语篇中寻找相关段落 → 段落[K]提及‘laws’、‘McDonald's’、‘toys’、‘children’ → 同义替换匹配
37. 定位题干关键词‘cope with’、‘pressures’、‘regulation’ → 在语篇中寻找相关段落 → 段落[A]提及‘cope with’、‘pressure from regulators’ → 推理‘not perhaps for much longer’暗示未来可能无法应对 → 同义替换匹配
38. 定位题干关键词‘Burger King’、‘Seattle's Best coffee’、‘increase sales’ → 在语篇中寻找相关段落 → 段落[G]提及‘Burger King’、‘Seattle's Best coffee’、‘boost sales’ → 同义替换匹配
39. 定位题干关键词‘healthy food’、‘impression’、‘obesity problem’ → 在语篇中寻找相关段落 → 段落[I]提及‘healthy food’、‘impression’、‘obesity’ → 推理‘give the impression’与‘seem to be’同义 → 同义替换匹配
40. 定位题干关键词‘recession’、‘customers’、‘fast food’、‘save money’ → 在语篇中寻找相关段落 → 段落[B]提及‘recession’、‘consumers’、‘cheap meals’、‘cut spending’ → 同义替换匹配
41. 定位题干关键词 'recession' 和 'save money' → 在段落[D]中定位到 'In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others cut back on eating out altogether' → 同义替换 'cut back on eating out altogether' 为 'eat out less often' → 得出答案
42. 定位题干关键词 'Burger King' 和 'promotional strategy' → 在段落[D]中定位到 'Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others cut back on eating out altogether. And those who do eat out may be less tempted by a burger if it does not seem like such a bargain.' → 推理要点：Burger King的低价策略（bargain）对部分消费者吸引力下降 → 得出答案
43. 定位题干关键词 'breakfast' → 在段落[H]中定位到 'Breakfast is the fastest-growing part of the day for many chains' → 同义替换 'fastest-growing part of the day' 为 'make a lot of money'（隐含增长带来利润） → 得出答案
44. 定位题干关键词 'higher-priced items' 和 'increase revenue' → 在段落[F]中定位到 'Many chains are now trying to move upmarket, offering higher-quality food at higher prices' → 同义替换 'move upmarket' 和 'higher-quality food at higher prices' 为 'introducing higher-priced items' → 得出答案
45. 定位题干关键词 'law' 和 'calorie count' → 在段落[J]中定位到 'A new law in New York City will soon require big chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on their menus' → 同义替换 'require' 为 'asks'，'specify' 为 'specify' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：有人提议制定法律，禁止麦当劳在其儿童特价食品上附赠玩具。正确项[K]：一些人提议制定法律，禁止麦当劳在其儿童特价食品上附赠玩具。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

If you think a high-factor sunscreen keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas( ) and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure. There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas—the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection—not sunscreen—seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun. Many people also don't use sunscreen properly—applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying—recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increase the risk of all skin cancers. The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on sunscreen and slap on a hat.

46. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
  1. A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
  2. B.It will protect them from sunburn.
  3. C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
  4. D.It will work for people of any skin color.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'common expectation' → 对应语篇首句 'If you think... you may be wrong' → 推断出人们普遍期望防晒霜能防止晒伤 → 与选项B同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：人们对高倍数防晒霜的普遍期望是什么？正确项B：它能保护他们免受晒伤。

47. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
  1. A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
  2. B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
  3. C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.
  4. D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'research in Nature' → 对应语篇第二句 'Research in this week's Nature shows that... it can't prevent them' → 直接得出防晒霜无法预防黑色素瘤 → 与选项A同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：《自然》杂志上的研究对高倍数防晒霜有何说法？正确项A：它在预防黑色素瘤方面无效。

48. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
  1. A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.
  2. B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
  3. C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
  4. D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 '2011 Australian study of 1,621 people' → 对应语篇相应句子 → 提取核心发现 'people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas' → 与选项D同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们从2011年澳大利亚对1621人的研究中了解到什么？正确项D：每日使用防晒霜有助于降低黑色素瘤的发病率。

49. What does the author say about the second Australian study?
  1. A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
  2. B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
  3. C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
  4. D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'second Australian study' → 对应语篇相应句子 → 提取关键信息 'The study relied on people remembering...' → 推断出该研究基于回忆而非直接观察 → 与选项C同义替换

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：作者对第二个澳大利亚研究有何评价？正确项C：它并非基于对研究对象的直接观察。

50. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
  1. A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.
  2. B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.
  3. C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
  4. D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'suggest to reduce melanoma rates' → 对应语篇末尾 'a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates' → 直接得出建议 → 与选项A同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者建议如何降低黑色素瘤发病率？正确项A：同时使用遮盖物和防晒霜。

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity( ) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well- educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy , combined with the replacement of generous defined- benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management know-how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

51. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
  1. A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.
  2. B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.
  3. C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
  4. D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首段核心对比句 → 提取‘well-educated people increasingly work longer’ → 同义替换为‘Well-educated people tend to work longer’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：富裕国家的劳动力市场正在发生什么？正确项：受过良好教育的人倾向于工作更长时间。

52. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
  1. A.Longer life expectancies.
  2. B.A rapid technological advance.
  3. C.Profound changes in the workforce.
  4. D.A growing number of the well-educated.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘deepening divide’所在句 → 向后寻找原因句 → 提取‘Rapid technological advance has raised... while squeezing...’ → 同义替换为‘A rapid technological advance’

考点：细节定位与捕捉因果关系识别

译文：题干：是什么加剧了富裕阶层与贫困阶层之间的鸿沟？正确项：快速的技术进步。

53. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
  1. A.Economic growth will slow down.
  2. B.Government budgets will increase.
  3. C.More people will try to pursue higher education.
  4. D.There will be more competition in the job market.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘experience of the 20th century’所在句 → 提取‘this shift will lead to slower economic growth’ → 同义替换为‘Economic growth will slow down’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：根据20世纪的经验，许多观察家预测什么？正确项：经济增长将会放缓。

54. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
  1. A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
  2. B.More people have to receive in-service training.
  3. C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
  4. D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘Policy is partly responsible’及‘European governments’ → 提取政策变化后的结果‘means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement’ → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：欧洲国家政策变化的结果是什么？正确项：即使是富人也必须工作更长时间才能舒适地退休。

55. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
  1. A.Computers will do more complicated work.
  2. B.More will be taken by the educated young.
  3. C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.
  4. D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：综合全文关于技能、年龄与工作关系的论述 → 提取‘older skilled folk are working longer’及‘educated elderly are more productive’ → 推断出技能价值超越年龄 → 得出‘Skills are highly valued regardless of age’

考点：推理判断综合信息

译文：题干：21世纪工作的特点是什么？正确项：技能无论年龄都受到高度重视。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid’s understanding of going to school. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The black-and-white cartoon presents a thought-provoking scene. On the left, a boy in a cap stares at his smartphone and asks a tall, startled adult beside him, "Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?" The child clearly believes that a device holding all the answers has made classrooms unnecessary. This innocent question reveals a common misunderstanding: the boy equates going to school with merely collecting facts. In his eyes, since a phone can instantly deliver any piece of information, education seems pointless. Yet he confuses "having access to knowledge" with "truly possessing it." A phone can store data, but it cannot teach a person how to reason, question, cooperate or judge right from wrong. In fact, school shapes far more than our memory. It trains us to think independently, to communicate with others and to grow into responsible adults—abilities no search engine can hand out. Therefore, we should tell children like this boy that a smartphone is only a tool, while genuine learning still begins in the classroom.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

据报道,今年中国快递服务(courier services)将递送大约 120 亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。仅在 11 月 11日,中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值 90 亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此,快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

It is reported that China's courier services will deliver about 12 billion parcels this year. This will make it possible for China to overtake the US and become the largest courier market in the world. Most parcels contain goods ordered online. China offers millions of online retailers the chance to sell goods at competitive prices. On November 11 alone, Chinese consumers bought goods worth 9 billion dollars from the largest shopping platform in the country. There are many such special shopping days in China. Therefore, it is no surprise that the courier industry is expanding in China.

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