2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2016 年 · 12月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soil were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations. On Sunday, the castle's owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out of his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river, according to the Scottish Daily Record. Abergeldie Castle, located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly. The castle, which is located on 11,700 acres, was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday. "This means that rivers will rise more slowly, but then stay high for much longer," the environmental agency said. after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river.

1. Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie Castle?
  1. A.It was dangerous to live in.
  2. B.It was going to be renovated.
  3. C.He could no longer pay the rent.
  4. D.He had sold it to the royal family.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位原因句 → 识别因果结构（after/because） → 同义替换（dangerously close to the river ↔ dangerous to live in） → 得出答案

考点：因果逻辑识别同义替换

译文：题干：为什么John Gordon搬出了Abergeldie城堡？正确项A：它住起来很危险。

2. What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?
  1. A.A strike.
  2. B.A storm.
  3. C.A forest fire.
  4. D.A terrorist attack.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位时间状语（last Wednesday） → 捕捉事件名词（Storm Frank） → 同义替换（storm） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：上周三苏格兰发生了什么？正确项B：一场风暴。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch, public information officer with Tompkins County's emergency response department. Emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio, and they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department's assistant director. Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available. The mine, along New York's Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States. The rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio. Louisiana Ohio below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York.

3. What does the news report say about the salt miners?
  1. A.They lost contact with the emergency department.
  2. B.They were trapped in an underground elevator.
  3. C.They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.
  4. D.They sent calls for help via a portable radio.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位矿工状态描述句 → 识别同义替换（stuck in an elevator below ground ↔ trapped in an underground elevator） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道关于盐矿矿工说了什么？正确项B：他们被困在地下电梯里。

4. What did the rescue team do?
  1. A.They tried hard to repair the elevator.
  2. B.They released the details of the accident.
  3. C.They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.
  4. D.They provided the miners with food and water.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位救援行动句 → 识别具体动作（provide heat packs and blankets） → 同义替换（supplies to keep warm） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：救援队做了什么？正确项C：他们送去了保暖物资。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues. Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post offices is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually. "We are losing revenue as we speak," Donahoe said. "We do not want taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business you have to make choices." Dean Granholm, the vice president for delivery and post office operations, said the first wave of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs. offices over the next year because of falling revenues.

5. What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?
  1. A.Raise postage rates.
  2. B.Improve its services.
  3. C.Redesign delivery routes.
  4. D.Close some of its post offices.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位核心计划句（considering closing about 3,700 post offices） → 同义替换（close some of its post offices） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：美国邮政总局计划做什么？正确项D：关闭一些邮局。

6. What measure has been planned to save costs?
  1. A.Shortening business hours.
  2. B.Closing offices on holidays.
  3. C.Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.
  4. D.Computerizing mall sorting processes.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词'save costs' → 听到'stop mail delivery on Saturdays'与'save $3 billion annually'直接对应 → 选择C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：计划采取什么措施来节省成本？正确项：停止周六的邮件投递。

7. What will happen when the proposed measure comes into effect?
  1. A.Many post office staff will lose their jobs.
  2. B.Many people will begin to complain.
  3. C.Taxpayers will be very pleased.
  4. D.A lot of controversy will arise. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词'proposed measure'（指周六停投邮件） → 听到'about 3,000 postmasters... could lose their jobs' → 选择A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当提议的措施生效时会发生什么？正确项：许多邮政员工将失去工作。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Mrs. Hampton, we've got trouble in the press room this morning.

8. What will happen to the press operator who was late for work according to the woman?
  1. A.He will be kept from promotion.
  2. B.He will go through retraining.
  3. C.He will be given a warning.
  4. D.He will lose part of his pay.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词'late for work' → 听到女士说'He will simply lose part of his pay' → 选择D

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据女士的说法，迟到的印刷操作工会怎样？正确项：他将被扣除部分工资。

9. What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock?
  1. A.He is always on time.
  2. B.He is a trustworthy guy.
  3. C.He is an experienced press operator.
  4. D.He is on good terms with his workmates.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词'John' → 听到女士问'Is John reliable?'，男士答'Yes, he is' → 选择B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对站在打卡钟旁的约翰有什么评价？正确项：他是一个值得信赖的人。

10. Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late?
  1. A.She is a trade union representative.
  2. B.She is in charge of public relations.
  3. C.She is a senior manager of the shop.
  4. D.She is better at handling such matters.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词'see the worker' → 听到男士说'because you are so much better at handling things like this' → 选择D

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士为什么建议女士去见那个迟到的工人？正确项：她更擅长处理这类事情。

11. What does the woman say about Jack Green?
  1. A.He is skilled and experienced.
  2. B.He is very close to the manager.
  3. C.He is always trying to stir up trouble.
  4. D.He is always complaining about low wages.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士对Jack Green的评价 → 识别‘stirring things up’与‘make trouble’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士对杰克·格林有何评价？正确项：他总是试图制造麻烦。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Our topic today is about something that foreigners nearly always say when they visit Britain. It's "Why are the British so cold?" And they're talking about the British personality—the famous British "reserve". It means that we aren't very friendly... we aren't very open. M: So do you think it's true? W: It's a difficult one. So many people who visit Britain say it's difficult to make friends with British people. They say we're cold, reserved, unfriendly... M: I think it's true. Look at Americans or Australians. They speak the same language, but they're much more open. And you see it when you travel. People—I mean strangers—speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train, or the bus. Not in London, anyway. W: "Not in London". That's it. Capital cities are full of tourists and are never friendly. People are different in other parts of the country.

12. What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the woman?
  1. A.Open.
  2. B.Friendly.
  3. C.Selfish.
  4. D.Reserved.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士对外国人看法的描述 → 识别‘reserve’与‘reserved’的词性转换与同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位词性转换同义替换

译文：题干：根据女士的说法，外国人通常对英国人有何看法？正确项：他们很矜持/保守。

13. What may British people typically do on a train according to the man?
  1. A.They stay quiet.
  2. B.They read a book.
  3. C.They talk about the weather.
  4. D.They chat with fellow passengers.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士关于英国人在火车上行为的描述 → 识别‘seldom speak’与‘stay quiet’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，英国人在火车上通常会做什么？正确项：他们保持安静。

14. What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester?
  1. A.She was always treated as a foreigner.
  2. B.She was eager to visit an English castle.
  3. C.She was never invited to a colleague's home.
  4. D.She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士讲述的意大利女士事例 → 识别‘no one...had ever invited her to their home’与‘never invited’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对在曼彻斯特工作的意大利女士有何描述？正确项：她从未被同事邀请到家中做客。

15. Why do British people prefer houses to flats?
  1. A.Houses are much more quiet.
  2. B.Houses provide more privacy.
  3. C.They want to have more space.
  4. D.They want a garden of their own. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士关于住房偏好的解释 → 识别‘It’s about being private’与‘provide more privacy’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换因果推理

译文：题干：为什么英国人更喜欢房子而不是公寓？正确项：房子提供更多隐私。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In college, time is scarce, and consequently, very precious. At the same time, expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly. A part-time job is a good way to balance costs while ensuring there is enough time left over for both academic subjects and after-class activities. If you are a college student looking for a part-time job, the best place to start your job search is right on campus. There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you'll automatically be given hiring priority. Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way to connect with academic and professional resources at your university. Check with your school's careers service or employment office for help to find a campus job. Of course, there are opportunities for part- time work off-campus, too. If you spend a little time digging for the right part-time jobs, you'll save yourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get your school work done, too. If you are a college student looking for work but worried you won't have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider working as a study hall or library monitor. Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. It's a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime—which means you'll have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam. hiring priority.

16. What does the speaker say about college students applying for on-campus jobs?
  1. A.They don't have much choice of jobs.
  2. B.They are likely to get much higher pay.
  3. C.They don't have to go through job interviews.
  4. D.They will automatically be given hiring priority.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'hiring priority' → 听到 'you'll automatically be given hiring priority' → 直接匹配选项D

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于大学生申请校内工作，说话者说了什么？正确项：他们将自动获得优先录用权。

17. What can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker?
  1. A.Ask their professors for help.
  2. B.Look at school bulletin boards.
  3. C.Visit the school careers service.
  4. D.Go through campus newspapers.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键词 'find a campus job' → 听到 'Check with your school's careers service' → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据说话者，学生如何找到校内工作？正确项：访问学校就业服务中心。

18. What does the speaker say is a library monitor's responsibility?
  1. A.Helping students find the books and journals they need.
  2. B.Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.
  3. C.Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.
  4. D.Providing students with information about the library.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键词 'library monitor' → 听到 'supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained' → 直接匹配选项B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者说图书馆管理员的职责是什么？正确项：监督学习空间以确保安静氛围。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Agricultural workers in green tea fields near Mt. Kenya are gathering the tea leaves. It is beautiful to see. The rows of tea bushes are straight. All appears to be well. But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried. Nelson Kibara is one of them. He has been growing tea in the Kerugoya area for 40 years. He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit. He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive. Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya. Its leaves are purple and brown. When the tea is boiled, the drink has a purple color. Medical researchers have studied the health benefits of the new tea. They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea. But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop. He says the market for the tea is unstable. And he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves. He says there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea. higher than the price of green tea. It may be sold at a higher price. It is easier to grow.

19. Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea?
  1. A.It tastes better.
  2. B.It is easier to grow.
  3. C.It may be sold at a higher price.
  4. D.It can better survive extreme weathers.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键词 'purple tea' → 听到 'could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher' → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么肯尼亚茶农决定种植紫茶？正确项：它可能以更高的价格出售。

20. What do researchers say about purple tea?
  1. A.It is healthier than green tea.
  2. B.It can grow in drier soil.
  3. C.It will replace green tea one day.
  4. D.It is immune to various diseases.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键词 'researchers' → 听到 'They say it is healthier than green tea' → 直接匹配选项A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：研究人员对紫茶有什么评价？正确项：它比绿茶更健康。

21. What has Mr. Kibara found about purple tea?
  1. A.It has been well received by many tea drinkers.
  2. B.It does not bring the promised health benefits.
  3. C.It has made tea farmers' life easier.
  4. D.It does not have a stable market.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位到录音末段关于市场状况的描述 → 提取‘market is unstable’与‘not enough buyers’ → 同义替换为‘does not have a stable market’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Kibara先生发现了关于紫茶的什么情况？正确项：它的市场不稳定。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Today's consumers want beautiful handcrafted objects to wear and to have for their home environment. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsmen today are meeting this demand. People and homes are showing great change as more and more unique handcrafted items become available. Handicrafts are big business. No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night. He has earned his professional status. He is now a respected member of society. Part of the fun of being a craftsman is meeting other craftsmen. They love to share their ideas and materials and help others find markets for their work. Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices. They help them become aware of design and technique. They help them relate their choice to its intended use. They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves. When a group of craftsmen expands to include more members, a small craft organization is formed. Such an organization does a lot in training workshops in special media, crafts marketing techniques, crafts fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations. State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts, but they also use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.

22. What does the speaker say about today's consumers?
  1. A.They need decorations to show their status.
  2. B.They prefer unique objects of high quality.
  3. C.They decorate their homes themselves.
  4. D.They care more about environment.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到录音首段关于消费者偏好的描述 → 提取‘prefer something unique and they demand quality’ → 同义替换为‘prefer unique objects of high quality’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者对当今消费者有何描述？正确项：他们偏好高质量的独特物品。

23. What does the speaker say about good craftsmen in the past?
  1. A.They were proud of their creations.
  2. B.They could only try to create at night.
  3. C.They made great contributions to society.
  4. D.They focused on the quality of their products.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到录音第二段关于过去工匠的描述 → 提取‘No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night’ → 推理出过去他们只能在晚上尝试创作

考点：细节定位逻辑推理

译文：题干：说话者对过去优秀工匠有何描述？正确项：他们只能在晚上尝试创作。

24. What do craftsmen help consumers do?
  1. A.Make wise choices.
  2. B.Identify fake crafts.
  3. C.Design handicrafts themselves.
  4. D.Learn the importance of creation.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到录音第三段关于工匠帮助消费者的描述 → 提取‘Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices’ → 直接对应选项A

考点：细节定位直接对应

译文：题干：工匠帮助消费者做什么？正确项：做出明智的选择。

25. Why do state art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?
  1. A.To boost the local economy.
  2. B.To attract foreign investments.
  3. C.To arouse public interest in crafts.
  4. D.To preserve the traditional culture.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到录音末段关于州艺术委员会赞助节日的描述 → 提取‘This boosts the local economy considerably’ → 同义替换为‘To boost the local economy’

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么州艺术委员会帮助赞助当地艺术和手工艺节？正确项：为了促进当地经济。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Questions [26] to [35] are based on the following passage. Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are "male" and "female" brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study [26] that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender. In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers [27] for sex differences throughout the entire human brain. And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for [28] brains as "male" or "female," research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle. Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based [29] , many different types of brain can't always be distinguished by gender. While the "average" male and "average" female brains were [30] different, you couldn't tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small [31] of people had "all-male" or "all-female" characteristics. Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist , said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning [32] beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, [33] of gender. "There's a mountain of evidence [34] the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function," he told The Seattle Times. If anything, he said, the study [35] that gender plays a very important role in the brain—"even when we are not clear exactly how."

A. abnormalB. appliedC. brieflyD. categorizingE. challengesF. figureG. percentageH. provingI. regardlessJ. searchedK. similaritiesL. slightlyM. suggestsN. tastesO. traditional

参考答案与解析

答案：26-E　27-J　28-D　29-K　30-L　31-G　32-O　33-I　34-H　35-M

解析：26 空 根据后文'questioning whether...'的转折逻辑，定位到空格处需填入表示'挑战/质疑'的动词，辨析选项中动词的语义强度与搭配。
27 空 根据前文'researchers'和后文'for sex differences'的搭配，定位到空格处需填入表示'寻找/搜索'的动词，辨析选项中动词的固定搭配。
28 空 根据前文'Rather than offer evidence for'和后文'brains as "male" or "female"'的结构，定位到空格处需填入表示'分类/标记'的动词，辨析选项中动词的语义精确性。
29 空 根据前文'while there are some gender-based'和后文'many different types of brain can't always be distinguished'的转折逻辑，定位到空格处需填入表示'差异/区别'的名词，辨析选项中名词的语义强度与搭配。
30 空 定位空格前主语'A new study' → 根据后文'questioning whether...'判断研究态度为质疑 → 结合固定搭配'challenge that belief' → 选择表示'挑战'的动词
31 空 定位空格前'researchers'及后文'for sex differences throughout...' → 根据'what did they find? Not much'判断研究动作是'寻找'差异 → 选择表示'寻找/搜索'的动词
32 空 定位空格前'evidence for'及后文'brains as "male" or "female"' → 根据前文'questioning whether...'判断研究是质疑分类 → 选择表示'分类/标记'的动名词
33 空 定位空格前'gender-based'及后文'many different types of brain can't always be distinguished' → 根据'while'转折关系判断前文承认存在差异 → 选择表示'差异/不同'的名词
34 空 定位空格前'average male and average female brains were'及后文'you couldn't tell it by looking at individual brain scans' → 根据'While'转折关系判断前文承认平均差异 → 选择表示'显著/明显'的副词
35 空 根据前文'If anything'的递进逻辑和后文'gender plays a very important role'的结论，定位到空格处需填入表示'表明/证明'的动词，辨析选项中动词的语义强度与搭配。

考点：语境选词近义词辨析动词搭配动词搭配 challenge belief

译文：题干：一项新研究______了这种信念，质疑大脑是否真的能通过性别来区分。正确项(E)：挑战了。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AAny product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn't surprising that you'll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.
BThe most likely type of burglary by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn't even track those statistics.
COne of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they'll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what's to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?
DJamming concerns are nothing new, and they're not unique to security systems. Any device that's built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let's say you wanted to "jam" a conversation between two people—all you'd need to do is yell in the listener's ear.
ESecurity devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need to know what system they're looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It's easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.
FWireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors' Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that's capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it's being jammed, it'll notify you via push alert . From there, it's up to you to sound the alarm manually.
GSimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with hand-held jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it's possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe's anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smart phone, and also listed our RF interference on the system's event log. The team behind the article and video in question makes no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.
HWe like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn't be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn't be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren't any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.
IJamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it's possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?
JLet's imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti- jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he's going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you're away, so the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He'll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he's inside and searching for things to steal. However, he'll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.
KAt the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They're also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes commonsense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less extraordinary attack.
1. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill. （I）
2. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation. （D）
3. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house. （J）
4. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks. （F）
5. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means. （B）
6. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing. （H）
7. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected. （C）
8. Different measures should be taken to protect one's home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system. （K）
9. SimpliSafe's device can send a warning to the house owner's cellphone. （G）
10. Burglars can easily get a security device's frequency by Internet search. （E）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-I　2-D　3-J　4-F　5-B　6-H　7-C　8-K　9-G　10-E

解析：36. 定位段落C → 识别‘jamming’与‘blocking that alert signal’的同义替换 → 得出答案
37. 定位段落D → 识别‘For comparison’引导的类比 → 得出答案
38. 定位段落C → 识别‘jamming’与‘blocking that alert signal’的同义替换 → 得出答案
39. 定位段落F → 识别‘SimpliSafe’与‘distinguish’的同义替换 → 得出答案
40. 定位段落B → 识别‘odds...are so small’与‘only a very small proportion’的同义替换 → 得出答案
41. 定位段落H → 识别‘SimpliSafe’与‘system keeps changing’的同义替换 → 得出答案
42. 定位段落C → 识别‘wireless setup’与‘transmit a wireless alert signal’的同义替换 → 得出答案
43. 定位段落K → 推断‘additional measures’与‘in addition to’的对应关系 → 得出答案
44. 定位段落G → 识别‘send a warning’与‘alert the homeowner via a smartphone app’的同义替换 → 得出答案
45. 定位段落E → 识别‘easily get a security device's frequency by Internet search’与‘frequency is publicly available’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换类比推理细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：窃贼有可能利用必要的设备和技术进行干扰攻击。正确项I：无线安全系统可能被干扰信号阻断警报。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn't tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That's because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage. I hate tipping. I hate it because it's an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post—dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry. Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system. One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn't believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received. So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry's pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn't ask you to do drunken math.

46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?
  1. A.He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.
  2. B.He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.
  3. C.He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.
  4. D.He lives comfortably without getting any tips.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首段关于Bill Perry的描述 → 提取其计划（ban tipping） → 同义替换为get rid of the tipping practice

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：从文章中我们可以了解到关于Bill Perry的什么信息？正确项：他打算取消小费制度。

47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?
  1. A.It sets a bad example for other industries.
  2. B.It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.
  3. C.It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.
  4. D.It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位作者表达hate tipping的段落 → 识别其核心原因（pay decisions should be left to employers） → 推断其本质是反对顾客直接补偿服务员

考点：推理判断细节支撑

译文：题干：作者讨厌小费的主要原因是什么？正确项：它迫使顾客去补偿服务员。

48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?
  1. A.They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.
  2. B.They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.
  3. C.They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.
  4. D.They can have some say in how much their servers earn.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究结论段落（You actually love tipping!） → 提取直接原因（You like to feel that you have a voice...） → 同义替换为have some say

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据作者，许多人喜欢小费的主要原因是什么？正确项：他们可以对服务员的收入有一定发言权。

49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?
  1. A.Service quality has little effect on tip size.
  2. B.It is in human nature to try to save on tips.
  3. C.Tips make it more difficult to please customers.
  4. D.Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位调查结果段落（in one poll...） → 提取服务员观点（didn't believe the job they did had any impact on the tips） → 同义替换为Service quality has little effect on tip size

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据一项调查，一些服务员意识到了什么？正确项：服务质量对小费金额影响甚微。

50. What does the author argue for in the passage?
  1. A.Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.
  2. B.Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.
  3. C.Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.
  4. D.Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：综合全文论点（支持Bill Perry取消小费、由雇主支付工资） → 排除具体细节选项 → 归纳作者核心主张

考点：主旨归纳推理判断

译文：题干：作者在文章中主张什么？正确项：服务员应由雇主而非顾客支付报酬。

In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened? Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they're paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy. The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India. But doesn't the extra money in the pockets of those countries' consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, canceling out the gains? Not necessarily, say economic researcher Sara Johnson. "Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies for their consumers." But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall. Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil- producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to. Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy. Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.

51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
  1. A.The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.
  2. B.Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.
  3. C.The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.
  4. D.The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：通读全文，把握各段核心议题 → 识别文章围绕油价下跌对全球经济的影响展开正反讨论 → 概括为‘廉价石油对全球经济增长的影响’

考点：主旨概括段落核心议题识别

译文：题干：作者在文章中主要讨论了什么？正确项C：廉价石油对全球经济增长的影响。

52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?
  1. A.Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.
  2. B.Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.
  3. C.Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.
  4. D.Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词‘experts believe cheap oil will stimulate’ → 在语篇中找到对应论述（消费者省钱后用于其他消费） → 匹配选项D的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么一些专家认为廉价石油会刺激全球经济？正确项D：消费者会将从廉价石油中节省下来的钱用于其他消费。

53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?
  1. A.They suspend import of necessities from overseas.
  2. B.They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.
  3. C.They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
  4. D.They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词‘oil-exporting countries’和‘oil prices go down’ → 在语篇中找到Sara Johnson的论述（动用储备金支持政府支出和补贴） → 匹配选项C的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当油价下跌时，许多石油出口国会怎样？正确项C：它们动用资金储备来支持消费。

54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?
  1. A.It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.
  2. B.Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.
  3. C.It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.
  4. D.Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词‘Carl Weinberg’ → 在语篇中找到其观点（负面影响压倒正面影响） → 匹配选项B的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：卡尔·温伯格如何看待当前的油价暴跌？正确项B：其负面影响远大于其正面影响。

55. Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?
  1. A.People are not spending all the money they save on gas.
  2. B.The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.
  3. C.Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.
  4. D.People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词‘haven't...boosted...as before’ → 在语篇末尾找到Sara Johnson列举的多个原因 → 识别选项A是其中一个原因（消费者谨慎消费）的同义改写

考点：细节定位原因归纳同义替换

译文：题干：为什么油价下跌没有像以前那样提振全球经济？正确项A：人们并没有把加油省下的钱全部花掉。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Graduation confronts many students with a tough decision: to enter the workplace immediately or to continue with further study. After careful thought, I have decided to go to a graduate school rather than take a job right away. The main reason is that graduate study allows me to deepen my knowledge in my chosen field. My four years of college have only given me a general foundation, and I feel eager to explore my major more thoroughly. What is more, a master's degree will strengthen my competitiveness in today's demanding job market, where employers increasingly value candidates with advanced expertise. As someone who hopes to become a researcher, I believe further education is a necessary step toward that goal. For these reasons, pursuing a graduate degree is the wiser choice for me. Although working could bring earlier financial independence, I am convinced that investing in my education now will pay off far more in the long run.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

在中国文化中,红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合,红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时,通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而,红色并不总是代表好运和快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写,用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

In Chinese culture, red usually symbolizes good luck, longevity and happiness. During the Spring Festival and other festive occasions, red can be seen everywhere. When people give cash as gifts to family members or close friends, they usually put it in red envelopes. Another reason why red is popular in China is that people associate it with the Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party. However, red does not always represent good luck and happiness. Because the names of the dead used to be written in red, writing Chinese names in red ink is considered an offensive act.

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