2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2016 年 · 12月·第2套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

New York State plans to shut off the thundering waters of Niagara Falls—again. At least, the American side of the falls. This "once in a lifetime" event actually may take place twice in some folks' lives. The New York State parks system wants to turn off the falls on the American side sometime in the next two to three years to replace two 115-year-old stone bridges that allow pedestrians, park vehicles and utilities access to Goat Island. The American side of the falls was shut off in 1969 to study the buildup of rock at the base of the falls. When that happened, people came from all over the world to see the falls turned off. People are curious by nature. They want to see what's underneath. In fact, those who first came to have a look did see something. They found millions of coins on the bottom. in the next two to three years to replace two 115-year-old stone bridges that allow pedestrians, park vehicles and utilities access to Goat Island.

1. Why does New York State want to turn off Niagara Falls?
  1. A.To satisfy the curiosity of tourists.
  2. B.To replace two old stone bridges.
  3. C.To enable tourists to visit Goat Island.
  4. D.To improve utility services in the state.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 turn off → 匹配录音中 wants to turn off the falls → 紧随其后的目的状语 to replace two 115-year-old stone bridges → 得出答案

考点：细节定位目的状语识别

译文：题干：纽约州为何想要关闭尼亚加拉瀑布？正确项：为了替换两座古老的石桥。

2. What did people find when Niagara Falls was shut off in 1969?
  1. A.Countless tree limbs.
  2. B.A few skeletons.
  3. C.Lots of wrecked boats and ships.
  4. D.Millions of coins on the bottom.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 1969 → 匹配录音中 was shut off in 1969 → 定位后续描述 They found millions of coins on the bottom → 得出答案

考点：细节定位事实匹配

译文：题干：1969年尼亚加拉瀑布被关闭时，人们发现了什么？正确项：底部有数百万枚硬币。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The Tunisian government said Monday that 45 people have been killed after gunmen attacked a town near the border with Libya. The Interior and Defense ministries said that the Tunisian government has closed its two border crossings with Libya because of the attack. The Tunisian military has sent reinforcements and helicopters to the area, and authorities have been hunting several attackers who were still at large. The violence came amid increasing international concern about Islamic State extremists in Libya. Officials of the Tunisian government are especially worried after dozens of tourists were killed in the attacks in Tunisia last year. Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said last week that German and American security experts were expected to come to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video supervision system on its border with Libya. Tunisia was targeted last year by three attacks that left 70 people dead and were claimed by Islamic State. border crossings with Libya because of the attack.

3. What did the Tunisian government do after the gunmen's attack?
  1. A.It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya.
  2. B.It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately.
  3. C.It shut down two border crossings with Libya.
  4. D.It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 Tunisian government do after the attack → 匹配录音中 the Tunisian government has closed its two border crossings with Libya → 同义替换 shut down = closed → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：突尼斯政府在枪手袭击后做了什么？正确项：关闭了与利比亚的两个边境口岸。

4. What were German and American security experts expected to do in Tunisia?
  1. A.Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions.
  2. B.Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack.
  3. C.Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government.
  4. D.Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 German and American security experts → 匹配录音中 were expected to come to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video supervision system → 同义替换 devise = develop, supervision system = monitoring system → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：德国和美国的安全专家预计在突尼斯做什么？正确项：在突尼斯与利比亚的边境设计一个监控系统。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Three university students in Santiago, Chile, have developed a plant-powered device to charge their mobile phones. The three engineering students got the idea for the device while sitting in their school's courtyard. Their invention is a small biological circuit they call E-Kaia. It captures the energy which plants produce during photosynthesis—a process of converting sunlight into energy. A plant uses only a small part of the energy produced by that process. The rest goes into the soil. E- Kaia collects that energy. The device plugs into the ground and then into a mobile phone. The E-Kaia solves two problems for the engineering students. They needed an idea for a class project. They also needed an outlet to plug in their phones. One of the student inventors, Camila Rupcich, says the device changes the energy released from the plant into low-level power to charge phones. The E-Kaia is able to fully recharge a mobile phone in less than two hours. charge their mobile phones.

5. What did the three university students invent?
  1. A.An environment-friendly battery.
  2. B.An energy-saving mobile phone.
  3. C.A plant-powered mobile phone charger.
  4. D.A device to help plants absorb sunlight.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 three university students invent → 匹配录音首句 have developed a plant-powered device to charge their mobile phones → 同义替换 device = charger → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：三名大学生发明了什么？正确项：一个植物驱动的手机充电器。

6. When did they get the idea for the invention?
  1. A.While sitting in their school's courtyard.
  2. B.While playing games on their phones.
  3. C.While solving a mathematical problem.
  4. D.While doing a chemical experiment.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'got the idea' → 听到 'while sitting in their school's courtyard' → 直接匹配选项A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：他们何时产生了这个发明的想法？正确项：坐在学校庭院里的时候。

7. What does the speaker say about the invention?
  1. A.It increases the applications of mobile phones.
  2. B.It speeds up the process of photosynthesis.
  3. C.It improves the reception of mobile phones.
  4. D.It collects the energy released by plants. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'invention' → 听到 'captures the energy... E-Kaia collects that energy' → 同义替换为 'collects the energy released by plants' → 得出答案D

考点：细节定位同义替换近义词辨析

译文：题干：说话者对这项发明有何描述？正确项：它收集植物释放的能量。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Good morning. What can I do for you? W: Good morning. Could I talk to Jeffrey Harding please? M: Speaking. W: Hello, Jeff. It's Helen. I got your message on the answering machine. What's the problem? M: Oh, Helen. Well, it's the Grimsby plant again, I'm afraid. The robots on Line 3 have gone wrong. And the line is at a standstill. W: Can't you replace them with the stand-ins? M: I'm afraid not. The stand-ins are already in use on Line 6. And the ones from Line 6 are being serviced. W: When did this happen, Jeff? M: Well, they've been making a low continuous sound for a day or two. But they finally went dead at 2:30 this afternoon. W: I see. What did you do? Have you tried the Hall plant? M: Not yet, Helen. I thought I'd better get your OK first. W: OK. Get on the phone to Tom, and try to get their stand-ins over tonight. We have to be back at full capacity tomorrow morning. Is it a major job to repair our robots? M: About a week. That's what the maintenance engineer says. W: Right. Well, if you can get the ones from Hall, please ask Tom to inform Sheffield that he may need their stand-ins in case of emergency during the next week. M: OK. Thank you very much, Helen. W: You are most welcome. M: Sorry to spoil your day off. W: It doesn't matter. He visited the workshops in the Grimsby plant.

8. What did the man do before the telephone conversation?
  1. A.He visited the workshops in the Grimsby plant.
  2. B.He called the woman and left her a message.
  3. C.He used stand-ins as replacements on all lines.
  4. D.He asked a technician to fix the broken production line.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干 'before the telephone conversation' → 听到女士说 'I got your message on the answering machine' → 推断男士之前留了言 → 得出答案B

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：男士在电话交谈前做了什么？正确项：他给女士打了电话并留了言。

9. What does the man say about Line 3 in the Grimsby plant?
  1. A.It is the most modern production line.
  2. B.It assembles super-intelligent robots.
  3. C.It has stopped working completely.
  4. D.It is going to be upgraded soon.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干 'Line 3' → 听到 'The robots on Line 3 have gone wrong. And the line is at a standstill' → 同义替换为 'has stopped working completely' → 得出答案C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对Grimsby工厂的3号线有何描述？正确项：它已完全停止工作。

10. What is the man's purpose in calling the woman?
  1. A.To seek her permission.
  2. B.To place an order for robots.
  3. C.To request her to return at once.
  4. D.To ask for Tom's phone number.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对话核心冲突 → 听到男士说 'I thought I'd better get your OK first' → 推断其目的是寻求许可 → 得出答案A

考点：推理判断观点态度

译文：题干：男士打电话给女士的目的是什么？正确项：寻求她的许可。

11. Where is the woman at the time of the conversation?
  1. A.She is on duty.
  2. B.She is having her day off.
  3. C.She is on sick leave.
  4. D.She is abroad on business.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话结尾处男士的道歉语 → 识别女士对‘day off’的回应 → 推断其当前状态

考点：细节定位语境推断

译文：题干：对话发生时，女士在哪里？正确项：她正在休假。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: This is Kerry Burke from New York Daily News. I'm speaking to Delroy Simmonds, an unemployed Brooklyn man who missed a job interview Tuesday for the best of reasons: He was saving the life of a 9-month-old boy who was blown into the path of an oncoming subway train by a high wind. M: Everybody is making me out to be some sort of superhero. I'm just an ordinary person, and a father of two. Anybody in that situation would have done what I did. W: You were going to an interview when the incident occurred, right? M: Yes, I was on my way to apply for a maintenance position. I've been looking for a job for a year and more. I'm looking for something to support my family. W: Tell us what happened at the station. M: There was a strong wind. It had to be 30 to 40 miles an hour. There was a woman with four kids. One was in a pushchair. The wind blew the baby onto the tracks. W: Witnesses said people were looking on in horror as the child's mother, identified by sources as Maria Zamara, stood frozen in shock. In the distance, people could see the train rounding a bend, headed into the station. I guess you were not aware of any of these, right? M: No. I just jumped down and grabbed the baby. The train was coming around the corner as I lifted the baby from the tracks. I really wasn't thinking. W: What an amazing story! Thank you very much. subway train by a high wind.

12. What did Kerry Burke from New York Daily News say about the man?
  1. A.He saved a baby boy's life.
  2. B.He wanted to be a superhero.
  3. C.He prevented a train crash.
  4. D.He was a witness to an accident.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位记者对事件的总结性陈述 → 匹配男士的核心行为 → 排除其他选项的曲解

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：纽约每日新闻的Kerry Burke对这位男士有何评价？正确项：他救了一个男婴的命。

13. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
  1. A.He has a 9-month-old boy.
  2. B.He is currently unemployed.
  3. C.He enjoys the interview.
  4. D.He commutes by subway.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位记者对男士身份的介绍 → 提取关键信息‘unemployed’ → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位信息提取

译文：题干：我们从对话中了解到关于这位男士的什么信息？正确项：他目前失业。

14. What caused the incident?
  1. A.A rock on the tracks.
  2. B.A misplaced pushchair.
  3. C.A strong wind.
  4. D.A speeding car.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位事件起因的直接描述 → 提取‘strong wind’ → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：是什么导致了这起事件？正确项：一阵强风。

15. How did the mother react when the incident occurred?
  1. A.She stood motionless in shock.
  2. B.She cried bitterly.
  3. C.She called the police at once.
  4. D.She shouted for help. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位记者转述目击者对母亲反应的描述 → 提取‘stood frozen in shock’ → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：事件发生时，母亲有何反应？正确项：她震惊地呆立不动。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

There's one sound that gets a big reaction from kids on a hot day, the sound of an ice-cream truck. Maria McCartney has been in the mobile ice-cream business since 2005. "When I was a little girl, I saw an ice-cream truck and knew I wanted to have one someday," McCartney said. During the hot days of summer, Maria and her daughter drive an ice-cream truck through neighborhoods and parks in Billings. It's not about making money for this former elementary school teacher. Rather, she wants to preserve the tradition of the neighborhood ice-cream truck. "Truly my favorite part is to see the kids jumping up and down and they just get so excited. It's great to build a memory for them too. There are not a lot of these ice-cream trucks around anymore. The parents come out barefoot and screaming, ready to buy ice-cream; they remember when they were kids and they saw a truck," she said. While the treats may be ice-cold, Maria has a warm heart for little faces. Her truck features a donation bucket for kids who don't have money for ice-cream. "When there are three kids and only two of them have money, I always make sure the third one gets something because I can't drive away and have that third one not have something," she said. McCartney said.

16. What does the speaker say about Maria McCartney?
  1. A.She inherited her family ice-cream business in Billings.
  2. B.She loved the ice-cream business more than teaching primary school.
  3. C.She started an ice-cream business to finance her daughter's education.
  4. D.She wanted to have an ice-cream truck when she was a little girl.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位Maria McCartney的个人陈述 → 匹配其童年愿望 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于Maria McCartney，说话者说了什么？正确项：她小时候就想拥有一辆冰淇淋车。

17. Why does Maria go into the mobile ice-cream business?
  1. A.To preserve a tradition.
  2. B.To amuse her daughter.
  3. C.To help local education.
  4. D.To make some extra money.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Maria解释动机的段落 → 识别转折词'Rather'后的核心陈述 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位转折信号词捕捉

译文：题干：Maria为什么进入移动冰淇淋生意？正确项：为了保存传统。

18. Why does Maria put a donation bucket in her truck?
  1. A.To raise money for business expansion.
  2. B.To make her truck attractive to children.
  3. C.To allow poor kids to have ice-cream too.
  4. D.To teach kids the value of mutual support.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Maria解释捐赠桶的段落 → 匹配其直接陈述 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Maria为什么在她的车里放一个捐赠桶？正确项：为了让没钱的孩子也能吃到冰淇淋。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

We know we have to pay for what we get. If we buy food, we have to pay for it. If a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay. These are private bills. But there are also public bills to be paid. They are paid by the government. In turn we get the needed services. We pay for these services through taxes. What would happen if everyone stopped paying taxes? The water supply would stop; the streets might not be cleaned; schools would be closed. We would not want to live in such a city. The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three-fourths of government expenses are used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Also, a large amount of public funds is spent on roads. Most of the needed funds are raised by taxes. The law orders us to pay taxes. We have no choice in the matter. Years ago the government made money by selling public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal and other natural resources. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years. So we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.

19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
  1. A.The reasons for imposing taxes.
  2. B.The various services money can buy.
  3. C.The various burdens on ordinary citizens.
  4. D.The function of money in the modern world.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：通篇把握文章核心议题 → 识别首段引出话题与末段总结 → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意篇章结构

译文：题干：说话者主要谈论什么？正确项：征税的原因。

20. What is most of the government money used for?
  1. A.Educating and training citizens.
  2. B.Improving public transportation.
  3. C.Protecting people's life and property.
  4. D.Building hospitals and public libraries.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位政府资金用途的具体描述 → 识别最高级'most'与原文'More than three-fourths'的对应 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换数量关系

译文：题干：大部分政府资金用于什么？正确项：保护人民的生命和财产。

21. How did the government raise money to pay public bills in the past?
  1. A.By asking for donations.
  2. B.By selling public lands.
  3. C.By selling government bonds.
  4. D.By exploiting natural resources.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键词 'government raise money' → 听到 'Years ago the government made money by selling public lands' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：过去政府如何筹集资金支付公共账单？正确项：通过出售公共土地。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Did you know that, besides larger places like France and Germany, Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries? One of these countries contains less than a square mile of land. Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy. Yet each is an independent land, with its own government, trade, and customs. One of the best known of these small countries is Monaco. It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides. Monaco became familiar to Americans when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly. Rainier's family has ruled Monaco almost continuously since 1297. The land has been independent for over three hundred years. Andorra, with an area of some 200 square miles, is considerably larger than Monaco. This country is located in the Pyrenees Mountains, with France on one side and Spain on the other. Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra's steep mountain valleys. One of the products it exports is clothing. Andorra is also known for its excellent skiing locations. Within the Alps in Central Europe is Liechtenstein, a tiny country of about 30,000 people who speak mostly German. Liechtenstein uses the same money as its neighbor Switzerland, but it has been an independent country since the 1860s. Taxes are low, so many businesses have their headquarters here. The country makes and exports a lot of machinery. Other small, independent states in Europe are San Marino and Luxembourg. Each of these has unique qualities as well.

22. What does the speaker say about Monaco?
  1. A.It is located at the center of the European continent.
  2. B.It relies on tourism as its chief source of revenues.
  3. C.It contains less than a square mile of land.
  4. D.It is surrounded by France on three sides.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'Monaco' → 听到 'It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：说话者关于摩纳哥说了什么？正确项：它三面被法国包围。

23. Why did Monaco become familiar to Americans according to the speaker?
  1. A.Its beauty is frequently mentioned in American media.
  2. B.Its ruler Prince Rainier married an American actress.
  3. C.It is where many American movies are shot.
  4. D.It is a favorite place Americans like to visit.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键词 'Monaco become familiar to Americans' → 听到 'when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：根据说话者，摩纳哥为何为美国人所熟知？正确项：其统治者雷尼尔亲王娶了一位美国女演员。

24. What is one of the products Andorra exports?
  1. A.Tobacco.
  2. B.Potatoes.
  3. C.Machinery.
  4. D.Clothing.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'Andorra exports' → 听到 'One of the products it exports is clothing' → 直接匹配得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：安道尔出口的产品之一是什么？正确项：服装。

25. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
  1. A.European history.
  2. B.European geography.
  3. C.Small countries in Europe.
  4. D.Tourist attractions in Europe.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：综合全文内容 → 首句点明 'Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries' → 后文依次介绍摩纳哥、安道尔、列支敦士登等 → 归纳主旨

考点：主旨大意

译文：题干：说话者主要谈论什么？正确项：欧洲的小国。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Questions [26] to [35] are based on the following passage. The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now [26] heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change. Warming waters are known to [27] to coral bleaching and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea [28] . While the top of the ocean is well studied, its depths are more difficult to [29] . The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get a better [30] of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century [31] of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, [32] with computer simulations , created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel [33] . About [35] percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides at a [34] of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they're [35] whether the deep-sea warming canceled out warming at the sea's surface.

A. absorbB. combinedC. contributeD. depthE. emissionsF. excursionG. exploreH. floorI. heightsJ. indifferentK. levelsL. mixedM. pictureN. unsureO. voyage

参考答案与解析

答案：26-A　27-C　28-K　29-G　30-M　31-O　32-B　33-E　34-D　35-N

解析：26 空 定位主语 'Earth's oceans' 与宾语 'heat' → 结合后文 'at twice the rate' 判断为吸收热量的动作 → 匹配动词搭配 'take on'（承担，吸收）
27 空 定位主语 'Warming waters' 与宾语 'coral bleaching' → 识别固定搭配 'contribute to'（导致，促成）
28 空 定位动词 'raising' 与宾语 → 识别固定搭配 'raise sea levels'（导致海平面上升）
29 空 定位主语 'its depths' 与形容词 'difficult' → 结合前文 'well studied' 形成对比 → 选择表示'研究/探测'的动词
30 空 定位空格前主语 'Earth's oceans' 与宾语 'heat' → 结合语境 'at twice the rate' 判断为吸收热量的动作 → 匹配动词搭配 'take on' (承担，吸收) → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格前 '19th century' 与后 'of British naval ships' → 结合语境 'collected by everything from... to...' 判断为收集数据的工具或组织 → 匹配名词 'fleet' (舰队) → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格位于主语 'The extensive data sources' 与谓语 'created' 之间 → 判断空格处为非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随或方式 → 结合语义 '与计算机模拟结合' → 匹配过去分词 'combined' → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前 'fossil fuel' → 结合语境 'warming from' 判断为化石燃料导致的变暖原因 → 匹配名词 'emissions' (排放) → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格前 'resides at a' 与后 'of more than 700 meters' → 结合语境 'deep-sea warming' 判断为描述深度位置 → 匹配名词 'depth' (深度) → 得出答案
35 空 定位主语 'They' 指代研究者 → 宾语从句 'whether...' 表示不确定性 → 结合科学报告语境，选择表示'不确定'的动词

考点：动词搭配 take on语境选词固定搭配 contribute to固定搭配 raise levels近义词辨析非谓语动词固定搭配

译文：题干：地球的海洋现在以18年前两倍的速度____热量。正确项：take on（承担，吸收）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AI first began to investigate the basis of human motivation—and how people persevere after setbacks—as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change—a state they called learned helplessness.
BPeople can learn to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in people's beliefs about why they had failed.
CIn particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.
DLater, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners—helpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different "theories" of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a "fixed mind-set( )." Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery- oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating( ); they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined( ) for greater academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.
EWe validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as "Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change." We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.
FAs predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard. They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind- set said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.
GSuch different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester—and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.
HA fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.
IHow do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of great mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.
JIn addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine. I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled "You Can Grow Your Brain." They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.
KResearch is converging on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even genius are typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift.
1. The author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability. （F）
2. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success. （C）
3. We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning. （I）
4. Students' belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks. （B）
5. In the author's experiment, students with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems. （G）
6. The author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students' mind-sets on math learning. （E）
7. After failing again and again, most animals give up hope. （A）
8. Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning. （J）
9. People with a fixed mind-set believe that one's intelligence is unchangeable. （D）
10. In the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set. （H）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-F　2-C　3-I　4-B　5-G　6-E　7-A　8-J　9-D　10-H

解析：36. 定位段落[D] → 识别“fixed mind-set”定义 → 匹配题干“固定型思维学生认为努力是低能力的标志”
37. 定位段落[C] → 识别实验结论“a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success” → 匹配题干“关注努力有效帮助儿童克服挫折并取得成功”
38. 定位段落[D]及后续（未完全给出） → 推断“growth mind-set”的培养方法 → 匹配题干“通过讲述强调努力和学习热爱的成功故事来培养成长型思维”
39. 定位段落[B] → 识别“beliefs about why they had failed” → 匹配题干“学生对失败原因的信念解释了他们对挫折的态度”
40. 定位段落[C]及[D] → 识别“mastery-oriented”学生（即growth mind-set）的特征 → 匹配题干“在作者的实验中，成长型思维的学生在解决困难数学问题时表现出更强的毅力”
41. 定位题干关键词 'experiment' 和 'mind-sets' → 在段落C中找到作者进行的关于努力与能力归因的实验 → 该实验旨在探究学生心态（归因方式）对数学学习的影响 → 匹配段落C
42. 定位题干关键词 'failing again and again' 和 'animals' → 在段落A中找到 'after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless' → 同义替换 'give up hope' 与 'conclude that a situation is hopeless' → 匹配段落A
43. 定位题干关键词 'informing students about the brain' 和 'enhance motivation' → 在段落J（未提供全文，但根据题型逻辑推断）中应包含关于向学生传授大脑可塑性知识以提升学习动机的内容 → 匹配段落J
44. 定位题干关键词 'fixed mind-set' 和 'intelligence is unchangeable' → 在段落D中找到 'The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that.' → 同义替换 'unchangeable' 与 'fixed characteristic' → 匹配段落D
45. 定位题干关键词 'workplace' 和 'feedback' 和 'fixed mind-set' → 在段落H（未提供全文，但根据题型逻辑推断）中应包含关于固定型心态管理者在职场中对反馈的反应 → 匹配段落H

考点：fixed mind-set定义effort与ability的关联focus on effortresolve helplessnessgenerate successgrowth mind-setcultivatesuccess storieshard workbeliefs about why they had failedattitude toward setbacksmastery-orientedperseverancedifficult math problems实验内容心态影响动物实验习得性无助教学策略动机提升固定型心态定义智力观职场应用反馈接受度

译文：题干：作者的实验表明，具有固定型思维的学生认为必须努力是低能力的标志。正确项F：固定型思维的学生将努力视为能力不足的证据。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation." Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well. Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare. The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty. Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages. Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste. While reformulating recipes is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches—including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes—will be needed. There is no silver bullet.

46. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco?
  1. A.They were profitable to manufacture.
  2. B.They were in ever-increasing demand.
  3. C.They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.
  4. D.They were no longer considered necessities of life.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Adam Smith的直接引语 → 提取其对三种商品的描述（nowhere necessaries of life, objects of almost universal consumption, extremely popular subjects of taxation） → 匹配选项C的同义改写（subject to taxation almost everywhere）

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：亚当·斯密对糖、酒和烟草有何评论？正确项C：它们几乎在所有地方都被征税。

47. Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?
  1. A.They are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets.
  2. B.They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.
  3. C.The practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.
  4. D.The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位政府考虑对糖征税的原因句 → 提取“surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems” → 推断出健康问题日益严重是动因 → 匹配选项B的同义改写（cope with sugar-induced health problems）

考点：因果推断同义改写

译文：题干：为什么许多国家开始考虑对糖征税？正确项B：它们发现越来越难以应对由糖引发的健康问题。

48. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?
  1. A.It did not work out as well as was expected.
  2. B.It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.
  3. C.It could not succeed without German cooperation.
  4. D.It met with firm opposition from the food industry.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位丹麦脂肪税案例 → 提取关键信息“was abandoned a year after its introduction”及原因“consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border” → 推断该税未达预期效果 → 匹配选项A的同义改写（did not work out as well as was expected）

考点：细节定位结果推断

译文：题干：关于丹麦对高脂肪���物的征税，我们了解到什么？正确项A：它没有像预期那样奏效。

49. What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?
  1. A.Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.
  2. B.Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.
  3. C.Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.
  4. D.Adjusting the physical composition of their products.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位“more recently”引导的最新努力 → 提取“adjust the fundamental make-up of the food”及例子“having salt on the outside, but none on the inside” → 理解其意为改变产品的物理构成 → 匹配选项D的同义改写（Adjusting the physical composition）

考点：细节定位语境理解同义改写

译文：题干：食品公司为使食品饮料既健康又美味所做的更近期努力是什么？正确项D：调整其产品的物理构成。

50. What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet" (Line 3-4, Para. 7)?
  1. A.There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.
  2. B.There is no hope of success without public cooperation.
  3. C.There is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.
  4. D.There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位结尾句“There is no silver bullet” → 结合前文“a mixture of approaches... will be needed”和“not just one solution” → 推断“silver bullet”比喻“简单快速的单一解决方案” → 匹配选项A的解释（no single easy quick solution）

考点：习语理解上下文推断

译文：题干：作者在文章结尾说“There is no silver bullet”是什么意思？正确项A：没有单一、简单、快速的解决方案。

You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway. Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model's body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry. The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence. "Especially girls and teens," says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That's especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness. Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18. In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with a BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."

51. What do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass?
  1. A.It has caused needless controversy.
  2. B.It is but a matter of personal taste.
  3. C.It is the focus of the modeling business.
  4. D.It affects models' health and safety.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'body mass' → 在语篇中定位到 'a model's body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Record和Austin对时尚模特的体重指数有何看法？正确项D：它影响模特的健康与安全。

52. What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?
  1. A.A change in the public's view of female beauty.
  2. B.Government legislation about models' weight.
  3. C.Elimination of forced weight loss by models.
  4. D.Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'advocating' 和 'editorial' → 在语篇中定位到 'made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Record和Austin在周一的社论中倡导什么？正确项B：关于模特体重的政府立法。

53. Why are Record and Austin especially worried about the low body mass index of models?
  1. A.It contributes to many mental illnesses.
  2. B.It defines the future of the fashion industry.
  3. C.It has great influence on numerous girls and women.
  4. D.It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runway.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'especially worried' → 在语篇中定位到 'worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么Record和Austin特别担心模特的低体重指数？正确项C：它对大量女孩和女性有很大影响。

54. What do we learn about France's fashion industry?
  1. A.It has difficulty hiring models.
  2. B.It now has a new law to follow.
  3. C.It allows girls under 18 on the runway.
  4. D.It has overtaken that of the United States.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'France' → 在语篇中定位到 'In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于法国时尚产业我们了解到什么？正确项B：它现在有一部新法律需要遵守。

55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?
  1. A.It will create a completely new set of rules.
  2. B.It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.
  3. C.It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.
  4. D.It will have models with a higher BMI.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'New York Fashion Week' → 在语篇中定位到 'Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week' → 结合前文法国立法内容进行推理

考点：推理判断指代衔接

译文：题干：Record对纽约时装周有何期望？正确项D：它将拥有体重指数更高的模特。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

When it comes to choosing a career after graduation, I would rather work in a joint venture than in a state- owned business. Though both offer decent prospects, I am firmly convinced that a joint venture suits me better. The main reason is that a joint venture provides a more competitive environment, where personal ability, rather than seniority, decides how far one can go. What attracts me most is the chance to work with foreign colleagues, learn advanced management skills and improve my English in daily practice. Besides, such companies usually offer higher salaries and reward hard work generously, which matters a lot to a fresh graduate like me. A state-owned business, by contrast, tends to be stable but slow, where a young talent may easily be buried by dull routine. For these reasons, I will not hesitate to choose a joint venture, because it offers exactly the growth and challenge that a young person truly needs.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

随着中国的改革开放,如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱,因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而,在中国传统文化中,白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住,白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物,尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样,礼金也不能装在白色的信封里,而要装在红色的信封里。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

With China’s reform and opening-up, many young people today prefer to hold Western-style weddings. The bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding, because white is regarded as a symbol of purity. However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is often the color used at funerals. Therefore, please bear in mind that white flowers should never be used as a gift to wish someone a quick recovery, and especially should not be given to the elderly or the seriously ill. Similarly, gift money should not be put in a white envelope, but rather in a red one.

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