2017年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2017年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2017 年 · 6月·第2套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2017年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Automakers and tech companies are working hard to offer the first true self-driving car. But 75% of drivers say they wouldn't feel safe in such a vehicle. Still, 60% of drivers would like to get some kind of self-driving feature, such as automatic braking or self-parking the next time they buy a new car. The attitudes are published in a new AAA survey of 1,800 drivers. Advocates of self-driving cars argue they would be safer than cars driven by humans because they wouldn't get distracted or drive when tired. But those surveyed by AAA say they trust their own driving skills. Many feel the technology is too new and unproven. John Nielsen, AAA's managing director of automotive engineering and repair, said tests suggest drivers may be overestimating their own abilities. He also believes they will be more likely to trust self-driving cars as they become more familiar with features such as automatic braking or parking. He estimated that the "comfort level" will increase considerably in five to ten years.

1. What is the finding of the AAA survey?
  1. A.The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves.
  2. B.Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving.
  3. C.Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.
  4. D.Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位AAA调查结果 → 同义替换 wouldn't feel safe → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：AAA调查的发现是什么？正确项C：大多数司机对自动驾驶的安全性感到不确定。

2. What does John Nielsen say about self-driving cars?
  1. A.Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.
  2. B.They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills.
  3. C.Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales.
  4. D.They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位John Nielsen的发言 → 同义替换 more likely to trust... as they become more familiar → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：John Nielsen对自动驾驶汽车说了什么？正确项A：司机在习惯自动驾驶设备后会感到安全。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska. Aliy Zirkle was the first to report an attack. A snowmobile driver had repeatedly attempted to harm her and her team, and one of Zirkle's dogs had received a non-life-threatening injury. Zirkle reported the attack when she arrived in Nulato, Alaska, in the early hours of the morning. Then Jeff King, a four- time champion, reported a similar attack. His team was hit by a snowmobile driver, injuring several dogs and killing a 3-year-old male dog. Reporter Zachariah Hughes says that neither King nor Zirkle was injured. Although this incident very much alters the race of the two participants competing for a win, both are going to continue on their way toward the finishing line. Alaska State Troopers released a statement saying they've arrested Arnold Demoski, 26. He faces trial on several charges. appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska.

3. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.
  2. B.A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers.
  3. C.Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.
  4. D.A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：概括新闻核心事件 → 同义替换 intentional attack on competitors → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：这则新闻主要关于什么？正确项C：对某些艾迪塔罗德比赛参赛者的袭击。

4. What do we learn about Jeff King?
  1. A.He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.
  2. B.He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.
  3. C.He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.
  4. D.He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Jeff King相关信息 → 同义替换 four-time champion → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于Jeff King我们了解到什么？正确项B：他曾四次赢得阿拉斯加艾迪塔罗德比赛。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A tour boat turned over off the coast of Nicaragua, killing at least 13 people and leaving more passengers missing, officials said. The boat was carrying 32 people—25 Costa Ricans, four Americans and three Nicaraguans. The 13 dead were all Costa Rican, the Foreign Ministry said. The boat, traveling between Nicaragua's Big Corn Island and Little Corn Island, turned over Saturday near the larger island. Some passengers remain missing, the Costa Rican Foreign Ministry said, but did not specify how many. A local radio said an unspecified number of people were rescued, including the tour boat's owner, Hilario Blandon. Nicaraguan naval authorities had banned sea travel in the area because of bad weather and strong winds, but the tour boat proceeded anyway. Blandon, the boat's owner, has been arrested by Nicaraguan authorities, the state-run news agency said. Both he and a crew member are being investigated for unintentional murder and exposing people to danger, according to police. passengers missing, officials said.

5. What happened to the tour boat sailing off the Nicaraguan coast?
  1. A.It sank into the sea due to overloading.
  2. B.It ran into Nicaragua's Big Corn Island.
  3. C.It disappeared between two large islands.
  4. D.It turned over because of strong winds.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位事故原因 → 同义替换 strong winds → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在尼加拉瓜海岸航行的游船发生了什么？正确项D：因强风而翻覆。

6. How many people was the boat carrying?
  1. A.13.
  2. B.25.
  3. C.30.
  4. D.32.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位数字信息 → 区分总人数、国籍人数与死亡人数 → 得出答案

考点：数字信息捕捉信息区分

译文：题干：这艘船当时载有多少人？正确项：32人。

7. What do we know about the owner of the boat?
  1. A.He has helped with the rescue effort.
  2. B.He is being investigated by the police.
  3. C.He was drowned with the passengers.
  4. D.He is among those people missing. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位船主相关信息 → 区分其行为（被救、被调查）与状态（未失踪、未死亡） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代与角色匹配

译文：题干：关于船主，我们了解什么？正确项：他正在接受警方调查。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Hi, Susan, you're looking very smart today. W: I always look smart, James. Actually, I'm on my way to a job interview. M: What job? Oh, you mean, for the summer holidays? W: Yeah. There's only two weeks to go. I've got a second interview with that big foreign accountancy firm in the city centre. You know the one. M: That's fantastic. W: The work is just helping out with data input, you know. But the pay isn't too bad. It might suit you too. I know they have at least two temporary positions available. And I don't think they have anyone else yet. M: Hmm. If they take you on, tell them you know a friend who'd be really good too. I really need the money and the experience would look good on my resume. Maybe we'll be working together—the dream team. W: OK. We'll do. If the boss likes me, I'll mention it. It'll be good to have someone around who I know. I'll phone you afterwards. But perhaps you should put in an application anyway. M: Thanks, Susan. That's great. Listen, do you want a lift to the city? I have my dad's car today and nothing else to do this morning. W: Sure. Thanks, James.

8. Where will Susan probably get a job?
  1. A.At a shopping centre.
  2. B.At a community college.
  3. C.At an accountancy firm.
  4. D.At an IT company.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位工作地点描述 → 识别公司性质（accountancy firm） → 得出答案

考点：场景词汇识别细节定位

译文：题干：苏珊可能会在哪里找到工作？正确项：在一家会计事务所。

9. What will Susan's future job involve?
  1. A.Helping out with data input.
  2. B.Arranging interviews.
  3. C.Sorting application forms.
  4. D.Making phone calls.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位工作内容描述 → 识别具体任务（data input） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：苏珊未来的工作将涉及什么？正确项：协助进行数据输入。

10. Why does James want the job in that company?
  1. A.He enjoys using computers.
  2. B.He needs the money badly.
  3. C.He wants to work in the city centre.
  4. D.He has relevant working experience.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位詹姆斯表达动机的语句 → 提取核心原因（need the money） → 得出答案

考点：推理判断细节定位

译文：题干：詹姆斯为什么想要那份工作？正确项：他急需用钱。

11. What does James say he will have to do to prepare for the interview?
  1. A.Purchase some business suits.
  2. B.Learn some computer language.
  3. C.Improve his programming skills.
  4. D.Review some accountancy terms.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位James关于面试准备的陈述 → 识别其提及的具体行动 → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位语境选词

译文：题干：James说他将为面试做何准备？正确项：复习一些会计术语。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: There's new data out today that confirms that many Americans are not good at math. And when it comes to everyday technology skills, we are dead last when compared to other developed countries. Here's Gabrielle Emanuel of National Public Radio.

12. What does the man say about Americans?
  1. A.They are keen on high technology.
  2. B.They are poor at technology skills.
  3. C.They often listen to National Public Radio.
  4. D.They feel superior in science and technology.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士对美国人技能的直接评价 → 识别‘terrible at technology skills’ → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：男士对美国人有何评价？正确项：他们在技术技能方面很差。

13. Who performed the best in technology skills according to the man?
  1. A.Japanese.
  2. B.Germans.
  3. C.Poles.
  4. D.Americans.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关于技术技能排名的对话 → 识别‘Japan did the best’ → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：根据男士，谁在技术技能方面表现最好？正确项：日本人。

14. In what aspect did American college students perform well?
  1. A.Emailing.
  2. B.Texting.
  3. C.Science.
  4. D.Literacy.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关于美国大学生表现的陈述 → 识别‘In literacy, they were actually doing better’ → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：美国大学生在哪方面表现良好？正确项：读写能力。

15. What do we learn from the conversation about American high school education?
  1. A.It is undergoing a drastic reform.
  2. B.It lays emphasis on creative thinking.
  3. C.It has much room for improvement.
  4. D.It prioritizes training of practical skills. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关于美国高中毕业生的描述 → 识别‘look a lot like other countries' high school dropouts’及‘need to think about the preparedness’ → 推断出教育系统有待改进

考点：推理判断细节定位

译文：题干：关于美国高中教育我们了解到什么？正确项：它有很大改进空间。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Wild carrots probably evolved with the other flowering plants about 360 million years ago. Like apples, carrots are native to Central Asia. That's why horses, which also come from Central Asia, like both apples and carrots so much. With wild carrots, the roots are white, small and skinny, so you'd have to pick a lot of wild carrots to get enough to eat. Doctors used carrot seeds and roots as medicine, on the theory that foods that taste bad must be good for you. Around 800 AD, people in Central Asia managed to develop a new kind of carrot—a purple carrot— that attracted more interest from international traders. Then, in the late 1500s, food scientists in the Netherlands cultivated large, straight, sweet, red carrots like the ones we eat today. But people still mostly fed carrots to horses, donkeys and pigs, and didn't eat them themselves. In the 1600s, people in China used carrots as medicine, but they also ate carrots boiled in soup. The red color was popular for Chinese New Year celebrations. But carrots got their biggest boost during the two world wars, when food shortages forced people to eat them, and governments told everyone how healthy carrots were. Today, cooler countries grow most of the world's carrots. Machines do most of the planting and picking, and carrots are easy to store and ship, so they are cheap almost everywhere. carrots to get enough to eat.

16. What do we learn from the talk about wild carrots?
  1. A.They have small roots.
  2. B.They grow white flowers.
  3. C.They taste like apples.
  4. D.They come from Central Africa.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位描述野生胡萝卜特征的句子 → 提取‘roots are white, small and skinny’ → 同义替换为‘small roots’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于野生胡萝卜，我们从谈话中了解到什么？正确项：它们的根很小。

17. What does the speaker say about carrots in the late 1500s?
  1. A.They turned from white to purple in color.
  2. B.They became popular on the world market.
  3. C.They became an important food for humans.
  4. D.They began to look like modern-day carrots.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位时间点‘in the late 1500s’ → 提取‘cultivated large, straight, sweet, red carrots like the ones we eat today’ → 同义替换为‘began to look like modern-day carrots’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于16世纪末的胡萝卜，说话者说了什么？正确项：它们开始看起来像现代的胡萝卜。

18. Why did people turn to carrots for food during the two world wars?
  1. A.They were found quite nutritious.
  2. B.There were serious food shortages.
  3. C.People discovered their medicinal value.
  4. D.Farm machines helped lower their prices.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位时间点‘during the two world wars’ → 提取原因‘food shortages forced people to eat them’ → 同义替换为‘serious food shortages’

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：为什么人们在两次世界大战期间转向食用胡萝卜？正确项：因为出现了严重的食物短缺。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Katherine loved Facebook. With Facebook she could stay connected with her family no matter how far away they were. She could see their photos and read their status updates. With Facebook she could keep her relatives up-to-date on what she was doing. Another thing Katherine loved about Facebook was that she didn't have to think about time zones when updating family. Whenever she called her parents or other relatives, she always had to think about the time difference so that she wouldn't wake someone up or call when she knew they were at church. Facebook was so convenient. When Katherine joined Facebook, some of her classmates at high school started to add her as a friend. At first, this didn't bother her. She loved learning about the success of people she knew when she was just a teenager. She loved finding out people were getting married, having babies, and traveling. Soon, however, Katherine found herself comparing herself with the people she was reading about on Facebook. It began to make her feel bad that some people seemed to be doing so much better than she was. She was also spending a lot of time on Facebook. It took a lot of time and energy to keep up with everyone's status updates. Katherine started to think. She looked at the list of over 500 friends she had on Facebook and realized some of them were not really friends at all. zones when updating family.

19. What was one particular convenience Katherine loved about Facebook?
  1. A.She could update her family any time she liked.
  2. B.She could call up her family whenever she liked
  3. C.She could locate her friends wherever they were.
  4. D.She could download as many pictures as she liked.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘Another thing Katherine loved about Facebook was that...’ → 提取‘she didn't have to think about time zones when updating family’ → 同义替换为‘update her family any time she liked’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Katherine喜欢Facebook的哪个特别便利之处？正确项：她可以在任何喜欢的时候更新家人的动态。

20. How did Katherine feel when her classmates added her as a Facebook friend?
  1. A.She liked to inform her friends about her success.
  2. B.She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.
  3. C.She felt quite popular among them.
  4. D.She felt she was a teenager again.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘When Katherine joined Facebook...’ → 提取‘At first, this didn't bother her. She loved learning about the success of people she knew...’ → 推断其感受为‘enjoyed reading’

考点：细节定位态度推断

译文：题干：当Katherine的同学在Facebook上加她为好友时，她感觉如何？正确项：她喜欢阅读朋友们的动态更新。

21. What made Katherine feel bad about herself later on?
  1. A.She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends.
  2. B.She spent more time updating her friends than her family.
  3. C.She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work.
  4. D.She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位信号句 'Katherine found herself comparing herself with the people... It began to make her feel bad that some people seemed to be doing so much better than she was.' → 同义替换 'doing so much better' 为 'doing as well as' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：后来是什么让凯瑟琳对自己感觉不好？ 正确项D：她似乎没有她的脸书朋友们做得那么好。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Do you know where a mule comes from? It is the child of a donkey and a horse. Mules have strong muscles like horses, but they eat less, can work longer, and are gentler, like donkeys. George Washington was the first person in the United States to own mules. He had heard that mules made good farm animals and he contacted the U. S. ambassador in Spain to ask about them. In 1785, King Charles III of Spain sent Washington a male donkey as a gift. That male donkey became the father of the mule industry in the U.S. Every April, Maury County holds a Mule Day celebration. Held in Columbia, Tennessee, Mule Day had its beginnings as "Breeder's Day" in the 1840s. Farmers and farm animal breeders would bring their animals to market every April to show, buy, and trade. This was an important business before the days of tractors, when many families made a living from farming and mules were used as work animals. Eventually, tractors began to replace mules, making them less in demand. A parade was added to Mule Day in 1934 to attract more people. Over the years other activities have been added, and today more than 200,000 people show up each year to watch and participate. If you visit during Mule Day celebrations, you might see mule-driving contests, square dances, horse shows or even tree-cutting competitions. like donkeys.

22. What does the speaker say about mules?
  1. A.They have strong muscles.
  2. B.They live a longer life than horses.
  3. C.They eat much less in winter.
  4. D.They can work longer than donkeys.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位描述骡子特征的句子 'Mules have strong muscles like horses...' → 直接匹配选项A 'They have strong muscles.' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位直接匹配

译文：题干：关于骡子，说话者说了什么？ 正确项A：它们有强壮的肌肉。

23. What do we learn about the donkey which is said to be the father of the U. S. mule industry?
  1. A.It was a pet of a Spanish king.
  2. B.It was bought by George Washington.
  3. C.It was brought over from Spain.
  4. D.It was donated by a U.S. ambassador.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键句 'King Charles III of Spain sent Washington a male donkey as a gift.' → 推理：西班牙国王赠送 → 驴来自西班牙 → 同义替换为 'brought over from Spain' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理

译文：题干：关于那头被称为美国骡子产业之父的驴，我们了解到什么？ 正确项C：它是从西班牙带来的。

24. What did farmers usually do on Mule Day in the 1840s?
  1. A.They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding.
  2. B.They participated in a mule-driving competition.
  3. C.They showed and traded animals in the market.
  4. D.They fed mules with the best food they could find.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位时间状语 'in the 1840s' 和动作描述 'Farmers and farm animal breeders would bring their animals to market every April to show, buy, and trade.' → 直接匹配选项C → 得出答案

考点：细节定位直接匹配

译文：题干：在19世纪40年代，农民们通常在骡子日做什么？ 正确项C：他们在市场上展示和交易动物。

25. What made mules less in demand in America?
  1. A.The wider use of horses.
  2. B.The arrival of tractors.
  3. C.A shrinking animal trade.
  4. D.A growing donkey population.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位因果句 'Eventually, tractors began to replace mules, making them less in demand.' → 直接匹配原因 'tractors began to replace mules' 为 'The arrival of tractors' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：是什么让骡子在美国的需求减少了？ 正确项B：拖拉机的到来。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During [26] exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a [27] called "central fatigue," in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements [28] . It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly [29] in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate( ) [30] either with a moderate dose of caffeine , which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo without, during 3 hours of [31] . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still [32] their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, [33] their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was [34] to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying [35] eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

A. cautiouslyB. commitC. controlD. cyclingE. effectivelyF. increasedG. involvedH. limitedI. phenomenonJ. preventingK. sensitiveL. slowingM. solutionN. sufficientO. vigorous

参考答案与解析

答案：26-O　27-I　28-E　29-G　30-M　31-D　32-C　33-J　34-N　35-F

解析：26 空 定位空格前 'During' → 判断空格需修饰名词 'exercise' → 结合后文 'muscles tire' 与 'run out of fuel' 推断为持续性运动 → 选择 'prolonged'（长时间的）
27 空 定位空格后 'called "central fatigue"' → 判断空格需填入一个表示现象或状态的名词 → 结合 'imbalance' 与 'prevents' 推断为负面过程 → 选择 'phenomenon'（现象）
28 空 定位空格前 'directing muscle movements' → 判断空格需副词修饰动词 'directing' → 结合 'imbalance' 与 'prevents' 推断为负面结果 → 选择 'effectively'（有效地）
29 空 定位空格前 'not directly' → 判断空格需非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 'motor systems' → 结合 'in the exercise itself' 推断为被动关系 → 选择 'involved'（参与）
30 空 定位空格前 'a carbohydrate' → 判断空格需名词作宾语 → 结合 'either with... or as a placebo' 推断为实验中的物质 → 选择 'solution'（溶液）
31 空 定位空格前后的动词不定式结构 'to see how well their brains could still ___ their visual system' → 根据语境（大脑如何指挥视觉系统）与动词搭配（control/direct）进行同义替换 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格前后的因果逻辑 'exercise reduced the speed... by about 8%, ___ their ability to capture new visual information' → 根据语境（速度降低导致能力受损）选择表示'削弱/损害'的动词 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前后的被动语态与实验目的 'The caffeine... was ___ to reverse this effect' → 根据语境（咖啡因被用于逆转效果）选择表示'发现/证明'的动词 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格前后的比较结构 'with some cyclists even displaying ___ eye movement speeds' → 根据语境（咖啡因逆转效果，部分骑手眼动速度甚至超过基线）选择表示'更快/更高'的形容词 → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格前后的建议句式 'So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon' → 根据语境（运动后视觉能力受损，不宜驾驶）选择表示'疲劳/受损'的形容词 → 得出答案

考点：语境选词动词搭配 take on固定搭配非谓语动词动词搭配因果逻辑被动语态比较结构建议句式

译文：题干：在{{26}}运动期间，我们的肌肉会因燃料耗尽和废物堆积而疲劳。正确项：prolonged（长时间的）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

ATeams have become the basic building blocks of organizations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for "team players". Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilization, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, "Global Human Capital Trends", based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.
BCompanies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy .
CThe fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility . John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that "we compete against market transitions , not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two." Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The "millennials" who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
DThe fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.
EA good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, "Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision- making." The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, "I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don't count on it."
FHackman (who died in 2013) noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free- riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
GProfound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use "team" as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.
HThe least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism : the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more "inclusive" is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that "If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big." They need to immunize teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain "deviants" who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.
IA new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are "engaged" is to give them more control over where and how they do their work―which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.
JHowever, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction―employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.
1. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action. （H）
2. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations. （D）
3. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams. （B）
4. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work. （J）
5. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture. （G）
6. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies. （A）
7. Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose. （F）
8. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders. （E）
9. To ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work. （I）
10. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past. （C）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-H　2-D　3-B　4-J　5-G　6-A　7-F　8-E　9-I　10-C

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'team leaders' 和 'take prompt action' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [H] 中关于领导者决策与行动的描述 → 同义替换 'know exactly where the team should go' 为 'set clear goals'，'take prompt action' 为 'act decisively' → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'Decentralisation of authority' 和 'military operations' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [D] 中关于军事行动中权力下放的描述 → 同义替换 'more effective' 为 'proved successful' → 得出答案
38. 定位题干关键词 'conventional form of organisation' 和 'network of teams' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [B] 中关于组织形式转变的描述 → 同义替换 'giving way to' 为 'is being replaced by' → 得出答案
39. 定位题干关键词 'poorly managed teams' 和 'distracted' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [J] 中关于管理不善团队问题的描述 → 同义替换 'easily distracted from their work' 为 'lose focus on their tasks' → 得出答案
40. 定位题干关键词 'team members share the same culture' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [G] 中关于团队文化一致性的描述 → 同义替换 'most effective' 为 'achieve the best results'，'share the same culture' 为 'have a shared culture' → 得出答案
41. 定位关键词 'Deloitte' → 在段落A中找到对应报告 → 匹配报告内容 'fashion for teamwork has reached a new high' 与题干 'increasingly popular' → 得出答案
42. 定位关键词 'agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose' → 在语篇中寻找对应问题描述 → 匹配段落F（未提供，但根据题型逻辑推断） → 得出答案
43. 定位关键词 'scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable' → 在语篇中寻找学者观点或批评性内容 → 匹配段落E（未提供，但根据题型逻辑推断） → 得出答案
44. 定位关键词 'employees' commitment' 和 'flexibility as to where and how they work' → 在语篇中寻找关于员工承诺和工作灵活性的描述 → 匹配段落I（未提供，但根据题型逻辑推断） → 得出答案
45. 定位关键词 'Product transitions' 和 'take much less time now' → 在段落C中找到对应描述 'Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.' → 匹配题干 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断观点匹配

译文：题干：成功的团队领导者确切地知道团队应该往哪里走，并且能够迅速采取行动。正确项H：成功的团队领导者设定明确的目标并果断行动。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown. Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives. This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £1.12 billion in 2015, according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016. In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015. Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll―to save money. "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume," said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. "These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer." While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%). One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.

46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because_____.
  1. A.Britons have cut their spending on it
  2. B.its prices have gone up over the years
  3. C.its quality has seen marked improvement
  4. D.Britons have developed the habit of saving
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首段因果关系 → 提取‘spending less money...to save money’与‘choose cheaper products’ → 同义替换为‘cut their spending’

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：英国卫生纸市场销售额下降的原因是_____。正确项A：英国人削减了在这方面的开支。

47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?
  1. A.It will expand in time.
  2. B.It will remain gloomy.
  3. C.It will experience ups and downs.
  4. D.It will recover as population grows.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘future of the market looks far from rosy’ → 解析‘far from rosy’的隐喻含义 → 同义替换为‘remain gloomy’

考点：观点态度推断隐喻理解

译文：题干：作者对英国纸巾市场的未来有何看法？正确项B：它将保持低迷。

48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?
  1. A.Special offers would promote its sales.
  2. B.Consumers are loyal to certain brands.
  3. C.Luxurious features add much to the price.
  4. D.Consumers have a variety to choose from.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Jack Duckett的直接引语 → 提取‘These extra features are deemed unnecessary...typically more expensive’ → 同义替换为‘Luxurious features add much to the price’

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：Jack Duckett对卫生纸有何评论？正确项C：奢华特性大大增加了价格。

49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?
  1. A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.
  2. B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.
  3. C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.
  4. D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘remain fussy...when it comes to paper quality’及具体质量指标排序 → 推断‘fussy’对应‘particular about’ → 排除其他选项的细节错误

考点：细节定位同义替换细节排除

译文：题干：关于英国人与卫生纸，我们了解到什么？正确项A：他们对卫生纸的质量很挑剔。

50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
  1. A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.
  2. B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.
  3. C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.
  4. D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位末段核心信息‘environment is much less of a consideration...than product quality’ → 推断其含义为环保非首要考虑 → 同义替换为选项D

考点：段落主旨推断同义改写

译文：题干：从最后一段我们可以推断出什么？正确项D：当英国人购买卫生纸时，环境保护并非主要考虑因素。

"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford. By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely. In her study, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day. Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support. And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'" says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings( ) and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective," says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. "When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it," Ferreira says. People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
  1. A.She quit smoking with her daughter's help.
  2. B.She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
  3. C.She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
  4. D.She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首段关于Lindson-Hawley母亲的描述 → 提取‘quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely’ → 同义替换为‘succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：林森-霍利关于她母亲说了什么？正确项：她成功地突然戒烟了。

52. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?
  1. A.They were given physical training.
  2. B.They were looked after by physicians.
  3. C.They were encouraged by psychologists.
  4. D.They were offered nicotine replacements.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位描述研究支持措施的段落 → 提取‘used nicotine patches...in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray’ → 同义替换为‘offered nicotine replacements’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在林森-霍利的研究中，吸烟者获得了哪种支持来戒烟？正确项：他们获得了尼古丁替代品。

53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?
  1. A.It is idealized.
  2. B.It is unexpected.
  3. C.It is encouraging.
  4. D.It is misleading.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Dr. Gabriela Ferreira的直接引语 → 提取‘that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement’ → 推断其态度为‘encouraging’

考点：观点态度推断同义替换

译文：题干：加布里埃拉·费雷拉博士如何看待林森-霍利实验的结果？正确项：它是鼓舞人心的。

54. The idea of "a marathon" (Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking
  1. A.is something few can accomplish
  2. B.needs some practice first
  3. C.requires a lot of patience
  4. D.is a challenge at the beginning
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘a marathon’所在句及上下文 → 理解比喻：马拉松需要训练，人们认为戒烟也需要‘practice’（练习） → 推断该比喻说明的普遍看法是‘needs some practice first’

考点：比喻推理上下文指代

译文：题干：第5段第2行的‘马拉松’这一概念说明了哪种普遍看法，即戒烟……正确项：需要先进行一些练习。

55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
  1. A.They find it even more difficult.
  2. B.They are simply unable to make it.
  3. C.They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.
  4. D.They feel much less pain in the process.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位描述逐渐戒烟后果的段落 → 提取‘gave them cravings and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day’ → 推断这导致过程更困难

考点：因果推理同义替换

译文：题干：当人们尝试逐渐戒烟时会发生什么？正确项：他们发现这甚至更困难。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content, their condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Second-hand Course Books for Sale Are you searching for affordable course books for the new term? I am selling several textbooks I used at college, including An Introduction to Economics and College English Reading. Both of them are clearly written, well organized and perfect for freshmen. All the books are in excellent condition. I bought them only one year ago and kept them carefully, so there are almost no marks inside. They look nearly new, with clean pages and undamaged covers. The prices are very reasonable. Each book originally cost about sixty yuan, but now I am offering them at only twenty-five yuan each. If you buy both, you can take them home for just forty yuan. If you are interested, please feel free to contact me. You can email me at lucky2024@campus.com or call me at 123-4567-8901. Don't miss this great chance to get quality books at a low price!

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域(river basin )居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来,长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world. It flows through diverse ecosystems, is home to many endangered species, and irrigates one fifth of China's land. One third of China's population lives in the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, the Yangtze plays an important role in China's history, culture and economy. For instance, the Yangtze River Delta produces as much as 20% of China's GNP. In addition, for thousands of years, the Yangtze has been used for water supply, transportation and industrial production. Furthermore, the world's largest hydropower station is located on the Yangtze.

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