2018年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2018年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2018 年 · 6月·第2套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2018年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Kelly Swisher, an Arkansas woman, escaped injury and managed to safely stop her car after a 4-foot- long rat snake came out from under her car seat and slid across her feet as she was driving down the highway. Rat snakes aren't poisonous or a threat to people generally. But the woman says the snake she encountered Thursday terrified her out of her wits. "It was rough, with big scales," said Swisher, who was on her way to pick up her friend at the airport when it happened. "I don't know whether I had my hands on the steering wheel or not. I am not the most flexible person in the world, but I can guarantee my knees were up next to my ears." She said the snake first slid back under the seat, and she hoped it would stay there until she was able to get off the highway and stop. "That didn't work out," she said. "Here he comes, and he wound up in my back seat before I could finally get off the road, stop and get out of the car." She called for help. And Washington County animal control officers came and captured the snake. generally.

1. How did Kelly Swisher feel when she first came across the rat snake?
  1. A.Annoyed.
  2. B.Scared.
  3. C.Confused.
  4. D.Offended.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位转折词But后的直接引语 → 提取情感形容词terrified → 同义替换为Scared

考点：转折信号词捕捉观点态度识别同义替换

译文：题干：Kelly Swisher第一次遇到鼠蛇时感觉如何？正确项：害怕的。

2. What does the report say about the snake?
  1. A.It crawled over the woman's hands.
  2. B.It wound up on the steering wheel.
  3. C.It was killed by the police on the spot.
  4. D.It was covered with large scales.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位描述蛇外貌的直接引语 → 提取big scales → 匹配选项D的large scales

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于这条蛇，报道说了什么？正确项：它覆盖着大鳞片。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Fast food, it turns out, isn't quite as fast as it used to be. A new study finds that McDonald's posted its slowest drive-through times since this survey was first conducted fifteen years ago. At McDonald's, customers will spend on average three minutes and nine seconds from the time they placed their orders until they received their food. That's about ten seconds more than the industry average—and a lot slower than a decade ago, according to the study, which was commissioned by QSR, an industry trade publication. And McDonald's wasn't alone in slowing down: Other chains also saw their drive-through performance slow down. Among the reasons for the slower service, today there are more choices on the menu, and the products themselves are more complex and take longer to prepare. Speed, of course, is essential to the drive-through experience. And drive-throughs are hugely important to chains, such as McDonald's, Burger King and Taco Bell. "Usually the drive-through accounts for sixty to seventy percent of all business that goes through a fast-food restaurant," notes Sam Ochers, editor of QSR. Of course, consumers also want their orders prepared correctly and on that score, Ochers says, "accuracy is still really high."

3. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.A study of the fast-food service.
  2. B.Fast food customer satisfaction.
  3. C.McDonald's new business strategies.
  4. D.Competition in the fast-food industry.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首句主题句 → 概括全文核心（一项关于快餐服务的研究） → 匹配选项A

考点：主旨大意概括归纳

译文：题干：这则新闻报道主要关于什么？正确项：一项关于快餐服务的研究。

4. What has slowed down McDonald's drive-through service?
  1. A.Customers' higher demands.
  2. B.The inefficiency of employees.
  3. C.Increased variety of products.
  4. D.The rising number of customers.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位原因引导句Among the reasons → 提取more choices和more complex → 同义替换为Increased variety of products

考点：细节定位同义替换因果关系

译文：题干：是什么拖慢了麦当劳的得来速服务？正确项：产品种类的增加。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The first private mission outside of Earth's orbit is closer than many of us think. U.S. government officials are set to approve a mission by privately-held space company Moon Express to travel outside of Earth's orbit in late 2017. Moon Express's mission involves plans to land a suitcase-sized package of scientific equipment on the moon for ongoing exploration and commercial development. The decision involved months of lobbying and coordinated conversations between a number of federal agencies. Under international treaties, the U.S. is responsible for the cargo of both public and private spacecraft. This makes commercial space travel a complex legal issue not just domestically, but abroad. A Moon Express representative declined to comment on the story but noted that the company is very optimistic about its proposal. Moon Express is not the only company seeking the rights to travel to outer space. Elon Musk's SpaceX aims to send an unmanned aircraft to Mars by 2018. Moon Express to travel outside of Earth's orbit in late 2017. mission outside of Earth's orbit is closer than many of us think.

5. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.International treaties regarding space travel programs.
  2. B.Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.
  3. C.U.S. government's approval of private space missions.
  4. D.Competition among public and private space companies.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首句主题句 → 概括全文核心（美国政府批准私人太空任务） → 匹配选项C

考点：主旨大意概括归纳

译文：题干：这则新闻报道主要关于什么？正确项：美国政府对私人太空任务的批准。

6. What is Moon Express planning to do?
  1. A.Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.
  2. B.Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.
  3. C.Work with federal agencies on space programs.
  4. D.Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干主语Moon Express → 听到其mission involves plans to land... → 同义替换为Deliver scientific equipment to the moon

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Moon Express计划做什么？ 正确项：向月球运送科学设备。

7. What does Moon Express think of its mission?
  1. A.It is significant.
  2. B.It is promising.
  3. C.It is unpredictable.
  4. D.It is unprofitable. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干主语Moon Express → 听到其代表‘noted that the company is very optimistic about its proposal’ → 同义替换为It is promising

考点：观点态度同义替换

译文：题干：Moon Express如何看待其任务？ 正确项：它是有希望的。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Hey, Sophia, how are you doing?

8. What does the woman say she is doing now?
  1. A.Visiting her family in Thailand.
  2. B.Showing friends around Phuket.
  3. C.Swimming around a Thai island.
  4. D.Lying in the sun on a Thai beach.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干‘doing now’ → 听到‘I am now lying on the beach in Phuket’ → 同义替换为Lying in the sun on a Thai beach

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士说她现在正在做什么？ 正确项：躺在泰国海滩的阳光下。

9. What did the woman do yesterday?
  1. A.She visited a Thai orphanage.
  2. B.She met a Thai girl's parents.
  3. C.She learned some Thai words.
  4. D.She sunbathed on a Thai beach.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干‘yesterday’ → 听到‘I met a guy from Germany yesterday. He showed me around the orphanage’ → 同义替换为She visited a Thai orphanage

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士昨天做了什么？ 正确项：她参观了一个泰国孤儿院。

10. Why does the man have to end the conversation?
  1. A.His class will start in a minute.
  2. B.He has got an incoming phone call.
  3. C.Someone is knocking at his door.
  4. D.His phone is running out of power.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干‘end the conversation’ → 听到男士说‘My phone battery is almost dead now’ → 同义替换为His phone is running out of power

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士为什么必须结束对话？ 正确项：他的手机快没电了。

11. Why does the man ask the woman to bring him something from Thailand?
  1. A.He is interested in Thai artworks.
  2. B.He is going to open a souvenir shop.
  3. C.He collects things from different countries.
  4. D.He wants to know more about Thai culture.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士请求（Remember to get me something）→ 关联其解释（I like to collect bits and pieces from different parts of the world）→ 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：男士为什么让女士从泰国给他带东西？正确项：他收集来自不同国家的东西。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Hi, David. There's a new gym opening in town today. Would you like to go with me this afternoon? M: Yes, more than glad to. I haven't been to a gym for ages. I need to do some exercise to tone up. W: Then this is a good chance. They sent me an invitation with a note saying I could take a friend for free on the first day. Also, if we both sign up before Friday, we can get a discount on a six- month membership. M: Great. Count me in. I really want to lose some of this belly fat and turn it into muscle. But I'm not sure which of the gym equipment would best help. W: Well, I'm no expert at that, but I think you can try lifting weights and do at least 200 sit-ups twice a day. M: I've never tried weight-lifting before. Is it dangerous? W: No, not at all, if you know some of the basics. Don't worry, I'll show you the rules. I used to practice this at another gym before my membership ended. I'll be your personal trainer. M: Thank you. What other equipment do they have? W: Well, like all gyms, they have all sorts of things to help build up muscles in different parts of the body, like applied bicycles, chest stretching machines, and running machines. You could use any of these to suit your purpose. Now the gym opens at noon. So can we meet up in town at 1:30 p.m.? M: Perfect. See you there, coach. afternoon?

12. What are the speakers talking about?
  1. A.Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym.
  2. B.Opening a gym and becoming personal trainers.
  3. C.Signing up for a weight-loss course.
  4. D.Trying out a new gym in town.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：抓取对话首句核心提议（new gym opening... go with me）→ 排除偏离主题的选项 → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意首句定位

译文：题干：说话者在谈论什么？正确项：尝试镇上新开的健身房。

13. What does the gym offer at its opening?
  1. A.Professional personal training.
  2. B.Free exercise for the first week.
  3. C.A discount for a half-year membership.
  4. D.Additional benefits for young couples.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位健身房开业优惠信息（discount on a six-month membership）→ 识别同义替换（half-year = six-month）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：健身房开业提供什么？正确项：半年会员资格的折扣。

14. What is the man concerned about?
  1. A.The safety of weight-lifting.
  2. B.The high membership fee.
  3. C.The renewal of his membership.
  4. D.The operation of fitness equipment.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士提问（Is it dangerous?）→ 关联其担忧对象（weight-lifting）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位意图推断

译文：题干：男士担心什么？正确项：举重的安全性。

15. What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
  1. A.She wants her invitation renewed.
  2. B.She used to do 200 sit-ups every day.
  3. C.She knows the basics of weight-lifting.
  4. D.She used to be the gym's personal trainer. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士陈述（I used to practice this... I'll show you the rules）→ 推断其具备举重基础知识 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位合理推断

译文：题干：我们从对话中了解到女士的什么信息？正确项：她了解举重的基础知识。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In today's job market, it's now common for job seekers to send applications for many positions. That involves lots of time and lots of work to organize. Certainly, you can't wait to waste your precious hours on following the developments in a disorderly fashion and miss important deadlines, confuse interview times, or forget to follow up a result. Accordingly, managing your job search properly is just as important as identifying job opportunities and submitting your applications. If you are familiar with Microsoft Excel or a similar program, creating a table is a simple and effective way to keep track of your job applications. If Excel isn't quite your cup of tea, don't worry, you can create a table in Microsoft Word or a similar word processor. Google is another tool to help you get organized effectively. If you have a Gmail account, you can create, save and send tables in addition to written documents like your cover letter and resume. You can also link up with Google Calendar to make sure you stay on top of important dates. Clearly, there are plenty of ways to keep track of your job search and making the effort to simplify your job search will pay off. Nevertheless, you should always focus on quality, not quantity. Only apply for positions you are qualified for, and make each application count, personalizing each cover letter, and updating and editing your resume. many positions.

16. What does the speaker say about today's jobseekers?
  1. A.They tend to be nervous during interviews.
  2. B.They often apply for a number of positions.
  3. C.They worry about the results of their applications.
  4. D.They search extensively for employers' information.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首句 → 同义替换 many positions → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

17. What can job applicants do with the help of Google?
  1. A.Get better organized.
  2. B.Edit their references.
  3. C.Find better-paid jobs.
  4. D.Analyze the searching process.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位 Google 工具描述 → 同义替换 get organized effectively → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

18. What does the speaker suggest job seekers do?
  1. A.Provide their data in detail.
  2. B.Personalize each application.
  3. C.Make use of better search engines.
  4. D.Apply for more promising positions.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位建议部分 → 同义替换 personalizing each cover letter → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Some people say, if kids didn't happen to go to school, they'd all be out in the streets. My reply is "No, they wouldn't." First, even if schools stay just what they are, children would spend at least some time there, because that's where they'd be likely to find their friends. Second, schools wouldn't stay the way they are. They'd get better, because we would have to start making them what they ought to be right now. Last, if we stirred up our brains and gave children a little help, those who did not want to go to school could find other things to do — things many children now do during their holidays. There's something easier we could do. We need to get kids out of the school buildings, give them a chance to learn about the world at first hand. In Philadelphia and Portland, Oregon, plans are being drawn up for public schools that won't have any school buildings at all. That will take the students out into the city and help them to use it and its people as a resource. In other words, students perhaps in groups, perhaps independently, will go to libraries, museums, exhibitions, courtrooms, radios and TV stations, meetings, businesses, and laboratories to learn about their world and society at first hand. A small private school in Washington is already doing this. It makes sense. We need more of it. If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.

19. What are some people worried about according to the speaker?
  1. A.If kids did not like school, real learning would not take place.
  2. B.If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.
  3. C.If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest.
  4. D.If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 some people 观点 → 同义替换 didn't happen to go to school → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

20. What does the speaker think we could do for the kids who dislike school?
  1. A.Allow them to play interesting games in class.
  2. B.Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.
  3. C.Let them stay home and learn from their parents.
  4. D.Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位 those who did not want to go to school → 同义替换 things many children now do during their holidays → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

21. What does the speaker say is the easier thing we could do?
  1. A.Allow kids to learn at their own pace.
  2. B.Encourage kids to learn from each other.
  3. C.Organize kids into various interest groups.
  4. D.Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'easier thing' → 听到 'There's something easier we could do' 后，捕捉其具体解释 'get kids out of the school buildings, give them a chance to learn about the world at first hand' → 同义替换为 'Take kids out of school to learn at first hand'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：说话者说我们能做的更容易的事情是什么？ 正确项D：带孩子走出学校，亲身体验学习。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between. Dance in America is everywhere. We dance from Florida to Alaska, from horizon to horizon, and coast to coast. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties, or just to fill the time. "I can't imagine doing anything else with my life," says Bridges who runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. My older students say it makes them feel young. It's marvelous to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life. So why do we dance? I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. "They arrive at the class in a bad mood, and they leave with a smile. Dancing seems to change their mood completely." So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier, a dance teacher says, "Dance, like the rhythm of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. I keep practicing even when I'm exhausted. I find it hard to stop. Dancing reminds me I'm alive." and coast to coast.

22. What does the passage say about the dance in America?
  1. A.It is especially popular in Florida and Alaska.
  2. B.It is a major social activity among the young.
  3. C.It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.
  4. D.It is even more expressive than the written word.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'dance in America' → 听到 'Dance in America is everywhere' 及后续 'from Florida to Alaska... at weddings, birthdays, office parties' → 同义替换为 'almost anywhere and on any occasion'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：文章关于美国的舞蹈说了什么？ 正确项C：它几乎随处可见，适用于任何场合。

23. What do we know about the Lester Bridges' dance studio?
  1. A.It is located in a big city in Iowa.
  2. B.It is really marvelous to look at.
  3. C.It offers free dance classes to seniors.
  4. D.It offers people a chance to socialize.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'Lester Bridges' dance studio' → 听到 'Bridges who runs dance classes for all ages' 及 'For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life' → 推断其工作室提供社交机会

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：关于莱斯特·布里奇斯的舞蹈工作室，我们知道什么？ 正确项D：它为人们提供了社交的机会。

24. What happened to the young couple after they attended Lester Bridges's class?
  1. A.Their state of mind improved.
  2. B.They became better dancers.
  3. C.They enjoyed better health.
  4. D.Their relationship strengthened.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'young couple' → 听到 'They arrive at the class in a bad mood, and they leave with a smile. Dancing seems to change their mood completely' → 同义替换为 'Their state of mind improved'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：那对年轻夫妇参加莱斯特·布里奇斯的课后发生了什么？ 正确项A：他们的心境改善了。

25. What does Andrea Hillier say about dancing?
  1. A.It is fun.
  2. B.It is life.
  3. C.It is exhausting.
  4. D.It is rhythmical.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'Andrea Hillier' → 听到其直接引语 'Dance, like the rhythm of a beating heart, is life' → 直接对应选项 'It is life'

考点：细节定位直接对应

译文：题干：安德里亚·希利尔对舞蹈有什么看法？ 正确项B：它是生命。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of [26] . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze( ). Nor is the state's bad air [27] to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected as a [28] . All of which, combined with California's reputation as the home of technological [29] , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in [30] . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are [31] to yield minute-to-minute maps of [32] air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices. To this end, Aclima has been [33] with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit workers went on strike and the city's [34] were forced to use their cars. Conversely, "cycle to work" days have done their job by [35] pollution lows.

A. assistedB. collaboratingC. consequenceD. consumersE. creatingF. detailG. domesticH. frequentlyI. inhabitantsJ. innovationK. intendedL. outdoorM. pollutantsN. restrictedO. sum

参考答案与解析

答案：26-M　27-N　28-C　29-J　30-F　31-K　32-L　33-B　34-I　35-E

解析：26 空 定位空格前 'levels of' → 结合前文 'smog' 与 'haze' → 识别 'levels of pollution' 为固定搭配 → 选择表示污染的名词
27 空 定位空格前 'Nor is the state's bad air' → 识别 'Nor' 引导的倒装句表示否定延续 → 结合后文 'Fresno... comes top of the list' → 推断空气污染问题不仅限于南部 → 选择表示 '局限于' 的形容词
28 空 定位空格前 'as a' → 识别 'as a result' 为固定搭配 → 结合前文 'Residents' hearts and lungs are affected' → 推断这是污染导致的结果
29 空 定位空格前 'technological' → 识别 'technological innovation' 为常见搭配 → 结合后文 'developing and testing systems' → 推断加州以技术创新闻名
30 空 定位空格前 'monitor pollution in' → 识别 'in real time' 为固定搭配 → 结合后文 'minute-to-minute maps' → 推断系统旨在实时监测污染
31 空 定位空格前的主语'monitoring stations'与空格后的'to yield'，结合语境'设计用于监测污染的系统'，推断该系统应具备'能够'或'被设计来'产出数据的能力 → 识别'be designed to'或'be able to'的同义表达 → 选择表示'被设计用于'的动词短语
32 空 定位空格后的'air pollution'，结合前文'minute-to-minute maps'（分钟级地图）和全文监测污染的语境，推断此处需要描述污染的'实时'或'动态'特性 → 选择表示'实时'的形容词
33 空 定位空格前的'Aclima has been'与空格后的'with Google's Street View system'，结合'To this end'（为此目的）指代前文监测建筑内部污染，推断此处需表达'合作'或'联合' → 识别固定搭配'collaborate with'或'partner with'
34 空 定位空格前的'the city's'与空格后的'were forced to use their cars'，结合前文'transit workers went on strike'（公交工人罢工），推断此处指代'城市居民'或'通勤者' → 选择表示'居民'或'通勤者'的名词
35 空 定位空格前的'by'与空格后的'pollution lows'，结合前文'cycle to work days have done their job'（骑行上班日发挥了作用），推断此处需表达'导致'或'造成'污染低点 → 选择表示'导致'的动名词

考点：语境选词固定搭配动词搭配 be designed to同义替换 minute-to-minute = real-time固定搭配 collaborate with指代衔接同义替换 done their job by causing = resulting in

译文：题干：自20世纪40年代以来，南加州一直以烟雾闻名。情况虽不如从前糟糕，但根据美国肺脏协会的数据，洛杉矶仍是美国污染水平最严重的城市。正确项：pollution（污染）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AOn a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps at one of Venice's main tourist sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco and San Polo. But on this day, there was a twist: it was filled with Venetians, not tourists.
B"People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he refers to are small shopping carts —the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," he says with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur. Precisely like that, you just go around and run people down."
CVenice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a problem. Up to 90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to school or to work.
DLaura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow," she says, "and everyone wants a piece."
EJust beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year that appear over their medieval surroundings. Their massive wake creates waves at the bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad," Chigi says. "You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day we'll see Venice break down."
FFor a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice, at the cultural level, belongs to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—World Heritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.
GVenice's deadline passed with barely a murmur this summer, just as UNESCO was meeting in Istanbul. Only one representative, Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue. "For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to waste."
HBut UNESCO didn't even hold a vote. "It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organization didn't vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become "intensely politicized. There would have been some back- room negotiations."
IItaly boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world, granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director- general for culture.
JEarlier this year, Italy signed an accord with UNESCO to establish a task force of police art detectives and archaeologists( ) to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters and terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of art and culture.
KBut adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in developing and conflict- ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could even hurt Italy's profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an interview.
LThe city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice residents.
MAs for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated and hoping for a solution soon. "It's a nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. "There are just so many of them. They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets can be exhausting."
NThen it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. Giorgio says he's never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, if tourism isn't managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last who can call themselves native Venetians.
1. The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient buildings in Venice. （E）
2. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to protect its cultural heritage. （J）
3. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the past few years. （G）
4. The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to the increase of tourists. （C）
5. If tourism gets out of control, native Venetians may desert the city altogether one day. （N）
6. UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibility to protect Venice. （F）
7. The participants in the Venetian march used shopping carts to show they were 100% local residents. （B）
8. Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city's tourism industry. （L）
9. One woman says that for decades the Italian government and local authorities have only focused on the revenues from tourism. （D）
10. UNESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the list of World Heritage Sites In Danger. （H）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-E　2-J　3-G　4-C　5-N　6-F　7-B　8-L　9-D　10-H

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'cruise ships' 与 'undermine the foundations' → 在段落E中找到 'a cruise ship passes' 及其对建筑的影响描述 → 匹配段落E
37. 定位题干关键词 'Italian government' 与 'UNESCO' → 在全文中搜索相关机构或协议信息 → 未找到任何提及 → 判断为无依据信息
38. 定位题干关键词 'heritage situation' 与 'deteriorating' → 在段落E中找到游轮对建筑的影响描述 → 推断遗产状况正在恶化 → 匹配段落E
39. 定位题干关键词 'decrease in the number of permanent residents' 与 'increase of tourists' → 在段落C中找到 'The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down' → 匹配段落C
40. 定位题干关键词 'tourism gets out of control' 与 'native Venetians may desert the city' → 在段落C中找到 'The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing' → 推断如果旅游失控，威尼斯人可能完全离开 → 匹配段落C
41. 定位题干关键词 'UNESCO' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [F]（未提供全文，但根据答案推断） → 匹配段落主旨
42. 定位题干关键词 'shopping carts' 和 '100% local residents' → 在语篇段落 [B] 中定位到 'small shopping carts —the symbol of a true Venetian' → 匹配段落主旨
43. 定位题干关键词 'Ignoring UNESCO's warning' 和 'mayor of Venice' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [L]（未提供全文，但根据答案推断） → 匹配段落主旨
44. 定位题干关键词 'One woman' 和 'Italian government and local authorities' → 在语篇段落 [D] 中定位到 'Laura Chigi... says the local and national governments have failed... because they're only interested in tourism' → 匹配段落主旨
45. 定位题干关键词 'UNESCO' 和 'list of World Heritage Sites In Danger' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [H]（未提供全文，但根据答案推断） → 匹配段落主旨

考点：细节定位指代与衔接推理判断细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：过往的游轮会破坏威尼斯古建筑的地基。正确项E：在圣马可广场外，一艘游轮驶过，是每天数百艘中的一艘……

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage. Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery winners who had won more than £500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline." Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex. Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better. With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."

46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?
  1. A.Improve their work efficiency.
  2. B.Add to their sustained happiness.
  3. C.Help them build a positive attitude towards life.
  4. D.Lessen their concerns about material well-being.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位研究结论句 → 提取核心影响（长期积极影响） → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据一项研究，绿地对人们有什么影响？正确项：增加他们持久的幸福感。

47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?
  1. A.Earn more money.
  2. B.Settle in an urban area.
  3. C.Gain fame and popularity.
  4. D.Live in a green environment.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位人物观点句 → 提取具体行为列表 → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：怀特博士说人们通常做什么来让自己更快乐？正确项：赚更多的钱。

48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?
  1. A.How it affects different people.
  2. B.How strong its positive effect is.
  3. C.How long its positive effect lasts.
  4. D.How it benefits people physically.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位研究目的句 → 提取核心探究点（效果是否持久） → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：怀特博士试图发现关于住在更绿色城市区域的什么？正确项：它的积极效果能持续多久。

49. What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?
  1. A.Their stress was more apparent than real.
  2. B.Their decisions required less deliberation.
  3. C.Their memories were greatly strengthened.
  4. D.Their communication with others improved.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究发现句 → 提取具体结果（压力更小，沟通更好） → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：怀特博士的研究揭示了生活在绿色环境中的人们什么？正确项：他们与他人的沟通得到了改善。

50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?
  1. A.Find financial support.
  2. B.Improve urban planning.
  3. C.Involve local residents in the effort.
  4. D.Raise public awareness of the issue.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位人物建议句 → 提取核心诉求（资金来源） → 匹配选项同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据怀特博士，政府应该做什么来在城市中建造更多绿地？正确项：寻找资金支持。

You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art( ) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn't even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates. The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water. Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well. Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end. The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.

51. What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?
  1. A.They performed marvellously on the sea.
  2. B.They could all break the ice in their way.
  3. C.They all experienced terrible misfortunes.
  4. D.They were models of modern engineering.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键句 'all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas' → 同义替换为 'experienced terrible misfortunes' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章对这三艘奥林匹克级船只说了什么？正确项：它们都经历了可怕的不幸。

52. What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?
  1. A.Their capacity of sailing across all waters.
  2. B.The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.
  3. C.Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.
  4. D.The long voyages they were able to undertake.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键句 'White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water' → 同义替换为 'utmost comfort passengers could enjoy' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：白星航运公司购买这三艘船时有什么考虑？正确项：乘客能享受的极致舒适。

53. What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?
  1. A.It was a mere piece of decoration.
  2. B.It was the work of a famous artist.
  3. C.It was designed to let out extra smoke.
  4. D.It was easily identifiable from afar.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键句 'the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose' → 同义替换为 'a mere piece of decoration' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于这些船的第四个烟囱，文章说了什么？正确项：它仅仅是一件装饰品。

54. What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?
  1. A.Their unscientific designs.
  2. B.Their captains' misjudgment.
  3. C.The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.
  4. D.The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end' → 回溯该'mistaken idea'指代'believed to make them unsinkable' → 同义替换为 'belief that they could never sink' → 得出答案

考点：指代回溯同义替换

译文：题干：什么可能导致了泰坦尼克号和不列颠尼克号的悲剧结局？正确项：它们拥有双层船体就永远不会沉没的信念。

55. What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?
  1. A.She was used to carry troops.
  2. B.She was sunk in World War I.
  3. C.She was converted into a hospital ship.
  4. D.She was retired after her naval service.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935' → 同义替换为 'retired after her naval service' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：奥林匹克号最终结局如何？正确项：她在海军服役后退役了。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The ability to write well is far more valuable than many students assume. In both academic study and the workplace, clear writing allows us to express ideas precisely, persuade others and record our thoughts for the future. A person who writes poorly may have brilliant ideas yet fail to make them understood, while a skilled writer turns thoughts into influence. Fortunately, writing ability can be cultivated through steady effort. First, extensive reading is essential, for it supplies us with rich vocabulary and good models to imitate. Besides, we should keep a daily habit of writing, since only regular practice can turn knowledge into skill. Moreover, actively seeking feedback and revising our drafts helps us notice mistakes we would otherwise repeat. In short, writing ability is a lifelong asset that rewards those who work for it. As long as we read widely, practise persistently and revise honestly, our pen will grow ever sharper.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来,由于私家车数量不断增多,城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行,一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新,车速也有了显著提高。然而,公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在,在大多数城市,许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Buses were once the main means of transport for Chinese people. In recent years, with the growing number of private cars, urban traffic problems have become increasingly serious. To address this, many cities have been working hard to improve the quality of bus service, in order to encourage more people to travel by bus. As a result, the facilities on buses have been constantly upgraded, and the running speed has also increased significantly. However, bus fares still remain quite low. Moreover, today, in most cities, many local senior citizens can take buses for free.

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