2018年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2018年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2018 年 · 12月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2018年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first-ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high-definition streaming of video and data between the moon and Earth. The network is part of Mission to the Moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the Moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G, rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon's surface.

1. What are scientists planning to do?
  1. A.Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.
  2. B.Design a new generation of mobile phones.
  3. C.Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.
  4. D.Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 mission 目标 → 识别 'deliver 4G mobile coverage' 与 'set up a mobile phone network' 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：科学家们计划做什么？正确项：在月球上建立一个移动电话网络。

2. Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission?
  1. A.It is stable.
  2. B.It is durable.
  3. C.It is inexpensive.
  4. D.It is sophisticated.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位选择 4G 的原因 → 识别 '5G may not yet be stable enough' → 反向推理 4G 的优势是稳定 → 得出答案

考点：因果推理反向推断

译文：题干：科学家们为什么在任务中选择建立 4G 网络？正确项：因为它稳定。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Hayward. The fire was reported at 9:26 p.m. at an old shopping centre on Mission Avenue near Saint Mary's church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out, but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn't start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002. In 2014, City Hall developed a plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing. However, the plan was dropped due to lack of funds. of any injuries.

3. What does the news item say about the fire?
  1. A.It lasted more than six hours.
  2. B.No injuries were yet reported.
  3. C.Nobody was in the building when it broke out.
  4. D.It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位火灾报道细节 → 识别 'no reports of any injuries' → 匹配选项 B 的过去完成时态 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位时态理解

译文：题干：这则新闻对火灾说了什么？正确项：尚未有伤亡报告。

4. What had City Hall planned to do?
  1. A.Recruit and train more firefighters.
  2. B.Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
  3. C.Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.
  4. D.Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 City Hall 的计划 → 识别 'knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing' → 匹配 'pull down' 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：市政厅曾计划做什么？正确项：拆除这座废弃的购物中心。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price. This is after the country's main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods in its main potato-growing region last year caused the worst harvest in more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-Ya are halting almost 50 products. "We don't know when we'll be able to restart," a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying, and many supermarket shelves are bare. Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese-made products. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports. But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often. main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage.

5. What problem is Japan facing?
  1. A.Shrinking potato farming.
  2. B.Heavy reliance on import.
  3. C.Widespread plant disease.
  4. D.Insufficient potato supply.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位问题核心 → 识别 'potato shortage' 与 'worst harvest' → 匹配 'insufficient supply' 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位近义辨析

译文：题干：日本面临什么问题？正确项：土豆供应不足。

6. Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes?
  1. A.It intends to keep its traditional diet.
  2. B.It wants to expand its own farming.
  3. C.It is afraid of the spread of disease.
  4. D.It is worried about unfair competition.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'limit the import' → 听到 'Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports' → 同义替换 'afraid of the spread of disease' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：日本为什么限制土豆进口？正确项：它害怕疾病的传播。

7. What might affect Japanese domestic produce?
  1. A.Global warming.
  2. B.Ever-rising prices.
  3. C.Government regulation.
  4. D.Diminishing investment. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'affect Japanese domestic produce' → 听到 'global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected' → 直接对应 'Global warming' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原词复现

译文：题干：什么可能影响日本的国内农产品？正确项：全球变暖。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Mr. Brown's lectures are so boring. W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker. But the subject is interesting. M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I really try, but after about ten minutes, my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour? W: Well, what I do is keep my pen moving. M: What do you mean? W: It's a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on a keyboard. You see, writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you are learning in a more physical way. M: Do you review your notes afterwards then? W: Sometimes, but that's not important. My notes may or may not be useful. But the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brown says, I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too. M: You draw in class? And that helps you pay attention? W: Yes, honestly, it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again, the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. If I'm at home and I need to study, what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.

8. What does the man think of Mr. Brown's lectures?
  1. A.Informative.
  2. B.Inspiring.
  3. C.Dull.
  4. D.Shallow.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士对讲座的评价 → 听到 'Mr. Brown's lectures are so boring' → 同义替换 'Dull' → 得出答案

考点：观点态度同义替换

译文：题干：男士认为布朗先生的讲座怎么样？正确项：枯燥的。

9. What does the woman do during Mr. Brown's lectures?
  1. A.She types on a keyboard.
  2. B.She does recording.
  3. C.She takes photos.
  4. D.She takes notes.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'woman do during lectures' → 听到 'what I do is keep my pen moving' 及 'write things down' → 同义替换 'takes notes' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士在布朗先生的讲座期间做什么？正确项：她做笔记。

10. Why does the woman draw in class?
  1. A.It keeps her mind active.
  2. B.It makes her stay awake.
  3. C.It enables her to think hard.
  4. D.It helps her kill time.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'why draw in class' → 听到 'It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate' → 同义替换 'keeps her mind active' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士为什么在课堂上画画？正确项：它让她保持思维活跃。

11. What does the woman say about reading out loud?
  1. A.It enables her to improve her pronunciation.
  2. B.It helps her better remember what she learns.
  3. C.It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.
  4. D.It proves to be far more effective than writing.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士关于在家学习方法的描述 → 识别‘read out loud’与‘writing by hand’的类比关系 → 提取‘helps memorize information’的核心功能 → 匹配选项B的‘remember’同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士对大声朗读有何评价？正确项：它帮助她更好地记住所学内容。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: And where is this? W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon. M: Was it romantic? W: Yeah, the Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. I think it was during the 1600s and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor. M: Wow, that sounds very romantic. It looks amazing. W: Yes. It's gorgeous. It's also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens and a wall around it all. It's all built in this white stone. (14) And some walls of the building are decorated with jewels. M: It must have been very crowded when you were there. W: Yes. It's a very famous tourist destination, so there are thousands of visitors every day. M: Was the rest of India crowded? W: Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets, especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible. But the people are friendly. The culture is amazing. And we had a great time. M: What about the food? W: Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try, and every region has its own special food.

12. For what purpose did the woman go to India?
  1. A.To spend her honeymoon.
  2. B.To try authentic Indian food.
  3. C.To take photos of the Taj Mahal.
  4. D.To trace the origin of a love story.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对话开头关于照片地点的讨论 → 捕捉‘for our honeymoon’这一明确目的状语 → 直接匹配选项A

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士去印度的目的是什么？正确项：为了度蜜月。

13. Why was the Taj Mahal built?
  1. A.In memory of a princess.
  2. B.In honor of a great emperor.
  3. C.To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.
  4. D.To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关于泰姬陵建造原因的叙述 → 解析‘so...that...’因果从句结构 → 提取‘ordered the palace to be built in her honor’的核心信息 → 匹配选项A的‘In memory of’同义替换

考点：细节定位从句结构解析

译文：题干：泰姬陵为何而建？正确项：为了纪念一位公主。

14. What does the woman say about the Taj Mahal?
  1. A.It looks older than expected.
  2. B.It is built of wood and bricks.
  3. C.It stores lots of priceless antiques.
  4. D.It has walls decorated with jewels.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士对泰姬陵外观的描述 → 捕捉‘some walls of the building are decorated with jewels’这一具体细节 → 直接匹配选项D

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士对泰姬陵有何描述？正确项：它的墙壁装饰有珠宝。

15. What is the woman's impression of Indian cities?
  1. A.Their streets are narrow.
  2. B.They are mostly crowded.
  3. C.Each one has a unique character.
  4. D.Life can be tedious in some places. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士对印度城市的直接评价 → 捕捉‘very crowded in many cities’及后续具体描述 → 推断‘mostly crowded’是对‘very crowded in many cities’的合理概括 → 匹配选项B

考点：细节定位合理推断

译文：题干：女士对印度城市的印象如何？正确项：它们大多很拥挤。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1,000 Americans conducted in April, 2016, finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. For instance, around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need. And 66% say the closing of their local public library would have a major impact on their community although notably, just 33% say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family. A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages. And roughly half think their libraries contribute "a lot" to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies. As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use, the April 2016 survey also measured Americans' usage of and engagement with libraries. Overall, 53% of Americans, aged 16 and older, have had some interaction with a public library in the past year—either through an in-person visit or using a library website. Some 48% of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months, a modest increase from the 44% who said that in late 2015. they need.

16. What do most Americans say about local public libraries?
  1. A.They help spread the latest technology.
  2. B.They greatly enrich people's leisure life.
  3. C.They provide residents with the resources needed.
  4. D.They allow free access to digital books and videos.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'most Americans' → 对应录音中 'around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need' → 同义替换 'provide residents with the resources needed' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：大多数美国人对当地公共图书馆有何评价？正确项：它们为居民提供所需的资源。

17. How can local public libraries benefit young people?
  1. A.By helping them find jobs.
  2. B.By inspiring their creativity.
  3. C.By keeping them off the streets.
  4. D.By providing a place of relaxation.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'benefit young people' → 对应录音中 'helping spark creativity among young people' → 同义替换 'inspiring their creativity' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当地公共图书馆如何使年轻人受益？正确项：通过激发他们的创造力。

18. What does the 2016 survey show about adult library users?
  1. A.Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.
  2. B.They used libraries less often than teenagers.
  3. C.They tended to visit libraries regularly.
  4. D.Their number increased modestly.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 '2016 survey' 和 'adult library users' → 对应录音末尾 'Some 48% of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months, a modest increase from the 44% who said that in late 2015' → 同义替换 'Their number increased modestly' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位数据对比

译文：题干：2016年的调查关于成年图书馆用户显示了什么？正确项：他们的数量适度增长。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A Savannah cat is a cross breed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval. The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s, and in 2001 the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed. The Savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to 9.1 kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted coat similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large. They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty, and can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch. An often-noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about 2.5 metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water. Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats. Presenting a water bowl to a Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty, using their front paws. called the Serval. The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s.

19. What do we learn about the Savannah cat?
  1. A.It is the cleverest cat in the world.
  2. B.It is the largest cat in Africa.
  3. C.It is an unusual cross breed.
  4. D.It is a large-sized wild cat.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'Savannah cat' → 对应录音首句 'A Savannah cat is a cross breed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat' → 同义替换 'It is an unusual cross breed' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于萨凡纳猫我们了解到什么？正确项：它是一种不寻常的杂交品种。

20. What is characteristic of Savannah cats?
  1. A.They are as loyal as dogs.
  2. B.They have unusually long tails.
  3. C.They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.
  4. D.They know how to please their owners.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'characteristic' → 对应录音中 'They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty' → 同义替换 'They are as loyal as dogs' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：萨凡纳猫有什么特点？正确项：它们像狗一样忠诚。

21. What do some people do with their Savannah cats?
  1. A.They shake their front paws.
  2. B.They teach them to dive.
  3. C.They shower with them.
  4. D.They shout at them.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'Savannah cats' → 听到 'Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats' → 同义替换 'shower with them' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：有些人对他们的萨凡纳猫做什么？ 正确项：他们和它们一起淋浴。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

When children start school for the very first time, parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children: playing and interacting with new friends, sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine. But of course, this is not the start of your child's education which in fact began at birth. Back then, you would have been your child's most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learned more than at any other period in their life. During your child's first year in school, much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. Your child will naturally copy you, so it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books, newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately, an excellent education should be a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child's year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday. Irrespective of the quality of a school, a child's home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished. coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era.

22. How do parents feel when their children start going to school?
  1. A.Anxious and depressed.
  2. B.Contented and relieved.
  3. C.Excited but somewhat sad.
  4. D.Proud but a bit nervous.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'parents feel' → 听到 'a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness' → 同义替换 'excited but somewhat sad' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：当孩子开始上学时，父母感觉如何？ 正确项：兴奋但有些伤感。

23. What does the passage say about children's education?
  1. A.It is becoming parents' biggest concern.
  2. B.It is gaining increasing public attention.
  3. C.It depends on their parents for success.
  4. D.It starts the moment they are born.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'children's education' → 听到 'this is not the start of your child's education which in fact began at birth' → 同义替换 'starts the moment they are born' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章关于儿童教育说了什么？ 正确项：它从他们出生的那一刻就开始了。

24. What should parents do for the success of their children's education?
  1. A.Set a good example for them to follow.
  2. B.Read books and magazines to them.
  3. C.Help them to learn by themselves.
  4. D.Choose the right school for them.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'parents do' → 听到 'it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books...' → 推理出父母应以身作则（set a good example） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：为了孩子教育的成功，父母应该做什么？ 正确项：为他们树立一个好榜样。

25. What does the passage say is the key factor of children's academic success?
  1. A.Their intelligence.
  2. B.Their home life.
  3. C.The effort they put in learning.
  4. D.The quality of their school.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'key factor' → 听到 'a child's home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor...' → 同义替换 'Their home life' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章说什么是孩子学业成功的关键因素？ 正确项：他们的家庭生活。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious [26] occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs [27] with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes [28] like home heating and cooking, has remained [29] over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray [30] it as an "urgent call to action." "One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little [31] ," he said. The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income [32] nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they [33] experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution. But the problem is not limited [34] to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel [35] have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.

A. abilityB. associatedC. consciouslyD. constantE. controlF. damageG. describedH. equalsI. exclusivelyJ. innovatedK. regularlyL. relatesM. sourcesN. undermineO. vehicles

参考答案与解析

答案：26-F　27-B　28-M　29-D　30-G　31-E　32-H　33-K　34-I　35-O

解析：26 空 定位空格前 'the most serious' → 分析空格后 'occurring in the developing world' → 结合语境 'costs...welfare costs' → 选择表示'影响/后果'的名词 → 排除其他选项 → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析空格前后的逻辑关系（成本与空气污染的关联） → 识别固定搭配 'costs associated with' → 得出答案
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析空格词性（名词）与语境（室内污染包含的具体活动） → 结合固定搭配 'include activities like...' → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（室内污染源）→ 结合选项词义与搭配 → 选择最符合语境的名词
30 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（Chris Murray）与宾语（it指代报告）的动宾搭配 → 结合引号内评价性内容 → 选择表示“评价、描述”的动词
31 空 定位空格前主语 'Director... Chris Murray' 与宾语 'it as an urgent call to action' → 识别固定搭配 'describe/characterize/see it as' → 结合语境选择表示'描述/认为'的动词
32 空 定位空格所在从句 'where in some places lost-labor income ___ nearly 1% of GDP' → 分析主语 'lost-labor income' 与宾语 'nearly 1% of GDP' 的逻辑关系 → 选择表示'占（比例）'的动词
33 空 定位空格所在从句 'where they ___ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution' → 分析主语 'they'（低收入和中等收入国家的人）与谓语 'experience' 的关系 → 选择表示'经常/持续'的副词
34 空 定位空格所在句子 'But the problem is not limited ___ to the developing world' → 识别固定搭配 'be limited to' → 结合转折词 'But' 和后文 'Thousands die prematurely in the U.S.' 判断需要强调'仅仅/只'的副词
35 空 定位空格所在从句 'where diesel ___ have become more common in recent years' → 分析主语 'diesel ___' 与谓语 'have become more common' 的逻辑关系 → 结合常识判断柴油动力的交通工具

考点：语境选词动词搭配 take on固定搭配 associated with固定搭配近义词辨析动词搭配

译文：题干：每年有数百万人因空气污染而过早死亡。空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中最严重的{{26}}发生在发展中国家。正确项：F. impacts (影响)

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

ASeveral times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph's market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. "Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?" he asks her. "The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning."
BScott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center's 'Shop with Your Doc' program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.
CNadeau notices the pre-made macaroni and cheese boxes in Scott's shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. "So I'd have to make it?" she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. "I'm not sure they'd eat it. They just won't eat it."
DNadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. "In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food," Nadeau tells her. "And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that." Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.
ENadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it's making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications . By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as "Shop with your Doc", they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. "There's no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices," Nadeau says.
FIn the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. "We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food," says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital's medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. "We want people to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives."
GIn Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.
H"It's a different paradigm of how to treat disease," says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients' nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
IMany people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient's family. "What people eat can be medicine or poison," Rea says. "As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long- term disease."
JStudies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation , for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
K"As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen," says Nguyen. "In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it."
1. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced. （D）
2. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores. （B）
3. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses. （G）
4. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily. （A）
5. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life. （I）
6. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it. （F）
7. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time. （C）
8. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food. （J）
9. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days. （E）
10. Americans' high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat. （G）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-D　2-B　3-G　4-A　5-I　6-F　7-C　8-J　9-E　10-G

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'food' 和 'factory-produced' → 在段落[D]中找到同义替换 'processed food' 与具体数据 'over 50 percent' → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'special program' 和 'doctors' → 在段落[B]中找到 'Shop with Your Doc' program 及其描述 → 得出答案
38. 定位题干核心概念 'food helps patients recover' → 在语篇中寻找食物与疾病/健康关系的论述 → 段落[D]提及加工食品与糖尿病的关系，但未提及'帮助康复' → 段落[E]（未提供）可能包含相关研究证据 → 根据题型逻辑推断答案为G
39. 定位题干关键词 'healthy breakfast' 和 'quickly and easily' → 在段落[A]中找到 'Juices are quick and easy to prepare' 及其上下文 → 得出答案
40. 定位题干核心概念 'training' 和 'change their life' → 在语篇中寻找关于教育/培训患者及其影响的论述 → 段落[D]提及斯科特同意尝试更多果汁和制作真正的通心粉，暗示行为改变 → 段落[E]（未提供）可能包含更深入的影响描述 → 根据题型逻辑推断答案为I
41. 定位题干关键词 'prescribes food' 和 'teaches patients how to cook' → 在段落[D]中找到医生建议用全麦通心粉和真奶酪替代预制品，并指导Scott如何准备 → 同义替换得出答案F
42. 定位题干关键词 'not keen on cooking' 和 'waste of time' → 在段落[C]中找到Scott的反应：'her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take' → 同义替换得出答案C
43. 定位题干关键词 'diabetes patients' 和 'plant-based food' → 在段落[D]中找到医生Nadeau的陈述：'only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.' → 推理得出医生建议糖尿病患者（或公众）多吃植物性食物 → 同义替换得出答案J
44. 定位题干关键词 'no novel idea' 和 'making headway' → 在段落[E]（未提供全文，但根据题干和选项推断）中应找到关于'食物即药物'理念历史悠久但近期取得进展的论述 → 同义替换得出答案E
45. 定位题干关键词 'Americans' high rates of various illnesses' 和 'result from the way they eat' → 在段落[D]中找到医生Nadeau的陈述：'sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children' → 推理得出饮食方式是导致疾病高发的原因 → 同义替换得出答案G

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断信息缺失推断主旨概括

译文：题干：美国人吃的食物中超过一半是工厂生产的。正确项[D]：纳多医生告诉她，在美国，我们超过50%的食物是加工食品。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage. California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted . The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought. It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above. Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating( ) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage. One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

46. How could California's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?
  1. A.By building more reserves of groundwater.
  2. B.By drawing water from the depths of the earth.
  3. C.By developing more advanced drilling devices.
  4. D.By upgrading its water distribution system.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'solve' → 定位到语篇中 'New research has found deep water reserves... which could help solve their drought crisis' 及 'water deeper than this can now be extracted' → 同义替换为 'drawing water from the depths of the earth'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据一些研究人员的说法，加州的干旱危机如何解决？正确项：通过从地球深处抽取水。

47. What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?
  1. A.It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.
  2. B.It was not considered worth the expense.
  3. C.It may not provide quality freshwater.
  4. D.It is bound to gain support from the local people.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'extracting water from deep aquifers' → 定位到语篇中 'only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth' → 推理 'only recently... profitable' 意味着过去不值得，对应选项 'not considered worth the expense'

考点：推理判断细节支撑

译文：题干：关于从深层含水层抽水可以推断出什么？正确项：它过去不被认为值得花费。

48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
  1. A.The sinking of land surface.
  2. B.The harm to the ecosystem.
  3. C.The damage to aquifers.
  4. D.The change of the climate.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'consequence' → 定位到语篇中 'The biggest concern... is the gradual settling down of the land surface' → 同义替换为 'The sinking of land surface'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：从地下深处抽水被提及的一个后果是什么？正确项：地表下沉。

49. What does the author say about deep wells?
  1. A.They run without any need for repairs.
  2. B.They are entirely free from pollutants.
  3. C.They are the ultimate solution to droughts.
  4. D.They provide a steady supply of freshwater.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'deep wells' → 定位到语篇中 'Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater' → 同义替换为 'provide a steady supply of freshwater'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者对深井有何说法？正确项：它们提供稳定的淡水供应。

50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?
  1. A.People's health may improve with cleaner water.
  2. B.People's water bills may be lowered considerably.
  3. C.The cost may go up due to desalination.
  4. D.They may be exhausted sooner or later.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'deep aquifers' → 定位到语篇中 'deep water also has a higher level of salt... some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost' → 同义替换为 'The cost may go up due to desalination'

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：当深层含水层用作水源时可能会发生什么？正确项：由于脱盐，成本可能上升。

The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become. But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair? One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers? Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge. About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem. Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and "just better human beings."

51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?
  1. A.Computers will prevail over human beings.
  2. B.Computers have unmatched potential.
  3. C.Computers are man's potential rivals.
  4. D.Computers can become highly intelligent.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首段首句 → 提炼AlphaGo胜利作为例证的目的 → 得出答案

考点：例证目的细节定位

译文：题干：作者用AlphaGo的胜利这个例子想说明什么？正确项：计算机可以变得非常智能。

52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
  1. A.They are capable of predicting possible risks.
  2. B.They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
  3. C.They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.
  4. D.They sacrifice everything to save human lives.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段对“act ethically”的解释 → 结合无人驾驶汽车面临道德困境的例子 → 得出答案

考点：词义猜测细节定位

译文：题干：作者所说的AI机器“合乎道德地行动”是什么意思？正确项：它们在面临道德困境时能做出明智的决定。

53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
  1. A.How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.
  2. B.How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.
  3. C.How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.
  4. D.How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位“the bigger challenge”所在句 → 提取其具体内容 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在AI时代，人类面临的更大挑战是什么？正确项：如何确保超级智能AI机器合乎道德地行动。

54. What do we learn about Microsoft's "chatbot" Taylor?
  1. A.She could not distinguish good from bad.
  2. B.She could turn herself off when necessary.
  3. C.She was not made to handle novel situations.
  4. D.She was good at performing routine tasks.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关于Taylor的段落 → 提取其失败原因（被教种族主义观点） → 推断其缺陷 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：关于微软的聊天机器人Taylor，我们了解到什么？正确项：她无法区分好坏。

55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
  1. A.It will be far superior to human beings.
  2. B.It will keep improving as time goes by.
  3. C.It will prove to be an asset to human beings.
  4. D.It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Eric Schmidt的观点句 → 提取其核心看法 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Eric Schmidt如何看待人工智能？正确项：它将被证明是人类的资产。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Living in a big city may look glamorous, but it actually confronts ordinary residents with a series of tough challenges. From my point of view, three of them stand out and deserve our serious attention. To begin with, the high cost of living places a heavy financial burden on city dwellers. Renting even a small apartment near the centre can easily swallow half of an average monthly salary. In addition, overcrowding makes daily life exhausting, for commuters are often packed into a crowded subway carriage for more than an hour twice a day. Moreover, the fast pace and fierce competition leave many people constantly stressed, while neighbours living next door barely know one another. In conclusion, expensive housing, overcrowding and mounting pressure are the real prices of urban life. Only by budgeting wisely and setting aside time to relax can we cope with these challenges instead of being overwhelmed by them.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

由于通信网络的快速发展,中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章,而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此,纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示,尽管智能手机阅读市场稳步增长,超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Thanks to the rapid development of communication networks, the number of smartphone users in China has grown at an astonishing speed in recent years. This has greatly changed the way many people read. They now often read news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers and magazines. The development of a large number of mobile applications enables people to read novels and other forms of literary works on their mobile phones. As a result, sales of paper books have been affected. However, surveys show that although the smartphone reading market is growing steadily, more than half of the adults still prefer reading paper books.

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