2019年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2019年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

年份考次
2019 年 · 6月·第3套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
35 题
满分
681.6 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 21 题 220.1 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力21 题 · 220 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A 9-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy. James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. His father said he had offered his son $100 as a reward; to encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to $200. James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland. Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back.

1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report?
  1. A.He set a record by swimming to and from an island.
  2. B.He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.
  3. C.He visited a prison located on a faraway island.
  4. D.He swam around an island near San Francisco.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键信息'swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back'与'set a record' → 同义替换为'swimming to and from an island'与'set a record' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据报道，这位来自加州中部的男孩做了什么？正确项：他通过往返一座岛屿游泳创下了纪录。

2. What did the father do to encourage his son?
  1. A.He doubled the reward.
  2. B.He set him an example.
  3. C.He cheered him on all the way.
  4. D.He had the event covered on TV.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键信息'he doubled it to $200'与目的状语'to encourage his struggling son' → 同义替换为'doubled the reward' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：父亲做了什么来鼓励他的儿子？正确项：他把奖励加倍了。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

On the 1st of January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women, and 25 for men, the South China Morning Post reports. The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China's one-child policy. But with that policy now being abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says. In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy, because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80. But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time. So people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax. with China's one-child policy.

3. What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?
  1. A.To end the one-child policy.
  2. B.To encourage late marriage.
  3. C.To increase working efficiency.
  4. D.To give people more time to travel.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键信息'The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married' → 同义替换为'encourage late marriage' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：中国年假奖金的目的是什么？正确项：鼓励晚婚。

4. What do we learn about the new regulations?
  1. A.They will not be welcomed by young people.
  2. B.They will help to popularize early marriage.
  3. C.They will boost China's economic growth.
  4. D.They will not come into immediate effect.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键信息'But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time' → 推理得出新规不会立即生效 → 同义替换为'will not come into immediate effect' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：我们了解到关于新规的什么信息？正确项：它们不会立即生效。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning-up the next morning isn't as enjoyable. Now, however, a New Zealand-based start-up company aims to bring messy homes—and even splitting headaches—back to normal. The properly-named start-up Morning-After Maids was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst. Aside from cleaning-up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends, which is when their service is in most demand anyway. Besides being flooded with requests from across the country, Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.S. and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward. even splitting headaches—back to normal.

5. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
  2. B.Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
  3. C.A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
  4. D.Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首句转折'but the cleaning-up... isn't as enjoyable'与核心句'a New Zealand-based start-up company aims to bring messy homes...back to normal' → 概括主旨为一家新公司提供派对后清洁服务 → 同义替换为'A new company to clean up the mess after parties' → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：这则新闻报道主要关于什么？正确项：一家清理派对后残局的新公司。

6. What is a common problem with a house party?
  1. A.It takes a lot of time to prepare.
  2. B.It leaves the house in a mess.
  3. C.It makes party goers exhausted.
  4. D.It creates noise and misconduct.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位问题核心（house party的常见问题） → 听取录音首句转折（but the cleaning-up the next morning isn't as enjoyable） → 同义替换（cleaning-up ↔ leaves the house in a mess） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：家庭派对的常见问题是什么？正确项：它把房子弄得一团糟。

7. What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do?
  1. A.Hire an Australian lawyer.
  2. B.Visit the U.S. and Canada.
  3. C.Settle a legal dispute.
  4. D.Expand their business. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位人物计划（planning to do） → 听取录音末句（meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward） → 推理要点（take the business forward = expand their business） → 得出答案

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：Rebecca Foley和Catherine Ashurst计划做什么？正确项：扩大他们的业务。

听力原文 · Questions 9 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Kyle, how did your driver's theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?

9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?
  1. A.He was not well prepared. C) He was not used to the test format.
  2. B.He did not get to the exam in time. D) He did not follow the test procedure.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位失败原因（fail the exam the first time） → 听取对话中女士的推测（underestimated how difficult it would be... go in underprepared） → 同义替换（underprepared ↔ not well prepared） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：他第一次考试为什么没通过？正确项：他准备不充分。

10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?
  1. A.They are tough. C) They are helpful.
  2. B.They are costly. D) They are too short.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位评价对象（driving lessons） → 听取对话中男士的描述（lessons are rather expensive, £20 an hour） → 同义替换（expensive ↔ costly） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对他的驾驶课有什么看法？正确项：它们很贵。

11. What does the man hope to do next?
  1. A.Pass his road test the first time. C) Find an experienced driving instructor.
  2. B.Test-drive a few times on highways. D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对话结尾处男士对未来计划的陈述 → 提取其希望首次通过路考的目标 → 同义替换为选项A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士希望接下来做什么？正确项：首次通过路考。

听力原文 · Question 14（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Emma, I got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you're going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?

14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?
  1. A.His favorable recommendations. C) His academic excellence.
  2. B.His outstanding musical talent. D) His unique experience.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话中男士提及奖学金的部分 → 提取其获得奖学金的可能原因（音乐天赋） → 同义替换为选项B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：什么可能使男士有资格获得利兹大学的奖学金？正确项：他杰出的音乐天赋。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home's structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water, and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows. of them bug humans.

16. What does the passage say about ants?
  1. A.They help farmers keep diseases in check.
  2. B.Many species remain unknown to scientists.
  3. C.Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
  4. D.They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段对蚂蚁物种的总体描述 → 识别 'only a few of them bug humans' 与选项C的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章关于蚂蚁说了什么？正确项C：只有少数物种对人类造成麻烦。

17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?
  1. A.They are larger than many other species.
  2. B.They can cause damage to people's homes.
  3. C.They can survive a long time without water.
  4. D.They like to form colonies in electrical units.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 'carpenter ants' 所在句 → 识别其功能 'undermine a home's structure' → 与选项B 'cause damage to people's homes' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于木匠蚁，我们了解到什么？正确项B：它们会对人们的房屋造成损害。

18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?
  1. A.Deny them access to any food.
  2. B.Keep doors and windows shut.
  3. C.Destroy their colonies close by.
  4. D.Refrain from eating sugary food.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位 'prevent ants' 相关建议段落 → 识别核心建议 'avoid giving ants any access to food' → 与选项A 'Deny them access to any food' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们能做什么来防止蚂蚁进入我们的家？正确项A：拒绝它们接触任何食物。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto-immune diseases. We know that as we get older, it's easier for us to get infections. So, older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age. In most of our work when we're looking at older adults who've got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called "The 1,000 Elders." These volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed and to help us carry out a whole range of research. The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment we're living much longer, life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age and that they're not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. We want people to be healthy even when they are old.

19. What is the focus of the speaker's research?
  1. A.The function of the human immune system.
  2. B.The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
  3. C.The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
  4. D.The change in people's immune system as they get older.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首句 'My research focus is on...' → 识别核心研究对象 'what happens to our immune system as we age' → 与选项D 'The change in people's immune system as they get older' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：主旨定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者研究的重点是什么？正确项D：人们免疫系统随年龄增长发生的变化。

20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?
  1. A.Report their illnesses.
  2. B.Offer blood samples.
  3. C.Act as research assistants.
  4. D.Help to interview patients.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位志愿者 'The 1,000 Elders' 的职责描述 → 识别 'to provide us with blood samples' → 与选项B 'Offer blood samples' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：志愿者在研究中被要求做什么？正确项B：提供血样。

21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?
  1. A.Strengthening people's immunity to infection.
  2. B.Better understanding patients' immune system.
  3. C.Helping improve old people's health conditions.
  4. D.Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位研究目的句 → 提取核心目标（改善老年健康） → 匹配选项C的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者说他的研究将产生什么影响？ 正确项C：帮助改善老年人的健康状况。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn't know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess. "I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it," he said. Now Komada coaches the school's chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. And this week dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the SuperNationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him, and his students, control. The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.

22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Killip Elementary?
  1. A.His students had trouble getting on with each other.
  2. B.A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.
  3. C.His students were struggling to follow his lessons.
  4. D.A group of kids were playing chess after school.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词noticed → 捕捉其后具体观察内容 → 匹配选项D的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Ted Komada在Killip小学开始任教后有一天注意到了什么？ 正确项D：一群孩子放学后在下棋。

23. What are dozens of students from Komada's school going to do this week?
  1. A.Visit a chess team in Nashville.
  2. B.Join the school's chess team.
  3. C.Participate in a national chess competition.
  4. D.Receive training for a chess competition.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词this week → 捕捉学生行动（head out to compete） → 推理出参加全国比赛

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：Komada学校的学生本周要做什么？ 正确项C：参加一场全国象棋比赛。

24. What do we learn about the students of Killip Elementary?
  1. A.Most of them come from low-income families.
  2. B.Many have become national chess champions.
  3. C.A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
  4. D.Many became chess coaches after graduation.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词students → 捕捉关于学生背景的描述 → 匹配选项A的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到Killip小学的学生什么情况？ 正确项A：他们大多数来自低收入家庭。

25. What have the students learned from Komada?
  1. A.Actions speak louder than words.
  2. B.Think twice before taking action.
  3. C.Translate their words into action.
  4. D.Take action before it gets too late.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Komada的教学理念句 → 提取核心（行动前思考） → 匹配选项B的同义改写

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：学生们从Komada那里学到了什么？ 正确项B：三思而后行。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs perfect for scuba diving( ) and preserving marine [26] . Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn't normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was [27] of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane [28] the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area. The plane [29] a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will [30] be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane's [31] . Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US $100,000, but they hope to see a return on that [32] through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the [33] of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest [34] sunk aircraft ever. Taking a trip underwater and [35] the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver's paradise .

A. createB. depressedC. eventuallyD. experiencesE. exploringF. exteriorG. habitatsH. innovateI. intentionallyJ. investmentK. revealingL. stretchesM. strippedN. territoryO. victim

参考答案与解析

答案：26-G　27-M　28-A　29-L　30-C　31-F　32-J　33-O　34-I　35-E

解析：26 空 定位空格前动词 'preserving' → 分析并列结构 'for scuba diving ( ) and preserving' → 结合宾语 'marine {{26}}' → 选择能与 'preserving' 构成并列且符合语境的动名词形式 → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（飞机被清除有害物） → 结合固定搭配 be stripped of → 选择 stripped
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑关系（Not only...but...）与动词搭配 → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（飞机将提供人工礁石生长的完美骨架）→ 结合固定搭配 take on the form/shape of（呈现…的形状）→ 得出答案
30 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句子主干（经验丰富的潜水员将能够...）与宾语（穿过机舱） → 结合语境（潜水员探索沉船）与动词搭配（take on a challenge/venture） → 选择最符合语境与搭配的动词
31 空 定位空格前动词 'take' → 分析宾语 'the perfect skeleton' → 结合语境 'artificial reef growth' → 选择表示 '提供/构成' 的动词短语
32 空 定位空格前 'return on that' → 分析 'that' 指代前文 'bought the plane for just under US $100,000' → 结合 'through the tourism industry' → 选择表示 '投资' 的名词
33 空 定位空格前 'the country has been the' → 分析空格后 'of several deadly terrorist attacks' → 结合 'Tourism... is expected to fall' → 选择表示 '目标/受害者' 的名词
34 空 定位空格前 'the largest' → 分析空格后 'sunk aircraft ever' → 结合 'As far as sunken planes go' → 选择表示 '曾经/历史上' 的副词
35 空 定位空格前 'Taking a trip underwater and' → 分析空格后 'the inside of a sunken A300' → 结合 'would be quite an adventure' → 选择表示 '探索/参观' 的动名词

考点：动词搭配 take on语境选词并列结构动词搭配 take on 的反义固定搭配 take on动词搭配近义词辨析

译文：船只经常被凿沉，以创造完美的潜水（ ）和保护海洋{{26}}的水下礁石。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AWe've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.
BFranklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.
CThe personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members — including guys named Jobs and Wozniak — started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.
DSo it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.
EThese maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you're learning to do.
FIdeas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American Context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.
GLearning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.
HI really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head — or you just borrow it from someone—and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.
IIn some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.
JMaking should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.
KTeachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.
LThe teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling( )? Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?
MMy belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable; it's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems—problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.
NIf teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, "This is science, over here is history," I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?
OI feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.
1. A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests. （E）
2. The teachers' role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process. （L）
3. Coming up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making. （H）
4. Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized. （F）
5. America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself. （A）
6. Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge. （J）
7. Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves. （G）
8. The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum. （N）
9. The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas. （D）
10. Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks. （I）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-E　2-L　3-H　4-F　5-A　6-J　7-G　8-N　9-D　10-I

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'maker space' → 在段落E中找到定义 'a place where you get to make things based on your interest' → 同义替换匹配
37. 定位题干关键词 'teachers' role' → 在段落L中找到 'teachers are facilitators' → 同义替换匹配
38. 定位题干关键词 'idea' 和 'improving' → 在段落H中找到 'come up with an idea of your own or improve on someone else's' → 同义替换匹配
39. 定位题干关键词 'learning by doing' 和 'individualized' → 在段落F中找到 'learning by doing is highly individualized' → 同义替换匹配
40. 定位题干关键词 'America' 和 'making things by oneself' → 在段落A中找到 'We've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation' → 同义替换匹配
41. 定位题干关键词 'take charge' → 在段落E中找到同义表达 'based on your interest and on what you're learning to do' → 匹配段落E
42. 定位题干关键词 'project' 和 'students themselves' → 在段落G中找到对应描述 'students design and carry out their own projects' → 匹配段落G
43. 定位题干关键词 'incorporating' 和 'school curriculum' → 在段落N中找到作者建议 'should be integrated into the curriculum' → 匹配段落N
44. 定位题干关键词 'ancient philosophical ideas' → 在段落D中找到对应描述 'echoes old ideas advocated by... ancient Greek philosophers' → 匹配段落D
45. 定位题干关键词 'not taken seriously' 和 'meaningless' → 在段落I中找到对应描述 'students are often asked to make something that is meaningless to them' → 匹配段落I

考点：maker space定义基于兴趣制作教师角色促进者提出想法改进他人想法做中学高度个性化美国亲自动手自己动手细节定位同义替换推理判断观点态度

译文：题干：创客空间是人们根据个人兴趣制作东西的地方。正确项E：创客空间是一个你可以根据自己的兴趣和所学来制作东西的地方。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training— this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island. The project is called Writing On It All, and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013. "Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there," Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All, tells Smithsonian.com. The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile. Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as "New York's shared space for art and play," the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these "legal graffiti " sessions. The notes and art scribbled on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her. "One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls," says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it. "People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages."

46. What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?
  1. A.Unlearn their training in drawing.
  2. B.Participate in a state graffiti show.
  3. C.Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti.
  4. D.Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位项目名称 Writing On It All → 同义替换 'write all over the walls' 为 'cover the walls... with graffiti' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：项目 Writing On It All 邀请人们做什么？正确项：用涂鸦覆盖一栋老房子的墙壁。

47. What do we learn about the participants in the project?
  1. A.They are just culture addicts.
  2. B.They are graffiti enthusiasts.
  3. C.They are writers and artists.
  4. D.They are mostly passers-by.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位 'Most of the participants are people who are just walking by...' → 同义替换 'passers-by' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到项目的参与者是什么样的人？正确项：他们大多是路人。

48. What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?
  1. A.They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.
  2. B.They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session.
  3. C.They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.
  4. D.They were required to cooperate with other creators.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 'Each session has a theme... asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art' → 同义替换 'expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：项目参与者在2016年季做了什么？正确项：他们在涂鸦中表达了关于流放主题的想法。

49. What kind of place is Governor's Island?
  1. A.It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists.
  2. B.It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles.
  3. C.It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles.
  4. D.It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位 'Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district... Now known as New York's shared space for art and play... open to summer tourists' → 综合信息 → 得出答案

考点：细节综合信息整合

译文：题干：总督岛是什么样的地方？正确项：它是一个吸引游客和艺术家的历史遗址。

50. What does Chasin say about the project?
  1. A.It just focused on the sufferings of black females.
  2. B.It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.
  3. C.It has started the career of many creative artists.
  4. D.It has created some meaningful artistic works.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位 Chasin 的引述 'some of the work... has stuck with her' 及 'People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages' → 推断项目产生了有意义的作品 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：Chasin 对这个项目说了什么？正确项：它创造了一些有意义的艺术作品。

Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost- saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them. The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor. Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer. A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants( ). After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors. "It's an important, cautionary note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists," says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. "We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed." Being depressed can mean feeling "lost in your own small, negative, dark world," Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. "When you're emotionally vulnerable, you're even more in need of a caring human being," he says.

51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?
  1. A.Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.
  2. B.Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.
  3. C.They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.
  4. D.They have been well received by a lot of patients.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首段研究结论 → 提取核心原因（患者不参与或不坚持） → 同义替换为选项A

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：最近的研究对在线CBT项目有何说法？正确项：患者可能无法坚持完成它们以达到效果。

52. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?
  1. A.Their effectiveness in combating depression.
  2. B.The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.
  3. C.Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.
  4. D.The recommendation by primary care doctors.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位第二段“gaining popularity”后的解释 → 提取“low-cost help wherever... access to a computer” → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：是什么让在线CBT项目日益流行？正确项：患者可以轻松且低成本地获取它们。

53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?
  1. A.Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from physicians.
  2. B.The process of treating depression is often more complicated than anticipated.
  3. C.The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.
  4. D.Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extreme caution.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位第三段研究结果 → 提取“no improvement... over... usual care” → 同义替换为选项A

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：约克大学研究人员的主要发现是什么？正确项：在线CBT项目并不比常规护理更有效。

54. What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?
  1. A.They should not be neglected in primary care.
  2. B.Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.
  3. C.They should be used by strictly following instructions.
  4. D.Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Dowrick教授的引言 → 提取“shouldn't get too carried away”和“need the human touch” → 推断其核心建议是不要高估在线CBT → 同义替换为选项B

考点：观点态度推理判断

译文：题干：Dowrick教授对在线CBT项目有何建议？正确项：不应高估它们的有效性。

55. What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?
  1. A.A positive state of mind.
  2. B.Appropriate medication.
  3. C.Timely encouragement.
  4. D.Human interaction.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位末段Dowrick教授关于“emotionally vulnerable”的论述 → 提取“even more in need of a caring human being” → 同义替换为选项D

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：对于情感脆弱的人来说，什么更重要？正确项：人际互动。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Students Bring Warmth to Elderly Neighbors Last Saturday morning, the Student Union of our university organized a volunteer activity to help elderly people living in the nearby community. More than thirty student volunteers took part in the event, which was held at the Sunshine Nursing Home. During the activity, the volunteers were divided into several groups. Some cleaned the rooms and tidied the gardens, while others chatted with the elderly, performed songs and taught them how to use smartphones. A few students even brought homemade food and gifts to share. The activity received warm praise from both the elderly and the community. Many old people said they felt cared for and less lonely, and the volunteers also gained a deeper understanding of social responsibility. This meaningful event not only brings joy to the elderly but also encourages more students to devote themselves to voluntary work in the future.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式,已有2000多年历史。剪纸很可能源于汉代,继纸张发明之后。从此,它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。剪纸用的材料和工具很简单:纸和剪刀。剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的,因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。因此,在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合,红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese folk art with a history of more than 2,000 years. It probably originated in the Han Dynasty, after the invention of paper. Since then, it has gained popularity in many parts of China. The materials and tools used in paper cutting are very simple: paper and scissors. Paper cuttings are usually made of red paper, because red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, on festive occasions such as weddings and the Spring Festival, red paper cuttings are the top choice for decorating doors and windows.

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