2019年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2019年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

年份考次
2019 年 · 6月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
35 题
满分
681.6 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 21 题 220.1 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力21 题 · 220 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A 9-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy. James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. His father said he had offered his son $100 as a reward; to encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to $200. James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland. Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back.

1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report?
  1. A.He set a record by swimming to and from an island.
  2. B.He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.
  3. C.He visited a prison located on a faraway island.
  4. D.He swam around an island near San Francisco.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键信息'swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back'与'set a record' → 同义替换为'swimming to and from an island'与'set a record' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据报道，这位来自加州中部的男孩做了什么？正确项：他通过往返一座岛屿游泳创下了纪录。

2. What did the father do to encourage his son?
  1. A.He doubled the reward.
  2. B.He set him an example.
  3. C.He cheered him on all the way.
  4. D.He had the event covered on TV.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键信息'he doubled it to $200'与目的状语'to encourage his struggling son' → 同义替换为'doubled the reward' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：父亲做了什么来鼓励他的儿子？正确项：他把奖励加倍了。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

On the 1st of January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women, and 25 for men, the South China Morning Post reports. The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China's one-child policy. But with that policy now being abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says. In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy, because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80. But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time. So people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax. with China's one-child policy.

3. What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?
  1. A.To end the one-child policy.
  2. B.To encourage late marriage.
  3. C.To increase working efficiency.
  4. D.To give people more time to travel.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键信息'The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married' → 同义替换为'encourage late marriage' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：中国年假奖金的目的是什么？正确项：鼓励晚婚。

4. What do we learn about the new regulations?
  1. A.They will not be welcomed by young people.
  2. B.They will help to popularize early marriage.
  3. C.They will boost China's economic growth.
  4. D.They will not come into immediate effect.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键信息'But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time' → 推理得出新规不会立即生效 → 同义替换为'will not come into immediate effect' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：我们了解到关于新规的什么信息？正确项：它们不会立即生效。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning-up the next morning isn't as enjoyable. Now, however, a New Zealand-based start-up company aims to bring messy homes—and even splitting headaches—back to normal. The properly-named start-up Morning-After Maids was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst. Aside from cleaning-up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends, which is when their service is in most demand anyway. Besides being flooded with requests from across the country, Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.S. and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward. even splitting headaches—back to normal.

5. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
  2. B.Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
  3. C.A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
  4. D.Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首句转折'but the cleaning-up... isn't as enjoyable'与核心句'a New Zealand-based start-up company aims to bring messy homes...back to normal' → 概括主旨为一家新公司提供派对后清洁服务 → 同义替换为'A new company to clean up the mess after parties' → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：这则新闻报道主要关于什么？正确项：一家清理派对后残局的新公司。

6. What is a common problem with a house party?
  1. A.It takes a lot of time to prepare.
  2. B.It leaves the house in a mess.
  3. C.It makes party goers exhausted.
  4. D.It creates noise and misconduct.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位问题核心（house party的常见问题） → 听取录音首句转折（but the cleaning-up the next morning isn't as enjoyable） → 同义替换（cleaning-up ↔ leaves the house in a mess） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：家庭派对的常见问题是什么？正确项：它把房子弄得一团糟。

7. What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do?
  1. A.Hire an Australian lawyer.
  2. B.Visit the U.S. and Canada.
  3. C.Settle a legal dispute.
  4. D.Expand their business. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位人物计划（planning to do） → 听取录音末句（meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward） → 推理要点（take the business forward = expand their business） → 得出答案

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：Rebecca Foley和Catherine Ashurst计划做什么？正确项：扩大他们的业务。

听力原文 · Questions 9 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Kyle, how did your driver's theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?

9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?
  1. A.He was not well prepared. C) He was not used to the test format.
  2. B.He did not get to the exam in time. D) He did not follow the test procedure.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位失败原因（fail the exam the first time） → 听取对话中女士的推测（underestimated how difficult it would be... go in underprepared） → 同义替换（underprepared ↔ not well prepared） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：他第一次考试为什么没通过？正确项：他准备不充分。

10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?
  1. A.They are tough. C) They are helpful.
  2. B.They are costly. D) They are too short.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位评价对象（driving lessons） → 听取对话中男士的描述（lessons are rather expensive, £20 an hour） → 同义替换（expensive ↔ costly） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对他的驾驶课有什么看法？正确项：它们很贵。

11. What does the man hope to do next?
  1. A.Pass his road test the first time. C) Find an experienced driving instructor.
  2. B.Test-drive a few times on highways. D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对话结尾处男士对未来计划的陈述 → 提取其希望首次通过路考的目标 → 同义替换为选项A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士希望接下来做什么？正确项：首次通过路考。

听力原文 · Question 14（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Emma, I got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you're going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?

14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?
  1. A.His favorable recommendations. C) His academic excellence.
  2. B.His outstanding musical talent. D) His unique experience.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话中男士提及奖学金的部分 → 提取其获得奖学金的可能原因（音乐天赋） → 同义替换为选项B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：什么可能使男士有资格获得利兹大学的奖学金？正确项：他杰出的音乐天赋。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home's structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water, and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows. of them bug humans.

16. What does the passage say about ants?
  1. A.They help farmers keep diseases in check.
  2. B.Many species remain unknown to scientists.
  3. C.Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
  4. D.They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段对蚂蚁物种的总体描述 → 识别 'only a few of them bug humans' 与选项C的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章关于蚂蚁说了什么？正确项C：只有少数物种对人类造成麻烦。

17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?
  1. A.They are larger than many other species.
  2. B.They can cause damage to people's homes.
  3. C.They can survive a long time without water.
  4. D.They like to form colonies in electrical units.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 'carpenter ants' 所在句 → 识别其功能 'undermine a home's structure' → 与选项B 'cause damage to people's homes' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于木匠蚁，我们了解到什么？正确项B：它们会对人们的房屋造成损害。

18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?
  1. A.Deny them access to any food.
  2. B.Keep doors and windows shut.
  3. C.Destroy their colonies close by.
  4. D.Refrain from eating sugary food.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位 'prevent ants' 相关建议段落 → 识别核心建议 'avoid giving ants any access to food' → 与选项A 'Deny them access to any food' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们能做什么来防止蚂蚁进入我们的家？正确项A：拒绝它们接触任何食物。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto-immune diseases. We know that as we get older, it's easier for us to get infections. So, older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age. In most of our work when we're looking at older adults who've got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called "The 1,000 Elders." These volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed and to help us carry out a whole range of research. The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment we're living much longer, life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age and that they're not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. We want people to be healthy even when they are old.

19. What is the focus of the speaker's research?
  1. A.The function of the human immune system.
  2. B.The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
  3. C.The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
  4. D.The change in people's immune system as they get older.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首句 'My research focus is on...' → 识别核心研究对象 'what happens to our immune system as we age' → 与选项D 'The change in people's immune system as they get older' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：主旨定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者研究的重点是什么？正确项D：人们免疫系统随年龄增长发生的变化。

20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?
  1. A.Report their illnesses.
  2. B.Offer blood samples.
  3. C.Act as research assistants.
  4. D.Help to interview patients.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位志愿者 'The 1,000 Elders' 的职责描述 → 识别 'to provide us with blood samples' → 与选项B 'Offer blood samples' 进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：志愿者在研究中被要求做什么？正确项B：提供血样。

21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?
  1. A.Strengthening people's immunity to infection.
  2. B.Better understanding patients' immune system.
  3. C.Helping improve old people's health conditions.
  4. D.Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位研究目的句 → 提取核心目标（改善老年健康） → 匹配选项C的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者说他的研究将产生什么影响？ 正确项C：帮助改善老年人的健康状况。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn't know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess. "I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it," he said. Now Komada coaches the school's chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. And this week dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the SuperNationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him, and his students, control. The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.

22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Killip Elementary?
  1. A.His students had trouble getting on with each other.
  2. B.A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.
  3. C.His students were struggling to follow his lessons.
  4. D.A group of kids were playing chess after school.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词noticed → 捕捉其后具体观察内容 → 匹配选项D的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Ted Komada在Killip小学开始任教后有一天注意到了什么？ 正确项D：一群孩子放学后在下棋。

23. What are dozens of students from Komada's school going to do this week?
  1. A.Visit a chess team in Nashville.
  2. B.Join the school's chess team.
  3. C.Participate in a national chess competition.
  4. D.Receive training for a chess competition.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词this week → 捕捉学生行动（head out to compete） → 推理出参加全国比赛

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：Komada学校的学生本周要做什么？ 正确项C：参加一场全国象棋比赛。

24. What do we learn about the students of Killip Elementary?
  1. A.Most of them come from low-income families.
  2. B.Many have become national chess champions.
  3. C.A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
  4. D.Many became chess coaches after graduation.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词students → 捕捉关于学生背景的描述 → 匹配选项A的同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到Killip小学的学生什么情况？ 正确项A：他们大多数来自低收入家庭。

25. What have the students learned from Komada?
  1. A.Actions speak louder than words.
  2. B.Think twice before taking action.
  3. C.Translate their words into action.
  4. D.Take action before it gets too late.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Komada的教学理念句 → 提取核心（行动前思考） → 匹配选项B的同义改写

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：学生们从Komada那里学到了什么？ 正确项B：三思而后行。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has [26] from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life. In a [27] to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced [28] that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. "Michigan's [29] in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to [30] our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead [31] of four bills recently introduced. If all four bills pass as written, they would [32] a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand [33] of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building. Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In [34] , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more [35] rules that would require human drivers to be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.

A. bidB. contrastC. deputyD. dominanceE. fleetsF. knotsG. legislationH. migratedI. replaceJ. representK. restrictiveL. rewardM. significantN. sponsorO. transmitted

参考答案与解析

答案：26-H　27-A　28-G　29-D　30-I　31-N　32-J　33-E　34-B　35-K

解析：26 空 根据空格后介词 'from Detroit to Silicon Valley' 判断需要表示移动的动词，结合 'take on' 搭配排除其他选项
27 空 根据空格后 'to take production back to Detroit' 判断需要表示'尝试'或'努力'的名词，结合固定搭配 'in an attempt to' 排除其他选项
28 空 根据空格后 'that could make their state the best place' 判断需要表示'法案'或'提案'的名词，结合 'introduce bills' 搭配排除其他选项
29 空 根据空格后 'in auto research and development' 和 'is under attack' 判断需要表示'领先地位'或'优势'的名词，结合语境排除其他选项
30 空 根据空格后 'our leadership in transportation' 和 'desire to' 判断需要表示'夺取'或'挑战'的动词，结合语境排除其他选项
31 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（法案将导致法律更新）→ 结合选项词性（动词原形）与语义（导致、引起）→ 选择最符合语境的动词
32 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（公司可以自由测试技术）→ 结合选项词性（名词）与语义（服务、系统）→ 选择与“on-demand”搭配的词
33 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（与加州更严格的规则形成对比）→ 结合选项词性（形容词）与语义（对比关系）→ 选择表示“对比”的词
34 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（加州规则要求人类司机准备接管，禁止商业应用）→ 结合选项词性（形容词）与语义（与“自由测试”对比）→ 选择表示“严格”的词
35 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（加州规则要求人类司机准备接管）→ 结合选项词性（形容词）与语义（与“自动驾驶”对比）→ 选择表示“人类”的词

考点：动词搭配 take on语境选词固定搭配 in an attempt to固定搭配 introduce bills近义词辨析动词搭配语���选词

译文：美国汽车创新的中心在过去十年里已经移动了2000英里。它已从底特律转移到硅谷，自动驾驶汽车正在那里成为现实。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AToday in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians . Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.
BUnderstandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.
COur view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that "70 is the new 60" or "40 the new 30." If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.
DBut the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone had shifted to age 29.
EWhile there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.
FLongevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive( ) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.
GAnd yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.
HThe same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.
IIt seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide foundation for building a wide variety of skills.
JTransitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.
KA multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.
LThese multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.
MWith this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.
NCurrent life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.
1. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now. （I）
2. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects. （G）
3. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years. （D）
4. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents. （N）
5. More people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century. （A）
6. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life. （K）
7. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills. （H）
8. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well- being. （F）
9. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life. （M）
10. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life. （C）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-I　2-G　3-D　4-N　5-A　6-K　7-H　8-F　9-M　10-C

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'extended lifespan' 和 'more careers' → 在段落C中找到 'redesign of work and life' 和 'younger for longer' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'positive and negative effects' → 在段落B中找到 'concerns' 与 'wider picture' 的对比 → 推理出'延长职业生涯'的利弊双重性 → 得出答案
38. 定位题干关键词 'delayed their marriage' 和 'eight years' → 在段落D中找到 '1962...age 21' 与 '2014...age 29' 的具体数据 → 计算差值8年 → 得出答案
39. 定位题干关键词 'no longer follow the pattern of life' → 在段落C和D中找到 'redesign of work and life' 和 'commitments...occurring later in life' → 推理出生活模式因寿命延长而改变 → 得出答案
40. 定位题干关键词 'live over 100' 和 'mid-21st century' → 在段落A中找到 'by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone' → 2050年属于21世纪中叶 → 得出答案
41. 定位题干关键词 'longer life' 和 'radical changes' → 在段落C中找到 'inevitable redesign of work and life' 作为同义替换 → 得出答案K
42. 定位题干关键词 'technological change' 和 'upgrade skills' → 在语篇中未找到直接对应信息 → 结合全文主旨（寿命延长导致生活重新设计）进行推理 → 得出答案H
43. 定位题干关键词 'retire early' 和 'mental well-being' → 在语篇中未找到直接对应信息 → 结合全文主旨（寿命延长影响生活所有阶段）进行推理 → 得出答案F
44. 定位题干关键词 'age and stage' 和 'multi-stage life' → 在语篇中未找到直接对应信息 → 结合全文主旨（寿命延长导致生活阶段重新划分）进行推理 → 得出答案M
45. 定位题干关键词 'longer and healthier life' 和 'rearrange work and life' → 在段落C中找到 'inevitable redesign of work and life' 作为同义替换 → 得出答案C

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换推理判断观点态度数字运算逻辑衔接时间线线索细节定位主旨关联

译文：题干：未来更长的寿命将使人们拥有比现在更多的职业生涯。正确项I：寿命延长将导致工作和生活的重新设计。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

In the classic marriage vow , couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill. "Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce," said researcher Amelia Karraker. Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50. The researchers examined how the onset of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems. "We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness," Karraker said. "They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced." While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. "Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women." Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce. "Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health- related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."

46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?
  1. A.They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.
  2. B.They are as binding as they used to be.
  3. C.They are not taken seriously any more.
  4. D.They may help couples tide over hard times.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首句经典誓言 → 对比研究发现妻子患病时离婚风险上升 → 推断誓言未能保证婚姻持久

考点：对比转折研究结论推断

译文：题干：从文章中我们能了解关于婚姻誓言的什么信息？正确项：它们可能无法保证婚姻的持久。

47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?
  1. A.They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.
  2. B.They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.
  3. C.They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.
  4. D.They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究发现部分 → 找到关于丈夫患病率的具体数据 → 匹配选项同义改写

考点：细节定位数据比较

译文：题干：Karraker和合著者Kenzie Latham关于老年丈夫有什么发现？正确项：他们比妻子更可能患上严重疾病。

48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?
  1. A.They are more likely to be widowed.
  2. B.They are more likely to get divorced.
  3. C.They are less likely to receive good care.
  4. D.They are less likely to bother their spouses.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Karraker关于女性患病的直接引语 → 找到“doubly vulnerable”的具体解释 → 匹配“更可能离婚”的选项

考点：直接引语定位细节匹配

译文：题干：Karraker对患病女性有什么看法？正确项：她们更可能离婚。

49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?
  1. A.They are more accustomed to receiving care.
  2. B.They find it more important to make money for the family.
  3. C.They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.
  4. D.They expect society to do more of the job.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Karraker解释男性照顾配偶困难的原因 → 找到“Gender norms and social expectations” → 匹配“更习惯被照顾”的选项

考点：原因定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据Karraker，为什么男性更难照顾患病配偶？正确项：他们更习惯于接受照顾。

50. What does Karraker think is also important?
  1. A.Reducing marital stress on wives.
  2. B.Stabilizing old couples' relations.
  3. C.Providing extra care for divorced women.
  4. D.Making men pay for their wives' health costs.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位文章末尾Karraker的建议 → 找到“But it's also important to recognize...” → 匹配“为离婚女性提供额外照顾”的选项

考点：建议定位细节匹配

译文：题干：Karraker认为什么也很重要？正确项：为离婚女性提供额外照顾。

If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less? Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names. The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the "wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group." The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender. The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries. In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.

51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?
  1. A.Unwanted.
  2. B.Unhappy.
  3. C.Confused.
  4. D.Indifferent.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首段情感描述 → 同义替换 upset → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当人们被叫错名字时，他们通常会有什么感觉？正确项：不开心的。

52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?
  1. A.It is related to the way our memories work.
  2. B.It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.
  3. C.It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.
  4. D.It often causes misunderstandings among people.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位研究核心结论 → 同义替换认知错误与记忆分类 → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：David Rubin的研究关于叫错名字有什么发现？正确项：它与我们记忆运作的方式有关。

53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?
  1. A.Similar personality traits.
  2. B.Similar spellings of names.
  3. C.Similar physical appearance.
  4. D.Similar pronunciation of names.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位具体原因描述 → 同义替换发音相似 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：叫错名字最可能的原因是什么？正确项：名字的发音相似。

54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?
  1. A.It more often than not hurts relationships.
  2. B.It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.
  3. C.It is most frequently found in extended families.
  4. D.It most often occurs within a relationship group.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位调查核心发现 → 同义替换关系群体内混淆 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：对超过1700名受试者的调查关于叫错名字有什么发现？正确项：它最常发生在关系群体内部。

55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?
  1. A.They suffer more frustrations.
  2. B.They become worn out more often.
  3. C.They communicate more with their children.
  4. D.They generally take on more work at home.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位原因解释句 → 推理‘call on their children more often’的含义 → 得出答案

考点：推理判断细节支撑

译文：题干：为什么母亲比父亲更常叫错孩子的名字？正确项：她们与孩子的交流更多。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Last Saturday, a group of students from our university paid a visit to Green Valley Farm on the outskirts of the city. The trip was organized by our Student Union to bring campus life closer to nature and rural work. During the visit, participants were led around the farm by an experienced farmer. They watched how vegetables were planted, fed the chickens and sheep, and even tried picking ripe strawberries themselves. Many students said it was their first time to see how the food on their tables was actually produced. The fresh air and the busy scene left everyone excited and curious. When the trip ended, students agreed that they had gained far more than a pleasant day out. They learned to respect farmers' hard work and to value every grain of food. The Student Union announced that more such activities would be arranged, so that students could learn beyond textbooks and grow through real experience.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

灯笼起源于东汉,最初主要用于照明。在唐代,人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活。从那时起,灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作,形状和尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中,红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆,通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂。如今,世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and were mainly used for lighting at first. In the Tang Dynasty, people used red lanterns to celebrate a stable life. Since then, lanterns have become popular in many parts of China. Lanterns are usually made of brightly colored thin paper and come in various shapes and sizes. In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns symbolize a happy life and a prosperous business, and are usually hung up during festivals such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and National Day. Today, red lanterns can also be seen in many other parts of the world.

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