2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2021 年 · 12月·第3套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
收录格式
PDF
2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） 试卷封面（PDF 首页）
2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） 试卷封面大图
试卷封面 · 点击看大图
开始考试（网页）
开始考试（微信）
2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） 微信小程序码

微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试

本页为《2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

United Airlines has apologised for mistakenly shipping an American family's pet dog thousands of miles in the wrong direction to Japan. The dog owner's beloved 10-year-old dog named Buddy took an unexpected 16-hour flight to Tokyo following a mix-up by the airline. The dog owner's family are currently in the process of moving. They were meant to be reunited with the pet in their new home city in Texas. But when they arrived at the United Airlines cargo facility in the southern U.S. state, they found a stranger's dog waiting in Buddy's place. Both of the dogs had been sent to the wrong destinations on connecting flights from Denver, with Buddy mistakenly being sent to Japan instead. Buddy was given a physical checkup when he arrived at Tokyo's International Airport. The dog was then sent back to the U.S. on a private charter jet. "I'm so glad he's alive and coming home soon!" said the relieved dog owner. "And an error occurred during the connections in Denver. We have notified our customers that their pets arrived safely. We will arrange to return the pets to them as soon as possible," a spokesperson of United Airlines said. with Buddy mistakenly being sent to Japan instead. It sent two dogs to the wrong destinations.

1. What does the news report say about United Airlines?
  1. A.It found a pet dog on board a plane to a city in Texas.
  2. B.It had one of its cargo planes land at a wrong airport.
  3. C.It sent two dogs to the wrong destinations.
  4. D.It had two of its domestic flights mixed up.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键信息 'Both of the dogs had been sent to the wrong destinations' → 同义替换为 'sent two dogs to the wrong destinations' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道关于美联航说了什么？正确项：它将两只狗送错了目的地。

2. What did the spokesperson for United Airlines say they would do after the incident?
  1. A.Correct their mistake as soon as possible.
  2. B.Give the two pets a physical checkup.
  3. C.Hire a charter jet to bring the pets back.
  4. D.Send another plane to continue the flight.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位发言人原话 'We will arrange to return the pets to them as soon as possible' → 同义替换为 'Correct their mistake as soon as possible' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：美联航发言人说他们将在事件后做什么？正确项：尽快纠正他们的错误。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Officials at Reid Park Zoo in Tucson Arizona are celebrating the birth of a baby elephant. Zoo officials say the baby was born on Monday. It is a female and she weighs nearly 130 kilograms. Semba, her mother, is a 30-year-old African elephant. The pregnancy lasted 22 months. Officials describe the baby elephant as "healthy, standing and nursing". The baby hasn't been given a name yet. Semba has given birth before. Zoo officials said during this pregnancy, she was closely monitored through physical exams and blood tests. Dr. Sue Tygielski is the zoo's director of zoological operations. She said the elephant's birth went smoothly and that there were no complications. The new baby expands the zoo's elephant herd to six. That includes the baby's parents, a sister, a brother and an adult female.

3. What do we learn about the mother elephant Semba?
  1. A.She weighs 130 kilograms.
  2. B.She has had babies before.
  3. C.She was brought from Africa.
  4. D.She has a big family of six.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键信息 'Semba has given birth before' → 同义替换为 'She has had babies before' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到母象Semba的什么信息？正确项：她以前生过宝宝。

4. What does the report say about the birth of the new baby elephant?
  1. A.It took 22 hours.
  2. B.It had some complications.
  3. C.It was smooth.
  4. D.It was monitored by Dr. Sue Tygielski.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键信息 'the elephant's birth went smoothly and that there were no complications' → 同义替换为 'It was smooth' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：报道关于新生小象的出生说了什么？正确项：过程很顺利。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Three years ago, a couple was enjoying a meal at a beach restaurant. The restaurant was built on a wooden structure above the sea-water. During the meal, the man's wedding ring slipped off his finger. It fell through the wooden floorboards, apparently lost forever. Recently, the restaurant manager Ryan Krivoy decided to replace the wooden deck and he found an old gold coin, some $100 bills and a silver wedding ring while replacing the deck. The restaurant waitress Sasha Formica posted a picture of the ring on Facebook. The post was shared about 5,000 times. Three days later, the happy wife called to claim the ring. She even texted pictures of her and her husband eating there in 2017 as proof. The restaurant mailed the ring back to the happy couple. Meanwhile, Krivoy discovered that the gold coin was very rare. It was from 1855 and worth as much as $2,000.

5. What do we learn about the restaurant?
  1. A.It enjoyed great popularity.
  2. B.It started business three years ago.
  3. C.It was frequented by newly-weds.
  4. D.It was built above the sea-water.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键信息 'The restaurant was built on a wooden structure above the sea-water' → 同义替换为 'It was built above the sea-water' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到这家餐厅的什么信息？正确项：它建在海水之上。

6. What did the restaurant manager decide to do recently?
  1. A.Expand his business on the beach.
  2. B.Replace the restaurant's wooden deck.
  3. C.Post a picture of his restaurant online.
  4. D.Celebrate his silver wedding anniversary.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'restaurant manager' 和 'recently' → 听到 'Recently, the restaurant manager Ryan Krivoy decided to replace the wooden deck' → 同义替换 'replace the wooden deck' 为选项 B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：餐厅经理最近决定做什么？ 正确项：更换餐厅的木质甲板。

7. What did the waitress do about the recovered ring?
  1. A.She sold it for two thousand dollars.
  2. B.She took it to the restaurant manager.
  3. C.She posted its picture on Facebook.
  4. D.She returned it to its owner right away. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'waitress' 和 'recovered ring' → 听到 'The restaurant waitress Sasha Formica posted a picture of the ring on Facebook' → 直接对应选项 C

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：服务员对找回的戒指做了什么？ 正确项：她在Facebook上发布了它的照片。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: I can't believe that duck hunting is still legal in so many parts of the world. The scientific evidence from countries like Australia, Canada and the USA clearly indicates a decline in the birds' numbers. M: But can anyone be sure if the decline is really caused by the hunting or by climate change? W: It's caused by both in fact. We see more droughts in countries like Australia. Ducks are birds that feed and breed in areas where there is a lot of water, but their habitats have been shrinking in recent decades because of the droughts. M: And I guess with fewer places to inhabit, they concentrate in greater numbers in few areas, which surely makes them easier targets for the hunters. W: It does. My grandfather was a duck hunter. He told me hunting ducks and geese began in the 19th century. They were easily found and a plentifully available food source in farming areas, especially for poor immigrants. M: What do they use for hunting during that period? W: They use new types of guns, and birds could easily be shot down in flight. And in such great numbers, their commercial hunting of ducks and geese became an industry. Yet, there's no commercial farming of these birds nowadays. Their meat is hardly eaten in Western countries. M: No, duck hunting seemingly exists as the continuation of a tradition. W: Well, ducks have never been popular with farmers like my grandfather anyway because they sometimes destroy crops. In fact, farmers used to poison them in large numbers. M: That somehow doesn't surprise me. Nobody places much value on the lives of these poor birds or on their meat. Duck hunting remains legal in many parts of the world.

8. What does the woman find unbelievable?
  1. A.The number of ducks has declined sharply in recent years.
  2. B.Climate change has little effect on the lives of wild ducks.
  3. C.Duck meat is not eaten in Australia, Canada and the U.S.
  4. D.Duck hunting remains legal in many parts of the world.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'unbelievable' → 听到女士首句 'I can't believe that duck hunting is still legal...' → 同义替换 'still legal' 为 'remains legal'，得出答案 D

考点：细节定位同义替换观点态度

译文：题干：女士觉得什么难以置信？ 正确项：在世界许多地方，猎鸭仍然是合法的。

9. What does the woman say has caused the shrinking of ducks' habitats in Australia?
  1. A.Droughts.
  2. B.Bushfires.
  3. C.Farming.
  4. D.Hunting.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'shrinking of ducks' habitats' 和 'Australia' → 听到 'their habitats have been shrinking in recent decades because of the droughts' → 直接对应选项 A

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：女士说是什么导致了澳大利亚鸭子栖息地的萎缩？ 正确项：干旱。

10. Why is there no commercial farming of ducks and geese in Western countries?
  1. A.They are not easy to domesticate.
  2. B.Their meat is not that popular.
  3. C.It is not environmentally friendly.
  4. D.It is not considered cost-effective.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'no commercial farming' 和 'Western countries' → 听到 'Their meat is hardly eaten in Western countries' → 推理得出因为肉不受欢迎，所以没有商业化养殖 → 对应选项 B

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么西方国家没有鸭鹅的商业化养殖？ 正确项：它们的肉不那么受欢迎。

11. What does the woman say about farmers in her grandfather's time?
  1. A.They hunted ducks as a traditional sport.
  2. B.They killed wild ducks and geese for food.
  3. C.They raised ducks and geese for their eggs.
  4. D.They poisoned wild ducks in large numbers.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'farmers' 和 'grandfather's time' → 听取女士描述其祖父时代农民对鸭子的态度和行为 → 匹配 'poison them in large numbers' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于她祖父时代的农民，这位女士说了什么？正确项：他们大量毒杀野鸭。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Okay, Miss Bright. I've finished calculating. I estimate you have between 210 and 240 square meters of walls and ceiling. W: So, how much would the paint job cost? M: That would depend on the quality of paint you choose. We carry two brands. One costs 60 cents every square meter, and the other 90 cents. The second is guaranteed to look great for about 10 years, whereas the cheaper one will start to dull after around six or seven years. W: In that case, we would prefer the more expensive option. M: All right, then. So including labor costs, taxes, and everything, this job would come to $3,000. W: Um, to be perfectly honest, that's more than I expected. M: Please bear in mind that the price includes moving all the furniture, and the whole task would take two days. W: Really? Why? M: Well, we can't paint the walls without clearing all the furniture first. So every time we paint a room, we first have to move the furniture to another room. So that takes more time. Plus, it requires two people, which works out more expensive. W: I see. But does that mean I could not live here in my own house during those two days? M: That is correct. W: Oh well, that changes everything, I'm afraid. I would have to stay with a friend or check into a hotel. I hadn't considered any of that. I'm starting to realize that painting my house is far more troublesome than I had anticipated. M: This is usually the case. Most of our clients go through the same realization. W: I see. M: You have my number. Please feel free to call me for any further questions. W: Thank you. meters of walls and ceiling.

12. What is the woman planning to do?
  1. A.Have her house repainted.
  2. B.Replace some of her old furniture.
  3. C.Move into a newly-painted house.
  4. D.Calculate the cost of the paint job.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：通览对话，把握核心事件 → 女士询问粉刷成本，男士报价并解释流程 → 女士最终意识到麻烦超出预期 → 推断其计划是粉刷房屋

考点：主旨概括细节支撑

译文：题干：这位女士计划做什么？正确项：粉刷她的房子。

13. What is the woman's chief concern?
  1. A.How long the work will take.
  2. B.How much the work will cost.
  3. C.How the paint job is to be done.
  4. D.How many workers are needed.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士首次表达关切的语句 → 听取 'that's more than I expected' → 结合后续对麻烦的讨论，推断其首要关切是成本

考点：观点态度推断细节支撑

译文：题干：这位女士的主要关切是什么？正确项：工作将花费多少钱。

14. What does the woman have to do while the paint job is being done?
  1. A.Cover up her furniture.
  2. B.Ask some friends for help.
  3. C.Stay somewhere else.
  4. D.Oversee the work herself.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士询问 'does that mean I could not live here...' → 听取男士确认及女士回应 'I would have to stay with a friend or check into a hotel' → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在粉刷工作进行期间，这位女士必须做什么？正确项：住在别处。

15. What has the woman come to realize at the end of the conversation?
  1. A.She could have asked a friend for help with the paint job.
  2. B.Painting a house involves more trouble than she thought.
  3. C.She should have repainted her house much earlier.
  4. D.Moving her furniture is harder than the paint job. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话结尾女士的总结性发言 → 听取 'I'm starting to realize that painting my house is far more troublesome than I had anticipated' → 匹配选项

考点：推理判断主旨概括

译文：题干：在对话结束时，这位女士意识到了什么？正确项：粉刷房子比她想象的要麻烦得多。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Homework is an important part of schooling, but the purposes of giving children homework will change as they grow older. At the primary level, the main aim is to cultivate good habits, like learning to plan and exercising self-discipline. During the secondary school years, extending what is learned at school is positively related to academic achievement, so the content of homework becomes more important. So how can you help your child do their best? Creating an ideal working environment will make it easier for them to get down to their assignments quickly. Make sure it's free of distractions, and for primary school children at least somewhere near you, so you can answer questions and offer encouragement. You probably have to help younger children plan their session, but it's important that by the end of primary school it's second nature. Get them to tell you everything they have to do. Then encourage them to establish an order in which they do work. When there are several different assignments, make sure they begin with one they enjoy, so it seems easy to get started. It's best to take on the most difficult task second once they're settled, but before they get tired. If older children have more than an hour of homework, encourage them to schedule a short break to stretch. If you encourage them to tell you what they've learned, they'll absorb the information more deeply and remember it more readily. exercising self-discipline. To prepare for secondary school.

16. What is the main aim of homework for primary school kids?
  1. A.To cultivate good habits.
  2. B.To prepare for secondary school.
  3. C.To review what is learned in class.
  4. D.To stimulate interest in learning.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'primary school kids' → 听到 'At the primary level, the main aim is to cultivate good habits' → 同义替换 'cultivate good habits' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：小学阶段家庭作业的主要目的是什么？正确项：培养良好习惯。

17. What does the passage suggest parents do to help their children?
  1. A.Discuss their academic achievements with them.
  2. B.Create an ideal study environment for them.
  3. C.Allow them to learn independently.
  4. D.Check their homework promptly.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'parents do to help' → 听到 'Creating an ideal working environment will make it easier...' → 同义替换 'ideal working environment' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章建议父母做什么来帮助孩子？正确项：为他们创造一个理想的学习环境。

18. What should children do to deal with multiple assignments?
  1. A.Finish them before they get tired.
  2. B.Tackle the most difficult task first.
  3. C.Start with something they enjoy.
  4. D.Focus on the most important ones.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'multiple assignments' → 听到 'When there are several different assignments, make sure they begin with one they enjoy' → 同义替换 'begin with' 为 'start with' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：孩子应该如何处理多项作业？正确项：从他们喜欢的事情开始。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Workers at Mexican oil company will receive a healthy incentive of almost $300 a year if they meet certain body weight standards. To qualify for the bonus, they must maintain a healthy weight. For those who are overweight or obese, they could receive the bonus if they reduce their weight by 10% during the year. Some applaud the policy as fair, because it rewards both the individuals who maintain a healthy weight and those who are working towards achieving it. But critics say the policy contradicts recommendations by many health experts, who warn that a person's weight is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. That means weight can be hard for individuals to control, which makes the bonus unfair. Some experts say the policy is inconsistent with the science of what we know about body weight regulation. These experts argue that focusing on wage is the wrong approach. A more productive method of encouraging health among employees is to promote healthy behaviors. For example, companies can give workers gym memberships, or encourage participation in lectures on healthy eating and living. They can also reduce sweets and provide healthier snacks in the office and healthier meals at the company canteen. Or they can give employees more time during their lunch break to exercise. These are much better and much more productive ways for companies to move forward on their employees' wellbeing. they meet certain body weight standards.

19. Who will qualify for the bonus in Mexican oil company?
  1. A.Workers who meet its body weight standards.
  2. B.Workers who can lose 30 pounds in a year.
  3. C.Workers who try the hardest to lose weight.
  4. D.Workers who are in the top 10% of the slimmest.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'qualify for the bonus' → 听到 'To qualify for the bonus, they must maintain a healthy weight' → 同义替换 'maintain a healthy weight' 为 'meet its body weight standards' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：谁有资格获得墨西哥石油公司的奖金？正确项：达到其体重标准的员工。

20. What do critics think of Mexican oil company's bonus policy?
  1. A.Impractical.
  2. B.Inconsistent.
  3. C.Unmanageable.
  4. D.Unfair.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'critics think' → 听到 'But critics say... which makes the bonus unfair' → 直接捕捉观点词 'unfair' → 得出答案

考点：观点态度细节定位

译文：题干：批评者如何看待墨西哥石油公司的奖金政策？正确项：不公平。

21. What do experts propose companies do about workers' wellbeing?
  1. A.Offer them much fatter bonuses.
  2. B.Improve working environment.
  3. C.Encourage healthy behaviors.
  4. D.Provide free lunch and snacks.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位专家建议段落 → 识别‘promote healthy behaviors’及其具体举例 → 同义替换为‘Encourage healthy behaviors’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：专家建议公司就员工福祉采取什么措施？正确项：鼓励健康行为。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Campaigners have warned that the British government is not doing enough to prevent left-handed pupils from falling behind their peers. They claim that thousands of children are still being "penalized" for being left-handed. This is due to a lack of action from ministers, who've failed to take any meaningful action for years. It is feared that a failure to address early-year challenges, such as poor handwriting, leads to much more serious problems down the line—with these pupils facing reduced career prospects. Studies in recent years show that left-handed children are more likely to suffer with learning difficulties and their scores are lower on IQ tests. Campaigners feel it's strange that children in British schools are penalized because they happen to be left-handed. They don't understand why successive governments have failed to act on this. They want the department of education to record which children are left-handed and what their educational attainments are, since they make up some 10% of the population. 10% In early-year education, left-handed children are struggling and making a mess of their handwriting. Educators don't know how to deal with this. In many cases, there is no active help and a lack of teacher training. Campaigners point out that a high percentage of the prison population is left-handed. They say that these prison numbers are unusually high and ask why it is the case. handed pupils from falling behind their peers.

22. Why are some people criticizing the British government?
  1. A.It has not done enough to help left-handed children.
  2. B.It has treated left-handed children as being disabled.
  3. C.It has not built facilities specially for the left-handed.
  4. D.It has ignored campaigns on behalf of the left-handed.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位批评信号词‘warned’ → 捕捉其后直接宾语从句‘the British government is not doing enough...’ → 同义替换为‘has not done enough to help’

考点：信号词捕捉细节定位

译文：题干：为什么一些人批评英国政府？正确项：它没有做足够的事来帮助左撇子儿童。

23. What do studies in recent years show about left-handed children?
  1. A.They are as intelligent as other children.
  2. B.They have a distinctive style of handwriting.
  3. C.They sometimes have psychological problems.
  4. D.They tend to have more difficulties in learning.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究结论信号词‘Studies...show’ → 捕捉其后‘more likely to suffer with learning difficulties’ → 同义替换为‘tend to have more difficulties in learning’

考点：信号词捕捉细节定位

译文：题干：近年来的研究表明左撇子儿童有什么特点？正确项：他们在学习上往往有更多困难。

24. What do the campaigners demand the department of education do?
  1. A.Punish teachers discriminating against left-handed students.
  2. B.Lay more emphasis on improving children's mental health.
  3. C.Encourage students to develop various professional skills.
  4. D.Keep track of left-handed children's school performance.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位诉求信号词‘They want’ → 捕捉其后宾语从句‘the department of education to record...’ → 同义替换为‘Keep track of...school performance’

考点：信号词捕捉细节定位

译文：题干：活动家要求教育部做什么？正确项：记录左撇子儿童的在校表现。

25. What do the campaigners want to know about left-handed prisoners?
  1. A.How they can be reduced in number.
  2. B.Why their numbers are so high.
  3. C.What percentage they account for.
  4. D.If their percentage keeps increasing.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关于囚犯的段落 → 捕捉活动家提问‘ask why it is the case’ → 推断其想知道‘why their numbers are so high’

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：活动家想了解左撇子囚犯的什么情况？正确项：为什么他们的人数如此之高。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

The sheets are damp with sweat. You're cold, but your heart is racing as if a killer just chased you down a dark street. It was just a nightmare, you tell yourself; there's nothing to be afraid of. But you're still filled with [26] . Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be, is there a way for dreamers to [27] , or even turn off, these bad dreams as they happen? Research is [28] , but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming—that is, the ability to be [29] that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without waking up—may hold the [30] . Nightmares are part of the human experience, especially for kids. Doctors [31] don't consider occasional nightmares a problem. They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can [32] from an unpleasant experience, stress, or certain drugs. To treat the disorder, there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by [33] research, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent [34] published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. However, nightmares are complicated, and researchers are still struggling to understand them, said Dr. Rachel Salas, an expert on sleep disorders and an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. What we do know is that people [35] to have different kinds of nightmares at different points during the sleep cycle.

A. amountB. answerC. avoidD. awareE. departF. drasticallyG. fearH. limitedI. mechanicalJ. resultK. reviewL. rigorousM. tendN. timidityO. typically

参考答案与解析

答案：26-G　27-C　28-H　29-D　30-B　31-O　32-J　33-L　34-K　35-M

解析：26 空 空前为 'you're still filled with'（你内心仍充满______），需名词作介词 with 的宾语；上句 'there's nothing to be afraid of'（没什么好怕的）与 But 转折相对 → 空格应填表示「恐惧」的名词 → 词库 G 项 fear 符合
27 空 定位空格前后的逻辑关系（or even turn off） → 推断空格动词需与“关闭”形成递进或并列关系 → 选择表示“控制”的动词
28 空 定位空格后的转折词but → 推断空格处需表达研究状态不明确或有限 → 选择表示“有限的”或“不充分的”形容词
29 空 定位空格前的“the ability to be” → 推断空格需填入表示“意识到”的形容词 → 选择与“意识到”相关的形容词
30 空 定位空格前的“hold the” → 推断空格需填入表示“关键”或“答案”的名词 → 选择与“掌握关键”相关的名词
31 空 定位空格后的“don't consider occasional nightmares a problem” → 推断空格需填入表示“通常”或“一般”的副词 → 选择表示频率或普遍性的副词
32 空 定位空格前后的语义逻辑（症状可源自...）→ 识别固定搭配 'stem from' → 选择表示'起源'的动词
33 空 定位空格前 'backed by' → 识别语境为'医学研究' → 选择表示'科学的、实证的'形容词
34 空 定位空格前 'published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine' → 识别语境为'学术发表' → 选择表示'论文、研究'的名词
35 空 定位空格前 'people' 和后 'to have' → 识别固定搭配 'tend to' → 选择表示'倾向于'的动词

考点：固定搭配语境选词动词搭配近义词辨析动词搭配 stem from固定搭配 tend to

译文：题干：但那只是一场噩梦，你对自己说，没什么好怕的；可你内心仍充满______。 正确项：fear（恐惧）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AMost of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago. But today's teens have grown up with smartphones. Compared with teens a couple of decades ago, the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is fundamentally different.
BAnalysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time. Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens. Digital devices are changing other behaviors, too. More and more, young people choose spending time on their electronic devices over engaging in other activities, regardless of the type. Indeed, by 2016, the average American high school senior said they spent six hours a day writing text messages, on social media, and online during their free time. And that covers just three activities, and if other digital media activities were included, that estimate would no doubt rise.
CTeens did not always spend that much time with digital media. Online time has doubled since 2006, and social media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one in the same period. By 2016, nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites every day. Meanwhile, time spent playing video games rose from under an hour a day to an hour and a half on average. One out of ten American 8th grade students in 2016 spent 40 hours a week or more playing video games. Let me emphasize that this is equal to the time most adults spend per week at work.
DIf teens are spending so much time using electronic devices, does that mean they have to give up some other activities? Maybe not. Over the years, many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities. Some people, they argue, are just more interested in certain kinds of media and entertainment. Thus, using more of one type of media does not necessarily mean less of the other.
EThat may be true, but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media grows. Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past. While 70 percent of 8th and 10th grade students used to go to the movies once a month or more, now only about half do this. More and more, watching a movie is something teens choose to do on their electronic devices. Why is this a problem? One reason is that going to the cinema is generally a social activity. Now, watching movies is something that most teens do alone. This fits a larger pattern. In another analysis, researchers found that today's teens go out with their friends much less often than previous generations did.
FBut the trends related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time. Research has revealed an enormous decline in reading. In 1980, about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book, newspaper or magazine every day that was not assigned for school. By 2016, only 16 percent did. This is a huge drop and it is important to note that this was not merely a decline in reading paper books, newspapers or magazines. The survey allowed for reading materials on a digital device.
GIndeed, the number of senior high school students who said they had not read any books for pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016. That is triple the number from two decades ago. For today's youth, books, newspapers and magazines have less and less of a presence in their daily lives. Of course, teens are still reading. But they are generally reading short texts. Most of them are not reading long articles or books that explore deep themes and require critical thinking and reflection. Perhaps not accidentally, in 2016 reading scores were the lowest they have ever been since 1972.
HThis might present problems for young people later on. When high school students go on to college, their past and current reading habits will influence their academic performance. Imagine going from reading texts as short as one or two sentences to trying to read entire books written in complex language and containing sophisticated ideas. Reading and comprehending longer books and chapters takes practice, and American teens are no longer getting that practice.
ISo how can this problem be solved? Should parents and teachers take away teens' smartphones and replace them with paper books? Probably not. Research has shown that smartphones are currently American teens' main form of social communication. This means that, without a smartphone, teens are likely to feel isolated from their peers. However, that does not mean teens need to use electronic devices as often as they do now. Data connecting excessive digital media time to mental health issues suggests a limit of two hours a day of free time spent with screens, a restriction that will also allow time for other activities—like going to the movies with friends or reading longer, more complicated texts.
JThe latter is especially important. I would argue that of all the changes brought about by the widespread use of digital devices, the huge decline in reading is likely to have the biggest negative impact on today's teens because reading books and longer articles is one of the best ways to learn critical thinking. It helps people to understand complex issues and to separate fact from fiction. Thus, deep reading is crucial for being a good citizen, a successful college student and a productive employee. If serious reading dies, a lot will go with it.
1. Many years' surveys reveal that young people in America are going to the cinema much less often than they used to. （E）
2. Survey analysis shows American teens now spend their leisure time on digital devices rather than reading printed books. （B）
3. The number of senior high schoolers not reading books for pleasure in a year increased three times over 20 years. （G）
4. Many scholars claim that spending time on electronic devices doesn't necessarily mean a decrease of time for other activities. （D）
5. Most people spend much more time interacting with digital media than they did ten years ago. （A）
6. The author claims that it will be a great loss if we no longer read books and longer articles. （J）
7. Over a decade or so, American teens' social media use shifted from an occasional activity to a routine one. （C）
8. A more disturbing trend in America today is that teens are spending far less time reading than around four decades ago. （F）
9. Some five years ago, high school seniors in America generally spent more than six hours a day on electronic devices. （B）
10. It was found that American youngsters today don't socialize nearly as much as the earlier generations. （E）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-E　2-B　3-G　4-D　5-A　6-J　7-C　8-F　9-B　10-E

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'young people' 'cinema' 'much less often' → 在语篇中寻找关于年轻人看电影频率变化的描述 → 段落E提及 'going to the movies' 的频率下降 → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'leisure time' 'digital devices' 'rather than' 'printed books' → 在语篇中寻找关于休闲时间分配变化的描述 → 段落B明确提及 'Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens' → 得出答案
38. 定位题干关键词 'senior high schoolers' 'not reading books for pleasure' 'increased three times' '20 years' → 在语篇中寻找关于高中生阅读习惯变化的具体数据 → 段落E提及 'the percentage of high school seniors who reported that they had not read a book for pleasure in the previous year had tripled' → 得出答案
39. 定位题干关键词 'scholars' 'spending time on electronic devices' 'doesn't necessarily mean' 'decrease of time for other activities' → 在语篇中寻找学者观点 → 段落D明确提及 'many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging in other activities' → 得出答案
40. 定位题干关键词 'Most people' 'spend much more time' 'digital media' 'ten years ago' → 在语篇中寻找关于大多数人数字媒体使用时间变化的描述 → 段落A明确提及 'Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago' → 得出答案
41. 定位题干关键词 'great loss' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [J] 的 'it would be a great loss' → 匹配段落主旨
42. 定位题干关键词 'social media use shifted' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [C] 的 'social media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one' → 匹配段落主旨
43. 定位题干关键词 'less time reading' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [F] 的 'reading has declined' → 匹配段落主旨
44. 定位题干关键词 'six hours a day' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [B] 的 'spent six hours a day' → 匹配段落主旨
45. 定位题干关键词 'don't socialize' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [E] 的 'socializing has declined' → 匹配段落主旨

考点：细节定位同义替换数据匹配细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：多年的调查显示，美国年轻人去电影院的次数比过去少了很多。正确项E：年轻人去电影院的次数比过去少了很多。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone? While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to offend anyone, the lack of touching might imply cold attitudes or indifference in interpersonal relationships. So, what should we do? The simple answer is to thoroughly learn unique cultural norms for physical contact. In nonverbal communication terminology , physical contact and the study of touching are generally referred to as haptics. Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy. They are usually classified into two groups: high-contact and low-contact. Asia and quite surprisingly the United States, Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures. People from the rest of the world, such as Latin America, are considered to be in high-contact cultures, where they tend to expect touching in social interactions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness. Despite the classification, there are more complex factors such as relational closeness, gender, age, and context that can affect how someone views physical contact. One common French custom of greetings is cheek-kissing, but it is mostly restricted to friends, close acquaintances and family members. While cheek-kissing for Latin Americans is also a universal greeting form, it does not require such a high degree of relational closeness. However, gender matters more for them because cheek-kissing often only happens between women or a man and a woman but not two men. In contrast, in certain Arabian, African, and Asian countries, men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of the world. Although men's touching is more normal in these cultures, physical contact between persons of opposite sexes who are not family members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries. These factors could definitely affect the degree to which someone is comfortable with tactile( ) communication and physical intimacy. Therefore, if you are someone who loves to show physical affection, you should not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors—just ask for consent beforehand!

46. What does the author say in the first paragraph about physical contact?
  1. A.Its role in interpersonal relationships is getting increasingly important.
  2. B.It is becoming more acceptable to many who used to think it offensive.
  3. C.Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships.
  4. D.It might prompt different responses from people of different social backgrounds.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段 → 识别同义替换（absence → lack of touching; suggest a lack of warmth → imply cold attitudes or indifference） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：作者在第一段中关于身体接触说了什么？正确项C：它在人际关系中的缺失可能暗示缺乏温暖。

47. What does physical contact in communication suggest?
  1. A.What social class people belong to.
  2. B.How civilized the communicators are.
  3. C.What family background people come from.
  4. D.How close the communicators' relationships are.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句（Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy） → 识别同义替换（intimacy → closeness of relationships） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：交流中的身体接触暗示了什么？正确项D：交流者关系的亲密程度。

48. What do we learn about people in high-contact cultures?
  1. A.They are sensitive to the way people express their emotions.
  2. B.They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.
  3. C.They attach great importance to close ties among people.
  4. D.They tend to be more open in interpersonal relationships.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位高接触文化描述 → 识别同义替换（expect touching in social interactions → take touching as a cultural norm） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：我们从高接触文化的人身上了解到什么？正确项B：他们将触摸视为社交互动中的文化规范。

49. What do we learn about social customs in Arabian countries?
  1. A.Men can show friendship in public through physical affection.
  2. B.Non-traditional romantic relationships are simply unacceptable.
  3. C.Physical contact between unfamiliar people is negatively perceived.
  4. D.People of different ages and genders show affection in different ways.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位阿拉伯国家描述 → 识别同义替换（men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship → show friendship in public through physical affection） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：我们从阿拉伯国家的社会习俗中了解到什么？正确项A：男性可以通过身体上的亲密举动在公共场合表达友谊。

50. What does the author tell us to do concerning tactile communication?
  1. A.Lay emphasis on nonverbal communication.
  2. B.Learn to use appropriate body language first.
  3. C.Pay attention to the differences between genders.
  4. D.Take other people's preference into consideration.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位结论段（Therefore...） → 识别同义替换（take other people's preference into consideration → learn unique cultural norms... not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors） → 推理作者建议

考点：主旨大意推理判断

译文：题干：作者告诉我们关于触觉交流应该怎么做？正确项D：考虑他人的偏好。

From climate change to the ongoing pandemic and beyond, the issues facing today's world are increasingly complex and dynamic. Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking. A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology, Paul O'Keefe, found that having a growth mindset of interest may spark this type of innovation. Professor O'Keefe established in earlier studies that people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest. Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated, while those with a fixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent and simply need to be 'found.' Building on these findings, the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences. For example, in one task, research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existing academic Arts or Science programs at their university. After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas, like computational chemistry. As Professor O'Keefe pointed out, "This research provides a useful direction for organizations whose products and services call for integrated and creative solutions. Take smartphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product. Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions." The benefits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment. This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests and become more adaptable to different fields, and take the initiative to learn new skills.

51. What does the author say about the world today?
  1. A.It faces problems that are getting more varied and complicated.
  2. B.It has done away with many of the traditional ways of thinking.
  3. C.It is undergoing radical and profound changes.
  4. D.It is witnessing various types of innovations.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首段首句 → 提取核心信息 'issues...are increasingly complex and dynamic' → 同义替换为 'problems that are getting more varied and complicated'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者对当今世界有何论述？正确项：它面临着日益多样化和复杂化的问题。

52. What did Professor O'Keefe find in his earlier studies?
  1. A.People's interests tend to change with age.
  2. B.People's interests determine their mindsets.
  3. C.People are divided about the nature of interest.
  4. D.People of different ages have different mindsets.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 'earlier studies' → 提取核心信息 'people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest' → 同义替换为 'People are divided about the nature of interest'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：O'Keefe教授在早期研究中发现了什么？正确项：人们对兴趣的本质存在分歧。

53. What is the focus of Professor O'Keefe's recent research?
  1. A.How boundaries can be removed between arts and science disciplines.
  2. B.How feasible it is to create new disciplines like computational economics.
  3. C.How students in arts and sciences view the two types of mindset of interest.
  4. D.How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位 'latest research' → 提取核心信息 'how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries' → 同义替换为 'How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking'

考点：主旨定位同义替换

译文：题干：O'Keefe教授近期研究的重点是什么？正确项：兴趣成长型思维如何促进跨学科思维。

54. What does the author want to illustrate with the example of smartphones?
  1. A.Hi-tech products are needed in interdisciplinary research.
  2. B.Improved technology gives birth to highly popular products.
  3. C.Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary knowledge.
  4. D.Hi-tech products can boost people's integrative thinking.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 'Take smartphones for example' → 提取例证前后的论点 'call for integrated and creative solutions' 和 'bridge multiple areas of knowledge' → 推理出例证目的为说明创新产品需要多学科知识

考点：例证推理论点提取

译文：题干：作者用智能手机的例子想说明什么？正确项：制造创新产品需要多学科知识。

55. What is the author's suggestion to those who are seeking employment?
  1. A.Learning practical skills.
  2. B.Broadening their interests.
  3. C.Staying safe in the pandemic.
  4. D.Knowing their pressing issues.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 'seeking employment' → 提取核心信息 'Having a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests' → 同义替换为 'Broadening their interests'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者对求职者有何建议？正确项：拓宽他们的兴趣。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: Suppose you have just participated in a school project of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim, organizers, participants and activities. You will have 30 minutes to write the report. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

A Report on the Used-Book Collection Last week, a book-collecting project was successfully carried out on our campus, aiming to give idle used books a second life and to help students in need. By gathering textbooks and novels that lay unused on shelves, the project hoped to promote recycling and ease the burden of buying new books. The project was organized by the Student Union, with strong support from the school library. It attracted a wide range of participants: undergraduates from every department, several teachers, and a group of enthusiastic volunteers. Together they set up donation booths, sorted and classified the collected books, and recorded each contribution carefully. Some volunteers also repaired damaged covers and delivered the books to a nearby rural school. Thanks to everyone's effort, more than two thousand books were collected. The activity not only enriched the campus reading atmosphere but also spread the spirit of sharing and thrift among students.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

都江堰 (Dujiangyan) 坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上,距成都市约50公里,始建于公元前三世纪。它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。两千多年来,都江堰一直有效地发挥着防洪与灌溉作用,使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃土和中国最重要的粮食产地之一。都江堰工程体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧,是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、无坝控水的水利工程。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Dujiangyan, located on the Minjiang River in the western Chengdu Plain and about 50 kilometers from Chengdu, was first built in the 3rd century BC. Its uniqueness lies in controlling water flow without using dams. For more than 2,000 years, Dujiangyan has effectively served the functions of flood control and irrigation, making the Chengdu Plain a fertile land immune to drought and flood as well as one of the most important grain-producing areas in China. The Dujiangyan project embodies the wisdom of the Chinese people in living in harmony with nature, and it is the oldest water conservancy project in the world that is still in use and controls water flow without a dam.

常见问题

2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）的答案和解析在哪看？

答案与解析就在本页：每道题下方「参考答案与解析」展开即看，含参考答案、解题思路与考点，免登录直接阅读。

四级听力原文哪里有？

本页听力部分已附完整听力原文：题面可直接查看，每段听力原文处有「播放本段听力」按钮可反复收听（浏览器语音合成，语速按该学阶考试标准设定）。

2021年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） PDF 怎么免费下载？

本页「试卷封面」卡片「收录格式」行内的 PDF 徽标即下载链接，点击直接下载本卷 PDF 文件，无需登录。

这套卷怎么在线做题、怎么计分？

点页面上方「开始考试（网页）」进入在线做题页：登录后装载本卷作答，交卷自动判分并留存成绩；免费账号每日可装载 30 套，会员每日 100 套。