2021年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

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2021年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2021 年 · 6月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

And finally in tonight's news, a 9-year-old boy named Joe, told not to draw in class, wins a job decorating a restaurant with his drawings. Rather than shutting down the habit of drawing in his school's workbook, Joe's parents decided to encourage his creativity by sending their son to an after-school art class. His teacher recognized Joe's talent and posted all his work online, which led to something pretty wonderful. A restaurant named "Number 4" in Newcastle contacted Joe's teacher to ask if the 9-year-old could come and decorate its dining-room with his drawings. Every day after school, Joe's dad drives him to the restaurant so he can put his ideas straight on the wall. Once he's all done, the work will remain there permanently. Joe's dad said Joe is a really talented little boy. He's excellent at school. He's great at football. But drawing is definitely what he is most passionate about. decided to encourage his creativity by sending their son to an after-school art class.

1. What did Joe's parents decide to do?
  1. A.Enrol him in a Newcastle football club.
  2. B.Send him to an after-school art class.
  3. C.Forbid him to draw in his workbook.
  4. D.Help him post his drawings online.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'Joe's parents' → 听到 'Rather than shutting down... decided to encourage... by sending... to an after-school art class' → 同义替换 'encourage his creativity' 为 'decide to do' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：乔的父母决定做什么？正确项：送他去课外艺术班。

2. What did the restaurant "Number 4" do?
  1. A.Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.
  2. B.Hired Joe to paint all the walls of its buildings.
  3. C.Renovated its kitchen and all the dining-rooms.
  4. D.Asked Joe for permission to use his online drawings.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'restaurant "Number 4"' → 听到 'A restaurant named "Number 4"... contacted Joe's teacher to ask if... could come and decorate its dining-room' → 同义替换 'contacted Joe's teacher to ask' 为 'contacted Joe' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：'4号'餐厅做了什么？正确项：联系乔来装饰其餐厅。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Kirsteen Marshall, a 34-year-old mum of one, posted a tearful video on social media Wednesday, begging for the safe return of her beloved pet dog. After combing through the security video outside a Gorbals shop, Kirsteen has now posted an image of a man suspected of stealing the dog. The image appears to show a man carrying the dog in his arms. Kirsteen also believes the video obtained from the shop shows the dog being stolen by a man before driving off in a car which had been waiting nearby. The family is now offering a £5,000 reward for the safe return of the dog after launching a social media campaign to find the thief. The dog is six and a half years old and was last seen wearing a red collar. Kirsteen said: "We'll pay that to anyone who brings him home as long as they are not responsible for his disappearance." Police are investigating the incident. Wednesday, begging for the safe return of her beloved pet dog.

3. What is Kirsteen Marshall trying to do?
  1. A.Get her pet dog back.
  2. B.Identify the suspect on the security video.
  3. C.Beg for help from the police.
  4. D.Post pictures of her pet dog on social media.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'Kirsteen Marshall' → 听到 'posted a tearful video... begging for the safe return of her beloved pet dog' → 推断其核心目的为找回宠物 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位目的推断

译文：题干：柯尔斯汀·马歇尔试图做什么？正确项：找回她的宠物狗。

4. What does the news report say about Kirsteen Marshall's family?
  1. A.It is suffering a great deal from the incident.
  2. B.It is helping the police with the investigation.
  3. C.It is bringing the case to the local district court.
  4. D.It is offering a big reward to anyone who helps.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'Kirsteen Marshall's family' → 听到 'The family is now offering a £5,000 reward' → 同义替换 'offering a £5,000 reward' 为 'offering a big reward' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道关于柯尔斯汀·马歇尔的家庭说了什么？正确项：它正在向任何提供帮助的人提供巨额悬赏。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

London's Eggs & Bread café offers boiled eggs, toast, jam, and bacon, as well as tea, coffee and orange juice. But at the end of the meal, customers don't have to worry about the bill. Hungry customers can pay whatever amount they can afford to eat at the café, or nothing at all. Owner Guy Wilson says his café aims to build community, rather than profits. He wants to provide a bridge for people to connect in an area that has been divided by class and wealth by providing affordable breakfasts. The café is open in the mornings every day of the year and has two members of staff or supervisors on shift every day. The café doesn't use volunteers, but pays its staff to ensure consistency in its service. It doesn't take donations and doesn't want to be seen as a charity. Mr. Wilson says, when people start to know other people around them, they realize they're not that different. And whatever their financial background, or their educational background, most people will have something in common with each other. He says it's important that his café can offer his customers security and permanence. provide a bridge for people to connect in an area that has been divided by class and wealth by providing affordable breakfasts.

5. What does Guy Wilson say his café aims to do?
  1. A.Provide free meals to the local poor.
  2. B.Help people connect with each other.
  3. C.Help eliminate class difference in his area.
  4. D.Provide customers with first-class service.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'Guy Wilson' 和 'aims to' → 听到 'Owner Guy Wilson says his café aims to build community, rather than profits' → 同义替换 'build community' 为 'help people connect' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：盖伊·威尔逊说他的咖啡馆旨在做什么？正确项：帮助人们相互联系。

6. What does the news report say about Eggs & Bread café?
  1. A.It does not supervise its employees.
  2. B.It donates regularly to a local charity.
  3. C.It does not use volunteers.
  4. D.It is open round the clock.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位原文关于员工与志愿者的描述 → 识别“doesn't use volunteers”与选项C的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

7. What happens when people start to know each other according to Guy Wilson?
  1. A.They will realise the importance of communication.
  2. B.They will come to the café even more frequently.
  3. C.They will care less about their own background.
  4. D.They will find they have something in common. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位原文“when people start to know other people around them”后的结果描述 → 识别“most people will have something in common with each other”与选项D的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: So what time do you think we should have the party on Saturday? W: How about inviting people to come at 6:00 p.m.? Then we'll have the afternoon to prepare food and drink, and stuff like that. M: Yes, I was thinking that around 6:00 would be good too. What food should we provide? W: Well, I had thought about baking a cake, and some biscuits. And now I think we should prepare some sandwiches and snacks, and some other kinds of food, so that people can just help themselves, rather than getting everyone to sit down at the table to eat a meal. I think that's a bit too formal. It's better to let people walk around and talk to each other, or sit where they like. M: Yes, that sounds good. I'll go to the supermarket to get some drinks. I think I might try that big new supermarket on the other side of town and see what they have. I've not been there before. I think we should get some beer and wine, and some fruit juice, and other soft drinks. What do you think? W: Sounds great. I think those drinks will be enough. And I heard that the new supermarket offers some big discounts to attract customers. So going there should be a great idea. What should we do about music? M: Maybe we should ask Paul to bring his computer and speakers, so that we can play some music. He has a great collection of different stuff. W: Yes. All right. people to come at 6:00 p.m.?

8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
  1. A.A surprise party for Paul's birthday.
  2. B.Travel plans for the coming weekend.
  3. C.Preparations for Saturday's get-together.
  4. D.The new market on the other side of town.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：综合对话中关于时间、食物、饮料、音乐的讨论 → 归纳核心话题为“为周六聚会做准备” → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意归纳概括

9. Why does the woman say it is a good idea to serve foods that guests can help themselves to?
  1. A.It makes the hostess's job a whole lot easier.
  2. B.It enables guests to walk around and chat freely.
  3. C.It saves considerable time and labor.
  4. D.It requires fewer tables and chairs.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士解释自助餐原因的句子 → 识别“rather than getting everyone to sit down... It's better to let people walk around and talk to each other”与选项B的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

10. What does the woman say about the new supermarket?
  1. A.It offers some big discounts.
  2. B.It is quite close to her house.
  3. C.It is more spacious and less crowded.
  4. D.It sells local wines and soft drinks.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士关于新超市的评论 → 识别“offers some big discounts”与选项A的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

11. What does the man suggest they ask Paul to do?
  1. A.Cook a dish for the party.
  2. B.Arrive 10 minutes earlier.
  3. C.Prepare a few opening remarks.
  4. D.Bring his computer and speakers.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士建议句 → 识别动作对象与内容 → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位指代与动作匹配

译文：题干：男士建议他们让保罗做什么？ 正确项：带上他的电脑和音箱。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: I'm thinking of buying a car. I wouldn't need to use it every day, but I think it would be very convenient to have one for the weekends. M: That's exciting. Would this be your first car? W: No, I actually owned a car for a little while when I lived in Miami. You see in America, many cities don't have good public transport. So, most people need their own car to get around. M: I see. So have you got your mind set on a specific model? W: No, not really. I've heard that German cars are very reliable, but I haven't decided on a specific model yet. I'd also like it to be small, so that it's easy to drive in the city. M: I have a friend who sells second-hand cars. In fact, I think his family owns the business. He's a really nice guy, and he knows a lot about cars. I could give you his phone number if you want, and you could call him and ask him questions. W: Hmm, that's nice of you, but I don't want to feel obliged to buy one of his cars. M: Oh, no, he's not like that. He's a good friend of mine, and he would never try to pressure you or cheat you. W: Well, if you trust him, then, I guess it should be OK. To be honest, I could use some help in deciding what type of vehicle would best suit my needs. Speaking to an expert would be a good idea. M: Exactly. You have nothing to worry about. He's a lovely guy, and he'll be happy to help. the weekends.

12. Why does the woman want to have a car?
  1. A.For commuting to work.
  2. B.For long-distance travel.
  3. C.For getting around in Miami.
  4. D.For convenience at weekends.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士购车动机句 → 识别转折后核心信息 → 同义替换

考点：细节定位转折信号捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：女士为什么想要一辆车？ 正确项：为了周末的便利。

13. What does the woman say about German cars?
  1. A.They are reliable.
  2. B.They are compact.
  3. C.They are spacious.
  4. D.They are easy to drive.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士评价德国车的句子 → 提取核心形容词 → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位信息提取

译文：题干：女士对德国车有什么评价？ 正确项：它们很可靠。

14. What does the man recommend the woman do?
  1. A.Buy a second-hand car.
  2. B.Trust her own judgment.
  3. C.Seek advice from his friend.
  4. D.Look around before deciding.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士推荐句 → 识别建议内容 → 同义替换

考点：细节定位建议句型识别同义替换

译文：题干：男士建议女士做什么？ 正确项：向他的朋友寻求建议。

15. What do we learn about the man's friend from the conversation?
  1. A.He sells new cars.
  2. B.He can be trusted.
  3. C.He is starting a business.
  4. D.He is a successful car dealer. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士描述朋友的句子 → 提取关键特征 → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位信息提取

译文：题干：从对话中我们了解到男士的朋友什么信息？ 正确项：他值得信赖。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Pigs are not native to North America. They were first introduced to California by Spanish and Russian explorers and settlers many centuries ago. In the early times, pigs were allowed to wander freely in search of food. This practice also allowed many pigs to escape from farms and live in the wild, which became a problem. In fact, as one of the most damaging invasive species on the continent, wild pigs cause millions of dollars in crop damage yearly. They also harbor dozens of diseases that threaten both humans and farm animals. Forest patches with wild pigs have been found to have considerably reduced plant and animal diversity. In addition to either eating other animals or their food supply, wild pigs damage native habitats by rooting up grasses and rubbing on trees. Their activities may also create opportunities for invasive plants to colonize these areas. Wild pigs will eat almost anything containing calories. Mice, deer, birds, snakes and frogs are among their victims. They can also harm other wild species through indirect competition, rather than eating them or shrinking their food supply. On one particular United States island, wild pigs themselves became an attractive food source for a species of mainland eagle. The eagles began breeding on the island, and also feeding on a species of native fox. The foxes were almost wiped out completely. became a problem.

16. What do we learn about early pigs in North America?
  1. A.Many escaped from farms and became wild.
  2. B.They were actually native to North America.
  3. C.Many got killed in the wild when searching for food.
  4. D.They were hunted by Spanish and Russian explorers.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位早期猪在北美的情况 → 听到‘allowed many pigs to escape from farms and live in the wild’ → 同义替换为‘escaped from farms and became wild’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：关于北美早期的猪，我们了解到什么？正确项：许多猪从农场逃逸并变成了野猪。

17. Why are wild pigs a threat to humans?
  1. A.They often make sudden attacks on people.
  2. B.They break up nature's food supply chain.
  3. C.They cause much environmental pollution.
  4. D.They carry a great many diseases.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位野猪对人类的威胁 → 听到‘harbor dozens of diseases that threaten both humans and farm animals’ → 同义替换为‘carry a great many diseases’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：为什么野猪对人类构成威胁？正确项：它们携带大量疾病。

18. What does the passage say about the native foxes on the US island?
  1. A.They lived peacefully with wild pigs.
  2. B.They ran out of food completely.
  3. C.They fell victim to eagles.
  4. D.They reproduced quickly.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关于岛上原生狐狸的信息 → 听到‘The eagles began...feeding on a species of native fox. The foxes were almost wiped out completely’ → 推理出狐狸成为鹰的猎物

考点：细节定位与捕捉推理判断

译文：题干：关于美国岛上的原生狐狸，文章说了什么？正确项：它们成为了鹰的牺牲品。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A pair of entrepreneurs are planning to build and launch a spacecraft that would carry and roast coffee beans in outer space. The craft will use the heat of re-entry to roast coffee beans as they float inside it in a pressurised tank. The effect would be to roast the beans all over, and produce perfect coffee. The businessmen say that on Earth, beans can easily break apart and get burned in the roaster. But if gravity is removed, the beans float around in a heated oven, receiving 360 degrees of evenly distributed heat and roast to near perfection. The spacecraft will reach a height of around 200 km. The beans would then be roasted in the heat generated by the craft's 20-minute re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. Temperatures in the pressurised tank will be kept to around 200°C. Once back on Earth, the planet's first space-roasted beans would be used to make coffee that would be sold for the first time in Dubai. This is where the pair's company is based. It is not clear how much they would charge for a cup. Surprisingly, the Space Roaster concept—should it go ahead—will not be the first attempt to take coffee into space. In 2015, two Italian companies collaborated on the construction of a similar type of spacecraft, which was the first coffee machine designed for use in space. roast coffee beans in outer space. Use a pressurised tank to brew coffee.

19. What are a pair of entrepreneurs planning to do?
  1. A.Taste coffee while in outer space.
  2. B.Roast coffee beans in outer space.
  3. C.Develop a new strain of coffee bean.
  4. D.Use a pressurised tank to brew coffee.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位企业家的计划 → 听到‘planning to build and launch a spacecraft that would carry and roast coffee beans in outer space’ → 同义替换为‘Roast coffee beans in outer space’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：一对企业家计划做什么？正确项：在太空中烘焙咖啡豆。

20. What does the passage say about coffee beans roasted on Earth?
  1. A.They can easily get burned.
  2. B.They float around in the oven.
  3. C.They have to be heated to 360°C.
  4. D.They receive evenly distributed heat.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位地球上烘焙咖啡豆的情况 → 听到‘on Earth, beans can easily break apart and get burned in the roaster’ → 同义替换为‘They can easily get burned’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：关于在地球上烘焙的咖啡豆，文章说了什么？正确项：它们很容易被烧焦。

21. What did the two Italian companies do in 2015?
  1. A.They charged a high price for their space-roasted coffee beans.
  2. B.They set up a branch in Dubai to manufacture coffee roasters.
  3. C.They collaborated on building the first space coffee machine.
  4. D.They abandoned the attempt to roast coffee beans in space.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 '2015' 和 'Italian companies' → 听到 'In 2015, two Italian companies collaborated on the construction of a similar type of spacecraft, which was the first coffee machine designed for use in space.' → 同义替换 'collaborated on the construction' 为 'collaborated on building'，'the first coffee machine designed for use in space' 为 'the first space coffee machine' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：2015年，这两家意大利公司做了什么？正确项C：他们合作制造了第一台太空咖啡机。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In cold and snowy Alaska, there's a village called Takotna. It has a population of a mere 49 souls. Each March, this tiny village swells up in numbers, because it is located in the middle of a race that takes place every year. It is a seven-day race, called the Iditarod Trail, and participants stop at Takotna for their obligatory 24-hour rest. Lucky for them, Takotna is famous for its delicious fruit pies. Weeks before the competitors arrive, the residents of Takotna start preparing for what is without question their biggest event of the year. The whole village chips in to help, including the kids, who end up developing their baking skills at an early age. The exhausted and hungry racers are greeted with delightful pies of all kinds, such as apple, orange, lemon or banana. They consume the pies as stomach warming race fuel. The toughness of the race allows for racers to eat pretty much whatever they want. The more calories, the better. Takotna has gained a reputation for its dessert-based hospitality since the 1970s. It started with one person, Jan Newton. Jan moved from Idaho with her husband in 1972 and opened a restaurant. Her rich and filling-fruit pies quickly got the racers' attention, and the village gained some fame as a result. Proud residents then started to refer to Jan as Queen of Takotna. race that takes place every year.

22. Why do a lot of people come to the village of Takotna every March?
  1. A.It is the best time for sightseeing.
  2. B.A race passes through it annually.
  3. C.They come to clean the Iditarod Trail.
  4. D.It is when the villagers choose a queen.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'Takotna' 和 'every March' → 听到 'Each March... because it is located in the middle of a race that takes place every year.' → 同义替换 'located in the middle of a race' 为 'A race passes through it'，'every year' 为 'annually' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么每年三月有很多人来到Takotna村？正确项B：因为一项年度赛事会途经此地。

23. What is the village of Takotna famous for?
  1. A.Its children's baking skills.
  2. B.Its unique winter scenery.
  3. C.Its tasty fruit pies.
  4. D.Its great food variety.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'Takotna' 和 'famous for' → 听到 'Takotna is famous for its delicious fruit pies.' → 同义替换 'delicious' 为 'tasty' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Takotna村以什么闻名？正确项C：它美味的水果派。

24. Who comes to help with the event of the year?
  1. A.The contestants.
  2. B.The entire village.
  3. C.Jan Newton and her friends.
  4. D.People from the state of Idaho.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'help' 和 'event of the year' → 听到 'The whole village chips in to help, including the kids...' → 同义替换 'The whole village' 为 'The entire village' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：谁来帮助准备这个年度盛事？正确项B：整个村庄。

25. What does the passage say about Jan Newton?
  1. A.She owned a restaurant in Idaho.
  2. B.She married her husband in 1972.
  3. C.She went to Alaska to compete in a race.
  4. D.She helped the village to become famous.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'Jan Newton' → 听到 'Her rich and filling-fruit pies quickly got the racers' attention, and the village gained some fame as a result.' → 推理：她的派让村庄获得了名声 → 同义替换 'gained some fame' 为 'become famous' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：文章关于Jan Newton说了什么？正确项D：她帮助这个村庄变得有名。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Most animals seek shade when temperatures in the Sahara Desert soar to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. But for the Saharan silver ant, [26] from their underground nests into the sun's brutal rays to [27] for food, this is the perfect time to seek lunch. In 2015 these ants were joined in the desert by scientists from two Belgian universities, who spent a month in the [28] heat tracking the ants and digging out their nests. The goal was simple, to discover how the [29] adapted to the kind of heat that can [30] melt the bottom of shoes. Back in Belgium, the scientists looked at the ants under an electronic microscope and found that their [31] , triangular hair reflects light like a prism , giving them a metallic reflection and protecting them from the sun's awful heat. When Ph.D. student Quentin Willot [32] the hair from an ant with a [33] knife and put it under a heat lamp, its temperature jumped. The ants' method of staying cool is [34] among animals. Could this reflective type of hair protect people? Willot says companies are interested in [35] these ants' method of heat protection for human use, including everything from helping to protect the lives of firefighters to keeping homes cool in summer.

A. adaptingB. consciouslyC. crawlingD. crowdedE. extremeF. huntG. literallyH. moderateI. remoteJ. removedK. speciesL. specimensM. thickN. tinyO. unique

参考答案与解析

答案：26-C　27-F　28-E　29-K　30-G　31-M　32-J　33-N　34-O　35-A

解析：26 空 定位空格前主语‘Saharan silver ant’与介词‘from’，结合后文‘into the sun's brutal rays’表示从巢穴进入阳光，需填入表示‘出现、出来’的动词，且与‘from’构成搭配 → ‘emerge from’为固定搭配，意为‘从…出现’，符合语境 → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格前‘to’表示目的，后接‘for food’，需填入表示‘寻找、搜寻’的动词 → ‘forage for food’为固定表达，意为‘觅食’，符合蚂蚁在极端高温下外出寻找食物的语境 → 得出答案
28 空 定位空格前‘in the’与后文‘heat’，需填入形容词修饰‘heat’，且与‘Sahara Desert’和‘120 degrees Fahrenheit’的极端高温语境一致 → ‘scorching’意为‘灼热的’，程度最强，符合语境 → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格前‘how the’与后文‘adapted to the kind of heat’，需填入名词指代研究对象，且与全文主题‘Saharan silver ant’一致 → ‘creatures’泛指生物，可指代蚂蚁，符合语境 → 得出答案
30 空 定位空格前‘can’与后文‘melt the bottom of shoes’，需填入副词修饰‘melt’，且与‘120华氏度’的极端高温语境一致 → ‘literally’意为‘确实地、真正地’，强调高温的真实破坏力，符合语境 → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格前主语'silver ant'与空格后'from their underground nests into the sun's brutal rays' → 分析动词搭配与语境 → 选择表示'出现、出来'的动词
32 空 定位空格前'Quentin Willot'与空格后'the hair from an ant' → 分析动词与宾语'hair'的搭配 → 选择表示'移除、取下'的动词
33 空 定位空格后'knife'与空格前'a' → 分析形容词与名词'knife'的搭配及实验操作语境 → 选择表示'锋利的'形容词
34 空 定位空格前'method of staying cool'与空格后'among animals' → 分析形容词与'method'的搭配及语境 → 选择表示'独特的、罕见的'形容词
35 空 定位空格前'companies are interested in'与空格后'these ants' method of heat protection' → 分析动名词与介词'in'的搭配及语境 → 选择表示'应用、使用'的动名词

考点：动词搭配 emerge from语境选词固定搭配 forage for形容词辨析名词辨析副词辨析动词搭配 take on近义词辨析

译文：题干：但对于撒哈拉银蚁来说，从它们的地下巢穴中______到残酷的阳光下，这是寻找午餐的完美时机。正确项：emerge（出现）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AThis month, more than 4 million students across the nation will begin high school. Many will do well. But many will not. Consider that nearly two-thirds of students will experience the "ninth-grade shock," which refers to a dramatic drop in a student's academic performance. Some students cope with this shock by avoiding challenges. For instance, they may drop difficult coursework. Others may experience a hopelessness that results in failing their core classes, such as English, science and math.
BThis should matter a great deal to parents, teachers and policymakers. Ultimately it should matter to the students themselves and society at large, because students' experience of transitioning( ) to the ninth grade can have long-term consequences not only for the students themselves but for their home communities. We make these observations as research psychologists who have studied how schools and families can help young people thrive.
CIn the new global economy, students who fail to finish the ninth grade with passing grades in college preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time and go on to get jobs. One study has calculated that the lifetime benefit to the local economy for a single additional student who completes high school is half a million dollars or more. This is based on higher earnings and avoided costs in health care, crime, welfare dependence and other things.
DThe consequences of doing poorly in the ninth grade can impact more than students' ability to find a good job. It can also impact the extent to which they enjoy life. Students lose many of the friends they turned to for support when they move from the eighth to the ninth grade. One study of ninth-grade students found that 50 percent of friendships among ninth graders changed from one month to the next, signaling striking instability in friendships.
EIn addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows one of the greatest increases in depression of any year over the lifespan. Researchers think that one explanation is that ties to friends are broken while academic demands are rising. Furthermore, most adult cases of clinical depression first emerge in adolescence . The World Health Organization reports that depression has the greatest burden of disease worldwide, in terms of the total cost of treatment and the loss of productivity.
FGiven all that's riding on having a successful ninth grade experience, it pays to explore what can be done to meet the academic, social and emotional challenges of the transition to high school. So far, our studies have yielded one main insight: Students' beliefs about change—their beliefs about whether people are stuck one way forever, or whether people can change their personalities and abilities—are related to their ability to cope, succeed academically and maintain good mental health. Past research has called these beliefs "mindsets ," with a "fixed mindset" referring to the belief that people cannot change and a "growth mindset" referring to the belief that people can change.
GIn one recent study, we examined 360 adolescents' beliefs about the nature of "smartness"—that is, their fixed mindsets about intelligence. We then assessed biological stress responses for students whose grades were dropping by examining their stress hormones . Students who believed that intelligence is fixed —that you are stuck being "not smart" if you struggle in school—showed higher levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining at the beginning of the ninth grade. If students believed that intelligence could improve—that is to say, when they held more of a growth mindset of intelligence—they showed lower levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining. This was an exciting result because it showed that the body's stress responses are not determined solely by one's grades. Instead, declining grades only predicted worse stress hormones among students who believed that worsening grades were a permanent and hopeless state of affairs.
HWe also investigated the social side of the high school transition. In this study, instead of teaching students that their smartness can change, we taught them that their social standing—that is, whether they are bullied or excluded or left out—can change over time. We then looked at high school students' stress responses to daily social difficulties. That is, we taught them a growth mindset about their social lives. In this study, students came into the laboratory and were asked to give a public speech in front of upper-year students. The topic of the speech was what makes one popular in high school. Following this, students had to complete a difficult mental math task in front of the same upper-year students.
IExperiment results showed that students who were not taught that people can change showed poor stress responses. When these students gave the speech, their blood vessels contracted and their hearts pumped less blood through the body—both responses that the body shows when it is preparing for damage or defeat after a physical threat. Then they gave worse speeches and made more mistakes in math. But when students were taught that people can change, they had better responses to stress, in part because they felt like they had the resources to deal with the demanding situation. Students who got the growth mindset intervention( ) showed less-contracted blood vessels and their hearts pumped more blood—both of which contributed to more oxygen getting to the brain, and, ultimately, better performance on the speech and mental math tasks.
JThese findings lead to several possibilities that we are investigating further. First, we are working to replicate( ) these findings in more diverse school communities. We want to know in which types of schools and for which kinds of students these growth mindset ideas help young people adapt to the challenges of high school. We also hope to learn how teachers, parents or school counselors can help students keep their ongoing academic or social difficulties in perspective. We wonder what would happen if schools helped to make beliefs about the potential for change and improvement a larger feature of the overall school culture, especially for students starting the ninth grade.
1. The number of people experiencing depression shows a sharp increase in the first year of high school. （E）
2. According to one study, students' academic performance is not the only decisive factor of their stress responses. （G）
3. Researchers would like to explore further how parents and schools can help ninth graders by changing their mindset. （J）
4. According to one study, each high school graduate contributes at least 500,000 dollars to the local economy. （C）
5. In one study, students were told their social position in school is not unchangeable. （H）
6. It is reported that depression results in enormous economic losses worldwide. （E）
7. One study showed that friendships among ninth graders were far from stable. （D）
8. More than half of students will find their academic performance declining sharply when they enter the ninth grade. （A）
9. Researchers found through experiments that students could be taught to respond to stress in a more positive way. （I）
10. It is beneficial to explore ways to cope with the challenges facing students entering high school. （F）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-E　2-G　3-J　4-C　5-H　6-E　7-D　8-A　9-I　10-F

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'depression' → 在语篇中未找到直接对应 → 根据段落主旨与细节推断最可能匹配段落
37. 定位题干关键词 'academic performance' 和 'stress responses' → 在语篇中寻找相关研究 → 推断学业表现之外的其他压力因素
38. 定位题干关键词 'parents and schools', 'help', 'mindset' → 在语篇中寻找相关研究或建议 → 推断关于改变心态的未来研究方向
39. 定位题干关键词 '500,000 dollars' 和 'local economy' → 在语篇中直接匹配数字和概念 → 确认细节对应
40. 定位题干关键词 'social position', 'not unchangeable' → 在语篇中寻找相关研究或干预 → 推断关于社会地位可变性的信息
41. 定位题干关键词 'depression' → 在语篇中未找到对应信息 → 判断该陈述为无中生有
42. 定位题干关键词 'friendships' 和 'ninth graders' → 在段落[D]中找到 '50 percent of friendships among ninth graders changed' → 同义替换为 'far from stable'
43. 定位题干关键词 'academic performance' 和 'declining sharply' → 在段落[A]中找到 'nearly two-thirds of students will experience the "ninth-grade shock," which refers to a dramatic drop in a student's academic performance' → 同义替换为 'more than half'
44. 定位题干关键词 'taught to respond to stress' → 在语篇中未找到对应信息 → 判断该陈述为无中生有
45. 定位题干关键词 'beneficial to explore ways to cope' → 在段落[B]中找到 'students' experience of transitioning to the ninth grade can have long-term consequences' 和 'We make these observations as research psychologists who have studied how schools and families can help young people thrive' → 推断出探索应对方法是有益的

考点：细节定位主旨匹配推理判断数字信息捕捉细节定位与捕捉无中生有同义替换主旨大意

译文：题干：经历抑郁的人数在高中第一年急剧增加。正确项E（假设为段落E）应描述与抑郁或心理健康相关的具体研究或数据。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer. Focusing on STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM skills are enhanced and more relevant when combined with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This combination is proving to be the best way to prepare today's children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. That is why technology companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play. In fact many experts argue that the most important 21st-century skills aren't related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity; skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem-solving, teamwork, optimism, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks. These are skills acquired when kids tinker . High-tech industries such as NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best overall problem solvers were master tinkerers in their youth. There are cognitive benefits of doing things the way we did as children—building something, tearing it down, then building it up again. Research shows that given 15 minutes of free play, four- and five- year-olds will spend a third of this time engaged in spatial, mathematical, and architectural activities. This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles in math and geometry. If play and building are critical to 21st-century skill development, that's really good news for two reasons: Children are born builders, makers, and creators, so fostering 21st-century skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try things out, even as they grow older. Secondly, it doesn't take 21st- century technology to foster 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials are handy and tinkering with them is a simple way to engage those important "maker" skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it.

46. What does the author say about educators?
  1. A.They seek advice from technology companies to achieve teaching goals.
  2. B.They have been successful in preparing the workforce for companies.
  3. C.They help students acquire the skills needed for their future success.
  4. D.They partner with technology companies to enhance teaching efficiency.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段第二句 → 提取‘Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future’ → 同义替换为‘help students acquire the skills needed for their future’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：作者对教育工作者有何评价？正确项：他们帮助学生获得未来所需的技能。

47. How can educators better develop students' STEM skills, according to the author?
  1. A.By blending them with traditional, stimulating activities.
  2. B.By inviting business leaders to help design curriculums.
  3. C.By enhancing students' ability to think in a critical way.
  4. D.By showing students the best way to learn is through play.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位第五句 → 提取‘STEM skills are enhanced and more relevant when combined with traditional, hands-on creative activities’ → 同义替换为‘blending them with traditional, stimulating activities’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：根据作者，教育工作者如何更好地发展学生的STEM技能？正确项：通过将它们与传统的、激发性的活动相结合。

48. How do children acquire the skills needed for the 21st century?
  1. A.By engaging in activities involving specific technologies.
  2. B.By playing with things to solve problems on their own.
  3. C.By familiarizing themselves with high-tech gadgets.
  4. D.By mastering basic principles through teamwork.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位第九句 → 提取‘These are skills acquired when kids tinker’ → 结合上下文‘tinker’指‘playing with things to solve problems’ → 同义替换为选项B

考点：细节定位与捕捉词义猜测

译文：题干：孩子们如何获得21世纪所需的技能？正确项：通过自己动手玩东西来解决问题。

49. What can we do to help children learn the basics of math and geometry?
  1. A.Stimulate their interest as early as possible.
  2. B.Spend more time playing games with them.
  3. C.Encourage them to make things with hands.
  4. D.Allow them to tinker freely with calculators.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位第十一句 → 提取‘This type of play—especially with building blocks—helps children discover and develop key principles in math and geometry’ → 同义替换为‘Encourage them to make things with hands’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：我们可以做什么来帮助孩子学习数学和几何的基础知识？正确项：鼓励他们动手制作东西。

50. What does the author advise disadvantaged schools and communities to do?
  1. A.Train students to be makers to meet future market demands.
  2. B.Develop students' creative skills with the resources available.
  3. C.Engage students with challenging tasks to foster their creativity.
  4. D.Work together with companies to improve their teaching facilities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位末段 → 提取‘it doesn't take 21st-century technology... Taking whatever materials are handy and tinkering with them’ → 同义替换为‘Develop students' creative skills with the resources available’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：作者建议资源不足的学校和社区做什么？正确项：利用现有资源培养学生的创造性技能。

Being an information technology, or IT, worker is not a job I envy. They are the ones who, right in the middle of a critical meeting, are expected to instantly fix the projector that's no longer working. They have to tolerate the bad tempers of colleagues frustrated at the number of times they've had to call the help desk for the same issue. They are also the ones who know there are systems that are more powerful, reliable and faster, but their employer simply will not put up the funds to buy them. According to a recent survey, employees who have a job reliant on IT support consider IT a major source of job dissatisfaction. Through no fault of their own, they can suddenly find their productivity deteriorating or quality control non-existent. And there's little they can do about it. The experience of using IT penetrates almost the entire work field. It has become a crucial part of employees' overall work experience. When IT is operating as it should, employee self-confidence swells. Their job satisfaction, too, can surge when well-functioning machines relieve them of dull tasks or repetitive processes. But if there's one thing that triggers widespread employee frustration, it's an IT transformation project gone wrong, where swollen expectations have been popped and a long list of promised efficiencies has been reversed. This occurs when business leaders implement IT initiatives with little consideration of how those changes will impact the end user. Which is why managers should appreciate just how influential the IT user experience is to their employees, and exert substantial effort in ensuring their IT team eliminates programming errors and application crashes. Adequate and timely IT support should also be available to enable users to cope with technological issues at work. More importantly, IT practitioners need to understand what employees experience mentally when they use IT. Therefore, businesses need to set up their IT infrastructure so that it is designed to fit in with their employees' work, rather than adjust their work to fit in with the company's IT limitations.

51. What does the author say about working in IT?
  1. A.It is envied by many.
  2. B.It does not appeal to him.
  3. C.It is financially rewarding.
  4. D.It does not match his abilities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首句 → 同义替换 'not a job I envy' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者对从事IT工作有何评价？正确项：它对他没有吸引力。

52. What is the finding of a recent survey on employees who have a job reliant on IT support?
  1. A.IT helps boost productivity.
  2. B.IT helps improve quality control.
  3. C.Many employees are deeply frustrated by IT.
  4. D.Most employees rely heavily on IT in their work.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 'According to a recent survey' → 提取核心发现 'consider IT a major source of job dissatisfaction' → 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：最近一项针对依赖IT支持工作的员工的调查发现了什么？正确项：许多员工对IT深感沮丧。

53. What is said to happen when IT is functioning properly?
  1. A.There is a big boost in employees' work efficiency.
  2. B.Employees become more dependent on machines.
  3. C.There are no longer any boring or repetitive tasks.
  4. D.Employees become more confident in their work.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位 'When IT is operating as it should' → 提取并列结果 'employee self-confidence swells' → 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当IT正常运行时会发生什么？正确项：员工对自己的工作更有信心。

54. What should business leaders do before implementing new IT initiatives?
  1. A.Consider the various expectations of their customers.
  2. B.Draw up a list of the efficiencies to be promised.
  3. C.Assess the swollen cost of training the employees.
  4. D.Think about the possible effects on their employees.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位问题原因 'with little consideration of how those changes will impact the end user' → 反向推断应采取的行动 → 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：推理判断反向推断

译文：题干：企业领导者在实施新的IT计划前应该做什么？正确项：考虑对员工可能产生的影响。

55. How can a business help improve its employees' experience in using IT?
  1. A.By designing systems that suit their needs.
  2. B.By ensuring that their mental health is sound.
  3. C.By adjusting their work to suit the IT system.
  4. D.By offering them regular in-service training.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位结论句 'set up their IT infrastructure so that it is designed to fit in with their employees' work' → 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：企业如何帮助改善员工使用IT的体验？正确项：通过设计适合他们需求的系统。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled“Are people becoming addicted to technology?”.The statement given below is for your reference. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Numerous studies claim that addiction to technology is real and it has the same effect on the brain as drug addiction.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Are people becoming addicted to technology? My answer is a definite yes. As numerous studies claim that addiction to technology is real, this problem deserves our serious attention. Signs of such addiction are everywhere in daily life. Many people check their smartphones the moment they wake up and keep scrolling short videos until midnight. While technology is designed to make life easier, an increasing number of us feel anxious once we are separated from our screens. As a result, real conversations, sleep and study are all disturbed, which shows that our reliance has quietly turned into dependence. In my view, therefore, people are indeed getting hooked on technology. However, this does not mean we should abandon it. What matters is to use technology in a rational way, setting limits on screen time and leaving room for the real world.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

铁观音(Tieguanyin)是中国最受欢迎的茶之一,原产于福建省安溪县西坪镇,如今安溪全县普遍种植,但该县不同地区生产的铁观音又各具风味。铁观音一年四季均可采摘,尤以春秋两季采摘的茶叶品质最佳。铁观音的加工非常复杂,需要专门的技术和丰富的经验。铁观音含有多种维生素,喝起来口感独特。常饮铁观音有助于预防心脏病、降低血压、增强记忆力。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Tieguanyin, originating in Xiping Town, Anxi County, Fujian Province, is one of the most popular teas in China, and is now widely cultivated throughout Anxi County, while that produced in different parts of the county has its own distinctive flavor. It can be picked all year round, with those picked in spring and autumn being of the highest quality. The processing of Tieguanyin is highly complex, requiring specialized techniques and extensive experience. It contains various vitamins and has a unique taste. Drinking it regularly helps prevent heart disease, lower blood pressure, and improve memory.

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