2022年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析
2022年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）
- 年份考次
- 2022 年 · 12月·第2套
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 听力
- 含听力
- 题量
- 37 题
- 满分
- 695.8 分
- 限时
- 125 分钟
- 题型结构
- 听力 23 题 234.3 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
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第 1 部分 · 听力23 题 · 234 分
听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
The World Pipe Band Championships will take place in Glasgow on Saturday. Over 120 of the world's best pipe bands will compete at the championships. Over 4,000 pipers and drummers are expected to descend on the city for the annual event. It will take place at the St. James Playing Fields in Glasgow on Saturday, 18 May from 10:00 am until 7:00 pm. The event is free. Also, a free shuttle bus will run between the event car parks and the competition site. Shuttle buses will run every 15 minutes from 8:00 am until 8:00 pm. Glasgow City Council says it is estimated to bring £300,000 to the local economy. The first World Pipe Band Championships were held in Edinburgh in 1947. The event first took place in Glasgow in 1948. It has been held regularly in Glasgow since 1986. Glasgow on Saturday.
- A.A free car show.
- B.A yearly concert.
- C.A sports competition.
- D.A pipe band contest.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'event' → 听到 'The World Pipe Band Championships' → 识别 'pipe band' 与 'contest' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：格拉斯哥将举办什么活动？正确项：一场风笛乐队比赛。
- A.Improve the image of Glasgow city.
- B.Enrich the local culture of Glasgow.
- C.Contribute a lot to the local economy.
- D.Entertain people in local communities.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'Glasgow City Council say' → 听到 'Glasgow City Council says it is estimated to bring £300,000 to the local economy' → 识别 'bring £300,000' 与 'contribute a lot' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：格拉斯哥市议会说该活动将做什么？正确项：为当地经济做出很大贡献。
听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Summer doesn't begin for two more days, but scientists are already sounding the alarm about dangerous ice melts going on right now in Greenland. The vast island usually locks away enough fresh water in its ice sheet, which if melted can raise global sea levels by six meters. And research shows that in recent years its ice has melted faster than ever before. This month, as temperatures in northwestern Greenland approach all-time highs, researchers are encountering unusual, surprising levels of melting ice in the region. The most significant concern here is how early this is all happening. Greenland experiences annual ice melt and growth cycles. But this year, the melting season began in early May. That's a month earlier than normal and something that's happened only once before in the historical record in 2016. That means that not only is the ice melting very fast, it has more time to melt this summer than it would in a normal climate system. Longer melt seasons like this one seem to lead to much greater contributions to sea-level rise than in previous decades. dangerous ice melts going on right now in Greenland.
- A.Surprising rise in global sea levels.
- B.Dangerous ice melts in Greenland.
- C.Changing weather patterns in summer.
- D.Record growth of Greenland's ice sheets.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'scientists' warning' → 听到 'scientists are already sounding the alarm about dangerous ice melts' → 识别 'sounding the alarm' 与 'warning' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：新闻报道中科学家的警告是什么？正确项：格陵兰岛危险的冰层融化。
- A.It began in late May.
- B.It lasted three months.
- C.It started a month earlier than usual.
- D.It ended a month earlier than before.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'this year's ice melting' → 听到 'the melting season began in early May. That's a month earlier than normal' → 识别 'a month earlier than normal' 与 'a month earlier than usual' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：关于今年的冰层融化我们了解到什么？正确项：它比往常早一个月开始。
听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Bundles containing thousands of pounds in cash keep turning up on the streets of Blackhall Colliery in northern England, according to police. Residents of the village have been coming across bundles of £20 notes—usually worth £2,000—in the former mining village in County Durham. The latest discovery was on Monday, meaning four of these cash bundles have been handed in this year and 13 since 2014. The bundles are usually left in plain sight and have been scattered across the small coastal village. The owner has two weeks to collect the cash, which is then returned to the finder if not claimed, according to Peterlee Police. A Durham Police spokesperson said the money has been returned to the lucky finders in all cases except yesterday. Policeman John Forster said in a statement: "The circumstances remain a mystery so we would welcome any information that will help us get to the bottom of these random incidents." He told The Northern Echo: "It isn't an affluent part of the world, so for them to find cash of that amount and instantly think about taking it to the police stations shows the community spirit there is." Colliery in northern England, according to police.
- A.Bundles of £20 notes kept turning up.
- B.A villager was searching for his lost cash.
- C.Local policemen came across bundles of £20 notes.
- D.A bundle containing thousands of pounds got stolen.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'Blackhall Colliery' → 听到 'Bundles containing thousands of pounds in cash keep turning up on the streets' → 识别 'keep turning up' 与 'kept turning up' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：布莱克霍尔科利里镇的街道上发生了什么？正确项：成捆的20英镑钞票不断出现。
- A.They give it to charity.
- B.They return it to the finder.
- C.They hand it over to the local government.
- D.They place a notice in The Northern Echo.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'not claimed in two weeks' → 听到 'returned to the finder if not claimed' → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：如果两周内无人认领，当地警察如何处理这笔钱？正确项：他们将其归还给发现者。
- A.They cooperated well with the police.
- B.They enjoyed a fairly affluent life.
- C.They were puzzled by the mystery.
- D.They had a strong community spirit. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位人物 'John Forster' 的发言 → 听到 'shows the community spirit there is' → 推断其对村民的评价
考点：推理判断观点态度
译文：题干：警察约翰·福斯特对村民有何评价？正确项：他们有很强的社区精神。
听力原文 · Questions 9 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: It's your birthday next week. What have you got planned? M: I'm not sure. I often feel strange on my birthday. It's like my brain decides to have a crisis. W: It's not entirely unusual to feel anxious or sad around your birthday. Birthdays can tap into a lot of things people worry about, including their achievements in life in the past decade, or their accomplishments of the past year. Many begin to search for the meaning of their existence, leading to behaviors such as ending or starting a relationship, or plans, like starting a vigorous diet or fitness program. M: I have wonderful friends and I love celebrating their birthdays. But I don't like being the center of attention, receiving gifts and having a fuss made. It seems to trigger a type of social anxiety. I think social media too can intensify things as birthdays now play out more publicly. Birthday reminders can be helpful, but I kind of worry I won't be able to drum up my own day and show it to look as exciting as it is supposed to be. W: Well, to deal with the birthday blues, you should not isolate yourself. It's best to gradually face your birthday with people you trust. That would help you learn self-acceptance, or that it's okay to be the focus. M: Perhaps. Or I could perceive my birthday as an opportunity to do something for others like asking people to make a donation instead of buying a gift. W: Exactly. Or even simply see your birthday as an opportunity to bring people together for them to have fun. or starting a relationship, or plans, like starting a vigorous diet or fitness program.
- A.Search for the meaning of their life. C) Call on their relatives and friends.
- B.Look back on their years at school. D) Talk about future plans with friends.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位女士描述 'many people' 行为的句子 → 听到 'Many begin to search for the meaning of their existence' → 同义替换 'existence' 为 'life'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：女士说许多人在生日时倾向于做什么？正确项：寻找他们生命的意义。
- A.He prefers to have them shown on social media. C) He enjoys celebrating others' birthdays rather than
- B.He loves them but does not want to make a fuss. his own.
- C.He looks forward to receiving presents from his close friends.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位男士关于生日庆祝的陈述 → 听到 'I love celebrating their birthdays. But I don't like being the center of attention, receiving gifts and having a fuss made' → 综合得出答案
考点：细节定位转折理解
译文：题干：男士对生日庆祝有何看法？正确项：他喜欢庆祝，但不想小题大做。
- A.Hold it on a modest scale to remove birthday C) Extend invitation to those he trusts most. anxieties. D) Make it an occasion to collect donations.
- B.View it as a chance for people to socialize and have fun.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位对话结尾女士建议 → 提取‘see your birthday as an opportunity to bring people together for them to have fun’ → 同义替换为‘chance for people to socialize and have fun’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：对话结束时，女士建议男士如何处理他的生日庆祝？正确项：将其视为人们社交和玩乐的机会。
听力原文 · Questions 12 to 14（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: The metro was absolutely terrible this morning. M: Oh, was there a delay? W: No, but the train was so packed that I could barely move, and it was difficult to breathe too. At every station, more people squeezed in and I got pushed further and further inside. When I got to my station, I could hardly get out. Once I did get out, I was totally exhausted. M: That sounds like a nightmare. Why didn't you take the bus? W: The bus takes twice as long and it's just as crowded. M: Well, what's the alternative? Haven't you got a car? W: I've got a driver's license, but that's all. I'm saving up to buy something reasonably small and cute, but it's still a bit expensive for me, and it'll take a while before I have enough money. M: Have you thought about getting an electric motorbike? W: I consider that for maybe a minute. But honestly, I've just seen too many horrible accidents involving those dangerous monsters. M: What about those popular shared bikes? You could register to use one. W: Yeah, that's a possibility. There are always several of those bikes out in front of our apartment complex. M: Or you could just walk to work. W: Well, it's five kilometers from home to the office. But you've given me a thought. I could take a change of clothes and jog to work. But at this time of year, the air pollution is a real problem. M: Oh, yeah. I didn't think of that. You take a taxi if you really have to. W: Well, that's an expensive way to get to work. M: Not if you use a ride sharing app. W: Good idea. I'll download one immediately. Thank you.
- A.It was absolutely exhausting. C) There was too long a delay.
- B.There was a terrible smell. D) She got off at the wrong station.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位女士对地铁经历的描述 → 提取‘the train was so packed that I could barely move... I was totally exhausted’ → 同义替换为‘absolutely exhausting’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：女士说她的地铁行程怎么样？正确项：它绝对令人筋疲力尽。
- A.She hasn't saved enough money. C) She hasn't passed the driving test yet.
- B.She is worried about traffic jams. D) She is used to taking public transport.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位女士解释为何没有车 → 提取‘I'm saving up to buy... it's still a bit expensive for me, and it'll take a while before I have enough money’ → 同义替换为‘hasn't saved enough money’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：女士为什么没有自己的车？正确项：她还没有存够钱。
- A.They are popular. C) They are a bit expensive for her.
- B.They are dangerous. D) They are environmentally friendly.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位女士对电动摩托车的评价 → 提取‘I've just seen too many horrible accidents involving those dangerous monsters’ → 同义替换为‘dangerous’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：女士对电动摩托车有什么看法？正确项：它们很危险。
听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Steve Miller began his career in IT back in the late 1980s. Being a deaf person in tech required a huge amount of effort in organization. Because there was no email or text message service, everything had to be done face to face, or by telephone. Communicating in meetings was very difficult. He needed a sign language interpreter for every meeting, but it was a huge effort to coordinate. These days, although challenges still remain, it's a good time to be a deaf person in tech, says Miller. Big advances in speech recognition technology have enabled communication tools to turn live speech into text in real time on your smartphone or laptop, and sign language into text as well. New Tech coupled with improvements in hearing aid technology and medical advances means that Miller is able to focus far more on his work. He has benefited to a great extent from a tiny hearing device in his ear. It gives him a degree of hearing, and he can use a variety of communication methods depending on the situation. He can employ lip-reading and have meetings via video instead of on the phone. These things have made a huge difference. He no longer has to worry about whether or not he can understand. He can just concentrate on how interesting the meeting might be and what he needs to get out of it in order to progress. required a huge amount of effort in organization.
- A.He is a sign language interpreter.
- B.He is a deaf person working in IT.
- C.He doesn't like speaking at meetings.
- D.He doesn't use email or text messages.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位首段关键信息 → 识别‘deaf person in tech’与‘working in IT’的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：关于史蒂夫·米勒我们了解到什么？正确项：他是一位在IT行业工作的聋人。
- A.Improved communication skills.
- B.Speech recognition technology.
- C.Big advances in sign language.
- D.Transformation in the IT industry.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位‘making things better’对应原文‘a good time’ → 识别其后‘Big advances in speech recognition technology’为直接原因 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位因果关系
译文：题干：米勒说是什么让像他这样的人处境变得更好？正确项：语音识别技术。
- A.He can avoid being mistaken.
- B.He can take notes on the spot.
- C.He can understand with ease.
- D.He can see the speakers' images.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘attending meetings via video’ → 关联后文‘He no longer has to worry... He can just concentrate...’ → 推断出‘理解变得轻松’ → 得出答案
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：米勒通过视频参加会议能以何种方式受益？正确项：他可以轻松理解。
听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Colour is now spreading through our homes, up staircases, across wood frames and ceilings, filling in neutral spaces. According to one interior designer, when people return home, they want to see colours that cheer them up and give them a hug. Pure white walls simply don't do that. They don't look after you. Another interior designer commented that certain combinations can key into something on a deeper level, transporting you to a different moment in time. That's the power of colour. If you are thinking to try colour on some of your neutral walls, the advice is refreshingly simple: Choose a colour you actually like. Don't go for a colour because it's in fashion, or you've seen it in a magazine. If you're weary of full colour, test your tolerance with smaller spaces, such as the inside of a cupboard or a bright window frame. If it gives you joy every time you open the cupboard, you can start to take it further. One can also paint the wooden frameworks the same colour as the walls, helping the rooms look bigger. In the kitchen, painting the overhead cupboards and the walls in the same colour can make it feel more spacious. While painting the kitchen counters, a bold colour can make everything feel more open and lighter. Additionally, a painted ceiling is a magical thing without being too obvious and can affect how the space feels as well.
- A.To find pure white walls shining.
- B.To enter a house well looked after.
- C.To get a hug from family members.
- D.To see cheerful colours all around.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘want to’后内容 → 识别‘see colours that cheer them up’ → 同义替换为‘see cheerful colours all around’ → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据文章，人们回家后想要什么？正确项：看到到处都是令人愉悦的色彩。
- A.Choosing a colour because it is fashionable.
- B.Painting the interior of their cupboards.
- C.Doing the painting job all by themselves.
- D.Designing all window frames the same way.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位‘avoid doing’对应原文‘Don’t go for...’ → 识别其后‘because it’s in fashion’为应避免的原因 → 同义替换为‘because it is fashionable’ → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章说人们在家装中应避免做什么？正确项：因为流行而选择一种颜色。
- A.Fit most of the cupboards into walls.
- B.Hang landscape paintings all around.
- C.Match the room's ceiling with all the furniture in colour.
- D.Paint the wooden frameworks and walls the same colour.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位关键词 'look bigger' → 听到 'paint the wooden frameworks the same colour as the walls' → 匹配选项 D
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：一个人可以做什么让房间看起来更大？正确项：将木质框架和墙壁漆成相同的颜色。
听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Parents often hear that reading to their children is critical for supporting development, and the message is getting through to them. In fact, in the United States, a little over half of children between the ages of three and five were read to every day in 2007, and 83% of children in that age group in the same country were read to three or more times per week in 2012. This is good news, because reading to young children helps their language and brain development. In fact, recent research has found that both the quality and quantity of shared book reading in infancy predicted later childhood vocabulary and reading skills. In other words, the more time parents spend reading, the greater the developmental benefits in their four-year-old children. This is an important finding. But does it matter what books parents read? A new study has investigated this question. It followed infants across the second six months of life and found that when parents showed babies books that had faces or objects with specific labels, they learned more. This is in contrast to books that did not name images, or books that had the same label under each image. Books that named different characters also promoted greater learning. So what does this mean for parents? Not all books are created equal, so parents need to choose the books they share with their children with great care. message is getting through to them.
- A.Children must read at least 3 times a week.
- B.Reading is a habit every child can develop.
- C.Reading to their children is important.
- D.Children should start reading at age 3.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干 'parents increasingly understand' → 听到 'the message is getting through to them' → 同义替换 'getting through' = 'understand' → 对应 'reading to their children is critical' → 匹配选项 C
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章说父母越来越理解什么？正确项：给孩子读书很重要。
- A.The number of books they have read by age four.
- B.The speed of their brain development in infancy.
- C.The number and quality of books parents read to them in infancy.
- D.The quality and quantity of time parents spend playing with them.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干 'predict children's reading skills' → 听到 'the quality and quantity of shared book reading in infancy predicted later childhood vocabulary and reading skills' → 匹配选项 C
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据最近的研究，什么可以预测孩子的阅读能力？正确项：父母在婴儿期给他们读书的数量和质量。
- A.Books with specifically labeled images.
- B.Books with pictures of dolls and toys.
- C.Books describing the lives of animals.
- D.Books telling very interesting stories.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干 'help babies learn more' → 听到 'when parents showed babies books that had faces or objects with specific labels, they learned more' → 匹配选项 A
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：什么样的书被认为能帮助婴儿学得更多？正确项：带有具体标签图片的书。
- A.Read as many books as possible to their children.
- B.Choose carefully what to read to their children.
- C.Share experience with other parents.
- D.Create picture books for their children.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干 'at the end of the passage' → 听到结尾 'parents need to choose the books they share with their children with great care' → 匹配选项 B
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章最后建议父母做什么？正确项：仔细选择给孩子读什么。
第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分
A. additionalB. associatedC. composingD. cultivateE. depressiveF. directlyG. emotionsH. howeverI. implicationsJ. interferedK. involvingL. noteM. preciselyN. superficialO. therefore
参考答案与解析
答案：26-K 27-B 28-L 29-A 30-D 31-E 32-H 33-G 34-F 35-I
解析：26 空 定位空格后宾语 'more than 18,000 participants' → 判断空格处需表示'包含'或'涉及'的动词 → 结合介词 'with' 构成固定搭配 'involved with' → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格前主语 'parenthood' 和后介词 'with' → 识别固定搭配 'be associated with' → 结合语境'与更积极的幸福感结果相关' → 得出答案
28 空 定位空格后宾语从句 'that dads were more likely...' → 判断空格处需表示'发现'或'指出'的动词 → 结合主语 'the authors' 和学术语境 → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格前 'take "playing" as an' 和后 'activity' → 判断空格处需表示'主要的'或'核心的'形容词 → 结合语境'玩耍是照顾孩子时的核心活动' → 得出答案
30 空 定位空格前 'experience positive feelings and' 和后 'closeness' → 判断空格处需表示'建立'或'增进'的动词 → 结合语境'体验积极情感并增进亲密感' → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格前后的动词搭配与语境 → 分析‘take...as an...activity’结构 → 选择符合‘照顾孩子时将玩耍视为一种活动’语境的动词
32 空 定位空格前后的转折逻辑与对比结构 → 分析‘For mums, ___, compared to...’的对比关系 → 选择表示转折或对比的副词
33 空 定位空格前的‘fewer’与‘positive’修饰关系 → 分析‘fewer positive ___’的语义搭配 → 选择与‘positive’搭配且能被‘fewer’修饰的名词
34 空 定位空格前的动词‘engaging’与介词‘in’ → 分析‘engaging ___ in childcare’的固定搭配 → 选择能与‘engaging in’构成合理搭配的副词
35 空 定位空格前的形容词‘important’与介词‘for’ → 分析‘have important ___ for their wellbeing’的语义搭配 → 选择能表示‘影响’或‘意义’的名词
考点：involved with动词搭配associated with固定搭配found语境选词primary近义词辨析build动词搭配 take...as固定搭配 engage in
译文：这项研究考察了三项涉及超过18,000名参与者的研究。
第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-C 2-H 3-E 4-B 5-I 6-C 7-A 8-G 9-D 10-F
解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'polite and helpful' → 在段落C中找到同义表达 'don't want to be seen as rude or unhelpful' → 确认段落C为答案
37. 定位题干核心 'no easy job learning to say "no"' → 在段落C中找到对应描述 'Saying "no" to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult' → 推断出学习拒绝曾被认为值得把握的机会是困难的
38. 定位题干核心 'saving your future time' → 在段落B中找到对应逻辑 'a simple "no" will be more productive' → 推断出拒绝请求能节省未来时间
39. 定位题干关键词 'struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time' → 在段落B中找到同义表达 'people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time' → 确认段落B为答案
40. 定位题干核心 'Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort' → 在段落B中找到对应逻辑 'a simple "no" will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with' → 推断出高效地做不值得做的事是最无用的努力
41. 定位题干关键词 'superiors' → 在段落C中找到对应信息 'Saying 'no' to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult' → 同义替换 'especially difficult' 与 'particularly difficult' → 得出答案
42. 定位题干核心 'agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do' → 在段落A中找到对应信息 'we say 'yes' to too many things we don't actually want to do' → 同义替换 'agree to' 与 'say 'yes''，'unwilling' 与 'don't actually want' → 得出答案
43. 定位题干关键词 'famous entrepreneur' 和 'innovation means refusal' → 在提供的语篇片段中未找到直接对应信息 → 需结合全文（未完全提供）或判断该信息点在未给出的段落中 → 根据题目设置，正确项G应包含此信息
44. 定位题干核心 'essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people' → 在提供的语篇片段中，段落D开头为 'Collaborating with others is an important element of …' → 同义替换 'essential aspect' 与 'important element'，'cooperate' 与 'collaborating' → 得出答案
45. 定位题干核心 'Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people' → 在提供的语篇片段中未找到直接对应信息 → 需结合全文（未完全提供）或判断该信息点在未给出的段落中 → 根据题目设置，正确项F应包含此信息
考点：同义替换细节定位推理判断细节支撑逻辑推导信息匹配
译文：题干：人们常常仅仅因为想表现得礼貌和乐于助人而接受请求。正确项C：我们说“是”并非因为想做，而是因为不想被视为粗鲁或不乐于助人。
第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分
We're eating more fish than ever these days. At around 20 kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the 1960s. What's really remarkable, though, is where that fish comes from. For the first time in human history, most of our aquatic food now comes from farming rather than fishing. People ate around 73 million tonnes of farmed fish—just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed—in 2014. That's out of a total fish supply of 167 million tonnes; the remaining 20 million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products. To keep eating fish at the current rate, we're definitely going to need to keep aquaculture developing. That's because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the 1990s. Back in 1974, only 10% of marine fish stocks had been overfished. Now, more than three-tenths are. Only a tenth of our oceans' fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels. But while catchings at sea have suffered, fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate. A lot of that is coming from China, which produces 60% of the world's farmed fish. In fact, some 35 countries, including China, now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish. This shift toward aquaculture isn't just good for ensuring salmon on your plate; it's also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability. By 2050, the world will need to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people. They'll have to get their protein somewhere. However, raising cattle, pigs, and other land-based animals requires vast sums of grain and water. For example, pound for pound, beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp, a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia. That grain—and the water needed to grow it—could be consumed by people instead. However, aquaculture is no silver bullet. In some southeast Asian countries, shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems. Despite these problems, however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular sea foods worldwide.
- A.They reproduce quickly.
- B.They are mostly farmed.
- C.They have become as important as grain.
- D.They have a longer history than humans.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'remarkable' → 定位至语篇第二句 → 识别同义替换 'most of our aquatic food now comes from farming' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：作者说我们吃的鱼有什么显著特点？正确项：它们大多是养殖的。
- A.Increase the fishing volume considerably.
- B.Develop more advanced fishing technology.
- C.Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.
- D.Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'keep consuming fish at the current rate' → 定位至语篇第四句 → 识别同义替换 'keep aquaculture developing' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：如果我们保持当前的鱼类消费水平，我们需要做什么？正确项：持续扩大鱼类养殖规模。
- A.It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.
- B.It boasts of the world's largest fishing stocks.
- C.It raises more fish than caught from the wild.
- D.It supplies 60% of the world's fish products.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'China' → 定位至语篇中关于中国的描述 → 识别同义替换 'produce more farmed than wild-caught fish' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：作者就中国在水产品方面说了什么？正确项：它养殖的鱼比捕捞的多。
- A.It is a must for feeding the world's fast-growing population.
- B.It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals
- C.It is essential to maintaining both mental and physical health.
- D.It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'aquaculture is so important' → 定位至语篇后半部分关于水产养殖重要性的论述 → 推理其与全球人口增长和粮食安全的关系 → 得出答案
考点：推理判断因果逻辑
译文：题干：作者为什么说水产养殖如今如此重要？正确项：它是养活世界快速增长人口的必需品。
- A.Shrimp-farming is a risky business.
- B.Fish-farming will not be sustainable.
- C.Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.
- D.Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'no silver bullet' → 识别为习语，结合下文'However'转折及虾类养殖破坏生态系统的例子 → 推断其意为'并非完美解决方案' → 得出答案
考点：推理判断词义猜测转折信号词捕捉
译文：题干：作者说'水产养殖并非万灵药'是什么意思？正确项：鱼类养殖也可能导致严重问题。
In 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme (WFP). Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries. It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else's problem. The WFP has been around since 1961 and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid. Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s. Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive. When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital. The scientific community, however, can provide a helping hand to the WFP. By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. By making its voice heard, science can lead by example. The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries, which may have food problems of their own, or world economic institutions. This ability will be built upon self- confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.
- A.More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.
- B.All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.
- C.It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.
- D.It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位关键句 'Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else's problem.' → 同义替换 'moral hazard' 为 'morally wrong'，'somebody else's problem' 为 'not our business' → 得出答案
考点：观点态度细节定位与同义替换
译文：题干：WFP获得诺贝尔和平奖让我们意识到了什么？正确项D：认为帮助穷人不是我们的事在道德上是错误的。
- A.It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.
- B.It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.
- C.It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.
- D.It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位关键句 'Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger... Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped...' → 推理得出努力虽有进展但已停滞，目标远未实现 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位转折关系推理
译文：题干：关于WFP消除饥饿的努力，我们了解到什么？正确项B：尽管取得了进展，但它离目标仍然很远。
- A.The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.
- B.More people will be willing to join in the effort.
- C.More food will be made available to the needy.
- D.The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位关键句 'When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached... it often widens the gap between rich and poor...' → 同义替换 'widens the gap' 为 'rich richer and poor poorer' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位因果关系推理
译文：题干：当粮食援助附带条件时会发生什么？正确项A：富人会变得更富，穷人会变得更穷。
- A.By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.
- B.By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.
- C.By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.
- D.By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位关键句 'By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems.' → 直接匹配选项B的 'sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：科学家如何帮助应对贫困和饥饿？正确项B：通过与贫困国家的同行分享专业知识。
- A.Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.
- B.Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.
- C.Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.
- D.World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位结尾段落核心句 'This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.' → 推理得出作者强调贫困国家应依靠自身能力和知识解决问题 → 得出答案
考点：主旨大意结尾段落推理
译文：题干：作者在文章结尾试图传达什么信息？正确项C：贫困国家应增强自身解决问题的能力。
第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
A healthy lifestyle plays a vital role in the life of every college student. As campus life grows busier with assignments and screens, I firmly believe that keeping fit, eating well and sleeping regularly is not a trivial habit but the very foundation of a successful university experience. For one thing, a sound body directly boosts learning efficiency. A student who stays up all night rushing a due date and lives on takeout will struggle to concentrate the next morning, while regular exercise and balanced meals keep the mind sharp in class. For another, a healthy routine stabilizes our emotions. Sitting still for hours breeds anxiety, whereas a short run often washes away the pressure of exams and eases loneliness far from home. In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle is not optional but essential for college students. The sooner we build it, the more energy and confidence we will carry into our studies and future lives.
第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
Lichun (Start of Spring) marks the beginning of spring in the Chinese lunar calendar. After Lichun, the days grow longer and the weather becomes warmer; everything comes back to life, and the earth is full of vitality. As people often say, "The whole year's work depends on a good start in spring." At this time of year, farmers start sowing to lay the foundation for a good harvest throughout the whole year. In fact, the Chinese have started to hold celebrations on this day as early as 3,000 years ago. For centuries, welcoming spring has been an important folk custom. Today, on warm spring days when flowers are in full bloom, people often go out for outings to enjoy the beautiful scenery of spring.
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