2022年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2022年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2022 年 · 12月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Operations at one of Australia's largest gold mines had to be temporarily suspended on Friday after a partial wall collapse at one of the mine's dams. The wall collapse at the Cadia mine came just a few days after two earthquakes hit the area. The damage to the dam wall was noticed in the late afternoon on Friday when workers found a section of the northern dam wall had collapsed into the southern dam. The dams contain waste products of mining and can contain materials which are harmful to the environment and human health. The dams are generally constructed using earth-fill and are gradually raised over time. The company was unable to confirm whether the recent earthquakes had contributed to the dam's wall collapse, but said it was conducting a thorough investigation. A company spokesperson said the operations at the site had been halted while the investigation is ongoing and that the break had posed no safety threat to workers. after a partial wall collapse at one of the mine's dams.

1. What happened at one of Australia's largest gold mines?
  1. A.Part of its dam wall collapsed.
  2. B.It released a lot of harmful gases.
  3. C.It was destroyed by an earthquake.
  4. D.Some miners were trapped underground.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'gold mines' → 听到 'partial wall collapse at one of the mine's dams' → 同义替换为 'Part of its dam wall collapsed' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：澳大利亚最大的金矿之一发生了什么？正确项：它的一部分坝墙倒塌了。

2. What did the spokesperson say about the incident?
  1. A.It posed a safety threat to the miners.
  2. B.It caused damage too heavy to assess.
  3. C.It brought the mine's operations to a halt.
  4. D.It was followed by two more earthquakes.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'spokesperson' → 听到 'operations...halted' → 同义替换为 'brought the mine's operations to a halt' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：发言人就该事件说了什么？正确项：它使矿山的运营暂停了。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Two boys and four girls were born on Monday to the surprise of a young couple and doctors who had expected five babies. This was the first record of six babies being born at the same time in that region. The doctors prepared from early in the morning to help deliver five tiny citizens. They were in the operating room with five teams of doctors, one for each baby. The first five babies were delivered successfully, and all baby beds were occupied. And then all of a sudden, it turned out there was another waiting to come out. The doctor said the babies were in healthy condition, but could not go home immediately. They needed to stay in the hospital for two to three months for medical supervision. The mother who is in stable condition could return home a day later if all physical tests came back normal. The babies' mother commented that they had already prepared room for five babies at home, so they will have to rearrange things for their happy surprise. The new parents have yet to name the sixth baby but are considering either Lily or Rose. Rose in the operating room with five teams of doctors, one for each baby.

3. What did the hospital do for the delivery of the babies?
  1. A.It prepared beds for all the six new citizens.
  2. B.It assigned a team of doctors for each expected baby.
  3. C.It made ample preparations for various possibilities.
  4. D.It brought in the most advanced instruments.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'hospital' 和 'delivery' → 听到 'five teams of doctors, one for each baby' → 同义替换为 'assigned a team of doctors for each expected baby' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：医院为婴儿的分娩做了什么？正确项：它为每个预期的婴儿分配了一组医生。

4. What did the doctor say about the newborns?
  1. A.They had to undergo 2-3 physical checkups.
  2. B.They were all of normal size except the sixth.
  3. C.They could go home together with their mother a day later.
  4. D.They needed to stay in the hospital for a couple of months.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'doctor' 和 'newborns' → 听到 'They needed to stay in the hospital for two to three months' → 同义替换为 'stay in the hospital for a couple of months' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：医生对新生儿说了什么？正确项：他们需要在医院待上几个月。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A Spanish island called Palmador has been bought by a family from Europe for 18 million euros. The island is often described as heaven on earth by holidaymakers. For decades tourists have been flocking to Palmador, which is located off the southeast coast of Spain. They come to enjoy its unspoiled beaches and crystal clear waters. Its natural beauty is protected as it lies inside a natural park. Although Palmador is one of the most famous private islands in the world, its seafront is public land and is a favorite destination for famous people. When the island was put up for sale, it was offered to the local government but proved too expensive for the local authorities. It is unclear whether the new owners have the power to ban tourists from the island. But with their newfound luxury comes the responsibility for its protection and maintenance. The island is less than two miles long and half a mile wide. It is said to have a remarkable location that few other private islands of this size can match, according to estate agents. Palmador is the perfect place to retreat to, somewhere to get away from the city noise and relax in beautiful surroundings with zero stress. euros.

5. What do we learn from the news report about the Spanish island Palmador?
  1. A.It is owned by the local government.
  2. B.It has been turned into a public park.
  3. C.It has been bought by an American.
  4. D.It is a perfect tourist destination.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'Palmador' → 听到 'heaven on earth by holidaymakers' 和 'perfect place to retreat to' → 推断其为完美的旅游目的地 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：从新闻报道中我们了解到西班牙岛屿Palmador的什么信息？正确项：它是一个完美的旅游目的地。

6. What do holidaymakers come to Palmador to enjoy?
  1. A.Its seafood.
  2. B.Its unusual coastline.
  3. C.Its unspoiled beaches.
  4. D.Its architecture.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'come to enjoy' → 听到 'They come to enjoy its unspoiled beaches and crystal clear waters' → 匹配选项 C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：度假者来帕尔马多岛享受什么？正确项：它未受破坏的海滩。

7. What do estate agents say about Palmador?
  1. A.It has an unmatched location.
  2. B.It is worth over 18 million euros.
  3. C.It has beautiful weather all year round.
  4. D.It is an ideal place to meet famous stars. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'estate agents' → 听到 'It is said to have a remarkable location that few other private islands of this size can match, according to estate agents' → 匹配选项 A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：房产经纪人对帕尔马多岛有何评价？正确项：它拥有无与伦比的位置。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Hi, Christie's Gym Center. How can I help you? W: Hi, I'm calling to ask about the newly scheduled gym classes. I'm just wondering if I can get a discount on them. M: Are you already a member? W: Yes, I signed up two months ago, but I haven't been to any of the group classes yet. M: Can I take your name please? W: Yes. My name is Carol Friedman.

8. What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
  1. A.She has been attending some group classes.
  2. B.She has registered for two new gym classes.
  3. C.She became a member of the gym two months ago.
  4. D.She is entitled to a discount on all the gym exercises.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'the woman' → 听到女士说 'I signed up two months ago' → 匹配选项 C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们从对话中了解到关于这位女士的什么信息？正确项：她两个月前成为了健身房的会员。

9. What is the gym center doing right now?
  1. A.Considering the promotion of its regular classes.
  2. B.Taking measures to expand its exercise programs.
  3. C.Recruiting coaches for hot yoga and advanced spinning.
  4. D.Offering existing members a discount off two new classes.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'right now' → 听到男士说 'Currently we are offering existing members discounts off two of our brand new classes' → 匹配选项 D

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：健身房中心现在正在做什么？正确项：为现有会员提供两门新课程的折扣。

10. What does the man say is a pity for the woman?
  1. A.She missed the deadline for the 10-week course.
  2. B.She missed out on the gym's general discount.
  3. C.She didn't sign up for membership in time.
  4. D.She wasn't so much interested in hot yoga.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'a pity' → 听到男士说 'It's a shame you missed out on the general discount' → 匹配选项 B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士说这位女士错过了什么很可惜？正确项：她错过了健身房的普遍折扣。

11. Why is the woman unwilling to pay in advance?
  1. A.She doesn't want to reveal her card details over the phone.
  2. B.She doesn't think it wise to pay before attending any class.
  3. C.She might have to cancel her registration any minute.
  4. D.She prefers to have the fee added to her monthly bill.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士拒绝预付的直接原因 → 识别其对电话支付安全的担忧 → 同义替换为选项A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士为什么不愿意预付？正确项：她不想在电话里透露她的银行卡信息。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Well, I think that was quite a successful trip in the end. Don't you think, Jenny? W: Absolutely. There are lots of great potential markets here in China. So I'm sure that the head office in London will be pleased once we get back and present our research. M: Okay. We've got a bit of spare time now. Can we discuss the return trip to the head office? W: Sure. I've checked the availability of flights from Beijing to London on the 22nd and you have a choice. There's a flight arriving the following morning, with a two-hour stopover in Dubai, or a flight arriving at 11:30 in the evening, with a five-hour stopover in Amsterdam. M: Right. Well, that's obvious then, isn't it? W: okay, so that's Dubai. I've booked a room in a hotel about a mile from the office. The nearest metro station is Earl's Court. M: Great. Can you find a map that shows where the hotel is and send it to me online? I've never been to the head office, you know. I want to see if I can get one of those rental bicycles and ride to the office just for fun. For the presentation, I'll bring my own laptop and hook it up to their projector. Do you remember the capacity of their meeting room? W: No, but I'll check. M: Just one more thing. I'll pay everything with my own card, right? And I'll submit my claims form afterwards. W: No problem. Just remember to keep all your receipts. You remember the trouble you had last time. M: Oh, don't remind me. London will be pleased once we get back and present our research.

12. Why are the speakers in China?
  1. A.To make investments.
  2. B.To sign a business contract.
  3. C.To research new markets.
  4. D.To open a new office.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话开头关于中国之行的总结 → 提取“potential markets”和“present our research” → 推断出核心目的为市场调研

考点：主旨概括推理判断

译文：题干：说话者为什么在中国？正确项：为了调研新市场。

13. Where will the man stop over on his way to London?
  1. A.Dubai.
  2. B.Beijing.
  3. C.Amsterdam.
  4. D.Earl's Court.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位讨论返程航班的对话 → 识别男士选择（“that's obvious”）及女士确认（“so that's Dubai”） → 得出中转地为迪拜

考点：细节定位对话逻辑理解

译文：题干：男士在去伦敦的途中将在哪里中转？正确项：迪拜。

14. What does the man ask the woman to do?
  1. A.Rent a bike for him to get around the town.
  2. B.Reserve a meeting room in the head office.
  3. C.Help him prepare his presentation.
  4. D.Send him a map of the hotel area.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士提出请求的对话段落 → 识别具体请求内容（“send it to me online”指代地图） → 匹配选项D

考点：细节定位指代理解

译文：题干：男士请女士做什么？正确项：给他发送酒店区域的地图。

15. What did the woman remind the man to do at the end of the conversation?
  1. A.Bring his projector.
  2. B.Keep all his receipts.
  3. C.Submit his claims form.
  4. D.Pay with his credit card. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话结尾女士的提醒 → 识别关键指令（“keep all your receipts”） → 匹配选项B

考点：细节定位指令捕捉

译文：题干：对话结束时，女士提醒男士做什么？正确项：保留所有收据。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A new study has demonstrated the importance of women's rights. The researchers behind the study state that many parts of the world have made good economic progress, but women's rights are often overlooked. Thus, they wanted to determine if there was a link between protection of women's rights and public health. The researchers analyzed databases which held information from 162 countries for the period 2004 to 2010. Countries were classified according to the respect they gave to women's economic and social rights. There were three categories. They were high, moderate, and poor. Analysis of the data showed that countries with strong women's rights had better health than those where women's rights were not as respected. The health indicators studied included disease prevention, reproductive health, death rates, and life expectancy. Furthermore, in countries where women's rights were most respected, but where access to hospitals and doctors was below average, health outcomes were still better than in countries rated as moderate or poor. This confirms that even with a lack of resources, if a country has strong women's rights, the health outcomes are better. Thus, the researchers argued that gender equality is not just a women's rights issue. It is also a development issue. This is because better health aids economic development. They note that the value of women's rights has often been questioned from an economic standpoint. Some have argued that ensuring those rights would limit progress, but this study indicates the opposite. public health. between protection of women's rights and public health.

16. What did the researchers of the new study try to determine?
  1. A.Whether a country's educational level is linked to women's rights.
  2. B.Whether women's rights are making good progress around the world.
  3. C.Whether a country's protection of women's rights is related to its public health.
  4. D.Whether women's rights are more often overlooked in less-developed countries.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键词 'determine' → 听到 'Thus, they wanted to determine if there was a link between protection of women's rights and public health.' → 识别 'if' 与 'Whether' 的同义替换，'a link' 与 'is related to' 的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新研究的研究人员试图确定什么？正确项：一个国家对妇女权利的保护是否与其公共健康相关。

17. What does the passage say about countries lacking in medical resources?
  1. A.Their people still have better health if women's rights are respected.
  2. B.They must make efforts to increase women's access to health care.
  3. C.Their people tend to attach importance to women's rights.
  4. D.They need to invest more in hospital staff and facilities.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键词 'lacking in medical resources' → 听到 'access to hospitals and doctors was below average' → 听到 'health outcomes were still better' → 识别 'access to hospitals and doctors' 与 'medical resources' 的对应，'health outcomes were still better' 与 'better health' 的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章对医疗资源匮乏的国家有何描述？正确项：如果妇女权利得到保障，其人民仍然拥有更好的健康状况。

18. What has often been questioned regarding women's rights?
  1. A.Their link with a country's public health.
  2. B.Their potential impact on social progress.
  3. C.Their value to a country's international image.
  4. D.Their positive effect on economic development.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'often been questioned' → 听到 'the value of women's rights has often been questioned from an economic standpoint.' → 听到 'Some have argued that ensuring those rights would limit progress, but this study indicates the opposite.' → 识别 'the opposite' 指代前文观点（限制进步）的反面，即 'positive effect on economic development' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代理解

译文：题干：关于妇女权利，什么经常受到质疑？正确项：她们对经济发展的积极影响。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Sunshine and high temperatures can mean picnics and parks and trips to beaches, but they can make your body react in some strange ways. First, sunshine can actually affect your breath. You may think that summer is the perfect time to go on a date or chat with an attractive boy or girl. But excessive heat can cause you to lose water, which has been proven to have a pretty unattractive side effect—bad breath. When you are lacking water, your mouth becomes dry. Bacteria accumulate because there isn't enough water in your mouth to wash it away, Sunshine can stop you from sweating, too. The body's normal temperature is 36 to 37 degrees centigrade. But if it heats up to 40 to 41 degrees, you may find yourself getting heatstroke. At that point, your heat regulatory system can essentially quit, which stops you from sweating as your body tries to keep water around your vital organs. However, the sun can have a positive influence on your body by raising your energy levels. You might feel like the sun is giving you extra energy for your day, which is actually happening. And vitamin D from sunshine can help your body to absorb certain minerals, which are linked to building stronger bones. Therefore, I suggest you spend more time in the park with your friends, but make sure you apply lots of skin protection and fill up those water bottles, too. make your body react in some strange ways.

19. What does the passage say about hot sunshine?
  1. A.It creates a wonderful setting for dating.
  2. B.It may cause strange physical reactions.
  3. C.It turns parks into picnic sites.
  4. D.It may result in a crowded beach.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首段主旨句 'Sunshine and high temperatures... can make your body react in some strange ways.' → 识别 'react in some strange ways' 与 'cause strange physical reactions' 的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：文章对炎热的阳光有何描述？正确项：它可能导致奇怪的身体反应。

20. What does the passage say is a negative side effect of water loss?
  1. A.Breathing difficulty.
  2. B.Bad breath.
  3. C.Excessive sweating.
  4. D.High blood pressure.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键词 'negative side effect' 和 'water loss' → 听到 'excessive heat can cause you to lose water, which has been proven to have a pretty unattractive side effect—bad breath.' → 识别 'unattractive side effect' 与 'negative side effect' 的同义替换，破折号后直接给出答案 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章说水分流失的负面影响是什么？正确项：口臭。

21. What is said to be a positive effect of sunshine?
  1. A.It protects people against bacteria.
  2. B.It enables people to build up endurance.
  3. C.It accelerates people's blood circulation.
  4. D.It provides people with extra energy.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位转折词However后的积极影响 → 同义替换raising your energy levels为provides extra energy → 得出答案

考点：转折信号词捕捉细节定位与同义替换

译文：题干：阳光被认为有什么积极影响？正确项：它为人们提供额外的能量。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Left-handed people can find it inconvenient to do certain things, writing in a notebook for example, but there are a number of advantages of being left-handed. Research found that they were overrepresented among fighters in combat sports. Left-handed fighters also had higher chances to win. This confirms the fighter theory. Left-handers may also be better at remembering events. The explanation is that the two brain spheres of left-handers are more strongly connected. Being left-handed might be a factor in mathematical ability. An Italian study found that for simple arithmetic there was little difference between right- and left-handed performance, but for more difficult problem-solving, left-handers won out. No one understands the reason for this. Left-handed people may think differently. In one study, researchers showed the participants columns of abstract illustrations and asked them which ones they would prefer. Left-handed people were more likely to prefer the images on the left. Right-handed people preferred the ones on the right. Both groups disliked stuff on their opposite side. Left-handers are also overrepresented in professional, interactive sports. Researchers have looked at the influence of being left-handed on performance and interactive sports. Those that require the fastest reaction give left-handers the biggest advantage. So if you have a left-handed child, you should encourage them to play table tennis, baseball and tennis. Being left-handed maximizes their chances of success in these sports. fighters also had higher chances to win.

22. What does the passage say about left-handed people?
  1. A.They are more likely to win in combat sports.
  2. B.They are in the minority among the population.
  3. C.They have a higher chance of joining sports teams.
  4. D.They have more disadvantages in getting ahead.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位研究发现（Research found）后的具体结论 → 同义替换higher chances to win为more likely to win → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写识别

译文：题干：文章关于左撇子说了什么？正确项：他们更可能在格斗运动中获胜。

23. What is said to be special about left-handed people?
  1. A.Their brain is more powerful than that of right-handed people.
  2. B.The left side of their brain is more powerful than its right side.
  3. C.They tend to be a lot more aggressive than right-handed people.
  4. D.Their brain has a stronger connection between its two sides.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位解释左撇子记忆力更好的原因 → 同义替换more strongly connected为stronger connection → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写识别

译文：题干：左撇子有什么特别之处？正确项：他们的大脑两侧连接更紧密。

24. Why are left-handed people better at solving more difficult problems?
  1. A.They have a larger brain.
  2. B.It still remains unknown.
  3. C.It is related to their genes.
  4. D.They are better at reasoning.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关于数学能力的研究 → 捕捉No one understands the reason for this → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉否定信息识别

译文：题干：为什么左撇子更擅长解决更难的问题？正确项：这仍然是未知的。

25. What should parents do about a left-handed child?
  1. A.Teach them how to perform tasks with their right hand.
  2. B.Help them fully develop their mathematical abilities.
  3. C.Encourage them to play fast-paced interactive sports.
  4. D.Advise them to choose jobs that require quick reactions.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位建议（should）部分 → 同义替换play table tennis, baseball and tennis为play fast-paced interactive sports → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写识别

译文：题干：父母应该对左撇子孩子做什么？正确项：鼓励他们进行快节奏的互动运动。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Researchers, writing in the journal Heart, pooled data from 23 studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness were tied to an increased risk of coronary heart disease( ) and strokes. The studies included data from 181,006 men and women ages 18 and over. There were 4,628 coronary events and 3,002 strokes in follow-up periods [26] from three to 21 years. Three of the papers [27] loneliness, 18 looked at social isolation and two included both. Social isolation and loneliness were determined with questionnaires; the researchers depended on medical records and death [28] for determining coronary events and strokes. The scientists found that loneliness and social isolation increased the [29] risk of having a heart attack or a death from heart disease by [29] percent, and the risk of stroke by [32] percent. There were no [30] between men and women. "People have tended to focus from a policy point of view on [31] lonely people to make them more [32] ," said the lead author, Nicole K. Valtorta, a research fellow at the University of York in England. "Our study [33] that if this is a risk factor, then we should be trying to prevent the risk factor in the first place." The authors [34] that this was a review of observational studies and did not [35] cause and effect.

A. acknowledgeB. certificatesC. connectedD. demonstratesE. differencesF. establishG. formatsH. measuredI. narrowJ. permanentK. producesL. rangingM. relativeN. submittingO. targeting

参考答案与解析

答案：26-L　27-H　28-B　29-M　30-E　31-O　32-C　33-D　34-A　35-F

解析：26 空 定位空格前后的名词短语 'follow-up periods' → 识别固定搭配 'ranging from... to...' → 选择表示范围变化的动词
27 空 定位空格所在句 'Three of the papers ___ loneliness' → 分析上下文，该句与后文 '18 looked at social isolation' 并列，描述研究内容 → 选择表示'研究、考察'的动词
28 空 定位空格前 'medical records and death' → 识别并列结构，空格词需与 'medical records' 并列，且能被 'death' 修饰 → 选择表示'记录'的名词
29 空 定位空格所在句 'increased the ___ risk' → 分析上下文，该句描述研究发现的风险增加 → 选择表示'总体、整体'的形容词修饰 'risk'
30 空 定位空格前动词 'focus on' → 分析宾语 'lonely people' 的语境 → 识别 'focus on making them more...' 的搭配 → 选择表示 '融入社会' 的动名词形式
31 空 定位空格前动词 'focus on' → 分析宾语 'lonely people' 的语境 → 识别 'focus on making them more...' 的搭配 → 选择表示 '融入社会' 的动名词形式
32 空 定位空格所在句 'make them more ___' → 分析上下文，该句引用作者观点，讨论政策应关注让孤独的人更'社交' → 选择表示'社交的'形容词
33 空 定位空格所在句 'Our study ___ that if this is a risk factor...' → 分析主语 'Our study' 与宾语从句的逻辑关系 → 选择表示 '表明/显示' 的动词
34 空 定位空格所在句 'The authors ___ that this was a review of observational studies...' → 分析作者对研究局限性的陈述 → 选择表示 '指出/强调' 的动词
35 空 定位空格所在句 '...did not ___ cause and effect.' → 分析动词与宾语 'cause and effect' 的搭配 → 选择表示 '证明/确立' 的动词

考点：固定搭配 ranging from... to...语境选词并列结构固定搭配 death certificates固定搭配 overall riskfocus on doing sth.make sb. more social固定搭配 social peoplestudy suggests/indicates/shows that...逻辑推断authors note/emphasize that...研究局限性陈述prove/establish cause and effect

译文：题干：在随访期（从三年到二十一年不等）内，发生了4,628起冠状动脉事件和3,002起中风。正确项：ranging（范围从...到...）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AThis fall, thousands of college students from across the country will begin their undergraduate studies at colleges around the nation. They will inevitably pack too much to fit in their tiny dorm rooms. They will also carry with them a huge student loan debt, in addition to countless "hidden" out-of-pocket costs paid for by their bank accounts and the bank accounts of their families.
BAt my well-respected, private, four-year university in Washington, D.C., which boasts a yearly tuition of $44,046 not including room and board, I receive over $57,000 yearly in financial aid. As a student from a family that is struggling to make ends meet, my financial aid package is a combination of federal grants and federal work study, university merit scholarships and financial aid awards, and about $8,000 yearly in federally subsidized and unsubsidized loans. On paper, my expenses and my financial aid just about even out. Off paper, they don't.
CUniversities today are in the business of making money, and mine is no exception. They hit me right out of the gate with a $160 fee to attend my freshman orientation, a price which does not include the cost of travel to and from the District. Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition, most between $40 and $100. Fees for lab science classes are the highest, and all students at my university are required to take at least one lab before they graduate. Buying a laptop proved a necessity and, thankfully, a relative bought me one as a gift. Renting a mini-fridge for my dorm room costs my roommates and me about $140 a year.
DSchools will charge you whatever they can. The costs of any damage to the dorm, including elevators, bathrooms, and common areas, are billed to every person on a dorm floor, or even the entire building if they do not know who caused the damage. After I fell out of my bed twice during my freshman year, the university installed a railing—for $20, billed to my student account. My financial aid did not anticipate any of these costs, and so it did not cover them.
EAn Internet search of "hidden costs" of college turns up a host of articles on parent-centered websites on the college application process. These articles are almost always geared towards upper- and middle-class families. For students already struggling to pay tuition, these costs may be the least of their worries.
FSo what hidden costs should low-income students really be paying attention to? My college experience offers a few examples.
GIf you are a low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state, make sure you know if you can use your state benefits, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP. It wasn't until after I had accepted admission to an out-of-state school that I learned that I could not use my Ohio Medicaid on campus for anything other than emergency care. My benefits became invalid the second I moved out of Ohio. After my freshman year, I had to opt for the school's insurance plan, which costs around $2,000 a year. Even if your school offers a flat-rate fee for a doctor's appointment at the student health center (mine is $20 a visit), these fees often do not include extra fees for lab tests or prescription medications( ).
HIf you plan on paying off bills in your student account with a credit card, be aware of any additional costs. My school charges an additional fee for the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges, which can add upwards of 3% of the balance to your bill.
IThere is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages: Colleges often offer the most generous packages during freshman year as a way to attract new students. My family was careful to ask about the chances of financial aid being taken away after my freshman year. We were assured that, except for low grades or a raise in family income, no money would be taken away. We did not know to ask—and the school did not readily point out—that even if tuition rises, my financial aid package will stay the same. So when my university voted to raise tuition costs 3% at the end of my freshman year, my financial aid package remained the same and I was suddenly responsible for an additional $1,200 for the next year. The university administration will likely vote to raise costs at least once more before my graduation.
JYes, I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown. Yes, there were cheaper options. But there are promising students from struggling families across the nation who should not rule out their dream schools entirely. All things considered, I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university, and having an educational experience in Washington, D.C., that I would not have had anywhere else. As a low-income student from a down-and-out Rust Belt community, these educational experiences have enormous potential to brighten my future—and my family's future.
KThe key is to make sure that students and their families understand that hidden costs exist, and that they may prove problematic. Fill out a more comprehensive checklist, and be wary of listed prices that seem too low. Understand just how complicated the financial aid process is.
LStudents and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate. They should not pay student bills or excess fees blindly. If something does not look right, ask about it. If it still doesn't look right, negotiate it. In cases where parents are working multiple jobs, are less knowledgeable about college bureaucracies, have limited English language skills, or are not contributing financially to their child's education, the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student. I understand the difficulty, and the embarrassment. But it is necessary.
MIn the grand scheme of things, however, colleges also must come to understand that the hidden fees they ask for may prove unmanageable for the very kinds of low-income or first-generation students they are trying desperately to attract.
1. Students' financial aid remains unchanged even when tuition rises. （I）
2. Students may not be able to enjoy their state benefits when they go to college out of the state. （G）
3. The financial aid the author receives is supposed to cover all her college expenses. （B）
4. When the person who damages dorm facilities is not identified, students are required to share the cost. （D）
5. Though it is difficult and embarrassing, students should make inquiries about what fees they have to pay and why. （L）
6. Today, many Americans have to go to college on student loans. （A）
7. Receiving education in a private university in the nation's capital may change the author's future life and that of her family's. （J）
8. Students may no longer be qualified for financial aid if they perform poorly in school or if their family income has increased. （I）
9. In addition to tuition, college students have to pay extra fees for the courses they take. （C）
10. Some schools charge students a fee to their student accounts for using credit cards to pay bills. （H）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-I　2-G　3-B　4-D　5-L　6-A　7-J　8-I　9-C　10-H

解析：36. 定位段落B中关于助学金构成的描述 → 识别其包含联邦贷款 → 推断助学金并非完全覆盖费用，而是包含需偿还的贷款
37. 定位段落B中作者在华盛顿特区私立大学获得助学金的背景 → 结合题干“州外上大学”进行推理 → 推断州外学生可能无法享受本州福利
38. 定位段落B中关于助学金与费用关系的描述 → 识别“On paper... Off paper...”的转折 → 得出助学金在纸面上看似覆盖所有费用，但实际并非如此
39. 定位段落D中关于宿舍损坏费用分摊的描述 → 识别“billed to every person on a dorm floor”这一关键信息 → 得出当责任人不明时，费用由楼层学生共同承担
40. 综合全文关于“隐藏费用”的描述 → 推断作者隐含的建议 → 得出学生应主动询问费用明细
41. 定位题干关键词 'student loans' → 在段落[A]中找到 'carry with them a huge student loan debt' → 同义替换匹配
42. 定位题干关键词 'private university in the nation's capital' → 在段落[B]中找到 'my well-respected, private, four-year university in Washington, D.C.' → 结合 'family that is struggling to make ends meet' 和 'Off paper, they don't [even out]' 推断经济压力对家庭未来的影响
43. 定位题干关键词 'financial aid' 和 'perform poorly'/'family income has increased' → 在段落[B]中找到 'merit scholarships' 和 'family that is struggling to make ends meet' → 语篇未提及失去资助的条件，因此该陈述在语篇中无依据
44. 定位题干关键词 'tuition' 和 'extra fees for the courses' → 在段落[C]中找到 'Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition' → 同义替换匹配
45. 定位题干关键词 'fee' 和 'credit cards' → 在提供的语篇片段（[A]-[D]）中未找到任何关于'信用卡支付费用'的信息 → 该陈述在语篇中无依据

考点：助学金构成联邦贷款州外学生助学金来源纸面平衡实际缺口宿舍损坏费用分摊隐藏费用主动询问细节定位与捕捉同义替换推理判断信息比对

译文：题干：即使学费上涨，学生的经济援助也保持不变。正确项I：作者的经济援助中包含需要偿还的联邦贷款。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

To write his 2010 book, The 5-Factor World Diet, nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing. He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries. For starters, Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. "We don't prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods," explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak's book. They all seem to stick to the ethos of regional, seasonal produce. For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes. Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch—as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner. Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. "The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American," said Pasternak, "So really, regardless of what you're eating, if someone's walking four miles more than you each day, they're going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you."

46. What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?
  1. A.Variety.
  2. B.Flavor.
  3. C.Color.
  4. D.Naturalness.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词Japanese and Chinese → 定位至语篇首段 → 提取并列信息‘a wonderful variety of seaweeds’与‘at least five different colors’ → 归纳共同点为‘多样性’ → 同义替换为Variety

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：日本和中国食物的特点是什么？正确项：多样性。

47. What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?
  1. A.They emphasize nutrition.
  2. B.They tend to eat quite a lot.
  3. C.They prioritize convenience.
  4. D.They care about flavors.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词Americans → 定位至语篇第二段 → 提取关键信息‘Americans eat much bigger portions’ → 同义替换为‘tend to eat quite a lot’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：美国人饮食的典型特点是什么？正确项：他们往往吃得很多。

48. What features are in Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets?
  1. A.Fruits and vegetables.
  2. B.Olive oil and red wine.
  3. C.Seasonal local produce.
  4. D.Unprocessed ingredients.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets → 定位至语篇第三段 → 提取共性描述‘stick to the ethos of regional, seasonal produce’ → 同义替换为‘Seasonal local produce’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：地中海、北欧和冲绳饮食的特点是什么？正确项：应季的本地食材。

49. What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?
  1. A.They get the whole family to eat at a table.
  2. B.They eat their meals regularly and punctually.
  3. C.They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.
  4. D.They attach great importance to their meals.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词healthy eating cultures → 定位至语篇第四段 → 提取关键信息‘make meals an event’ → 同义替换为‘attach great importance to their meals’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：大多数健康饮食文化中的人们有什么共同点？正确项：他们非常重视他们的餐食。

50. Compared with the average American, people in healthy societies ___________.
  1. A.walk at least 4 miles a day
  2. B.do considerably more walking
  3. C.pay more attention to body shape
  4. D.consume a lot more organic food
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词Compared with the average American → 定位至语篇末段 → 提取关键信息‘they all walk way more than the average American’ → 同义替换为‘do considerably more walking’

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：与普通美国���相比，健康社会中的人们___________。正确项：步行量大得多。

Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad, angry or surprised is key to getting along with others. But a new study suggests that being sensitive to people's feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress. This and other research challenge the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer. In a study, psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in Germany asked 166 male university students a series of questions to measure their emotional intelligence. For example, they showed the students photographs of people's faces and asked them to what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed. The students then had to give job talks in front of judges who displayed serious facial expressions. The scientists measured concentrations of stress hormones in the students' saliva( ) before and after the talk. In students who were rated more emotionally intelligent, the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took longer to go back to baseline. The findings suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good, says Bechtoldt. "Sometimes you can be so good at something that it causes trouble," she notes. Indeed, the study adds to previous research hinting at a dark side of emotional intelligence. A study published in 2002 in Personality and Individual Differences suggested that emotionally perceptive people might be particularly influenced by feelings of depression and hopelessness. Furthermore, several studies have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal gains. More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress would play out in women and in people of different ages and education levels. Nevertheless, emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have, as long as you learn to also properly cope with emotions—both others' and your own, says Bechtoldt. For example, some sensitive individuals may assume responsibility for other people's sadness or anger, which ultimately stresses them out. Remember, as Bechtoldt says, "you are not responsible for how other people feel."

51. What is the finding of the new study?
  1. A.Emotional intelligence helps people get along with others.
  2. B.Emotional intelligence is generally beneficial to its bearer.
  3. C.People who are aware of others' feelings may experience more stress.
  4. D.People who are emotionally stressed may have trouble making friends.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位研究核心发现（高情商者压力反应更强）→ 同义替换（sensitive to feelings = aware of others' feelings; extra stress = experience more stress）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新研究的发现是什么？正确项：对他人感受敏感的人可能经历更多压力。

52. What was the purpose of psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt's experiment?
  1. A.To define different types of human feelings.
  2. B.To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever.
  3. C.To demonstrate how to distinguish different feelings.
  4. D.To identify gender differences in emotional intelligence.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位实验描述（测量情商→施加压力→测量压力激素）→ 推断实验目的（探究情商高低对压力反应的影响）→ 同义替换（impacts of being emotionally clever）→ 得出答案

考点：主旨推断同义替换

译文：题干：心理学家Myriam Bechtoldt实验的目的是什么？正确项：评估情商高可能带来的影响。

53. What does the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt's study indicate?
  1. A.Greater emotional cleverness means less trouble in one's life.
  2. B.Emotional intelligence helps people succeed in job interviews.
  3. C.People's psychological wellbeing is related to various factors.
  4. D.People may suffer from having a high emotional intelligence
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究结论（高情商者压力反应更强、恢复更慢）→ 推断其含义（高情商可能带来负面影响）→ 同义替换（suffer from having a high emotional intelligence）→ 得出答案

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：Myriam Bechtoldt研究的发现表明了什么？正确项：人们可能因拥有高情商而遭受困扰。

54. What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies?
  1. A.People suffering from depression are emotionally immature.
  2. B.People who look at the dark side of life often feel depressed.
  3. C.Some people may take advantage of it and benefit themselves.
  4. D.Some people may lack it and are easily manipulated by others.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位多项研究提及的内容（情商可被用于操纵他人谋利）→ 同义替换（take advantage of it and benefit themselves = manipulate others for personal gains）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：从多项研究中我们了解到情商的什么信息？正确项：有些人可能利用情商为自己谋利。

55. What does the author suggest sensitive individuals do?
  1. A.Avoid burdening themselves with others' feelings.
  2. B.Rid themselves of worries over worldly affairs.
  3. C.Learn to cope with people's negative feelings.
  4. D.Help people to deal with their troubles in life.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位作者建议（学习妥善处理情绪；敏感个体可能为他人情绪负责）→ 推断建议（不要为他人情绪过度负责）→ 同义替换（avoid burdening themselves with others' feelings）→ 得出答案

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：作者建议敏感个体做什么？正确项：避免让自己背负他人的情绪负担。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: In this task, you are to write an essay on the role of physical exercise in achieving success at college. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

While many college students bury themselves in books and treat workouts as a waste of time, it is often overlooked that physical exercise plays an indispensable role in achieving success at college. In my view, staying active is not the enemy of study but its solid foundation. First, regular exercise strengthens the body and guarantees the energy that intense coursework demands. A student who jogs every morning is more likely to stay focused through back-to-back lectures than one who never moves. Moreover, working out is a powerful way to relieve stress. When exams and job hunting pile up, a quick run on the track can wash away tension and rebuild mental resilience. In addition, sticking to a fixed exercise routine cultivates self-discipline, and this habit naturally transfers to managing study plans on time. In short, physical exercise is by no means a distraction; rather, it is the cornerstone of college success. Therefore, every student is advised to fit regular workouts into daily life before body and mind break down.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

在中国农历中,立秋 (Start of Autumn)意味着夏天的结束和秋天的开始。立秋带来的首先是天气的变化,气温逐渐下降。人们看到树叶开始变黄飘落时,知道秋天已经来临,这就是所谓的"一叶知秋"。但此时酷热的天气并未完全结束,高温通常还会持续一段时间,被称为"秋老虎"。立秋对农民意义重大,这时各种秋季作物迅速生长、开始成熟,收获的季节即将到来。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

In the Chinese lunar calendar, the Start of Autumn marks the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. It first brings a change in the weather, as temperatures gradually drop. When people see the leaves begin to turn yellow and fall, they know that autumn has arrived; this is the so-called principle that "one falling leaf heralds the coming of autumn." However, the hot weather has not completely ended at this time; high temperatures usually continue for a while, a period known as the "Autumn Tiger." The Start of Autumn is of great significance to farmers, as various autumn crops grow rapidly and begin to ripen at this time, and the harvest season is approaching.

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