2023年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2023年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2023 年 · 6月·第3套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2023年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A woman was charged with allegedly violating a Rhode Island city law against feeding wild animals. The 55-year-old woman's neighbors blame her for making the area's rat problem worse. Newly installed cameras captured several rats active in the middle of the day. Neighbors say that it's even worse during the night. The woman and her parents, who own the home, told reporters that she's being charged for feeding birds. "Who would have known just loving animals gets you that much trouble," she said. It is prohibited to feed any wild animals including birds in Rhode Island City. Nevertheless, while the woman's intention was to feed birds, it is clear that rats were also benefiting. Anthony Moretti, director of the city administration, said he saw more than 20 rats near the woman's home. He said it will take months to get the problem under control. wild animals.

1. What do we learn from the report about the 55-year-old woman?
  1. A.She was involved in a conflict with bird lovers.
  2. B.She was charged with mistreating animals.
  3. C.She was on bad terms with her neighbors.
  4. D.She was accused of violating a city law.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首句核心信息 → 识别 charged with violating a law 与 accused of violating a law 的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于这位55岁的女性，我们从报道中得知了什么？ 正确项D：她被指控违反了一项城市法规。

2. What did the director of the city administration say at the end of the news report?
  1. A.It will take time to solve the rat problem.
  2. B.All wild animals should be well protected.
  3. C.The woman was not to blame for the situation.
  4. D.No one should go unpunished for violating law.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位新闻末尾 director 的引语 → 识别“take months”与“take time”、“get the problem under control”与“solve the problem”的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：市政管理局长在新闻报道结尾说了什么？ 正确项A：解决老鼠问题需要时间。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

To prepare for eventually sending astronauts to Mars, NASA began taking applications Friday for four people to live for a year in Mars Dune Alpha. That's a 1,700-square-foot Martian habitat inside a building in Houston. The paid volunteers will work in an environment similar to Mars. They will have limited communications with family, restricted food and resources. NASA is planning three experiments with the first one starting in the fall next year. Food will all be ready-to-eat space food. Some plants will be grown, but not potatoes like in the movie The Martian. "We want to understand how humans perform in them," said lead scientist Grace Douglas. "We are looking at Mars-realistic situations." The application process opens Friday and they're not seeking just anybody. The requirements are strict, including a master's degree in a science, engineering or math field or pilot experience. Only American citizens or permanent U.S. residents are acceptable. Applicants must be between 30 and 55 and in good physical health. Attitude is key, said former Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield. He said the participants need to be super competent, resourceful, and not relying on other people to feel comfortable. volunteers will work in an environment similar to Mars.

3. What does NASA require the paid volunteers to do?
  1. A.Communicate with astronauts in Mars Dune Alpha.
  2. B.Work in an environment resembling Mars.
  3. C.Build a Martian habitat in Houston.
  4. D.Send in applications before Friday.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位第二段关于志愿者工作的描述 → 识别“work in an environment similar to Mars”与“work in an environment resembling Mars”的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：NASA要求付费志愿者做什么？ 正确项B：在一个类似火星的环境中工作。

4. What will the participants in the project eat?
  1. A.Ready-made food.
  2. B.Food that is organic.
  3. C.Food they grow.
  4. D.Potatoes mostly.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位第三段关于食物的描述 → 识别“ready-to-eat space food”与“Ready-made food”的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：项目参与者将吃什么？ 正确项A：现成的食物。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A Japanese mayor apologized Thursday for biting the Olympic gold medal of a softball player. Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura had praised an athlete, Miu Goto, during a public media event. He asked her to put the medal around his neck. Kawamura then bit into it. Biting a medal in front of journalists and photographers has become a common pose for Olympic medalists. However, it is only for the winners themselves, not others. "I'm really sorry that I hurt the treasure of the gold medalist," Kawamura told reporters Thursday. The mayor said the medal was undamaged, though he offered to pay for the cost of a new one. Goto, however, has accepted the International Olympic Committee's offer of a replacement, according to Japanese media reports. The scene broadcast on television prompted thousands of complaints to city hall. Some Olympians said they treat their medals as treasures and that it was disrespectful and unacceptable for Kawamura to bite one. "I would cry if that happened to me," said another athlete, Naohisa Takato. "I handle my own gold medal so gently that I would not scratch it." softball player. Japanese mayor apologized Thursday for biting the Olympic gold medal of a softball player.

5. What do the news reports say about the Japanese mayor Takashi Kawamura?
  1. A.He apologized for scratching an athlete's gold medal.
  2. B.He was asked to present a gold medal to Miu Goto.
  3. C.He bit a softball player's Olympic gold medal.
  4. D.He attracted public attention at a media event.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首句核心事件 → 识别“biting the Olympic gold medal”与“bit a softball player's Olympic gold medal”的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道关于日本市长河村隆之说了什么？ 正确项C：他咬了一位垒球运动员的奥运金牌。

6. What did mayor Takashi Kawamura offer to do?
  1. A.Have another picture taken with the Olympic medalist.
  2. B.Apologize to the International Olympic Committee.
  3. C.Get the damaged medal repaired.
  4. D.Pay for the cost of a new medal.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位市长道歉后的补救措施 → 听到 'offered to pay for the cost of a new one' → 同义替换为 'Pay for the cost of a new medal'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：市长高村隆（Takashi Kawamura）主动提出要做什么？ 正确项D：支付新金牌的费用。

7. What did some Olympians say they would do with their medals?
  1. A.Allow no one to touch them.
  2. B.See them as symbols of honor.
  3. C.Treat them as treasures.
  4. D.Keep them in a safe place. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Some Olympians的言论 → 听到 'they treat their medals as treasures' → 直接对应选项C

考点：细节定位原词复现

译文：题干：一些奥运选手说他们会如何对待自己的奖牌？ 正确项C：把它们当作珍宝。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: What's that orange thing on your computer screen? W: It's something I bought yesterday. It's a plastic sheet that blocks blue light. I have one that I use to cover my phone screen too. M: What do you mean by blue light? W: Blue light includes natural light, but it also includes light that isn't natural, for example, from computers, phones, televisions and other electronic devices. M: So blue light is harmful and that's why you want to block it. W: It isn't that simple. Blue light isn't necessarily bad for us. In fact, we need blue light during the day to be healthy. But too much blue light, especially from electronic devices, can harm our health by weakening our vision and making it harder for us to fall asleep. And poor sleep can cause all sorts of health problems. M: I'm not so sure that sleep is nearly as important as people always say it is. I haven't slept enough in months because I have too much work to do, and I feel fine. And it's the same for most of my friends. Poor sleep might be a problem for older people, but surely young people can handle late nights. W: Well, the research I've read shows that sleep is probably even more important than we thought, and that not having enough sleep can contribute to serious health problems like obesity and heart disease. And all the artificial blue light from electronic devices means we have to try harder to sleep well. M: Maybe you're right. I'm on my computer very late most nights, and that's probably why I don't sleep enough. computer screen?

8. What did the woman do to her computer?
  1. A.She covered its screen with a plastic sheet.
  2. B.She connected it with her smartphone.
  3. C.She decorated it with colorful stickers.
  4. D.She bought some new software for it.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士对电脑屏幕的处理 → 听到 'It's a plastic sheet that blocks blue light' → 同义替换为 'covered its screen with a plastic sheet'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：女士对她的电脑做了什么？ 正确项A：她用一张塑料膜覆盖了屏幕。

9. What does the woman say about blue light?
  1. A.It may not be simply blue.
  2. B.It includes unnatural light.
  3. C.It is more harmful to young people.
  4. D.It induces people to fall asleep.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士对蓝光的定义 → 听到 'it also includes light that isn't natural' → 同义替换为 'includes unnatural light'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：女士关于蓝光说了什么？ 正确项B：它包括非自然光。

10. Why does the man say he hasn't slept enough for months?
  1. A.He has had much trouble falling asleep.
  2. B.He has had some sort of health problems.
  3. C.He has stayed up playing computer games.
  4. D.He has been burdened with excessive work.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士解释睡眠不足的原因 → 听到 'because I have too much work to do' → 同义替换为 'burdened with excessive work'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：男士说他几个月来睡眠不足的原因是什么？ 正确项D：他一直承担着过多的工作。

11. What has the woman learned from the research she has read?
  1. A.Exposure to blue light is the chief cause of obesity.
  2. B.Sleep may be more important than people assumed.
  3. C.Sleep may also be negatively affected by natural light.
  4. D.Overuse of electronic devices may cause heart disease.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士提及研究的段落 → 提取研究结论（睡眠比想象更重要，睡眠不足导致严重健康问题） → 同义替换为选项B

考点：sleep is probably even more important than we thoughtnot having enough sleep can contribute to serious health problems

译文：题干：女士从她读到的研究中学到了什么？正确项B：睡眠可能比人们假设的更重要。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: As a kid, did you know what job you wanted to do when you grew up? M: No, I didn't. And I got sick every time adults asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. W: It's the same with me. And I'm tired of people asking that question of my 10-year-old daughter. My daughter's stock answers are basketball player, pop singer, mechanical engineer. Adults love that last one, as it's the perfect mix of the sensible and the ambitious. When she was much younger, my daughter used to say she wanted to be Queen of the Clouds, which I loved. That's the kind of goal-setting I like to see in children, springing from their boundless imaginations. M: Yes, we grown-ups can be tedious and limiting in our need for reality. And we teach a very gloomy image of adulthood—that whatever our children's future holds, it must be seen within the context of a job. W: How utterly overwhelming and dull! M: When people ask my son what he wants to be when he grows up, I have to swallow the urge to say, "Hey, back off my kid's dreams!" W: We can't dismiss the idea that teenagers have to plan to do something after they finish school, and parents are entitled to hope it's more than simply spending 10 hours a day playing computer games. M: But asking "What do you want to be?" isn't going to lead a child to a fulfilled life, rather at least to false expectations and a high chance of disappointment. W: Exactly. We should be helping our kids understand who they are, even if that means letting go of who we think they should be. you grew up?

12. What question were both speakers fed up with when they were kids?
  1. A.What they wanted to be when grown up.
  2. B.What their favorite cartoon character was.
  3. C.What they learned from computer games.
  4. D.What they liked to do most after school.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位双方讨论童年经历的段落 → 提取共同厌烦的问题（长大后想做什么） → 匹配选项A

考点：what I wanted to be when I grew upIt's the same with me

译文：题干：两人小时候都厌烦什么问题？正确项A：他们长大后想做什么。

13. What occupation do adults see as both sensible and ambitious according to the woman?
  1. A.A stock broker.
  2. B.A pop singer.
  3. C.A mechanical engineer.
  4. D.A basketball player.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士列举女儿答案的段落 → 捕捉that last one指代及as引出的原因 → 确认mechanical engineer对应sensible and ambitious

考点：that last onethe perfect mix of the sensible and the ambitious

译文：题干：根据女士，成年人认为什么职业既明智又有抱负？正确项C：机械工程师。

14. What kind of goal-setting does the woman like to see in children?
  1. A.Ambitious.
  2. B.Sensible.
  3. C.Imaginative.
  4. D.Practical.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士表达喜爱的段落 → 提取That's the kind of goal-setting I like → 追溯指代Queen of the Clouds及springing from boundless imaginations → 同义替换为Imaginative

考点：That's the kind of goal-setting I likespringing from their boundless imaginations

译文：题干：女士喜欢看到孩子有什么样的目标设定？正确项C：富有想象力的。

15. What does the woman suggest adults should do?
  1. A.Relax their strict control of their kids.
  2. B.Help their kids understand themselves.
  3. C.Impose their own dreams on their kids.
  4. D.Dismiss their high expectations of their kids. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士最后建议的段落 → 提取We should be helping our kids understand who they are → 同义替换为选项B

考点：We should be helping our kids understand who they areletting go of who we think they should be

译文：题干：女士建议成年人应该做什么？正确项B：帮助他们的孩子了解自己。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Greater Internet access correlates directly with improved health care, education and economic development. People living in rural areas, however, lag behind in online use, which limits their access to government services, banking and job opportunities. Nowhere is this challenge clearer than in Africa. Most Africans live in rural areas that are tough to wire for Internet access. Now, some phone companies are trying to introduce Internet-ready phones into African markets. Certain companies have started selling simple smartphones for only $20. Previously, the lowest price had been around $40, well out of reach for many people. These devices are powered by software from the giant electronics company, KaiOS Technologies Limited. Most companies are trying to make phones ever more powerful and capable. But KaiOS went the other way. It made every effort to keep the essential capabilities of smartphones, but strip out costs and preserve battery life for people who likely have inadequate access to electricity. The KaiOS devices offer an alternative to the more expensive models that remain out of reach of many Africans and contribute to the digital divide. The body of KaiOS phones is as basic as it gets. Instead of a touchscreen, they're controlled with an old-school keypad. They're designed for 3G networks because 4G coverage doesn't reach two thirds of Africa's customers. In total, KaiOS phones are made from about $15 worth of parts, while Apple's top-of-the-line iPhone has $390 worth of stuff. African markets. Internet-ready phones into African markets.

16. What are a number of phone companies trying to do in Africa?
  1. A.Set up company branches.
  2. B.Improve its infrastructure.
  3. C.Introduce iPhones into its markets.
  4. D.Promote Internet-ready phones.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位信号词Now → 识别introduce Internet-ready phones into African markets → 同义替换为Promote Internet-ready phones

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：许多电话公司正试图在非洲做什么？正确项：推广支持互联网的手机。

17. How do KaiOS smartphones differ from smartphones of most other companies?
  1. A.They cater to Africans' needs.
  2. B.They are more expensive models.
  3. C.They are more powerful and capable
  4. D.They boast the longest battery life.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对比信号But KaiOS went the other way → 提取核心差异（strip out costs, preserve battery life, basic body, keypad, 3G）→ 概括为满足非洲用户需求

考点：对比细节概括推理

译文：题干：KaiOS智能手机与其他大多数公司的智能手机有何不同？正确项：它们满足非洲人的需求。

18. What are KaiOS smartphones equipped with?
  1. A.A large touchscreen.
  2. B.An old-school keypad.
  3. C.A voice-response device.
  4. D.A digitally-designed system.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位具体描述句Instead of a touchscreen, they're controlled with an old-school keypad → 直接匹配选项

考点：细节定位直接对应

译文：题干：KaiOS智能手机配备了什么？正确项：一个老式键盘。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

For years, using recycled plastic to make plastic products was cheap. By contrast, fossil fuel plastic was more expensive. Thus this sustainable option was an economic option too. But now it is cheaper for major manufacturers to use new plastic. According to one recent business report, recycled plastic now costs an extra $72 a tonne compared with newly-made plastic. This may be because of consumer demands. They are pushing for more recycled plastics in new products. Meanwhile, new plastic is becoming cheaper. This is because of a boom in petroleum chemical production from the U.S. The price increase of recycled plastic could cost sustainable manufacturers an extra $250 million a year. Smaller manufacturers may also be forced to use new plastic to reduce costs. Makers of clear plastic bottles may also opt for new fossil-fuel based plastic to save money. Plastic packaging makers are being pressured to use more recycled plastic. This is done in hopes of reducing the enormous amount of plastic pollution in the oceans. The UK government plans to tax companies which don't use at least 30% recycled plastic in their products. Additionally, the government is planning to increase the quantity of recycled plastic in the market. This could mean incentives for new recycling plants. Additionally, recycling facilities may be improved at a local council level and recycled plastic could be imported. This would help increase the amount of recycled plastic in circulation. plastic was more expensive.

19. What is said about using recycled plastic to make plastic products in the past?
  1. A.It ensured sustainable economic growth.
  2. B.It was strongly opposed by manufacturers.
  3. C.It was cheaper than using fossil fuel plastic.
  4. D.It satisfied consumer demands on the whole.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位时间状语in the past → 提取过去事实（recycled plastic was cheap, fossil fuel plastic was more expensive）→ 同义替换为cheaper than using fossil fuel plastic

考点：时间定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于过去使用回收塑料制造塑料产品，文中说了什么？正确项：它比使用化石燃料塑料更便宜。

20. What has led to more competitive price for new plastic?
  1. A.The capacity to mass produce it.
  2. B.The U.S. federal government's regulations.
  3. C.A boom in market demand for clear plastic bottles.
  4. D.A rapid increase in U.S. petroleum chemical production.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位因果信号This is because of → 提取原因（a boom in petroleum chemical production from the U.S.）→ 同义替换为A rapid increase in U.S. petroleum chemical production

考点：因果定位同义替换

译文：题干：是什么导致新塑料的价格更具竞争力？正确项：美国石油化学品产量的快速增长。

21. What does the UK government plan to do about plastic?
  1. A.Require companies to use 30% of new plastic.
  2. B.Increase the supply of new plastic in the market.
  3. C.Reduce the amount of plastic pollution in local areas.
  4. D.Take measures to promote the use of recycled plastic.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位政府计划段落 → 识别‘tax companies which don't use at least 30% recycled plastic’与‘increase the quantity of recycled plastic’ → 同义替换为‘promote the use of recycled plastic’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：英国政府计划对塑料采取什么措施？正确项：采取措施促进再生塑料的使用。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

At the Dreamery, a business in Manhattan, naps are for sale. A 45-minute session in a darkened enclosure with peace and quiet costs $25. To be clear, this institution is no hotel. This is a nap joint. It sells the idea of the nap as much as the nap itself. Is a nap worth $25? The answer is obviously yes. Here, at this point in the argument, it's traditional for me to bring up all the studies that show the benefits of napping. But do you really need experts to tell you that? Just look at the world around you at 2:30 in the afternoon. I've been working from home for more than 10 years now. And the quality and quantity of work I can do emerges directly from my ability to concentrate. I don't understand how people have creative careers without napping. Every day at about 1 p.m., everyone faces the same choice: sleep until 2 p.m. and then work until 5, or daydream and drift around social media and attend pointless meetings until 7 p.m. The friends I have who still work in offices inform me their bosses insist that they take the second option, and that napping is associated with laziness. I genuinely find it odd. For if you nap properly, it's like waking up from a full night's sleep and you can double your day's worth of concentration. darkened enclosure with peace and quiet costs $25.

22. What do we learn about the Dreamery, a business in Manhattan?
  1. A.It studies dreams.
  2. B.It rents a place for nap-takers.
  3. C.It is a hotel for business people.
  4. D.It is a nap research institute.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Dreamery的描述 → 识别‘naps are for sale’与‘a nap joint’ → 同义替换为‘rents a place for nap-takers’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于曼哈顿的Dreamery这家企业，我们了解到什么？正确项：它为午睡者提供租赁场所。

23. Why does the speaker ask us to look at the world around us at 2:30 in the afternoon?
  1. A.To find out creative people's work performance.
  2. B.To see how many people can go without napping.
  3. C.To understand the obvious importance of napping.
  4. D.To feel how difficult it is to get his idea across.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘look at the world around you at 2:30’ → 结合前文‘Is a nap worth $25? The answer is obviously yes’ → 推断其意图是证明午睡的明显重要性

考点：推理判断上下文关联

译文：题干：为什么说话者让我们看看下午两点半周围的世界？正确项：为了理解午睡的明显重要性。

24. What do we learn about the quantity and quality of the speaker's work?
  1. A.They decline due to pointless meetings.
  2. B.They depend on his ability to concentrate.
  3. C.They enable him to enjoy a creative career.
  4. D.They are affected by the overuse of social media.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘the quality and quantity of work I can do emerges directly from my ability to concentrate’ → 直接匹配选项B

考点：细节定位原意复现

译文：题干：关于说话者工作的数量和质量，我们了解到什么？正确项：它们取决于他的专注能力。

25. What does the speaker say he finds odd?
  1. A.Some bosses associate napping with laziness.
  2. B.Many office workers nap during work hours.
  3. C.Some bosses can concentrate without napping.
  4. D.Many of his friends daydream in the office.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘I genuinely find it odd’ → 向前回溯指代对象‘their bosses insist that they take the second option, and that napping is associated with laziness’ → 匹配选项A

考点：指代回溯细节定位

译文：题干：说话者说他觉得什么很奇怪？正确项：一些老板将午睡与懒惰联系起来。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Whether you're just having a down day or a down period, taking a walk can instantly lift your mood, especially when you go outdoors. Not only can walking make you less depressed, but according to a new study, depression sufferers who took a [26] walk showed just as much improvement in their [27] as people taking medicine. In fact, 60-70 percent of the participants in the study could no longer even be [28] as depressed. Bone density may not be one of the most exciting health benefits of walking, but it's an important one. People with stronger bones avoid osteoporosis and all the problems that [29] with it, like breaks and other disabilities. And the best way to get strong, healthy bones is by doing weight-bearing exercises like running, dancing and walking, according to a large study. But as regards bones, it's [30] use it or lose it: To keep your bones strong you have to keep exercising. The researchers found that adults who walked regularly had better bone density throughout their lives than their [31] friends. Taking a walk can be great for [32] your head or blowing off some steam. It also provides a great opportunity to [33] with friends and family, far away from electronics and other [34] at home. Even better, you set a powerful example because when they see you [35] the benefits of walking, they'll be encouraged to walk more, too.

A. accompanyB. approvedC. bondD. classifiedE. clearingF. comeG. dailyH. definitelyI. distractionsJ. exclusivelyK. inactiveL. occurrencesM. reapingN. symptomsO. typical

参考答案与解析

答案：26-G　27-N　28-D　29-F　30-H　31-K　32-E　33-C　34-I　35-M

解析：26 空 定位空格前后的动词‘took a’与名词‘walk’ → 分析‘take a ... walk’的常见搭配与语境 → 结合‘depression sufferers’与‘showed just as much improvement’的语境，选择表示‘定期、规律’含义的词 → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑（与服药者对比）及上下文（抑郁改善） → 选择表示“心理健康/情绪状态”的抽象名词
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（研究参与者不再被‘诊断’为抑郁）→ 结合选项词义与搭配（be + 过去分词 + as）→ 选出最符合语境的动词过去分词
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（保持骨骼强壮需要持续锻炼）与固定搭配（use it or lose it） → 选择符合语境与搭配的动词
30 空 定位空格前后的固定搭配结构 → 识别 'it's ... use it or lose it' 为常见习语 → 结合语境 'as regards bones' 与 'To keep your bones strong' 的逻辑关系 → 确定空格处需填入表示条件或假设的连词 → 选择 'unless' 构成 'unless you use it or lose it' 符合 '要么用，要么废' 的逻辑
31 空 定位空格前动词take → 识别固定搭配take on → 结合语境‘与朋友家人相处’ → 选择表示‘相处’的动词
32 空 定位空格前介词for → 识别固定搭配for + doing → 结合语境‘理清思绪’ → 选择表示‘理清’的动名词
33 空 定位空格前介词from → 识别固定搭配far away from → 结合语境‘远离电子产品’ → 选择表示‘分心物’的名词
34 空 定位空格前动词see → 识别see sb do/doing结构 → 结合语境‘看到你___散步的好处’ → 选择表示‘体验/享受’的动词
35 空 定位空格前形容词better → 识别比较级结构 → 结合语境‘甚至更好’ → 选择表示‘更好’的形容词

考点：take a ... walk 搭配语境选词近义词辨析动词搭配use it or lose it 固定搭配动词不定式作表语固定搭配 use it or lose it条件状语从句连词 unlesstake on 搭配固定搭配熟词僻义非谓语动词比较级结构

译文：题干：抑郁患者进行一次______散步，其改善程度与服药者相当。正确项：regular（定期的）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AThe first thing you notice in the staircase to the fourth-floor studio on Canal Street in Manhattan, New York, is the measured thumping coming from behind a metal door. Just beyond the entrance, large lion masks were twisting and turning to the drum-beat. On a recent Friday evening, the teenagers made their way across the studio floor as they practiced Chinese lion dancing.
B"You want to play in a circle," Victor Fong, aged 24, told his students at the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club. "Take it slow and do it again." The dance group, made up of 60 members, performs throughout the year but was now preparing for its biggest events, Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, which will begin on Saturday and conclude on February 15. Teenagers comprise about half of the group, many of whom began lion dancing at the age of 14. About 100 current and past members of the dance group —which has been performing since 1956—will be among the 220 groups marching through Chinatown in Manhattan for the 18th Lunar New Year Parade on February 5.
CMr. Fong has been involved in the organization since he was 15 and began teaching lion dancing three years ago. But the club also acts as a recreation center and safe haven for teenagers, with video games readily available. As many as 20 students show up after school. "The basic requirement for hanging out here is you have to learn how to lion dance," Mr. Fong said. While that is not a formal requirement for being a member, everyone finds a way to participate in the Lunar New Year Parade, whether it's by dancing, carrying a flag or beating a drum.
DAlvin Chau, aged 26, is an environmental consultant by day and a lion dancer on weekends. He has been a club member for 10 years and joined because of an interest in lion dance. "We're a big family," he said, shaking hands with other members as they walked through the door. "You know everyone."
EIt is believed that the lion dance began in the third century. Stories vary about how lion dancing came to be, but most of them include a monster named Nian who would terrorize a village. The villagers finally banded together and scared the beast away with firecrackers and drums. While lions are not native to China, some versions of the story include the villagers creating a monster of their own in the shape of a lion to fight off the beast.
FToday, the dancers travel across Chinatown going from business to business to bring good luck for the coming year. The new year—according to the Chinese lunar calendar—will begin on Saturday and marks the Year of the Rooster , which is thought to be a symbol of positivity. "It's almost like the dark night is ending and the sun is coming up," said Ya Yung Teng, the digital collections coordinator for the Museum of Chinese in America. "It's hopeful that we're going to have a new day." Roosters and chickens are not particularly strong creatures, Ms. Teng said, but they are numerous. "In a way," she said, the rooster "stands for 'We the People.'"
GThe lion head and tail are operated by two people. As one person controls the head, a second follows under a train of fabric representing the body. The dancers move in harmony as they imitate the animal's natural movements in the wild, including the aggressiveness of an attack. A lion head figure weighs under 10 pounds and sits squarely on the dancer's shoulders. Inside, the dancer manipulates strings that open and close the lion's eyes, shake its ears and open its mouth to reveal a fire-orange tongue.
H"A good lion dancer will imitate a living creature," said Karlin Chan, aged 59, who heads the athletic club's community public relations. "I started lion dancing when I was a kid," he said. "Chinatown was much smaller then and it was a celebration with fireworks and firecrackers, which added a lot of flavor and meaning to it."
IMr. Chan buys a new lion head each year when he travels to China. A head costs about $1,500. "If you want the good stuff, the quality, you have to see it for yourself," he said. "I'll inspect the product before we put it in the container and ship it over." Mr. Chan, who has been involved with the club for nearly 50 years, said that passing the dance from one generation to the next was vital. "You need to pass on the traditions and the culture, and this is a part of our culture," he said. "It's a great way to promote cultural understanding and exchange; we welcome that."
JFor Sara Pore, aged 17, another club member, lion dance is more than just tradition; it provides a creative outlet. "Lion dancing started 2,000 years ago—that's incredible," she said. "But what makes you a competent lion dancer is that there's a sense of imagination involved. Lion dancing teaches competence in leadership because of this. You're constantly forced to push yourself past your limit."
KBack at rehearsal , Just in Le, aged 18, tied a red ribbon around his waist to practice jumping. The dancers use the ribbons to pull themselves up over their partners' heads. The room's ceilings are too low to wear the lion heads for jumping practice, so once up on his partner's head, Mr. Le held out his arms as if in offering.
LMr. Le comes by the dance as a legacy . "I was born into it," Mr. Le said, noting that his uncle and father were club members. "Growing up, I would always watch my family and see the lion dance, and I slowly grew interested in it." By the age of 14, he was fully enrolled in the athletic club's lion dance group. "I value my culture and tradition, being Chinese or Asian-American. I have a lot of pride in that," he said. "I want to contribute and give back to the community."
1. The lion dancers perform from door to door to bring New Year wishes to business people. （F）
2. The New York dance club also serves as a place for entertainment where youngsters can enjoy themselves safely. （C）
3. Lion dancers need to have a little imagination to perform well. （J）
4. There are a number of different versions about the origin of the lion dance. （E）
5. Some 50% of the members of a New York lion dance club are teenagers. （B）
6. One club member says he feels proud of his cultural tradition. （L）
7. Two dancers coordinate their movements, one manipulating the lion's head and the other its body. （G）
8. One lion dancer compares their New York dance club to a family. （D）
9. Lion dance should be handed down to future generations as part of Chinese culture. （I）
10. One lion dancer learned how to perform from his elders. （L）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-F　2-C　3-J　4-E　5-B　6-L　7-G　8-D　9-I　10-L

解析：36. 定位段落C中‘acts as a recreation center and safe haven for teenagers’ → 同义替换为‘place for entertainment where youngsters can enjoy themselves safely’ → 得出答案C
37. 定位段落C中‘acts as a recreation center and safe haven for teenagers, with video games readily available’ → 同义替换为‘place for entertainment where youngsters can enjoy themselves safely’ → 得出答案C
38. 定位段落J中关于舞狮需要想象力的描述 → 同义替换为‘need to have a little imagination to perform well’ → 得出答案J
39. 定位段落E中关于舞狮起源有不同版本的描述 → 同义替换为‘There are a number of different versions about the origin of the lion dance’ → 得出答案E
40. 定位段落B中‘Teenagers comprise about half of the group’ → 同义替换为‘Some 50% of the members... are teenagers’ → 得出答案B
41. 定位题干关键词 'proud of his cultural tradition' → 在段落[D]中找到对应表述 'proud of my Chinese heritage' → 得出答案
42. 定位题干关键词 'two dancers coordinate' 'head' 'body' → 在段落[G]中找到对应描述 'one person controls the head, the other the body' → 得出答案
43. 定位题干关键词 'compares' 'club' 'family' → 在段落[D]中找到对应表述 'It's like a family' → 得出答案
44. 定位题干关键词 'handed down' 'future generations' 'Chinese culture' → 在段落[I]中找到对应表述 'pass it on to the next generation' → 得出答案
45. 定位题干关键词 'learned' 'from his elders' → 在段落[L]中找到对应表述 'learned from my father and uncles' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：舞狮者挨家挨户表演，为商人们带来新年祝福。正确项C：这个纽约舞狮俱乐部也作为一个娱乐场所，年轻人可以在这里安全地玩乐。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Team-building exercises have become popular for managers trying to increase organisational and team harmony and productivity. Unfortunately many employees resent compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance. A paper published this week by University of Sydney researchers in Social Networks has reported participants' feelings about team-building interventions , revealing ethical implications in forcing employees to take part. "Many people see team-building activities as a waste of time, so we decided to look in more depth at what's behind this," said the paper's lead researcher, Dr. Peter Matous. "Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?" said Dr. Matous. The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive, although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep, effective connections with colleagues. "Some participants were against team-building exercises because they were implicitly compulsory. They didn't welcome management's interest in their lives beyond their direct work performance," said Matous. "Many people don't want to be forced into having fun or making friends, especially not on top of their busy jobs. They feel management is being too nosy or trying to control their lives too much." In this study the researchers recommended a self-disclosure approach where participants were guided through a series of questions that allowed them to increasingly disclose personal information and values. The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary. The researchers said there are numerous schools of thought that propose differing psychological methods for strengthening relationships. "With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organisations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships," said Dr. Matous.

46. Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises?
  1. A.They consider such exercises annoying.
  2. B.They deem these exercises counter-productive.
  3. C.They see such exercises as harmful to harmony.
  4. D.They find these exercises too demanding.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'opposed' → 在语篇中找到同义表达 'resent' 和 'regard as a nuisance' → 匹配选项 A 'annoying' 的同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么许多员工反对团队建设活动？正确项：他们认为这类活动很烦人。

47. What did Dr. Matous and his team do to find out whether team-building activities would improve productivity?
  1. A.They relocated team leaders and their offices.
  2. B.They rearranged the staff and office spaces.
  3. C.They redesigned the staff's work schedules.
  4. D.They reintroduced some cohesive activities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'Dr. Matous and his team do' → 在语篇中找到 'Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned' → 匹配选项 B 的同义改写 'rearranged the staff and office spaces'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：Matous 博士和他的团队做了什么来查明团队建设活动是否能提高生产力？正确项：他们重新安排了员工和办公空间。

48. What did the study by Matous' team find about some team-building exercises?
  1. A.They were intended to share personal attitudes and relationships.
  2. B.They implicitly added to the vulnerability of team members.
  3. C.They invariably strengthened connections among colleagues.
  4. D.They were regarded as an intrusion into employees' private lives.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'study...find' → 在语篇中找到 'considered too heavy-handed and intrusive' → 匹配选项 D 'regarded as an intrusion' 的同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Matous 团队的研究发现一些团队建设活动怎么样？正确项：它们被视为对员工隐私的侵入。

49. How can the self-disclosure approach succeed in increasing interpersonal closeness?
  1. A.By allowing participants freedom to express themselves.
  2. B.By applying it to employees who volunteer to participate.
  3. C.By arranging in proper order the questions participants face.
  4. D.By guiding employees through a series of steps in team building.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'self-disclosure approach...succeed' → 在语篇中找到 'to be successful it must be voluntary' → 匹配选项 B 'employees who volunteer to participate' 的同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：自我披露方法如何成功增进人际亲密关系？正确项：通过将其应用于自愿参与的员工。

50. What does Matous think of the various psychological methods borrowed from other fields for strengthening relationships?
  1. A.They must be used in combination for an entire collective.
  2. B.They prioritise some psychological aspects over others.
  3. C.They place too much stress on individual relationships.
  4. D.They have to be applied cautiously to be effective.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'Matous think...borrowed from other fields' → 在语篇中找到 'With caution, many relational methods...can be borrowed' → 匹配选项 D 'applied cautiously to be effective' 的同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Matous 如何看待从其他领域借鉴的各种用于加强关系的心理学方法？正确项：它们必须谨慎应用才能有效。

There are close to 58,000 homeless people in Los Angeles county. That's a shocking and tragic number for a region that's home to some of the richest people in the world. At last, the problem became so acute—and so visible—that Los Angeles took extraordinary action. The citizens of this county voted in November 2016 and again in March 2017 to raise their own taxes. The purpose of such action is to fund an enormous multibillion- dollar, 10-year program of housing and social services for the homeless. As a result, Los Angeles now has its best chance in decades to combat homelessness. This is an opportunity that surely all can agree must not be wasted. It is neither desirable nor morally acceptable nor practical for this county to tolerate the signs of deprivation more commonly associated with the slums( ) of Rio de Janiero. How did we get here? For as long as there are homeless people, there is a tendency to blame the victims themselves for their condition—to see their failure to thrive as an issue of character, of moral weakness, of laziness. But contrary to popular belief, the homeless in Los Angeles are not mostly mentally ill or drug addicted or frightening, although a sizable minority meet some of those descriptions. Today, a greater and greater proportion of people living on the streets are there because of bad luck or a series of mistakes, or because the economy forgot them—they lost a job or were evicted or fled an abusive marriage just as the housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving. The challenges are enormous, even if everyone is pulling in the same direction. That reality was driven home this month by a new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report showing that the county's homeless population is growing faster than the supply of new housing. In the world's richest nation, homelessness on this scale should be shameful and shocking. But most Los Angeles residents are no longer either shocked or shamed. Increasingly, we are uncomfortable, annoyed, disgusted, scared or unaware. Compassion is being replaced by resignation.

51. Why did the citizens of Los Angeles vote to raise their own taxes?
  1. A.To combat the county's homelessness.
  2. B.To reform the county's service system.
  3. C.To fund the development of local infrastructure.
  4. D.To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'raise their own taxes' → 定位到语篇中 'The purpose of such action is to fund... for the homeless' → 同义替换 'fund... for the homeless' 为 'combat the county's homelessness' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：洛杉矶市民为何投票提高自己的税收？正确项：为了对抗该县的无家可归问题。

52. What do people tend to believe about the homeless?
  1. A.They seldom meet the descriptions of homelessness.
  2. B.They are the victims of fast economic development.
  3. C.They are responsible for their own condition.
  4. D.They account for the majority of drug addicts.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'tend to believe' → 定位到语篇中 'there is a tendency to blame the victims themselves for their condition' → 同义替换 'blame the victims themselves' 为 'responsible for their own condition' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：人们倾向于相信无家可归者什么？正确项：他们对自己的处境负有责任。

53. What is one of the causes for more and more people in Los Angeles to become homeless?
  1. A.They find it increasingly difficult to afford a place to live.
  2. B.The divorce rate in the county has been on a steady rise.
  3. C.They have been compelled to take low-paying jobs.
  4. D.The society fails to forgive them for their mistakes.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'causes' → 定位到语篇中 'the housing market was growing increasingly unforgiving' → 推理 'unforgiving housing market' 意味着住房成本高、难以负担 → 同义替换为 'increasingly difficult to afford a place to live' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：洛杉矶越来越多的人无家可归的原因之一是什么？正确项：他们发现越来越难以负担一个住处。

54. What do we learn from the new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report?
  1. A.Supplying enough job opportunities for the homeless remains a challenge.
  2. B.Everyone is pulling in the same direction to solve the homelessness problem.
  3. C.The increase in new housing falls short of the demand of the growing homeless population.
  4. D.Los Angeles' homeless condition is deteriorating faster than many people predict.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'new Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report' → 定位到语篇中 'showing that the county's homeless population is growing faster than the supply of new housing' → 同义替换为 'The increase in new housing falls short of the demand' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们从洛杉矶无家可归者服务管理局的新报告中了解到什么？正确项：新住房的供应增长无法满足无家可归者的需求。

55. How do most Los Angeles residents now feel about homelessness?
  1. A.They are increasingly ashamed about its scale.
  2. B.They find it no more scaring than it appears.
  3. C.They are less and less indifferent to it.
  4. D.They no longer find it shocking.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'most Los Angeles residents now feel' → 定位到语篇中 'most Los Angeles residents are no longer either shocked or shamed' → 同义替换 'no longer shocked' 为 'no longer find it shocking' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：大多数洛杉矶居民现在对无家可归问题有何感受？正确项：他们不再觉得这令人震惊。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: Suppose the student union of your university is organizing an online discussion on college students doing community service. You are to write an essay on its benefits and the service you can provide to the community. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

These days, more and more college students are getting involved in community service. In my view, this is a meaningful practice that benefits both the community and ourselves. Community service brings benefits to both society and the people who offer it. On the one hand, it warms our neighborhood: by visiting lonely elderly people or helping local children with their studies, we deliver real care to those in need. On the other hand, it shapes us as individuals, since serving others trains our communication skills and sense of responsibility. As for me, the service I can provide is teaching English. Being good at this subject, I plan to offer free English lessons to children in my community every weekend, so that they can enjoy learning and grow with confidence. In short, doing community service is well worth our effort, as it helps others and improves ourselves at the same time. I sincerely hope that more of us will step out and act.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

中国政府一直大力推行义务教育(compulsory education) ,以使每个儿童都享有受教育的机会。自1986年《义务教育法》生效以来,经过不懈努力,实现了在全国推行义务教育的目标。如今,在中国, 儿童年满六周岁开始上小学, 从小学到初中一共接受九年义务教育。从2008年秋季学期开始, 义务教育阶段学生无须缴纳学费。随着一系列教育改革举措的实施, 中国义务教育的质量也有显著提高。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

The Chinese government has been vigorously promoting compulsory education so that every child can have access to education. Since the Compulsory Education Law came into effect in 1986, China has, through unremitting efforts, achieved the goal of making compulsory education available nationwide. Today in China, children start primary school at the age of six and receive a total of nine years of compulsory education from primary school to junior high school. Since the autumn semester of 2008, students in the compulsory education stage have no longer had to pay tuition fees. With the implementation of a series of educational reform measures, the quality of compulsory education in China has also improved significantly.

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