2023年03月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2023年03月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2023 年 · 3月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

African leaders plan to turn the continent into a continent without borders. They will introduce a single passport policy, allowing free movement between countries. The idea from the African Union has been modeled on the EU Schengen free movement deal. Europe has abolished many internal borders. This enables visa-free movement across the continent. Currently, 13 African countries have visa-free deals in place with each other. These allow citizens to visit another country without a visa. Some countries offer visas on arrival. In contrast, Americans are able to travel to 20 of the continent's countries without a visa, or secure a visa on arrival. The African Union, which represents 54 states, wants to abolish the requirement of a visa for Africans visiting other African countries. It also wants to establish a free trade deal across the continent in the near future, as trade within the African continent costs more than any other region. introduce a single passport policy, allowing free movement between countries.

1. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.A proposed policy allowing Africans to travel in Africa without a visa.
  2. B.An agreement among 13 African countries to set up a free-trade zone.
  3. C.A plan to invite all African countries to join the African Union.
  4. D.An important initiative to permit tourists to visit Africa without a visa.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首句核心信息 → 识别同义替换（continent without borders ↔ travel without a visa） → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意同义改写

译文：题干：这则新闻报道主要关于什么？正确项：一项允许非洲人在非洲境内免签旅行的提议政策。

2. What benefit will a free trade deal bring to African economy?
  1. A.It will attract more investments from all over the world.
  2. B.It will help many African countries reduce trade deficits.
  3. C.It will reduce the cost of trade between African countries.
  4. D.It will allow Africans to play a bigger role in world trade.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位因果逻辑词（as） → 识别同义替换（costs more ↔ reduce the cost） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果逻辑同义改写

译文：题干：自由贸易协定将给非洲经济带来什么好处？正确项：它将降低非洲国家之间的贸易成本。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Researchers in Iceland found a new way of tackling climate change by pumping carbon dioxide underground and turning it into stone. Other carbon capture and storage methods store carbon dioxide as a gas. But problems include a high cost and concern about leaks. This new method of burying carbon dioxide and turning it into stone is cheaper and more secure, the Guardian reports. To turn carbon dioxide into stone, researchers with the CarbFix project pumped the gas into volcanic rock and sped up the natural process, in which the volcanic rock reacts with gas and forms carbon minerals. The gas turned into solid in just two years, much faster than the hundreds or thousands of years researchers had predicted. The research took place at Iceland's Hellisheidi power plant. Already, the project in Iceland has been increased in scale to bury 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide each year. One potential difficulty is that for each ton of carbon dioxide buried, the technique requires 25 tons of water. However, the lead researcher said sea water could be used. dioxide underground and turning it into stone.

3. What new method has been developed to help fight climate change?
  1. A.Cooling down volcanic rock with sea water.
  2. B.Storing carbon dioxide underground as a gas.
  3. C.Capturing carbon dioxide and burying it under the sea.
  4. D.Pumping carbon dioxide underground to form stone.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位核心方法描述 → 识别同义替换（pumping...underground and turning it into stone ↔ pumping...underground to form stone） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：为应对气候变化，开发了什么新方法？正确项：将二氧化碳泵入地下形成石头。

4. What is a potential difficulty in applying the new technique?
  1. A.Lack of burying ground.
  2. B.Long time for processing.
  3. C.High consumption of water.
  4. D.Enormous cost of energy.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位信号词（One potential difficulty） → 识别同义替换（requires 25 tons of water ↔ High consumption of water） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信号词捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：应用这项新技术的一个潜在困难是什么？正确项：高耗水量。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

People in France are keeping away from the narrow French stick loaf in favour of healthier, cheaper options, a millers' association has said. The National Association of French Millers says bread consumption is on the decline, with French people eating nine grams less than in the previous year. The association is concerned about the effects this trend will have on their trade and suggests three reasons why it is happening. Firstly, the association cited changing diets, in particular, the switch to those low in calories, as a factor in the reduction of bread consumption. This could explain why the difference in consumption between genders is so big. Nowadays, men eat an approximate average of 140 grams of bread daily, whereas women eat 80 to 90 grams. The second reason they say is lifestyle changes in the country, with people dedicating less time to breakfast when bread would traditionally be eaten with butter and jam. Finally, the rising cost of bread is considered to be a factor, with the price of a French stick loaf increasing by nearly 25% in the last 10 years. French people eating nine grams less than in the previous year. It varies with the seasons.

5. What does the news report say about French people's bread consumption?
  1. A.It varies with the seasons.
  2. B.It has been on the decline.
  3. C.It has caused nationwide concern.
  4. D.It is ninety grams daily on average.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位核心事实陈述 → 识别同义替换（on the decline ↔ has been on the decline） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：新闻报道关于法国人的面包消费说了什么？正确项：它一直在下降。

6. What do we learn about French women from their port?
  1. A.They emphasize food variety.
  2. B.They prefer French stick loaves.
  3. C.They do more cooking than men.
  4. D.They favor diets lower in calories.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位性别差异原因 → 同义替换 low in calories → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：从法国女性的饮食习惯中我们能了解到什么？正确项：她们偏好低热量的饮食。

7. What is said about lifestyle changes of the French people?
  1. A.They bake more bread at home.
  2. B.They spend less time eating breakfast.
  3. C.They eat more fruit than they used to.
  4. D.They put jam instead of butter on bread. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位生活方式变化 → 同义替换 dedicating less time to breakfast → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：关于法国人的生活方式变化，录音说了什么？正确项：他们花更少的时间吃早餐。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Next, please. M: Yes, I'd like to book two train tickets to London tomorrow morning, please. W: Okay. What time would you like to go? M: Well, after the rush hour, I think. We'd like to avoid the crowds if possible. So, probably sometime around 10 o'clock. W: No problem. Just give me a minute. There's one here at 9:47, then one at 10:12, and then a third at 10:26. M: The one at 10:12 sounds good. W: All right. Would you like to sit in first or second class? M: Second class is fine. Thanks. Is there any chance we could have a window seat for one of those?

8. When would the man like to leave for London?
  1. A.After the rush hour.
  2. B.Early in the morning.
  3. C.As soon as possible.
  4. D.Around lunch time.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位出发时间偏好 → 同义替换 after the rush hour → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：男士希望什么时候出发去伦敦？正确项：在高峰时段之后。

9. What is the man's other request?
  1. A.Two first class seats.
  2. B.Two seats together.
  3. C.One window seat.
  4. D.One seat near the exit.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 other request 信号 → 捕捉 window seat → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信号词捕捉

译文：题干：男士的另一个请求是什么？正确项：一个靠窗的座位。

10. Where should the man wait for the train?
  1. A.In the middle of the platform.
  2. B.At the far end of the platform.
  3. C.Behind the yellow line.
  4. D.In the waiting room.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位等待地点指令 → 同义替换 at the far end of the platform → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：男士应该在哪里等火车？正确项：在站台的远端。

11. What should the man do to collect the bicycles?
  1. A.Wait in a queue for his turn.
  2. B.Go to the baggage claim area.
  3. C.Pay an extra fee for the service.
  4. D.Give the ticket to the train guard.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士询问自行车安排 → 听取女士描述流程（在站台尽头等待，告知列车员，到达后交票取车） → 匹配选项D的同义替换

考点：细节定位流程理解同义替换

译文：题干：男士应该如何取回自行车？正确项：把票交给列车员。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Good morning. Our guest today is Karen Brook. Karen is the managing director of Cube Movie Theater, located on Underhill Road. Thank you for coming, Karen.

12. What do we learn about hat factories in Britain?
  1. A.Almost all of them were operating at a deficit.
  2. B.They have all been turned into movie theatres.
  3. C.Nearly all of them closed down decades ago.
  4. D.They have adapted to meet fashion changes.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关于英国帽厂的描述 → 听取‘直到1950年代左右’、‘几乎所有工厂都不得不关闭’ → 推断出‘几十年前关闭’的结论

考点：细节定位时间推断同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到关于英国帽厂的什么信息？正确项：它们几乎都在几十年前关闭了。

13. What is special about Cube Movie Theater?
  1. A.It shows foreign movies exclusively.
  2. B.It shows movies from the 1950s.
  3. C.It is the oldest theatre in London.
  4. D.It is located next to a hat factory.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士询问影院特别之处 → 听取女士回答‘全国唯一只放映外语电影的影院’ → 匹配选项A的同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Cube电影院有什么特别之处？正确项：它只放映外语电影。

14. What does the man say about most people in London?
  1. A.They wear hats on social occasions.
  2. B.They don't speak foreign languages.
  3. C.They enjoy watching foreign movies.
  4. D.They don't go to movie theatres often.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士对伦敦人的看法 → 听取男士说‘我想大多数伦敦人不会说外语’ → 匹配选项B

考点：细节定位观点捕捉

译文：题干：男士对伦敦大多数人有什么看法？正确项：他们不会说外语。

15. What does the woman say about foreign movies shown in London?
  1. A.They are meant mostly for immigrants.
  2. B.They attract large crowds of young Londoners.
  3. C.They are hard for English people to appreciate.
  4. D.They have an English translation on the screen. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士关于外语电影的补充说明 → 听取‘所有电影屏幕底部都有英文字幕’ → 匹配选项D的同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士对伦敦放映的外语电影有什么说法？正确项：它们屏幕上有英文翻译。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Love them or hate them, smartphones have become an integral part of our daily lives. But should they be left outside the classroom? Nick Gibb, Minister for School Standards in England, believes schools should ban their pupils from bringing in smartphones. Astrid Natley, a secondary school math teacher, incorporates phones into her classroom. "My school doesn't have money for tablets," she says. "When students use their phones for research, they learn they have a powerful tool in their hands. If we stop children using phones, we're rejecting something they care about." Meanwhile, Helen Lockhart, a registered nurse working for community education, supports a complete ban. "I'm banned from mobile use at work, and my phone must be handed in. If I'm caught with it in my pocket, I will be subject to disciplinary procedure, which will impact on my career. We need to teach children how to behave like the professionals they are striving to become." Richard Stone, an English teacher, thinks there should be a clear separation between school and home. "Students should do things differently in the two environments. Children are getting more than enough screen time in their lives without the need to bring their phone into the classroom. The internet is too easy and too unreliable a research tool, so let's leave phones and laptops at home, and show them a different world in their lessons—one of books and pens," he says.

16. What do we learn about Astrid Natley, a secondary school math teacher?
  1. A.She doesn't think smartphones can replace tablets.
  2. B.She incorporates smartphones into her teaching.
  3. C.She cannot stop children using smartphones.
  4. D.She regards smartphones as a distraction.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Astrid Natley段落 → 识别其行为描述incorporates phones into her classroom → 同义替换为incorporates smartphones into her teaching

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于中学数学老师Astrid Natley，我们了解到什么？正确项：她将智能手机融入教学中。

17. Why does Helen Lockhart, a registered nurse, support a complete ban on smartphone use in the classroom?
  1. A.To enforce school discipline.
  2. B.To make students concentrate.
  3. C.To help children grow up to be professionals.
  4. D.To cultivate children's good study habits.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Helen Lockhart段落 → 识别其支持禁令的理由 → 推断其核心目的是培养职业行为规范

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：为什么注册护士Helen Lockhart支持在课堂上完全禁止使用智能手机？正确项：为了帮助孩子们成长为专业人士。

18. What should students do in the classroom according to Richard Stone, an English teacher?
  1. A.Use books and pens only.
  2. B.Cut down their screen time.
  3. C.Make full use of electronic devices.
  4. D.Learn to use the internet for research.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Richard Stone段落 → 识别其核心主张leave phones and laptops at home → 同义替换为Use books and pens only

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据英语老师Richard Stone的观点，学生在课堂上应该做什么？正确项：只使用书本和笔。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Kate, a six-year-old girl, helped her brother wash windows to get a reward promised by her mother, a purple doll that she wanted. She watched her mother order the doll online. The next day Kate asked if she could check the shipping status, so her mom clicked on the web page and then walked out of the room. Kate saw that her doll would be arriving the next afternoon, but then she noticed something else, suggestions about other dolls and toys she could order. 15 minutes and a few clicks later, with more than $350 worth of dolls in her cart, Kate placed the order and ran off to play. The next day, while checking on another online order, her mother noticed a long list of dolls on the way. She was able to cancel two of them, but it was too late to cancel the rest. She told her daughter that they were going to be returned. When the packages arrived, Kate wanted to open them, but her parents said no. Instead of sending back the dolls, her father suggested giving them to the local children's hospital. So the next week, Kate's family loaded up their car and took all the dolls to the playroom at the children's hospital. Kate was depressed at first, but then she sat with some girl patients and they opened up all the boxes together, laughing and playing. She had a lot of fun and learned a really good lesson. mother, a purple doll that she wanted.

19. How did Kate earn the reward from her mother?
  1. A.By cleaning the kitchen floor.
  2. B.By looking after her baby brother.
  3. C.By helping her mother do the dishes.
  4. D.By helping her brother wash windows.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位故事开头 → 识别Kate获得奖励的前提条件 → 直接匹配helped her brother wash windows

考点：细节定位直接匹配

译文：题干：Kate是如何从母亲那里获得奖励的？正确项：通过帮哥哥洗窗户。

20. What did Kate do after her mother left the room?
  1. A.She ordered a large number of dolls.
  2. B.She checked if a purple doll was ordered.
  3. C.She mistakenly canceled her mom's order.
  4. D.She ordered a more expensive doll instead.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Kate母亲离开房间后的段落 → 识别Kate的后续行为 → 推断其下单行为的规模

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：Kate在母亲离开房间后做了什么？正确项：她订购了大量的玩偶。

21. What did Kate's family do after the packages arrived?
  1. A.They asked the children's hospital to pick them.
  2. B.They took all of them to the children's hospital.
  3. C.They opened all of them one by one.
  4. D.They discussed where to keep them.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键句 'Kate's family loaded up their car and took all the dolls to the playroom at the children's hospital' → 同义替换为 'took all of them to the children's hospital' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：包裹到达后，凯特的家人做了什么？正确项：他们把所有包裹都送到了儿童医院。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Can the date you were born affect how successful your life is? According to recent research done in Australia, the answer is yes. The researchers found that the time when a person starts school has an enduring impact on their lives. Those who are relatively old, compared to their classmates, have certain advantages over them. Previous research has found older students achieve better results. They are also more likely to attend university and become professional athletes, chief executives and even important politicians. But the Australian researchers wanted to discover what was driving these differences. They suspected older, more mature students obtained more self-confidence than their peers because they achieved better grades. To test this out, they conducted two studies. One was with high school students and the other with more than a thousand Australian adults, age between 24 and 60 years old. In the first study more than 600 high school students were surveyed about their tendency to take risks and feel confident. In the second study, those born on both sides of the cutoff date for starting school were asked to complete online math questions and rate their performance. They were also asked about the risks they took while riding bicycles and managing their finances. The researchers found that older students displayed greater risk-taking tendencies. While risk-taking can be considered a negative attribute, it's also a characteristic of successful people, including athletes, political leaders and entrepreneurs. their lives.

22. According to recent research conducted in Australia, what has a lasting impact on one's life?
  1. A.The time one starts school.
  2. B.The classroom atmosphere.
  3. C.The school that one attends.
  4. D.The relationship with classmates.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键句 'the time when a person starts school has an enduring impact on their lives' → 同义替换为 'The time one starts school' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：根据澳大利亚最近的研究，什么对一个人的生活有持久影响？正确项：一个人开始上学的时间。

23. What was the purpose of the Australian research?
  1. A.To help parents decide when to send their children to school.
  2. B.To find causes for differences in the participants' performance.
  3. C.To identify students having potential to be professional athletes.
  4. D.To offer constructive suggestions for making educational policies.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键句 'But the Australian researchers wanted to discover what was driving these differences' → 同义替换为 'To find causes for differences in the participants' performance' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：澳大利亚研究的目的是什么？正确项：找出参与者表现差异的原因。

24. Who were the participants in the researchers' first study?
  1. A.Political leaders.
  2. B.Financial analysts.
  3. C.Professional athletes.
  4. D.High-school students.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'In the first study more than 600 high school students were surveyed' → 同义替换为 'High-school students' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：研究人员第一项研究的参与者是谁？正确项：高中生。

25. According to the researchers, what is one characteristic of successful people?
  1. A.Leadership ability.
  2. B.Commitment to work.
  3. C.Risk-taking.
  4. D.Self-confidence.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键句 'it's also a characteristic of successful people' → 指代前文 'risk-taking' → 同义替换为 'Risk-taking' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉指代衔接

译文：题干：根据研究人员，成功人士的一个特征是什么？正确项：冒险精神。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

It's a fantasy that goes back centuries: a message in a bottle, carried ashore from far-off lands. Authors, artists and children [26] have dreamed of such a gift from the sea. This time, though, it's not a bottle that washes ashore. It's eggs—thousands of little toy eggs. That's what happened on the German island of Langeoog this week. Lying just off the North Sea coast, it found itself [27] by an invasion of colored plastic eggs—much to the [28] of local children, because the eggs contained toys. Police [29] the eggs came from a freighter that lost part of its cargo during an unusually [30] storm, the worst to hit Germany's northeastern coast since 2006. At any rate, what was lost has now been found by many of the community's littlest residents. "The surprise eggs have found their way to freedom," said Mayor Uwe Garrels. However, the joy of the moment [31] off soon. "At first I thought this was a wonder, because everything was so [32] , but then we realized that this is a huge [33] in the end," said the mayor. He also noted the plastic bags and other materials that have washed ashore on the island can cause serious problems for [34] . Still, all these little eggs contained an extra treat with their toys. They [35] notes from afar. There was just one problem for the German children who received them: They were written in Russian.

A. woreB. wildlifeC. suspectD. struckE. similarF. quantityG. overthrownH. messI. intenseJ. humanK. effectiveL. delightM. colorfulN. boreO. alike

参考答案与解析

答案：26-O　27-D　28-L　29-C　30-I　31-A　32-M　33-H　34-B　35-N

解析：26 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句子主干（Authors, artists and children ___ have dreamed...）与上下文逻辑（描述一种跨越世纪的幻想） → 识别空格处需一个表示“普遍性”或“群体性”的副词 → 辨析选项词义与语境匹配度 → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句子主语（German island of Langeoog）与谓语（found itself）的逻辑关系 → 结合后文“by an invasion”判断需要被动语态的过去分词 → 辨析选项词义与搭配 → 得出答案
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑（塑料蛋的入侵对当地孩子的影响） → 结合后文“because the eggs contained toys”推断情感 → 从选项中选择表示积极情感的名词
29 空 定位空格所在句（描述市长对事件的评价）→ 分析上下文逻辑（从‘wonder’到‘huge ___’的转折）→ 识别‘in the end’暗示的最终负面结果 → 选择表示‘问题/麻烦’的名词
30 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（描述风暴的性质）→ 结合后文‘worst to hit... since 2006’推断风暴强度 → 选择表示‘猛烈’的形容词
31 空 根据上下文‘found itself ___ by an invasion’及‘invasion’的被动语态，推断需要表示‘被…侵袭/覆盖’的动词过去分词 → 结合‘take on’的被动形式‘taken on’不符合语境，而‘taken over’（被接管/占据）符合‘被大量塑料蛋占据’的语义 → 得出答案
32 空 根据‘much to the ___ of local children, because the eggs contained toys’推断，此处需表达‘高兴、喜悦’的名词 → 对比选项中表示情感的名词，‘delight’（喜悦）符合语境 → 得出答案
33 空 根据‘Police ___ the eggs came from a freighter’推断，此处需一个表示‘声称、断言’的动词，且后接宾语从句 → ‘claim’（声称）符合警方发布信息的语境 → 得出答案
34 空 根据‘the worst to hit Germany's northeastern coast since 2006’及‘unusually ___ storm’推断，此处需一个表示‘强烈、严重’的形容词修饰storm → ‘severe’（严重的）符合描述恶劣天气的语境 → 得出答案
35 空 根据‘They ___ notes from afar’及前文‘message in a bottle’的比喻，推断此处需表示‘携带、包含’的动词 → ‘contained’（包含）符合‘蛋里装着纸条’的语义 → 得出答案

考点：语境选词近义词辨析被动语态动词搭配 take over熟词僻义

译文：题干：作者、艺术家和孩子们______都梦想过这样一份来自大海的礼物。正确项O：all（都，全部）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

ACongratulations on deciding to get married! While being married is great and wonderful, the act of getting married can be quite stressful. There is the planning of the ceremony itself, the merging( ) of two households and all of the details involved in that. You also have to take the time to apply for your marriage license and then decide whether or not you are going to keep your last name or change it.
BThis is where a lot of people have trouble. Once upon a time, it was just customary for a bride to take her groom's last name as her own and abandon her maiden name completely. The act of keeping her own last name was considered taboo and people's eyebrows would raise right off their faces when they found out that the bride was even considering something so radical. Over time, though, more and more women are deciding to keep their last names.
CThere are a lot of reasons to want to keep your own last name. Hopefully you have a supportive groom who understands why this idea is the most appealing to you. A lot of times, though, the act of keeping your name is still something that causes concern. Even if your groom is fine with it, his family (or your own) might not be so understanding.
DThere are a couple of ways to compromise on the issue. You could choose an entirely new last name for the two of you to share. This way neither of you gets "your" way and you both have to deal with the legalities of going through a name change. Most of the time, though, the most popular compromise is to hyphenate your last name and the last name of your groom. For example, if your groom's name is John Smith and your name is Kate Jones, you would name yourself Kate Jones-Smith or Kate Smith-Jones. This allows you to keep going by your own last name while legally adopting your husband's last name at the same time.
EThe compromise is the biggest reason that so many women choose to hyphenate their last names. It is a way of you keeping your own identity while also making your future husband happy. It allows you to stay connected to accomplishments that you achieved before you got married. For example, many women who choose to hyphenate do so partially because they have earned higher educational degrees and certifications under their maiden names. They might have also had things published or publicized and want to stay connected to that identity. Hyphenating your last name can help you bridge the gap between your personal and professional lives. Many women who opt to simply keep their own names do so because they don't want to give up all that they have accomplished professionally. Adopting their husband's last name makes it hard for them to claim ownership of these accomplishments personally because they happened under their "other" name.
FWhile tradition is one thing, there isn't any logical reason to completely change your name. Keeping your name and joining it to your husband's through hyphenation is as legal as simply adopting his name or as simply keeping your own and leaving his out of the picture entirely.
GProbably the most important reason to consider hyphenation is your identity. You've spent your whole life building your identity under a certain name. Obviously you will still be you even if you've taken on your husband's last name and omitted yours entirely. At the same time, your name is associated with the identity you've built up and hyphenation allows you to respect that while also respecting tradition and your husband's family's identity.
HIf you care about outside opinions on your name, you should know that a large portion of today's society is annoyed by the hyphenated name. Some people find it "snobby" and others simply find it irritating because they have a hard time remembering which last name they are supposed to say first. Some people even believe that not simply adopting your husband's last name is a huge sign of disrespect and a lack of commitment.
IIt is possible that your future husband will find this choice offensive. Some men, regardless of how you might feel about such things, are traditionalists and feel that it is simply "right" for the woman to take the man's last name as her own. Whether your future husband insisting on your adopting his last name is a red flag to you or not, it is still something that you should take into consideration.
JThere are all sorts of reasons to hyphenate your name or not to hyphenate your name. The basis for each of these things, however, is whether or not you are willing to make a compromise when it comes to changing your name. The hyphenation is the epitome of a compromise. One spouse wants a complete name change. The other spouse wants no name change. Hyphenating the two names is a way for each person to, at least a little bit, "win" the argument.
KAnd don't forget the legal stuff! Making the decision is just part of the process. From there you are going to have to legally change your name all over the place. You'll need to change your name at the bank, with social security, with your credit cards, on your driver's license, at the gym...everywhere. It's easy to get overwhelmed just thinking about it.
LWhat matters, of course, is that the two of you are going to be happily married—hopefully for the rest of your lives. At the end of the day, whether you each keep your names, whether you come up with an entirely new name for the two of you to share or whether you hyphenate your current last names, what matters is that you love each other and are going to be joining your lives together. Try to remember that as you are staring at the application for your marriage license and filling out the portion that reads "name after you get married" (or whatever the legalese for that might be).
1. Many people today still find name hyphenation upon marriage unacceptable. （H）
2. As a compromise, a bride will in most cases adopt a name that combines the couple's last names. （D）
3. The bride should consider adopting her groom's last name whether he feels strongly about it or not. （I）
4. Making preparations for marriage causes a lot of stress. （A）
5. Hyphenating the last names could be a win-win solution should arguments arise about what name to adopt upon marriage. （J）
6. It used to be considered socially unacceptable for a bride to retain her maiden name. （B）
7. The bride who adopts a hyphenated last name after marriage can maintain connections with their past achievements. （E）
8. Hyphenating names allows the bride to preserve her own identity while respecting tradition. （G）
9. No matter what name the bride adopts, it is most important that the newlyweds truly love each other. （L）
10. Legally speaking, the bride is free to choose whatever name she prefers. （F）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-H　2-D　3-I　4-A　5-J　6-B　7-E　8-G　9-L　10-F

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'name hyphenation' → 在段落[D]中找到对应描述 'the most popular compromise is to hyphenate your last name' → 匹配段落[D]为答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'compromise' 和 'combines the couple's last names' → 在段落[D]中找到对应描述 'the most popular compromise is to hyphenate your last name and the last name of your groom' → 匹配段落[D]为答案
38. 定位题干关键词 'groom's last name' 和 'whether he feels strongly about it or not' → 在段落[C]中找到对应描述 'Even if your groom is fine with it, his family (or your own) might not be so understanding' → 匹配段落[C]为答案
39. 定位题干关键词 'preparations for marriage' 和 'stress' → 在段落[A]中找到对应描述 'the act of getting married can be quite stressful' → 匹配段落[A]为答案
40. 定位题干关键词 'hyphenating' 和 'win-win solution' → 在段落[D]中找到对应描述 'the most popular compromise is to hyphenate your last name' 和 'This allows you to keep going by your own last name while legally adopting your hu…' → 匹配段落[D]为答案
41. 定位段落B → 识别同义替换（considered socially unacceptable ↔ considered taboo） → 得出答案
42. 定位段落D → 识别同义替换（maintain connections with their past achievements ↔ keep going by your own last name） → 得出答案
43. 定位段落D → 识别同义替换（preserve her own identity ↔ keep going by your own last name）与（respecting tradition ↔ legally adopting your husband's name） → 得出答案
44. 通览全文 → 识别文章核心主题（婚姻中的姓名选择问题） → 推断出文章未明确提及但符合主旨的选项
45. 定位段落A → 识别同义替换（Legally speaking ↔ apply for your marriage license and then decide） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断主旨推断无中生有

译文：题干：如今许多人仍然认为婚后姓名加连字符不可接受。正确项H：[D]段落描述了加连字符作为折中方案。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

It's good to be smart. After all, intelligent people earn more money, accumulate more wealth, and even live longer. But there's another side to the story. The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others don't, especially in situations that require common sense. Travis Bradberry, president at TalentSmart, explained in his post Why Smart People Act So Stupid that "Rational thinking and intelligence don't tend to go hand in hand. Intelligent people are more prone to silly mistakes because of blind spots in how they use logic. These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities." They are so used to being right and having quick answers that they don't even realise when they're making a mess by answering without thinking things through. A lifetime of praise leads smart people to develop too much faith in their intelligence and abilities. They often fail to recognise when they need help, and when they do recognise it, they tend to believe that no one else is capable of providing it. "It's hard for anyone to graciously accept the fact that they're wrong. It's even harder for smart people because they grow so used to being right all the time that it becomes a part of their identity," Bradberry wrote. "For smart people, being wrong can feel like a personal attack, and being right, a necessity." Smart people also have a hard time accepting feedback. They tend to undervalue the opinions of others, which means they have trouble believing that anyone is qualified to give them useful feedback. Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance, it can lead to harmful relationships, both personally and professionally. Smart people develop overachieving personalities because things come so easily to them. They simply don't understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things, and because of that, they push people too hard. They set the bar too high, and when people take too long or don't get things quite right, they assume it's due to a lack of effort. So they push even harder.

46. What do we learn from the passage about the brightest people?
  1. A.They can make silly mistakes in straightforward situations.
  2. B.They usually turn a blind eye to their own weaknesses.
  3. C.They are admired by people around them.
  4. D.They can differ in their personalities.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首段转折句 → 提取‘make errors others don't, especially in situations that require common sense’ → 同义替换为‘silly mistakes in straightforward situations’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于最聪明的人，我们从文章中了解到什么？正确项：他们可能在简单明了的情况下犯愚蠢的错误。

47. What accounts for the existence of intelligent people's logical blind spots?
  1. A.Their irrational way of thinking.
  2. B.Too much faith in their ability to think.
  3. C.Their ignorance of behavioural science.
  4. D.Too much concern about their work
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘These blind spots exist because...’ → 提取‘overconfident in their reasoning abilities’ → 同义替换为‘Too much faith in their ability to think’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：是什么导致了聪明人逻辑盲点的存在？正确项：他们对自己的思考能力过于自信。

48. How do smart people react when they are found to be wrong?
  1. A.They shift the blame to others.
  2. B.They graciously accept the facts.
  3. C.They may feel shocked.
  4. D.They may get offended.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘being wrong can feel like a personal attack’ → 推理‘personal attack’的感受 → 同义替换为‘get offended’

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：当聪明人被发现犯错时，他们如何反应？正确项：他们可能会感到被冒犯。

49. What may happen to smart people who find it difficult to accept suggestions?
  1. A.They may suffer in their professional and private life.
  2. B.They may lose faith in their administrative abilities.
  3. C.They may commit more errors than ever before.
  4. D.They may experience a lot of emotional stress.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance, it can lead to harmful relationships, both personally and professionally.’ → 推理‘harmful relationships’的后果 → 同义替换为‘suffer in their professional and private life’

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：那些难以接受建议的聪明人可能会发生什么？正确项：他们可能在职业和私人生活中遭受痛苦。

50. What is said about those working with or under overachieving people?
  1. A.They put a lot of effort into their work.
  2. B.They set higher goals for themselves.
  3. C.They are under increasing pressure.
  4. D.They take less time to get things done.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘they push people too hard... they assume it's due to a lack of effort. So they push even harder.’ → 推理‘push even harder’对他人造成的影响 → 同义替换为‘under increasing pressure’

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：关于那些与成就过高者共事或在其手下工作的人，文章说了什么？正确项：他们承受着越来越大的压力。

Of the endless troubles that come with being driven from one's home country, losing educational certificates may seem small. But it isn't. Refugees who settle in other countries often find themselves unable to continue on their previous career path due to a new set of employer standards or skills requirements. To solve this problem, the U.S. State Department is posing a solution: online learning. The State Department will announce a partnership with an online education platform called Coursera. The platform will allow refugees worldwide to take thousands of online courses for free. "Coursera for Refugees" will be available for any non-profit group that supports refugees in any country, as well as individual refugees. They can apply for fully funded access to Coursera's course catalog, which means they can take all of the platform's classes and obtain professional certificates for free. The platform currently offers professor-led lectures on a broad range of topics, from data science to fashion design. As the world migrant crisis intensifies, employment is becoming a global concern. The new program aims to aid refugees by offering "important skills that will help them in the global economy," Evan Ryan, U.S. assistant secretary of state for educational and cultural affairs, said on a press call last week. "What we don't want to do is not act," added Coursera chief operations officer Lila Ibrahim. The idea isn't without problems. For one, starting a new career path isn't as simple as watching a few videos and obtaining an online certificate; even those looking to continue previous careers can't simply rely on an online lecture to get them up-to-date on standards, policies, and practices. For another, most of the classes on Coursera are in English, and though there are plans to add translations, language barriers can be a big obstacle. Then there are the questions over the value of massive open online courses (MOOCs) themselves—both for refugees and for average learners. But it's still early days and there are signs of hope. In 2015, a joint study found 72% of people taking the MOOCs saw career benefits afterwards.

51. Why is the U.S. State Department launching an online learning program for refugees?
  1. A.To enable them to settle down in host countries.
  2. B.To allow them to learn as many job skills as possible.
  3. C.To offer them a platform to pursue advanced degrees.
  4. D.To help them to meet new employment standards.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位问题原因句 → 提取‘unable to continue...due to a new set of employer standards’ → 同义替换为‘meet new employment standards’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：美国国务院为何要为难民推出在线学习项目？正确项D：为了帮助他们满足新的就业标准。

52. What do we know about "Coursera for Refugees"?
  1. A.It provides refugees with a wide range of courses free of charge.
  2. B.It offers free online data services for refugees around the world.
  3. C.It allows refugees to obtain degrees in various academic fields.
  4. D.It supplies refugees with a great variety of job opportunities.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘Coursera for Refugees’描述句 → 提取‘take thousands of online courses for free’ → 同义替换为‘provides...courses free of charge’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于‘Coursera for Refugees’，我们了解到什么？正确项A：它为难民提供免费的广泛课程。

53. What does the passage say is a consequence of the global migrant crisis?
  1. A.Instability increases in host countries.
  2. B.The global economic crisis intensifies.
  3. C.A lot more refugees die during migration.
  4. D.Refugees find it more difficult to get a job.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘migrant crisis intensifies’相关句 → 提取‘employment is becoming a global concern’ → 推理出难民就业困难加剧

考点：细节定位逻辑推理

译文：题干：文章说全球移民危机的一个后果是什么？正确项D：难民找工作更加困难。

54. What does the author say causes refugees' difficulty in taking online courses?
  1. A.Cultural environment.
  2. B.Changed academic requirements.
  3. C.Lack of language skills.
  4. D.Difference in teaching platforms.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘problems’段落 → 提取‘language barriers can be a big obstacle’ → 同义替换为‘Lack of language skills’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者说是什么导致难民上在线课程困难？正确项C：缺乏语言技能。

55. What did the joint study find about the MOOCs several years ago?
  1. A.They helped solve learners' financial problems.
  2. B.They benefited most of the learners.
  3. C.They changed some learners' career path.
  4. D.They provided the most needed vocational skills.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘joint study’句 → 提取‘72% of people...saw career benefits’ → 同义替换为‘benefited most of the learners’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：几年前的联合研究发现了关于MOOCs的什么？正确项B：它们使大多数学习者受益。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: Suppose you have taken part in a career planning seminar. Write an account of the seminar and summarize what you have learned from it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Last week, our university held a career planning seminar in the lecture hall, which attracted a large number of students who are about to face job hunting. The lecture was delivered by an experienced human resources manager, who has helped many graduates find suitable jobs. During the seminar, the speaker focused on how to plan a career and pointed out that many graduates feel lost simply because they have never planned ahead. He suggested that we should first recognize our own interests and strengths, then set clear and realistic goals, and finally start to build up relevant skills as early as possible. What impressed me most was a real story about a student who got an ideal offer through years of careful preparation. This seminar made me realize that career planning should never be put off until graduation. From now on, I will think seriously about what I really want and take small steps toward my goals instead of drifting along. After all, a well-planned future begins with action today.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

随着生活水平的提高,更多人开始加入到自驾游的行列之中。自驾游者既可驾驶自家车也可借车或租车出游。司机可能是车主或结伴出游者。自驾游与传统的组团旅游不同,它能够更好地满足旅游者的个性化需求,使他们更好地享受旅游的过程。自驾游尤其受到年轻出游者的欢迎。年轻人追求独立自由的生活,而自驾游恰好满足了他们的这一需求。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

With the improvement of living standards, more and more people are joining self-driving tours. A self-driving tourist can either drive their own car or borrow or rent one for the trip, and the driver may be the car owner or a travel companion. Unlike traditional group tours, self-driving tours can better satisfy tourists' personalized needs and thus help them enjoy the travel experience more fully. They are especially popular among young travelers. Young people pursue an independent and free life, while self- driving tours happen to meet this very need.

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