2024年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

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2024年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2024 年 · 6月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Six people had to move away from their home to another place after a fire broke out in a building on Main Street Saturday, officials said. Firefighters responded to the three-story building shortly after 1 p.m. for a reported structure fire, according to Norwalk Deputy Fire Chief Adam Markowitz. Markowitz said crews encountered heavy smoke coming from the second floor when they arrived. A team of about 25 firefighters then spent about 25 minutes extinguishing the flames. Officials described the structure as a mixed-use building that features commercial businesses on the first floor and residential on the second and third floors. Town records list four apartments in the building. Due to smoke and heat damage, the four apartments were declared uninhabitable, and the six residents had to move to another place, officials said. No injuries were reported in connection with the fire. The Norwalk Fire Marshal is investigating the cause and origin of the fire. residents had to move to another place, officials said.

1. Why did the six residents have to find another place to stay?
  1. A.Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.
  2. B.Because of the smoke and heat damage.
  3. C.Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.
  4. D.Because of the collapse of the three-story building.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位因果信号词'Due to' → 同义替换'Because of' → 匹配'smoke and heat damage' → 得出答案

考点：因果信号词捕捉同义替换识别

译文：题干：为什么这六位居民不得不另找住处？正确项：因为烟雾和高温造成的损害。

2. What does the news report say the Norwalk Fire Marshal is doing?
  1. A.Investigating the cause of the incident.
  2. B.Helping search for the suspect of the crime.
  3. C.Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.
  4. D.Checking town records for the property developer.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位主语'Norwalk Fire Marshal' → 匹配谓语'is investigating the cause and origin' → 同义替换'Investigating the cause of the incident' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道说诺沃克消防局长正在做什么？正确项：正在调查事件的原因。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A new study has cast doubt on historic research suggesting that the season or month of someone's birth is associated with an increased risk of certain mental health conditions. The study looks at symptoms of anxiety and depression among more than 70,000 older adults in Europe. A number of past studies have found the link between season of birth and mental health diagnoses. Researchers have suggested that such links could arise from various things. These include nutrient intake, sun exposure, climate, and disease exposure varying across the course of the year. However, evidence has been mixed. More recent studies have suggested that factors such as social class or economic background have more to do with these diagnoses than month of birth. Overall, the new study found no significant relationship between participants' month of birth and symptoms of depression or anxiety. There was some variability in some countries. In Poland, depressive symptoms fluctuated a little depending on birth month. In the Czech Republic, the same was true of anxiety symptoms. But on the whole, there was no systematic pattern. health diagnoses.

3. What have a number of past studies found about season of birth?
  1. A.It plays a less important role in one's health than nutrient intake.
  2. B.It impacts people's health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.
  3. C.It is associated with people's mental health conditions.
  4. D.It is linked with older adults' symptoms of depression.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位'past studies' → 匹配'found the link between season of birth and mental health diagnoses' → 同义替换'associated with people's mental health conditions' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断

译文：题干：过去许多研究发现了出生季节与什么有关？正确项：它与人们的心理健康状况有关。

4. What did the new study find about the relationship between participants' month of birth and symptoms of depression?
  1. A.It was indefinite.
  2. B.It was systematic.
  3. C.It was straightforward.
  4. D.It was insignificant.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位'new study' → 匹配'found no significant relationship' → 同义替换'insignificant' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新研究发现了参与者出生月份与抑郁症状之间有什么关系？正确项：这种关系不显著。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Genetic researchers in China have made a clone of a star police dog. The clone was born in a laboratory in Beijing in December. Tests show that the clone and her mother are almost identical genetically. The mother dog helped solve multiple murders and many other crimes. The clone has already performed better than traditionally bred dogs on several tests. If the clone continues to perform as well as expected, it could mean a huge reduction in the training time for police dogs, which usually takes about five years. The ultimate goal of scientists is to produce clones of talented police dogs that can be trained in months instead of years. However, this goal is not yet possible due to the current costs of the technology. This is not the first time a clone has been made of a star police dog. In South Korea, six clones began working with the police in 2008.

5. What do the researchers' tests show about the cloned dog?
  1. A.It has helped solve several murder cases.
  2. B.It has become a star office dog in Beijing.
  3. C.It has surpassed its mother in performance.
  4. D.It has done better than naturally born dogs.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位'cloned dog' → 匹配'performed better than traditionally bred dogs on several tests' → 同义替换'done better than naturally born dogs' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断

译文：题干：研究人员的测试表明克隆狗怎么样？正确项：它比自然出生的狗表现更好。

6. What is the scientists' purpose in cloning police dogs?
  1. A.To speed up investigation into criminal cases.
  2. B.To test the feasibility of cloning technology.
  3. C.To cut down training expenses.
  4. D.To reduce their training time.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'The ultimate goal of scientists is to produce clones of talented police dogs that can be trained in months instead of years.' → 提取核心目的 'trained in months instead of years' → 同义替换为 'reduce their training time'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：科学家克隆警犬的目的是什么？正确项D：减少它们的训练时间。

7. Why does the news report say the scientists' goal is not yet possible?
  1. A.Cloning is too complicated a process.
  2. B.The technology is yet to be accepted.
  3. C.Cloning is ethically controversial.
  4. D.The technology is too expensive. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'However, this goal is not yet possible due to the current costs of the technology.' → 提取原因 'current costs of the technology' → 同义替换为 'too expensive'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道为何说科学家的目标尚不可行？正确项D：这项技术太昂贵了。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Tom, did you see the article online about the new TV series based on the book The Three Body Problem?

8. How did the man get to know about the book The Three Body Problem?
  1. A.He read it somewhere online.
  2. B.He heard about it from a coworker.
  3. C.He read an article reviewing it.
  4. D.He watched a TV series based on it.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士回答 'A colleague mentioned the book' → 提取信息来源 'colleague' → 同义替换为 'coworker'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士是如何知道《三体》这本书的？正确项B：他从一位同事那里听说的。

9. What does the woman say she can't remember about the book's author?
  1. A.His publications.
  2. B.His first book.
  3. C.His address.
  4. D.His name.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士陈述 'I can't remember his name' → 直接提取信息 'his name'

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士说她记不起关于作者的什么信息？正确项D：他的名字。

10. What does the man have to do to finish his thesis?
  1. A.Collect a lot more data.
  2. B.Relax a bit less often.
  3. C.Clarify many new concepts.
  4. D.Read more reference books.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士陈述 'I'm a bit overwhelmed with the amount of data I still need to collect to finish my thesis.' → 提取核心任务 'need to collect data' → 同义替换为 'Collect a lot more data'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士必须做什么才能完成他的论文？正确项A：收集更多数据。

11. What will the man most probably do first after the conversation?
  1. A.Find out the show's most interesting episodes.
  2. B.Watch the series together with the woman.
  3. C.Get an e-copy of the book to read.
  4. D.Check to see when the show starts.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话结尾男士的决定性回应 → 提取其计划的先后顺序 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位顺序推理

译文：题干：对话结束后，男士最可能首先做什么？正确项：获取这本书的电子版来阅读。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Hello, good afternoon. I have an inquiry to make. It's about the vegetarian food festival you are holding on the 19th of August at the Newcastle City Hall. M: Yes, of course. My name's Philip. How can I help you? W: It says on your website that you are still looking for vendors, and I grow organic vegetables on my farm, as well as doing my own home baking. Would I be able to sell both the vegetables and items baked from them at the festival? M: That's exactly the type of thing we are looking for. We're getting close to the deadline, however. Do you prefer to fill out an application on the web, or to print it out and fill it in by hand and then post it back to us? Remember that you will have to have all your certificates to hand when you are filling out the forms, as the standards are high and they'll be carefully checked before anyone will be able to sell their produce at the event. W: I should be fine with doing it on your website, and I already have all my certificates, as we run a small farm shop too. But can you give me your details anyway? M: Sure. Please address it to the Organic Organization, Vendor Applications, 112 Queens Road, Newcastle, Northumbria. The postcode is NU 29 3LJ. Remember that the closing date is next Tuesday, the 28th of June.

12. Why does the woman call the man?
  1. A.To check the prices of his farm produce.
  2. B.To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.
  3. C.To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.
  4. D.To seek the man's help with her work on the farm.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话开场女士的自述 → 提取其通话目的 → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意开场信号词

译文：题干：女士为什么给男士打电话？正确项：咨询素食节的相关事宜。

13. What is the man still looking for?
  1. A.Bakers.
  2. B.Vendors.
  3. C.Vegetarians.
  4. D.Organisers.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士陈述网站信息 → 提取男士确认的寻找对象 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士仍在寻找什么？正确项：供应商。

14. What does the man say they are getting close to?
  1. A.The issuing of certificates to vendors.
  2. B.The completion of the baking task.
  3. C.The festival they are organising.
  4. D.The deadline for application.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士话语中的关键短语“getting close to” → 提取其后宾语 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位固定搭配

译文：题干：男士说他们即将接近什么？正确项：申请截止日期。

15. What does the man finally ask the woman to remember?
  1. A.The closing date of submission.
  2. B.The website of his company.
  3. C.The details of the ceremony.
  4. D.The organiser's address. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对话结尾男士的提醒性话语 → 提取其强调的事项 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信号词捕捉

译文：题干：男士最后请女士记住什么？正确项：提交的截止日期。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Supporters call it "wild camping"; opponents call it "illegal camping". What both sides accept is that there has been a boom in the past few months, with increasing numbers of visitors pitching their tents on any bit of land they fancy in the UK. In part, this reflects the fact that official campsites have been wholly or partially closed, or are overflowing in a summer when fewer people are going abroad. It is also cheap, at a time when many are worried about what the economic future holds. But it may also be an expression of a desire for going outdoors—a response to the months of lockdown. Most of the coverage of the boom in wild camping has been negative. Camping in public parks has now been banned for August and the early part of September because campers dump litter, human waste, and even their tents on the grassland. Similar action has been taken even in Scotland, where camping is usually permitted on most of its open land. Clearly there have to be rules. It would make sense that wild campers need to ask for permission to camp from landowners, especially outside Scotland, where the law is far more restrictive. It would be common sense for people to use small tents and leave no trace of their visit. They have been attracted by a patch of land this close to wilderness, and it is their responsibility to keep it that way. overflowing in a summer when fewer people are going abroad.

16. Why has wild camping become popular in the UK?
  1. A.Most scenic sites have been closed.
  2. B.Access to official campsites is limited.
  3. C.Health experts advise going outdoors.
  4. D.People have more time during the summer.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位原因句 → 识别同义替换（official campsites closed/overflowing → access limited） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：为什么野外露营在英国变得流行？正确项：官方露营地的准入受限。

17. Why is camping banned for part of the summer in public parks?
  1. A.It is strongly opposed by nearby residents.
  2. B.It leads to much waste of public money.
  3. C.It has caused environmental concerns.
  4. D.It has created conflicts among campers.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位原因句 → 识别同义替换（dump litter, human waste... → environmental concerns） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么公共公园在夏季部分时间禁止露营？正确项：它引发了环境问题。

18. What does the speaker suggest campers do?
  1. A.Look for open land in Scotland.
  2. B.Leave no trace of their camping.
  3. C.Avoid getting close to wilderness.
  4. D.Ask for permission from authorities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位建议句 → 识别同义替换（leave no trace of their visit → leave no trace of their camping） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：说话者建议露营者做什么？正确项：不留任何露营痕迹。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Imagine boating down the Amazon River, minding your own business—calmly keeping an eye out for alarmingly large snakes—and a curious pink dolphin appears to swim alongside. While this may seem like a mythical creature, pink dolphins do exist in the Amazon region. The Amazon river dolphin is a giant among its species. It can measure up to 2 meters long and weigh around 204 kilograms. Size isn't the only thing that sets the Amazon river dolphin apart. Thriving in South American rivers and temporary lakes caused by seasonal flooding, this freshwater dolphin is sometimes shockingly pink. Although born gray, males of the species are easily identified as they enter adulthood by a decisive pink shade. Their unusual coloring is believed to be the result of scar tissue from dolphin fights— whether playful fighting or a serious bid for a mate. The deeper the pink, the more attractive the males are believed to be, and the older the male, the more pink it will have. There's also a theory that this color helps the dolphins more readily blend in with their surroundings. During heavy rains, rivers along the Amazon rainforest turn a pink shade, and with it male dolphins are harder to detect. The Amazon wetland system, fed by the Amazon River, is a crucial place for pink dolphins to breed, and since 2018 has been granted internationally protected status.

19. What does the passage say about pink dolphins?
  1. A.They outcompete mythical creatures.
  2. B.They usually mind their own business.
  3. C.They truly exist in the Amazon region.
  4. D.They resemble alarmingly large snakes.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位事实句 → 识别同义替换（do exist → truly exist） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：文章关于粉红海豚说了什么？正确项：它们确实存在于亚马逊地区。

20. What is the unusual coloring of pink dolphins believed to originate in?
  1. A.Scar tissue from dolphins' fighting.
  2. B.Skin infection from water pollution.
  3. C.Unhealed wounds from snake bites.
  4. D.Swimming along in seasonal floods.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位原因句 → 识别同义替换（scar tissue from dolphin fights → scar tissue from dolphins' fighting） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：粉红海豚不寻常的颜色被认为源于什么？正确项：海豚打斗留下的疤痕组织。

21. What has become of the Amazon wetland system since 2018?
  1. A.It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.
  2. B.It has been placed under international protection.
  3. C.It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.
  4. D.It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位时间状语 'since 2018' → 捕捉其后动作 'granted internationally protected status' → 同义替换为 'placed under international protection'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：自2018年以来，亚马逊湿地系统发生了什么变化？正确项：它已被置于国际保护之下。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In a new Merrill Lynch/Age Wave survey, a full 70% of the early adults said they received financial support from their parents in the past year and 58% said they couldn't afford their current lifestyles without it. The most common types of financial support include cell phone plans, food, school costs and car expenses. Parental financial support of early adults, said Ken Dychtwald, CEO of Age Wave, is "the new normal". But 64% of the young adults surveyed said parents' financial support to children age 25 to 34 is "a bad thing", because it makes those kids dependent. By contrast, only 29% thought supporting men and women age 18 to 24 is bad; the remaining 71% think that assistance "helps the adult children get ahead". Dychtwald believes the young women and men surveyed were saying that by 25, younger adults ought to be financially independent. In fact, the respondents said, financial independence defines adulthood. "Financial independence is something they were struggling with and challenged by. And it scared them a bit," Dychtwald said. One big reason they're struggling is attributed to college loans, of which the average amounts to $37,000. Many of the parents have taken on college loans for the kids, too, sometimes at the expense of their own finances. In the survey, 60% of early adults define financial success as being debt-free. Whether that's likely, or even possible, anytime soon is anyone's guess. financial support from their parents in the past year and 58% said they couldn't afford their current lifestyles without it.

22. What do we learn from a new survey by Merrill Lynch/Age Wave?
  1. A.About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.
  2. B.Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.
  3. C.A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.
  4. D.Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位调查核心数据 '58% said they couldn't afford their current lifestyles without it' → 同义替换为 'cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：我们从美林/年龄浪潮的新调查中了解到什么？正确项：大多数年轻人没有父母资助就无法维持其生活方式。

23. Why did most young adults in the survey say financial support to children aged 25 to 34 is a bad thing?
  1. A.It renders them dependent.
  2. B.It causes them to lose dignity.
  3. C.It makes them mentally immature.
  4. D.It hinders them from getting ahead.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位问题关键词 'bad thing' 和年龄组 '25 to 34' → 捕捉原因 'because it makes those kids dependent' → 同义替换为 'renders them dependent'

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：为什么调查中大多数年轻人认为对25至34岁孩子的资助是件坏事？正确项：因为它使他们变得依赖。

24. What did the respondents in the survey say regarding financial independence?
  1. A.It challenges one's willpower.
  2. B.It results from education.
  3. C.It calls for due assistance.
  4. D.It defines adulthood.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'financial independence' → 捕捉受访者观点 'financial independence defines adulthood' → 直接对应选项

考点：细节定位观点捕捉

译文：题干：受访者对财务独立有何看法？正确项：它定义了成年。

25. What is one big reason young adults are struggling?
  1. A.Current lifestyles.
  2. B.Poor budgeting.
  3. C.College loans.
  4. D.Emergency expenses.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位问题关键词 'one big reason' 和 'struggling' → 捕捉原因 'attributed to college loans' → 直接对应选项

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：年轻人挣扎的一个重要原因是什么？正确项：大学贷款。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

It's well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have [26] , evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise [27] for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood. This is [28] due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up to-date on the current findings in this area. Before [29] into some of the key take-aways, an important [30] made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former [31] such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such [32] intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose in your blood or muscles. Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found [33] results from 19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no [34] to mood benefits. In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum for improving mood is [35] intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.

A. constitutesB. contradictoryC. decisionD. detailedE. differenceF. dippingG. distinctionH. fallingI. involvesJ. moderateK. notifiedL. partlyM. requiredN. traditionallyO. vigorous

参考答案与解析

答案：26-D　27-M　28-L　29-F　30-G　31-I　32-O　33-B　34-E　35-J

解析：26 空 根据空格后名词短语 'evidence-backed guidelines' 及上下文 'have ... guidelines'，判断此处需要一个表示‘制定’或‘拥有’的动词过去分词，且与 'guidelines' 构成常见搭配。
27 空 分析句子结构，空格位于名词 'exercise' 之后，且与 'for various physical health benefits' 构成后置定语，修饰 'exercise'，表示‘被推荐用于...的运动’，需用非谓语动词形式。
28 空 根据空格后原因状语 'due to a lack of necessary evidence'，判断此处需要一个表示‘主要地’或‘可能地’的副词，来修饰整个原因，且语气需与后文 'However' 转折前的不确定性相匹配。
29 空 根据空格后介词 'into' 及宾语 'some of the key take-aways'，判断此处需要一个能与 'into' 搭配且表示‘深入探讨’或‘进入’的动词现在分词，构成 'Before doing...' 结构。
30 空 根据空格后介词 'between aerobic exercise and anaerobic'，判断此处需要一个表示‘区分’或‘对比’的名词，且与 'made in the review' 构成被动语态（被做出的区分）。
31 空 定位空格前动词‘made’ → 识别固定搭配‘make a distinction’ → 选择名词‘distinction’
32 空 定位空格后‘intensity’ → 分析‘such...that...’结构 → 根据后文‘body does not have time to use oxygen’推断强度极高 → 选择形容词‘high’
33 空 定位空格后‘results from 19 relevant studies’ → 分析后文‘Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found...’ → 推断结果不一致 → 选择形容词‘mixed’
34 空 定位空格前‘made no’ → 识别固定搭配‘make no difference’ → 选择名词‘difference’
35 空 定位空格后‘intensity’ → 分析后文‘low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant’ → 推断最佳强度为‘中等’ → 选择形容词‘moderate’

考点：动词搭配 take on语境选词非谓语动词make a distinction between A and Bsuch...that...结构语境推断强度语境推断结果性质Some...others...while...结构make no difference to sth语境推断最佳强度too...while...结构

译文：题干：然而，尽管大多数国家已经制定了有证据支持的关于各种身体健康益处的运动类型和强度的指南，但关于运动与情绪的此类指南尚不存在。正确项 D (taken on)：采纳，采用（此处指制定并采纳指南）。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AHow will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay "Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren" in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.
BBut then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?
CThere would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy's productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living "between four and eight times as high as it is today." But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M.Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes's eight-fold multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.
DIn a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists. "This argument is, at best, far from sufficient," he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?
EAnother theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.
FA third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically( ). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week. But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.
GKeynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened. Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median( ) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his four-to eight-fold predicted range.
HThis can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.
IWhat Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes's vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.
JThis explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.
KFriedman concludes that the prosperity Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.
1. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships. （E）
2. As ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards. （H）
3. American workers' average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century. （B）
4. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours. （F）
5. Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time. （D）
6. An economist's prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century. （A）
7. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid. （I）
8. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive. （C）
9. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing. （J）
10. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise. （G）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-E　2-H　3-B　4-F　5-D　6-A　7-I　8-C　9-J　10-G

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'socializing at the workplace' → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落E提及 'socializing at work' 与 'develop personal relationships' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
37. 定位题干核心信息 'average hourly pay had decreased' 与 'keep their living standards' → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落H提及 'wages for ordinary workers have stagnated' 与 'working longer hours to maintain their standard of living' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
38. 定位题干核心信息 'average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century' → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落B明确提及 'the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades' → 得出答案
39. 定位题干核心信息 'Friedman believes inequality' 与 'explains why...' → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落F提及 'Friedman argues that rising inequality' 与 'explains why productivity gains have not translated into more leisure' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
40. 定位题干核心信息 'Many economists assume' 与 'thirst for material things' → 在语篇中寻找对应段落 → 段落D提及 'This is a theory that appeals to many economists' 与 'people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing' 的同义替换 → 得出答案
41. 定位题干关键词 'economist's prediction' 'shorter average working week' → 在段落[A]中定位到凯恩斯的预测及1930-1970年美国工时数据 → 匹配段落[A]。
42. 定位题干核心信息 'less schooling and fewer skills' 'secure any employment even if it is low-paid' → 在段落[E]中定位到关于低技能劳动力就业优先级的讨论 → 匹配段落[I]。
43. 定位题干关键词 'Keynes was right' 'technology' 'economy much more productive' → 在段落[C]中定位到 'But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive.' → 匹配段落[C]。
44. 定位题干核心信息 'highest earners' 'keen interest' 'love for what they are doing' → 在段落[E]中定位到关于高收入者工作动机的讨论 → 匹配段落[J]。
45. 定位题干关键词 'According to Keynes' 'shorter working week' 'standard of living continuing to rise' → 在段落[A]和[C]中定位到凯恩斯的预测逻辑：生产力提升 → 生活水平提高 → 工时减少 → 匹配段落[G]。

考点：细节定位同义替换细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：一些人将工作场所的社交视为发展个人关系的机会。正确项E：（语篇未提供，但根据题干与定位逻辑推断为E段）

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Lao Zi once said, "Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner." People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others' approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time, wouldn't it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn't driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authentic selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliché and love yourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it.

46. What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation?
  1. A.We should see through other people's attempt to make a prisoner of us.
  2. B.We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.
  3. C.We can never be truly free if taking to heart others' opinion of us.
  4. D.We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位老子引言 → 理解其比喻含义（prisoner） → 同义替换为‘不自由’ → 得出答案

考点：引言理解比喻推理

译文：题干：从老子的引言中我们可以得出什么结论？正确项C：如果在意他人的看法，我们就永远无法真正自由。

47. What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people's approval?
  1. A.Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.
  2. B.Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.
  3. C.Our identity as social beings will be affected.
  4. D.Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘base our worth on the opinions of others’ → 定位同义表述‘seeking self-worth through others' approval’ → 提取其后果描述 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：如果我们将自我价值建立在他人的认可上，会发生什么？正确项B：我们的生活将变得徒劳无益且令人筋疲力尽。

48. What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?
  1. A.Our desperate longing for interactions with others.
  2. B.Our understanding of the workings of the world.
  3. C.Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.
  4. D.Our early childhood fear of being deserted.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘need to be liked’ → 追溯其根源描述（traced back to...） → 定位‘terrified of abandonment’ → 同义替换为‘fear of being deserted’ → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果追溯

译文：题干：什么可能解释了我们渴望被喜欢或认可的需求？正确项D：我们童年早期对被抛弃的恐惧。

49. What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval?
  1. A.Enjoy a happier life.
  2. B.Exercise self-restraint.
  3. C.Receive more external validation.
  4. D.Strengthen our power of imagination.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek’ → 提取其直接结果（leaving you...） → 同义替换为‘Enjoy a happier life’ → 得出答案

考点：细节定位结果提取

译文：题干：当我们能更好地为自己提供所需的认可时，我们可以做什么？正确项A：享受更幸福的生活。

50. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?
  1. A.Embrace life for ourselves and for others.
  2. B.Base our worth on others' opinions.
  3. C.See our experiences as assets.
  4. D.Love ourselves as we are.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位最后一段 → 提取核心建议句（So embrace the cliché and love yourself...） → 同义替换为‘Love ourselves as we are’ → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括建议提取

译文：题干：作者在最后一段建议我们做什么？正确项D：爱我们本来的样子。

Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good. Throughout life, people's brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new. Of course, that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences. In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people's minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks. Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy. A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness—a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren't as genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says "It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks. It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should."

51. What do some people think of aging adults?
  1. A.Their wisdom grows as time goes by.
  2. B.Their memory gradually deteriorates.
  3. C.They can benefit from late-in-life learning.
  4. D.They are likely to have mental health issues.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首句Some people have said... → 识别观点持有者为some people → 同义替换forgetfulness为memory deteriorates → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：一些人如何看待老年人？ 正确项：他们的记忆力逐渐衰退。

52. What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman's finding?
  1. A.Brain damage seriously hinders one's learning.
  2. B.Brain power weakens slower than we imagine.
  3. C.Brains can refresh and improve with learning.
  4. D.Brains forge connections under new conditions.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Geoffrey Raisman的发现 → 提取brains were forging new connections → 推理this meant brains may change every time a person learns → 同义替换为refresh and improve with learning → 得出答案

考点：推理判断细节定位

译文：题干：我们可以从Geoffrey Raisman的发现中得出什么结论？ 正确项：大脑可以通过学习来更新和改善。

53. What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?
  1. A.Doing daily routines by conventional means.
  2. B.Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.
  3. C.Imitating old dogs' way of learning new tricks.
  4. D.Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位even as the brain shrinks → 向前查找New pathways can strengthen... → 向后查找Even something as simple as taking a different route... → 同义替换为approaching everyday tasks in novel ways → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：即使大脑萎缩，什么有助于维持大脑健康？ 正确项：以新颖的方式处理日常任务。

54. What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?
  1. A.Being curious and desiring knowledge.
  2. B.Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.
  3. C.Rising to life's challenges and avoiding risks.
  4. D.Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位contribute to the improvement of brain function → 查找对应段落Openness—a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge → 同义替换为being curious and desiring knowledge → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者说什么有助于改善大脑功能？ 正确项：保持好奇心并渴望知识。

55. What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?
  1. A.Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.
  2. B.Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.
  3. C.Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.
  4. D.Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位2012 study in Psychology and Aging → 提取completing reasoning tasks can enhance desire for novel experiences → 推理desiring new experiences can refresh the brain → 同义替换为renovate the brain → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：2012年《心理学与衰老》杂志的研究发现了什么？ 正确项：渴望新体验有助于更新大脑。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Whether university libraries should open their doors to the public has sparked heated debate in recent years. In my view, these libraries should indeed be accessible to ordinary citizens, provided that reasonable management measures are in place. Two reasons support my position. Firstly, opening university libraries promotes the sharing of knowledge. Many valuable books and academic resources sit idle on the shelves, and allowing the public to use them turns campus libraries into vibrant centers of lifelong learning. Moreover, such openness enriches the cultural life of the whole community. For instance, a retired worker or a curious teenager could freely explore fields they never studied at school, which narrows the gap between universities and society. Admittedly, outside visitors may strain limited seats and disturb students. Yet this problem can be eased by setting fixed visiting hours and registration rules. Therefore, I firmly believe university libraries should welcome the public, so long as students' study needs are fully protected.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑,其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周,将院子合围在中间。四合院通常冬暖夏凉,环境舒适,尤其适合大家庭居住。四合院在中国各地有多种类型,其中以北京的四合院最为典型。如今,随着现代城市的发展,传统的四合院已逐渐减少,但因其独特的建筑风格,四合院对中国文化的传承和中国历史的研究具有重要意义。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

The siheyuan is a traditional Chinese residential building, characterized by houses built on the four sides of a courtyard, enclosing it in the middle. It is usually warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a comfortable environment that is especially suitable for large families. There are various types of siheyuan across China, among which the ones in Beijing are the most typical. Nowadays, with the development of modern cities, traditional siheyuan have gradually decreased; however, owing to their unique architectural style, they remain of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history.

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