2024年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

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2024年06月大学英语四级真题（第3套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2024 年 · 6月·第3套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Six people had to move away from their home to another place after a fire broke out in a building on Main Street Saturday, officials said. Firefighters responded to the three-story building shortly after 1 p.m. for a reported structure fire, according to Norwalk Deputy Fire Chief Adam Markowitz. Markowitz said crews encountered heavy smoke coming from the second floor when they arrived. A team of about 25 firefighters then spent about 25 minutes extinguishing the flames. Officials described the structure as a mixed-use building that features commercial businesses on the first floor and residential on the second and third floors. Town records list four apartments in the building. Due to smoke and heat damage, the four apartments were declared uninhabitable, and the six residents had to move to another place, officials said. No injuries were reported in connection with the fire. The Norwalk Fire Marshal is investigating the cause and origin of the fire. residents had to move to another place, officials said.

1. Why did the six residents have to find another place to stay?
  1. A.Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.
  2. B.Because of the smoke and heat damage.
  3. C.Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.
  4. D.Because of the collapse of the three-story building.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位因果信号词'Due to' → 同义替换'Because of' → 匹配'smoke and heat damage' → 得出答案

考点：因果信号词捕捉同义替换识别

译文：题干：为什么这六位居民不得不另找住处？正确项：因为烟雾和高温造成的损害。

2. What does the news report say the Norwalk Fire Marshal is doing?
  1. A.Investigating the cause of the incident.
  2. B.Helping search for the suspect of the crime.
  3. C.Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.
  4. D.Checking town records for the property developer.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位主语'Norwalk Fire Marshal' → 匹配谓语'is investigating the cause and origin' → 同义替换'Investigating the cause of the incident' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道说诺沃克消防局长正在做什么？正确项：正在调查事件的原因。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A new study has cast doubt on historic research suggesting that the season or month of someone's birth is associated with an increased risk of certain mental health conditions. The study looks at symptoms of anxiety and depression among more than 70,000 older adults in Europe. A number of past studies have found the link between season of birth and mental health diagnoses. Researchers have suggested that such links could arise from various things. These include nutrient intake, sun exposure, climate, and disease exposure varying across the course of the year. However, evidence has been mixed. More recent studies have suggested that factors such as social class or economic background have more to do with these diagnoses than month of birth. Overall, the new study found no significant relationship between participants' month of birth and symptoms of depression or anxiety. There was some variability in some countries. In Poland, depressive symptoms fluctuated a little depending on birth month. In the Czech Republic, the same was true of anxiety symptoms. But on the whole, there was no systematic pattern. health diagnoses.

3. What have a number of past studies found about season of birth?
  1. A.It plays a less important role in one's health than nutrient intake.
  2. B.It impacts people's health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.
  3. C.It is associated with people's mental health conditions.
  4. D.It is linked with older adults' symptoms of depression.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位'past studies' → 匹配'found the link between season of birth and mental health diagnoses' → 同义替换'associated with people's mental health conditions' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断

译文：题干：过去许多研究发现了出生季节与什么有关？正确项：它与人们的心理健康状况有关。

4. What did the new study find about the relationship between participants' month of birth and symptoms of depression?
  1. A.It was indefinite.
  2. B.It was systematic.
  3. C.It was straightforward.
  4. D.It was insignificant.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位'new study' → 匹配'found no significant relationship' → 同义替换'insignificant' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新研究发现了参与者出生月份与抑郁症状之间有什么关系？正确项：这种关系不显著。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Genetic researchers in China have made a clone of a star police dog. The clone was born in a laboratory in Beijing in December. Tests show that the clone and her mother are almost identical genetically. The mother dog helped solve multiple murders and many other crimes. The clone has already performed better than traditionally bred dogs on several tests. If the clone continues to perform as well as expected, it could mean a huge reduction in the training time for police dogs, which usually takes about five years. The ultimate goal of scientists is to produce clones of talented police dogs that can be trained in months instead of years. However, this goal is not yet possible due to the current costs of the technology. This is not the first time a clone has been made of a star police dog. In South Korea, six clones began working with the police in 2008.

5. What do the researchers' tests show about the cloned dog?
  1. A.It has helped solve several murder cases.
  2. B.It has become a star office dog in Beijing.
  3. C.It has surpassed its mother in performance.
  4. D.It has done better than naturally born dogs.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位'cloned dog' → 匹配'performed better than traditionally bred dogs on several tests' → 同义替换'done better than naturally born dogs' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断

译文：题干：研究人员的测试表明克隆狗怎么样？正确项：它比自然出生的狗表现更好。

6. What is the scientists' purpose in cloning police dogs?
  1. A.To speed up investigation into criminal cases.
  2. B.To test the feasibility of cloning technology.
  3. C.To cut down training expenses.
  4. D.To reduce their training time.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'The ultimate goal of scientists is to produce clones of talented police dogs that can be trained in months instead of years.' → 提取核心目的 'trained in months instead of years' → 同义替换为 'reduce their training time'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：科学家克隆警犬的目的是什么？正确项D：减少它们的训练时间。

7. Why does the news report say the scientists' goal is not yet possible?
  1. A.Cloning is too complicated a process.
  2. B.The technology is yet to be accepted.
  3. C.Cloning is ethically controversial.
  4. D.The technology is too expensive. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'However, this goal is not yet possible due to the current costs of the technology.' → 提取原因 'current costs of the technology' → 同义替换为 'too expensive'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道为何说科学家的目标尚不可行？正确项D：这项技术太昂贵了。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Tom, did you see the article online about the new TV series based on the book The Three Body Problem?

8. How did the man get to know about the book The Three Body Problem?
  1. A.He read it somewhere online.
  2. B.He heard about it from a coworker.
  3. C.He read an article reviewing it.
  4. D.He watched a TV series based on it.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士回答 'A colleague mentioned the book' → 提取信息来源 'colleague' → 同义替换为 'coworker'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士是如何知道《三体》这本书的？正确项B：他从一位同事那里听说的。

9. What does the woman say she can't remember about the book's author?
  1. A.His publications.
  2. B.His first book.
  3. C.His address.
  4. D.His name.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士陈述 'I can't remember his name' → 直接提取信息 'his name'

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士说她记不起关于作者的什么信息？正确项D：他的名字。

10. What does the man have to do to finish his thesis?
  1. A.Collect a lot more data.
  2. B.Relax a bit less often.
  3. C.Clarify many new concepts.
  4. D.Read more reference books.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士陈述 'I'm a bit overwhelmed with the amount of data I still need to collect to finish my thesis.' → 提取核心任务 'need to collect data' → 同义替换为 'Collect a lot more data'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士必须做什么才能完成他的论文？正确项A：收集更多数据。

11. What will the man most probably do first after the conversation?
  1. A.Find out the show's most interesting episodes.
  2. B.Watch the series together with the woman.
  3. C.Get an e-copy of the book to read.
  4. D.Check to see when the show starts.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话结尾男士的决定性回应 → 提取其计划的先后顺序 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位顺序推理

译文：题干：对话结束后，男士最可能首先做什么？正确项：获取这本书的电子版来阅读。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Hello, good afternoon. I have an inquiry to make. It's about the vegetarian food festival you are holding on the 19th of August at the Newcastle City Hall. M: Yes, of course. My name's Philip. How can I help you? W: It says on your website that you are still looking for vendors, and I grow organic vegetables on my farm, as well as doing my own home baking. Would I be able to sell both the vegetables and items baked from them at the festival? M: That's exactly the type of thing we are looking for. We're getting close to the deadline, however. Do you prefer to fill out an application on the web, or to print it out and fill it in by hand and then post it back to us? Remember that you will have to have all your certificates to hand when you are filling out the forms, as the standards are high and they'll be carefully checked before anyone will be able to sell their produce at the event. W: I should be fine with doing it on your website, and I already have all my certificates, as we run a small farm shop too. But can you give me your details anyway? M: Sure. Please address it to the Organic Organization, Vendor Applications, 112 Queens Road, Newcastle, Northumbria. The postcode is NU 29 3LJ. Remember that the closing date is next Tuesday, the 28th of June.

12. Why does the woman call the man?
  1. A.To check the prices of his farm produce.
  2. B.To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.
  3. C.To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.
  4. D.To seek the man's help with her work on the farm.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话开场女士的自述 → 提取其通话目的 → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意开场信号词

译文：题干：女士为什么给男士打电话？正确项：咨询素食节的相关事宜。

13. What is the man still looking for?
  1. A.Bakers.
  2. B.Vendors.
  3. C.Vegetarians.
  4. D.Organisers.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士陈述网站信息 → 提取男士确认的寻找对象 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士仍在寻找什么？正确项：供应商。

14. What does the man say they are getting close to?
  1. A.The issuing of certificates to vendors.
  2. B.The completion of the baking task.
  3. C.The festival they are organising.
  4. D.The deadline for application.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士话语中的关键短语“getting close to” → 提取其后宾语 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位固定搭配

译文：题干：男士说他们即将接近什么？正确项：申请截止日期。

15. What does the man finally ask the woman to remember?
  1. A.The closing date of submission.
  2. B.The website of his company.
  3. C.The details of the ceremony.
  4. D.The organiser's address. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位对话结尾男士的提醒性话语 → 提取其强调的事项 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信号词捕捉

译文：题干：男士最后请女士记住什么？正确项：提交的截止日期。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Supporters call it "wild camping"; opponents call it "illegal camping". What both sides accept is that there has been a boom in the past few months, with increasing numbers of visitors pitching their tents on any bit of land they fancy in the UK. In part, this reflects the fact that official campsites have been wholly or partially closed, or are overflowing in a summer when fewer people are going abroad. It is also cheap, at a time when many are worried about what the economic future holds. But it may also be an expression of a desire for going outdoors—a response to the months of lockdown. Most of the coverage of the boom in wild camping has been negative. Camping in public parks has now been banned for August and the early part of September because campers dump litter, human waste, and even their tents on the grassland. Similar action has been taken even in Scotland, where camping is usually permitted on most of its open land. Clearly there have to be rules. It would make sense that wild campers need to ask for permission to camp from landowners, especially outside Scotland, where the law is far more restrictive. It would be common sense for people to use small tents and leave no trace of their visit. They have been attracted by a patch of land this close to wilderness, and it is their responsibility to keep it that way. overflowing in a summer when fewer people are going abroad.

16. Why has wild camping become popular in the UK?
  1. A.Most scenic sites have been closed.
  2. B.Access to official campsites is limited.
  3. C.Health experts advise going outdoors.
  4. D.People have more time during the summer.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位原因句 → 识别同义替换（official campsites closed/overflowing → access limited） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：为什么野外露营在英国变得流行？正确项：官方露营地的准入受限。

17. Why is camping banned for part of the summer in public parks?
  1. A.It is strongly opposed by nearby residents.
  2. B.It leads to much waste of public money.
  3. C.It has caused environmental concerns.
  4. D.It has created conflicts among campers.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位原因句 → 识别同义替换（dump litter, human waste... → environmental concerns） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么公共公园在夏季部分时间禁止露营？正确项：它引发了环境问题。

18. What does the speaker suggest campers do?
  1. A.Look for open land in Scotland.
  2. B.Leave no trace of their camping.
  3. C.Avoid getting close to wilderness.
  4. D.Ask for permission from authorities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位建议句 → 识别同义替换（leave no trace of their visit → leave no trace of their camping） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：说话者建议露营者做什么？正确项：不留任何露营痕迹。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Imagine boating down the Amazon River, minding your own business—calmly keeping an eye out for alarmingly large snakes—and a curious pink dolphin appears to swim alongside. While this may seem like a mythical creature, pink dolphins do exist in the Amazon region. The Amazon river dolphin is a giant among its species. It can measure up to 2 meters long and weigh around 204 kilograms. Size isn't the only thing that sets the Amazon river dolphin apart. Thriving in South American rivers and temporary lakes caused by seasonal flooding, this freshwater dolphin is sometimes shockingly pink. Although born gray, males of the species are easily identified as they enter adulthood by a decisive pink shade. Their unusual coloring is believed to be the result of scar tissue from dolphin fights— whether playful fighting or a serious bid for a mate. The deeper the pink, the more attractive the males are believed to be, and the older the male, the more pink it will have. There's also a theory that this color helps the dolphins more readily blend in with their surroundings. During heavy rains, rivers along the Amazon rainforest turn a pink shade, and with it male dolphins are harder to detect. The Amazon wetland system, fed by the Amazon River, is a crucial place for pink dolphins to breed, and since 2018 has been granted internationally protected status.

19. What does the passage say about pink dolphins?
  1. A.They outcompete mythical creatures.
  2. B.They usually mind their own business.
  3. C.They truly exist in the Amazon region.
  4. D.They resemble alarmingly large snakes.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位事实句 → 识别同义替换（do exist → truly exist） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：文章关于粉红海豚说了什么？正确项：它们确实存在于亚马逊地区。

20. What is the unusual coloring of pink dolphins believed to originate in?
  1. A.Scar tissue from dolphins' fighting.
  2. B.Skin infection from water pollution.
  3. C.Unhealed wounds from snake bites.
  4. D.Swimming along in seasonal floods.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位原因句 → 识别同义替换（scar tissue from dolphin fights → scar tissue from dolphins' fighting） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：粉红海豚不寻常的颜色被认为源于什么？正确项：海豚打斗留下的疤痕组织。

21. What has become of the Amazon wetland system since 2018?
  1. A.It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.
  2. B.It has been placed under international protection.
  3. C.It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.
  4. D.It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位时间状语 'since 2018' → 捕捉其后动作 'granted internationally protected status' → 同义替换为 'placed under international protection'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：自2018年以来，亚马逊湿地系统发生了什么变化？正确项：它已被置于国际保护之下。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In a new Merrill Lynch/Age Wave survey, a full 70% of the early adults said they received financial support from their parents in the past year and 58% said they couldn't afford their current lifestyles without it. The most common types of financial support include cell phone plans, food, school costs and car expenses. Parental financial support of early adults, said Ken Dychtwald, CEO of Age Wave, is "the new normal". But 64% of the young adults surveyed said parents' financial support to children age 25 to 34 is "a bad thing", because it makes those kids dependent. By contrast, only 29% thought supporting men and women age 18 to 24 is bad; the remaining 71% think that assistance "helps the adult children get ahead". Dychtwald believes the young women and men surveyed were saying that by 25, younger adults ought to be financially independent. In fact, the respondents said, financial independence defines adulthood. "Financial independence is something they were struggling with and challenged by. And it scared them a bit," Dychtwald said. One big reason they're struggling is attributed to college loans, of which the average amounts to $37,000. Many of the parents have taken on college loans for the kids, too, sometimes at the expense of their own finances. In the survey, 60% of early adults define financial success as being debt-free. Whether that's likely, or even possible, anytime soon is anyone's guess. financial support from their parents in the past year and 58% said they couldn't afford their current lifestyles without it.

22. What do we learn from a new survey by Merrill Lynch/Age Wave?
  1. A.About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.
  2. B.Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.
  3. C.A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.
  4. D.Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位调查核心数据 '58% said they couldn't afford their current lifestyles without it' → 同义替换为 'cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support'

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：我们从美林/年龄浪潮的新调查中了解到什么？正确项：大多数年轻人没有父母资助就无法维持其生活方式。

23. Why did most young adults in the survey say financial support to children aged 25 to 34 is a bad thing?
  1. A.It renders them dependent.
  2. B.It causes them to lose dignity.
  3. C.It makes them mentally immature.
  4. D.It hinders them from getting ahead.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位问题关键词 'bad thing' 和年龄组 '25 to 34' → 捕捉原因 'because it makes those kids dependent' → 同义替换为 'renders them dependent'

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：为什么调查中大多数年轻人认为对25至34岁孩子的资助是件坏事？正确项：因为它使他们变得依赖。

24. What did the respondents in the survey say regarding financial independence?
  1. A.It challenges one's willpower.
  2. B.It results from education.
  3. C.It calls for due assistance.
  4. D.It defines adulthood.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'financial independence' → 捕捉受访者观点 'financial independence defines adulthood' → 直接对应选项

考点：细节定位观点捕捉

译文：题干：受访者对财务独立有何看法？正确项：它定义了成年。

25. What is one big reason young adults are struggling?
  1. A.Current lifestyles.
  2. B.Poor budgeting.
  3. C.College loans.
  4. D.Emergency expenses.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位问题关键词 'one big reason' 和 'struggling' → 捕捉原因 'attributed to college loans' → 直接对应选项

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：年轻人挣扎的一个重要原因是什么？正确项：大学贷款。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Over the coming decades, millions of jobs will be threatened by robotics and artificial intelligence. Despite intensive academic [26] on these developments, there has been little study on how workers [27] to being replaced through technology. To find out, business researchers at TUM and Erasmus University Rotterdam conducted 11 studies and surveys with over 2,000 persons from several countries. The findings show: In principle, most people view it more [28] when workers are replaced by other people than by robots or intelligent software. This preference [29] , however, when it refers to people's own jobs. When that is the case, the majority of workers find it less upsetting to see their own jobs go to robots than to other employees. In the long term, however, the same people see machines as more threatening to their future role in the workforce. These effects can also be observed among people who have recently become unemployed. The researchers were able to identify the causes behind these [30] paradoxical results, too: People tend to [31] themselves less with machines than with other people. Consequently, being replaced by a robot or software [32] less of a threat to their feeling of self-worth. This reduced self-threat could even be observed when participants assumed that they were being replaced by other employees who relied on technological abilities such as artificial intelligence in their work. "Even when unemployment results from the [33] of new technologies, people still judge it in a social context," says Christoph Fuchs, one of the authors of the study. "It is important to understand these [34] effects when trying to manage the massive changes in the working world to minimize [35] in society."

A. compareB. contradictsC. conventionalD. debateE. disruptionsF. drasticallyG. favorablyH. guaranteeI. introductionJ. modificationsK. posesL. psychologicalM. reactN. reversesO. seemingly

参考答案与解析

答案：26-D　27-M　28-G　29-N　30-O　31-A　32-K　33-I　34-L　35-E

解析：26 空 定位空格前 'academic' 与空格后 'on these developments' → 识别固定搭配 'academic research on' → 选择名词 'research'。
27 空 定位空格前 'how workers' 与空格后 'to being replaced' → 识别固定搭配 'react to' 或 'respond to' → 选择动词 'react'。
28 空 定位空格前 'view it more' 与空格后 'when workers are replaced by other people than by robots' → 对比‘被他人取代’与‘被机器人取代’的态度 → 选择表示负面评价的形容词 'upsetting'。
29 空 定位空格前 'This preference' 与空格后 'however, when it refers to people's own jobs' → 识别转折关系 → 选择表示‘改变’或‘逆转’的动词 'reverses'。
30 空 定位空格前 'these' 与空格后 'paradoxical results' → 识别空格需修饰 'paradoxical'（矛盾的） → 选择表示‘看似矛盾但可能同时存在’的形容词 'seemingly'。
31 空 定位空格前后的语境（学术研究领域）→ 分析空格处需要表示“研究”或“关注”的名词 → 结合介词“on”和形容词“intensive”进行同义替换 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格前的主语“workers”和介词“to” → 识别固定搭配“react to”（对…作出反应） → 结合语境“工人如何应对被技术取代” → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前的“view it more”和���文对比（被机器人取代 vs 被人取代） → 分析此处需要表示“积极”或“正面”的形容词 → 结合“more”和语境（人们普遍认为被人取代更糟） → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格前的“This preference”和后文“however”转折 → 分析转折后描述的是“自己的工作”被取代时的相反态度 → 结合“however”和“when it refers to people's own jobs” → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格前的“these”和后文“paradoxical results” → 分析“paradoxical”（矛盾的）修饰“results” → 结合前文描述的两种相反态度（对他人 vs 对自己） → 得出答案

考点：固定搭配 research on语境选词固定搭配 react to近义词辨析动词搭配

译文：尽管对这些发展进行了密集的学术研究，但关于工人如何应对被技术取代的研究却很少。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

ACertain institutions, such as schools, are likely to close when bad weather, such as snow, flooding or extreme heat or cold, causes travel difficulties, power outages , or otherwise endangers public safety. When snowy weather arrives in the US, it means the chance of school children benefiting from the long-standing tradition of the "snow day", when schools are forced to close and students get an unexpected day off.
BThe criterion for a snow day is primarily the inability of school buses to operate safely on their routes and danger to children who walk to school. Often, the school remains officially open even though buses do not run and classes are canceled. Severe weather that causes cancellation or delay is more likely in regions that are less able to handle the situation. Snow days are less common in more northern areas of the United States that are used to heavy winter snowfall, because municipalities are well equipped to clear roads and remove snow. In areas less accustomed to snow even small snowfalls of an inch or two may render roads unsafe.
CSnow days are a familiar theme in American film and TV shows, with children getting the good news and then running outside for some seasonal snowman-building and snowball throwing, against a background of joyful pop music. But the tradition is now over for pupils in several US states such as South Carolina, Nevada, Georgia and Indiana. This academic year, many school boards have introduced policies which require students to work from home if the school is shut by snow or extreme weather. They are known as "e- learning days", which certainly sounds less fun than a snow day.
DTeachers are also losing their snow days and instead will be expected to be on hand to take a virtual register and answer students' questions online. A pilot programme in a school district in Anderson County, South Carolina, has supplied students with electronic tablets loaded with assignments to complete in the event of a school closure. If it is successful, it could be rolled out across the state.
EBut some parents object to the new policy if the vigorous debate on the Facebook page of Anderson County school district is anything to go by. "When it snows, let the kids enjoy it," said one commenter. Another said the decision would "ruin school even more", and someone else called snow days "a fun part of childhood". But supporters of the policy say it means children will miss fewer days of school. It will also bring to an end a less popular US high school tradition: the "make-up day", which requires students in many states to make up the time lost due to weather by working during school holidays.
FStudents in North Carolina already have several make-up days scheduled because of school closures during Hurricane Florence, which struck in September. Tom Wilson, the superintendent( ) of Anderson County school district, said the change away from snow days makes practical and financial sense. He said technology has changed every profession, so it makes sense to use it to "eliminate" make-up days. Adam Baker of the Department of Education in Indiana said e-learning days were proving a "great success". He said most Indiana schools already use digital devices during lessons, so it was an "easy decision" to extend this to days when schools are closed. He denies the decision is depriving children of the chance to enjoy the snow. "Students are still able to enjoy snow days and outside time," he said. "Many have PE and science assignments that have them out enjoying the weather." But local school superintendents in Ohio are resisting proposals to adopt e-learning days. They fear that students without internet access at home will be disadvantaged by the policy, and superintendent Tom Roth is concerned that e-learning days will offer a lower quality of education.
GThere are also so-called "blizzard bags", with assignments that children take home ahead of an expected snow closure. But Mr Roth says it is not sufficient as a replacement. "I think we still need the class time to give our kids the education that they deserve," he said. "You can't get that with a blizzard bag or doing the work from home like that. It's not going to be as effective."
HThere is a long-running debate on whether missing days of school affects attainment. In England, there has been a focus on tackling absenteeism from school. The Department for Education (DFE) published research in 2016 arguing that missing any days at school could have a negative impact on results. Even a few days lost in a year could be enough to miss out on getting a good exam grade, the DFE's research concluded. This differed from the findings of a study from Harvard University in the US, which concluded that missing a few occasional days because of the weather did not damage learning.
IThe Harvard study examined seven years of school results data and could not find any impact from snow closures. What caused more disruption was when schools tried to stay open in bad weather, even though many staff and pupils were absent. But weather can make a difference to school results, according to another piece of Harvard research published last summer. It's hot weather that has the negative impact. The results of 10 million school students were examined over 13 years and researchers found a "significant" link between years with extremely hot weather and lower results.
JIt's obvious that students should go to school every day to get the most out of education. In cases of extreme weather students don't always have that option. However, research shows that authorised absences from school such as during extreme weather are less problematic for students than absences that are not authorised. This is because unauthorised absences tend to reflect patterns and behaviours of student disengagement, or the possible negative attitudes of parents towards education that students adopt and carry with them through schooling. The level of impact on students' educational performance is all to do with the length of time that a student is absent from school and how regularly this occurs.
1. There is opposition to the practice of giving children assignments to take home before extreme weather forces a school closure. （G）
2. New policies adopted by many US schools require students to do online learning at home in case of a school closure. （C）
3. According to some research, extreme hot weather negatively affects students' performance. （I）
4. There is a time-honoured tradition in the US for school kids to stay at home on "snow days". （A）
5. Debates on social media show some parents are opposed to ending the "snow day" tradition. （E）
6. In more northern regions of the US, school is less likely to be affected by snowy weather. （B）
7. Research indicates absences from school with permission do not cause as many problems as those without permission. （J）
8. There is objection to e-learning days owing to fear that students with no access to the Internet at home will suffer. （F）
9. In a pilot programme, students are given electronic devices to do assignments when schools are closed. （D）
10. Along-standing debate is going on over the impact of school absences on students' academic performance. （H）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-G　2-C　3-I　4-A　5-E　6-B　7-J　8-F　9-D　10-H

解析：36. 定位题干关键信息（对极端天气停课前布置家庭作业的反对） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落（段落[D]提及教师失去雪天假期并需在线工作，但未提及反对意见；段落[C]提及政策要求学生在家学习，但未提及反对；段落[A]和[B]讨论雪天停课标准，未提及反对） → 结合段落[D]末尾的省略号暗示内容未完，且题干信息在已给段落中无直接对应，推断该信息应在未完整呈现的段落[G]中 → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'online learning at home' → 在段落C中找到同义替换 'work from home' 及其背景 'e-learning days' → 确认该政策是针对学校因恶劣天气关闭时的替代方案
38. 定位题干关键词 → 在语篇中寻找对应信息 → 匹配段落
39. 定位题干关键词 'time-honoured tradition' → 在段落[A]中找到同义表达 'long-standing tradition' → 确认该传统指代 'snow day' → 得出答案
40. 定位题干关键词 → 在语篇中定位对应段落 → 识别段落主旨与题干陈述的匹配关系
41. 定位段落B → 提取‘Snow days are less common in more northern areas...’ → 同义替换为‘less likely to be affected’
42. 定位段落D → 提取‘excused absences... are not as harmful as unexcused absences’ → 同义替换为‘do not cause as many problems’
43. 定位段落F → 提取‘concerns... about students who do not have access to the Internet at home’ → 同义替换为‘objection... owing to fear’
44. 定位段落D → 提取‘pilot programme... students are given electronic devices’ → 同义替换为‘pilot programme... students are given electronic devices to do assignments’
45. 定位段落H → 提取‘long-standing debate... impact of school absences on students' academic performance’ → 同义替换为‘long-standing debate... impact of school absences on students' academic performance’

考点：细节定位指代衔接语篇推断同义替换细节定位与捕捉段落主旨匹配同义改写推理判断

译文：题干：对于在极端天气导致学校关闭前给学生布置家庭作业的做法存在反对。正确项G：（根据推断，该段落应包含对上述做法的反对意见）

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

It may sound surprising, but you don't have to be interested in fashion, or even in history, to enjoy Dress Codes: How the Laws of Fashion Made History. I happen to be interested in both, and ended up enjoying the book for completely different reasons. Richard Thompson Ford is a law professor, and you probably won't forget that for even one page. His carefully reasoned arguments, packed with examples, sound almost like reading a court opinion, only maybe wordier. You will probably never think of fashion as a trifle again. Ford's thesis is that the best way to understand what particular fashions meant in any given era is to look at the restrictions placed on them. Through this lens, he shows us that the first laws passed in the 1200s to ensure that only the nobility were allowed to wear certain fabrics, colors and ornaments reflected the rise of the middle class, who were now able to imitate some of these fashions. The status of the upper classes was threatened; fashion was a tool to preserve it. Ford takes the reader through the evolution of fashion while examining the underlying motivations of status, sex, power, and personality, which, he assumes, influenced all innovations in fashion in the past and which continue to influence us today. His writing is more than a little dense—dense with research, clauses, and precise adjectives and nouns. But there's also humor and enough interesting episodes to make the writing appealing. No one is spared his sharp analysis: not the easy targets of 19th century women's crippling( ) fashions nor the modern uniforms of Silicon Valley T-shirts But the greatest strength of this book (on fashion!) is its intellectual profoundness. Ford asks us to question unconscious beliefs, to realize that we almost never do so, to understand that the simplest choices are charged with meaning, and yet that meaning can and does change all the time. Consider the fact that a 1918 catalog insisted that boys and girls be dressed in the appropriate color. We believe our thinking today is evolved; Ford shows us it's not.

46. What does the author think of the book Dress Codes: How the Laws of Fashion Made History?
  1. A.It is read by people for entirely different reasons.
  2. B.It is meant for those interested in fashion history.
  3. C.It makes enjoyable as well as informative reading.
  4. D.It converts fashion into something for deliberation.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位作者对书的整体评价 → 综合文中关于阅读体验（enjoyable）和内容深度（informative）的描述 → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括细节综合

译文：题干：作者如何评价《着装规范：时尚法律如何创造历史》这本书？正确项C：它读起来既令人愉快，又富有知识性。

47. How can people best understand a particular fashion in an era, according to Ford?
  1. A.By examining the restraints imposed on it.
  2. B.By looking at what the nobility were wearing.
  3. C.By glancing at its fabrics, colors and ornaments.
  4. D.By doing a survey of the upper and middle classes
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Ford的核心论点（thesis） → 识别同义替换（restrictions → restraints） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据Ford的观点，人们如何最好地理解某个时代的特定时尚？正确项A：通过审视施加于它的限制。

48. What was the aim of the first laws passed regarding fashion in the 1200s?
  1. A.To facilitate the rise of the middle class.
  2. B.To loosen restrictions on dress codes.
  3. C.To help initiate some novel fashions
  4. D.To preserve the status of the nobles.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关于1200s法律的描述 → 识别其目的（to ensure that only the nobility were allowed...） → 推理其深层目的（preserve status） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位目的推理

译文：题干：1200年代通过的关于时尚的第一批法律的目的是什么？正确项D：为了维护贵族的地位。

49. What does the author think of Ford's writing?
  1. A.It uses comparison and contrast in describing fashions of different eras.
  2. B.It makes heavy reading but is not lacking in humor or appeal.
  3. C.It is filled with interesting episodes to spare readers intolerable boredom.
  4. D.It is characteristic of academics in presenting arguments.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位作者对Ford写作风格的评价 → 综合“dense”与“humor and...appealing”的描述 → 得出答案

考点：观点态度细节综合

译文：题干：作者如何评价Ford的写作风格？正确项B：它读起来沉重，但不乏幽默和吸引力。

50. What does the author say is the greatest strength of Ford's book?
  1. A.Plentiful information.
  2. B.Meaningful choices.
  3. C.Evolved thinking.
  4. D.Intellectual depth
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位“greatest strength”这一信号词 → 直接提取其后的宾语（intellectual profoundness） → 得出答案

考点：信号词捕捉细节定位

译文：题干：作者说Ford这本书最大的优点是什么？正确项D：思想深度。

The art of persuasion means convincing others to agree with your point of view or to follow your course of action. For some of us, persuasion is an instinctive quality and the power of influencing comes naturally. For the rest of us, persuasion skills can be learned and developed over time. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as committed to or convinced of the importance of an organization's vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it'll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but logic and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using visual aids to back up your ideas can help communicate your ideas better and make compelling arguments so your listeners will come to a logical choice and become fully committed to your ideas and plans. Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to sustain those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed alongside you. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get persuaded every day—we're either convincing or being convinced. A vast majority of people prefer collaboration and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes.

51. What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph?
  1. A.People may either be born with it or be able to cultivate it.
  2. B.It proves crucial in making others follow one's course of action.
  3. C.It refers to the natural and instinctive power of influencing one's coworkers.
  4. D.People may view it as both a means to convince others and an art of communication.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首段关于说服力来源的描述 → 提取‘天生’与‘后天培养’两种途径 → 概括为选项A

考点：细节定位同义概括

译文：题干：作者在第一段中关于说服能力说了什么？正确项：人们可能天生具备它，也可能能够培养它。

52. Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace?
  1. A.They enable employees to be convinced of their long-term gains.
  2. B.They enable employees to trust their leaders unconditionally.
  3. C.They help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal.
  4. D.They help an organization to broaden its vision effectively.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘Employers place a great value...’后的因果句 → 提取‘impact several aspects of job performance’ → 匹配选项C的‘motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal’作为具体表现

考点：因果细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么说服技能在工作场所备受重视？正确项：它们有助于激励同事为共同目标而努力。

53. What should people do to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace?
  1. A.Acquire effective communication skills.
  2. B.Avoid getting involved in conflicts with others.
  3. C.Understand the reason for pursuing their goals.
  4. D.Commit themselves fully to their ideas and plans.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘In order to learn the art of persuasion...’后的建议 → 提取‘Good communication is the first step’ → 匹配选项A

考点：目的细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：人们在工作场所应如何学习说服的艺术？正确项：掌握有效的沟通技巧。

54. When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers?
  1. A.When they are convinced you work in their interests while sacrificing your own
  2. B.When they become aware of the potential strength of the judgements you make
  3. C.When they become aware of the meaningful relationships you keep with them.
  4. D.When they are convinced they will make achievements together with you.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when...’ → 提取‘they succeed alongside you’ → 概括为选项D

考点：条件细节定位同义概括

译文：题干：何时你更可能成功说服同事？正确项：当他们确信会共同取得成就时。

55. Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes?
  1. A.To convince employees of the value of collaboration
  2. B.To allow for the preferences of most people of today
  3. C.To improve on traditional organizational structures
  4. D.To adapt to employees' ever-changing working styles
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位结论句‘Therefore...’ → 回溯其原因句‘A vast majority of people prefer collaboration... no one likes to be told what to do’ → 概括为选项B

考点：结论推断因果逻辑

译文：题干：为什么建议组织和领导者采用强大的说服技能来推动必要的变革？正确项：为了适应当今大多数人的偏好。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university canteens should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Recently, our university has been collecting opinions on whether campus canteens should welcome outside visitors. In my view, opening them to the public is a wise move that benefits both the campus and the community. For one thing, university canteens usually offer clean and affordable meals, so opening them can relieve the dining pressure faced by nearby residents and office workers who struggle to find cheap lunches. For another, the extra income earned from these visitors allows canteens to upgrade their equipment and even lower prices for students. Admittedly, more diners may cause crowding and raise safety concerns; however, such problems can be eased by setting fixed visiting hours and checking visitors at the gate. Therefore, I firmly believe that a properly managed open canteen is worthwhile. As long as student needs come first, sharing this resource makes our university a warmer part of society.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

汉语中的 "福"字 (the character fu)表示幸福和好运,是中国传统文化中最常用的吉祥(auspicious) 符号之一。人们通常将一个大大的福字写在红纸上, 寓意期盼家庭幸福、社会安定、国家昌盛。春节贴福字是民间由来已久的习俗。为了欢庆春节, 家家户户都会将福字贴在门上或墙上, 表达对幸福生活的向往、对美好未来的期待。人们有时还将福字倒过来贴,表示幸福已到、好运已到。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

The Chinese character "Fu" means happiness and good fortune, and is one of the most commonly used auspicious symbols in traditional Chinese culture. People usually write a large character "Fu" on red paper, expressing their wish for family happiness, social stability and national prosperity. Pasting the character "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom. To celebrate the Spring Festival, every household pastes the character "Fu" on doors or walls, expressing their longing for a happy life and their expectation for a better future. Sometimes people also paste the character "Fu" upside down to indicate that happiness and good fortune have arrived.

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