2015年06月大学英语六级真题（第1套）及答案解析

六级 CET-6真题 · 在线做题

2015年06月大学英语六级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2015 年 · 6月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2015年06月大学英语六级真题（第1套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Jack, sit down and listen. This is important. We'll have to tackle the problems of exporting step by step. And the first move is to get an up-to-date picture of where we stand now.

1. What does the woman intend to do?
  1. A.Persuade the man to join her company.
  2. B.Employ the most up-to-date technology.
  3. C.Export bikes to foreign markets.
  4. D.Expand their domestic business.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话结尾女方提议与男方最终同意 → 推断女方核心意图 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位意图推断

译文：题干：女士打算做什么？正确项：将自行车出口到国外市场。

2. Why does the man think it's safe to focus on the home market?
  1. A.The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.
  2. B.The government has control over bicycle imports.
  3. C.They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.
  4. D.They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士陈述国内市场安全的原因 → 匹配选项同义改写 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士为什么认为专注于国内市场是安全的？正确项：政府对自行车进口有控制。

3. What is the man's concern about selling bikes abroad?
  1. A.Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.
  2. B.More workers will be needed to do packaging.
  3. C.They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.
  4. D.It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士对出口的担忧 → 推断其核心顾虑 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：男士对在国外销售自行车有什么担忧？正确项：额外成本可能会吞噬他们在国外的利润。

4. What do the speakers agree to do?
  1. A.Report to the management.
  2. B.Attract foreign investments.
  3. C.Conduct a feasibility study.
  4. D.Consult financial experts.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话结尾双方达成的共识 → 匹配选项同义改写 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者同意做什么？正确项：进行可行性研究。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 8（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: What does the term "alternative energy source" mean?

5. What do we usually refer to when we talk about energy according to the man?
  1. A.Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.
  2. B.Anything that can be used to produce power.
  3. C.Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.
  4. D.Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士对“energy”的定义 → 匹配选项同义改写 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位语境选词

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，我们通常所说的能源指的是什么？正确项：从地下开采的石油提炼的燃料。

6. What do most experts agree on according to the man?
  1. A.Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.
  2. B.Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.
  3. C.Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.
  4. D.Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位专家共识句 → 提取时间点与核心事件 → 匹配选项同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，大多数专家同意什么？正确项：到2025年，全球石油产量将开始下降。

7. What does the man think we should do now?
  1. A.Minimize the use of fossil fuels.
  2. B.Start developing alternative fuels.
  3. C.Find the real cause for global warming.
  4. D.Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士给出的建议句 → 提取核心行动建议 → 匹配选项同义改写

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：男士认为我们现在应该做什么？正确项：开始开发替代燃料。

8. How do fossil fuels affect the environment?
  1. A.They release harmful substances when they are burned.
  2. B.They dissolve in the water and cause a waste of water.
  3. C.They release poisonous gas and lead to pollution.
  4. D.They are burned inefficiently resulting in a waste of resources. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位化石燃料对环境影响的描述句 → 提取核心机制 → 匹配选项同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：化石燃料如何影响环境？正确项：它们在燃烧时释放有害物质。

听力原文 · Questions 9 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Karen Smith is a buyer for a department store in New York. Department store buyers purchase the goods that their stores sell. They not only have to know what is fashionable at the moment, but also have to guess what will become fashionable next season or next year. Most buyers work for just one department in a store. But the goods that Karen finds may be displayed and sold in several different sections of the store. Her job involves buying handicrafts from all over the world. Last year, she made a trip to Morocco and returned with rugs, pots, dishes and pans. The year before, she visited Mexico, and bought back handmade table cloths, mirrors with frames of tin, and paper flowers. The paper flowers are bright and colorful, so they were used to decorate the whole store. This year Karen is travelling in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Many of the countries that Karen visits have government offices that promote handicrafts. The officials are glad to cooperate with her by showing her the products that are available. Karen especially likes to visit markets in small towns and villages whenever she can arrange for it. She is always looking for interesting and unusual items. Karen thinks she has the best job she could have found. She loves all the travelling that she has to do, because she often visits markets and small out-of-the-way places. She sees much more of the country she visits than an ordinary tourist would. As soon as she gets back to New York from one trip, Karen begins to plan another. will become fashionable next season or next year.

9. What is said to make a good department store buyer?
  1. A.The ability to predict fashion trends.
  2. B.A refined taste for artistic works.
  3. C.Years of practical experience.
  4. D.Strict professional training.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位描述优秀采购员特质的句子 → 提取核心能力 → 匹配选项同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：什么被认为是成为一名优秀百货商店采购员的关键？正确项：预测时尚潮流的能力。

10. What does Karen's job involve?
  1. A.Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.
  2. B.Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.
  3. C.Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.
  4. D.Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位描述Karen工作内容的句子 → 提取核心职责 → 匹配选项同义改写

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Karen的工作涉及什么？正确项：从世界各地采购手工艺品。

11. Why does Karen think she has got the best job?
  1. A.She has access to fashionable things.
  2. B.She is doing what she enjoys doing.
  3. C.She can enjoy life on a modest salary.
  4. D.She is free to do whatever she wants.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键词 'best job' → 后文解释原因 'She loves all the travelling' → 同义替换为 'doing what she enjoys'

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断

译文：题干：为什么 Karen 认为她得到了最好的工作？正确项：她正在做她喜欢做的事情。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Mark felt that it was time for him to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work. The area city council woman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline. The neighborhood faced many problems. Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls. There were charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in vacant buildings. Mark read from the charts, "Police patrols cut back, illegal parking up 20%." People were supposed to suggest solutions to the council woman. It was too much for Mark. "The problems are too big," he thought. He turned to the man next to him and said, "I think this is a waste of my time. Nothing I could do would make a difference here." As he neared the bus stop on his way home, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag and a baby. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little boy, suddenly darted into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted, and groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy's arm and led him back to his mother. "You gotta stay with mom," he said. Then he picked up the stray groceries while the woman smiled in relief. "Thanks," she said, "You've got great timing." "Just being neighborly," Mark said. As he rode home, he glanced at the poster near his seat in the bus: Small acts of kindness add up. Mark smiled and thought, "Maybe that's a good place to start."

12. What did Mark think he should start doing?
  1. A.Join in neighborhood patrols.
  2. B.Get involved in his community.
  3. C.Voice his complaints to the city council.
  4. D.Make suggestions to the local authorities.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 Mark 的思考 'Maybe that's a good place to start' → 指代前文 'Small acts of kindness' 与 'Just being neighborly' → 推理出核心是参与社区

考点：指代推理同义替换主旨概括

译文：题干：Mark 认为他应该开始做什么？正确项：参与他的社区。

13. What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighborhood meeting?
  1. A.Deterioration in the quality of life.
  2. B.Increase of police patrols at night.
  3. C.Renovation of the vacant buildings.
  4. D.Violation of community regulations.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位 Mark 到达会议时的情景 → 听到 'leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline' → 同义替换为 'Deterioration in the quality of life'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Mark 到达社区会议时，正在讨论什么？正确项：生活质量的恶化。

14. What did Mark think of the community's problems?
  1. A.They may take a long time to solve.
  2. B.They need assistance from the city.
  3. C.They have to be dealt with one by one.
  4. D.They are too big for individual efforts.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位 Mark 的内心独白 'The problems are too big' 与 'Nothing I could do would make a difference' → 推理出他认为个人努力无法解决问题

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：Mark 如何看待社区的问题？正确项：它们太大了，个人努力无法解决。

15. Why did Mark smile on his ride home?
  1. A.He had got some groceries at a big discount.
  2. B.He had read a funny poster near his seat.
  3. C.He had done a small deed of kindness.
  4. D.He had caught the bus just in time. questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 Mark 微笑的时刻 → 关联前文他帮助妇女和孩子的行为 → 结合海报 'Small acts of kindness add up' → 推理出微笑源于做了善举

考点：细节定位逻辑衔接推理判断

译文：题干：Mark 在回家的路上为什么笑了？正确项：他做了一件小小的善举。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 19（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Industrialization came to the United States after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year—30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life. The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the change of the way in which workers made goods. Since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs-even without technological improvements—had broadened the scope of the work system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extent of the work system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by skilled shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously skilled shoemakers would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting the price. Entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modern factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the creative inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers. increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent.

16. What is the talk mainly about?
  1. A.The difficulties of industrialization in North America.
  2. B.The influence of industrialization on people's life.
  3. C.The negative effect of industrialization in North America.
  4. D.Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首段主题句（reorganizing work and building factories）→ 概括全文核心（组织生产方式的改进）→ 得出答案

考点：主旨大意同义替换

译文：题干：这个讲座主要关于什么？正确项：改进商品制造的组织方式。

17. Why does the speaker mention the shoe industry?
  1. A.To provide an example of how entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended work system.
  2. B.To provide an example of how entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output.
  3. C.To provide an example of how rural workers responded to shoe bosses.
  4. D.To provide an example of how changes in the work system improved the quality of shoes.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位鞋业例子前的论点句（gain in output stemmed from change of way）→ 识别例子功能（例证前文观点）→ 得出答案

考点：例证功能推理判断

译文：题干：演讲者为什么提到制鞋业？正确项：作为企业家如何增加产出的例子。

18. According to the talk, how did later mills differ from the mill built by Oliver Evans?
  1. A.They were located away from large cities.
  2. B.They used new technology to produce power.
  3. C.They did not allow flour to cool before it was placed in barrels.
  4. D.They combined technology with the work system.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Oliver Evans磨坊描述（water power）→ 定位后续磨坊描述（steam engines）→ 对比差异（动力来源）→ 得出答案

考点：细节对比指代衔接

译文：题干：根据讲座，后来的磨坊与Oliver Evans建造的磨坊有何不同？正确项：它们使用新技术来产生动力。

19. Which of the following is mentioned as a result of improvements in factory machinery?
  1. A.It became easier for factory owners to find workers and customers.
  2. B.Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.
  3. C.The amount of power required for factories' operation was reduced.
  4. D.Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位工厂机械改进的段落（power-driven machines, assembly-line）→ 推断其结果（大规模生产、城市建厂）→ 匹配选项（城市建厂→易找工人和顾客）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：以下哪项被提及为工厂机械改进的结果？正确项：工厂主更容易找到工人和顾客。

听力原文 · Questions 20 to 22（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870's, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861- 1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with loyalty to real life and accurate representation without any idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the true relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science. Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style. Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience. Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions. significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism.

20. According to the talk, what was a highly significant factor in the development of realist and naturalist literature?
  1. A.The Civil War.
  2. B.An economic depression.
  3. C.A recognition that romanticism was unpopular.
  4. D.An increased interest in the study of common speech.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首段主题句（economic depression contributed significantly to...）→ 识别因果关系（经济萧条→现实主义/自然主义文学）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位逻辑衔接

译文：题干：根据讲座，现实主义和自然主义文学发展的一个高度重要因素是什么？正确项：经济萧条。

21. Why is Mark Twain considered as a very important literary figure?
  1. A.Because he wrote humorous stories and novels.
  2. B.Because he rejected romanticism as a literary approach.
  3. C.Because he was the first realist writer in the United States.
  4. D.Because he influenced American prose style through his use of common speech.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位Mark Twain段落 → 提取其核心贡献（used dialect and common speech... touching off a major change in American prose style） → 同义替换为选项D

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：为什么马克·吐温被认为是一位非常重要的文学人物？正确项D：因为他通过使用方言和日常语言影响了美国散文风格。

22. What can we learn about Theodore Dreiser, according to the talk?
  1. A.He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War.
  2. B.His novels often contained elements of humor.
  3. C.He viewed himself more as a social observer than as a literary artist.
  4. D.He believed writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Theodore Dreiser段落 → 提取其观点（Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance） → 推断其自我定位（tell the truth） → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位观点推断

译文：题干：根据讲座，我们能了解到关于西奥多·德莱塞的什么信息？正确项C：他认为自己更像一个社会观察家，而不是一个文学家。

听力原文 · Questions 23 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Moderator: Welcome to "Science World". Today we have Dr. Michael Hudson, Chief of the Department of Life Science in Boston University. It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? Dr.

23. What does Dr. Hudson say regarding the vast majority of species in Earth's history at the beginning of the lecture?
  1. A.They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.
  2. B.They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
  3. C.They have caused rapid change in the environment.
  4. D.They are no longer in existence.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位讲座开头（at the beginning） → 捕捉主持人陈述（over 99 percent of all species... have become extinct） → 同义替换为选项D

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：在讲座开始时，哈德森博士关于地球历史上绝大多数物种说了什么？正确项D：它们已不复存在。

24. What does the evidence from fossils suggest?
  1. A.Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history.
  2. B.Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive.
  3. C.There has been only one mass extinction in Earth's history.
  4. D.Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位化石记录相关段落 → 提取关键信息（extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth） → 同义替换为选项A

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：化石证据表明了什么？正确项A：物种的灭绝在整个地球历史中不时发生。

25. What can we learn about the "interesting and controversial" finding?
  1. A.Extinctions during the past 25 million years have tended to be more intense every 2.6 million years.
  2. B.The theory that the periodic extinction had something to do with the Earth's movement is only a speculation.
  3. C.This finding was already confirmed by the most prestigious scientists in the world.
  4. D.A species' survival totally depends on its ability or inability to adapt.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位“interesting and controversial finding”段落 → 提取核心发现（extinctions... have tended to be more intense every 26 million years）及其解释（might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative） → 同义替换为选项B

考点：细节定位观点推断

译文：题干：关于这个“有趣且有争议的”发现，我们能了解到什么？正确项B：周期性灭绝与彗星云有关的理论是推测性的。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Innovation, the elixir( ) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were [26] aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past [30] years the digital revolution has [27] many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were. For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising [28] . Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more [29] society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was [30] on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered [31] , but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has [32] , but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its [33] . Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's [34] will feel like a tornado , hitting the rich world first, but [35] sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.

A. benefitsB. displacedC. employedD. eventuallyE. impactF. joblessG. primarilyH. productiveI. prosperityJ. responsiveK. rhythmL. sentimentsM. shrunkN. sweptO. withdrawn

参考答案与解析

答案：26-N　27-B　28-I　29-H　30-C　31-F　32-M　33-A　34-E　35-D

解析：26 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（hand weavers）与动作（被机械织布机取代）的被动关系 → 结合固定搭配（be set aside）与语境（被取代、淘汰） → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（digital revolution）与宾语（mid-skill jobs）的动宾关系 → 结合后文（dispensed with, just as the weavers were）的同义提示 → 得出答案
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析短语（a natural part of rising ...）的固定搭配与语义 → 结合前文（technological progress has made the world a better place）的积极基调 → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析从句（as a more ... society becomes richer）的因果逻辑 → 结合后文（its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services）的需求驱动 → 得出答案
30 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析时间状语（Over the past ... years）与数字革命的持续时间 → 结合常识（数字革命始于20世纪末） → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑（dislocating effects vs. benefits） → 选择与‘dislocating effects’形成对比的正面名词 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析转折连词‘but’后的对比信息（secretaries vs. programmers） → 选择表示‘减少’的动词 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析‘faster than’引导的比较结构 → 选择与‘dislocating effects’（负面）形成对比的正面名词 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析比喻‘like a tornado’及‘hitting...first’ → 选择表示‘影响、冲击’的名词 → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析‘but’引导的转折及‘sweeping through’的动作 → 选择表示‘最终、也’的副词 → 得出答案

考点：被动语态固定搭配 set aside语境选词同义替换近义词辨析固定搭配熟词僻义因果逻辑时间逻辑

译文：在工业革命中，手工织布工被机械织布机___。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AHave you ever fallen for a novel and been amazed not to find it on lists of great books? Or walked around a sculpture renowned as a classic, struggling to see what the fuss is about? If so, you've probably pondered the question a psychologist, James Cutting, asked himself: How does a work of art come to be considered great?
BThe intuitive answer is that some works of art are just great: of intrinsically superior quality. The paintings that win prime spots in galleries, get taught in classes and reproduced in books are the ones that have proved their artistic value over time. If you can't see they're superior, that's your problem. It's an intimidatingly neat explanation. But some social scientists have been asking awkward questions of it, raising the possibility that artistic canons are little more than fossilised historical accidents.
CCutting, a professor at Cornell University, wondered if a psychological mechanism known as the "mere- exposure effect" played a role in deciding which paintings rise to the top of the cultural league. Cutting designed an experiment to test his hunch . Over a lecture course he regularly showed undergraduates works of impressionism for two seconds at a time. Some of the paintings were canonical, included in art- history books. Others were lesser known but of comparable quality. These were exposed four times as often. Afterwards, the students preferred them to the canonical works, while a control group of students liked the canonical ones best. Cutting's students had grown to like those paintings more simply because they had seen them more.
DCutting believes his experiment offers a clue as to how canons are formed. He points out that the most reproduced works of impressionism today tend to have been bought by five or six wealthy and influential collectors in the late 19th century. The preferences of these men bestowed prestige on certain works, which made the works more likely to be hung in galleries and printed in collections. The fame passed down the years, gaining momentum from mere exposure as it did so. The more people were exposed to, the more they liked it, and the more they liked it, the more it appeared in books, on posters and in big exhibitions. Meanwhile, academics and critics created sophisticated justifications for its preeminence( ). After all, it's not just the masses who tend to rate what they see more often more highly. As contemporary artists like Warhol and Damien Hirst have grasped, critics' praise is deeply entwined with publicity. "Scholars", Cutting argues, "are no different from the public in the effects of mere exposure."
EThe process described by Cutting evokes a principle that the sociologist Duncan Watts calls "cumulative advantage": once a thing becomes popular, it will tend to become more popular still. A few years ago, Watts, who is employed by Microsoft to study the dynamics of social networks, had a similar experience to Cutting's in another Paris museum. After queuing to see the "Mona Lisa" in its climate-controlled bulletproof box at the Louvre, he came away puzzled: why was it considered so superior to the three other Leonardos in the previous chamber, to which nobody seemed to be paying the slightest attention?
FWhen Watts looked into the history of "the greatest painting of all time", he discovered that, for most of its life, the "Mona Lisa" remained in relative obscurity. In the 1850s, Leonardo da Vinci was considered no match for giants of Renaissance art like Titian and Raphael, whose works were worth almost ten times as much as the "Mona Lisa". It was only in the 20th century that Leonardo's portrait of his patron's wife rocketed to the number-one spot. What propelled it there wasn't a scholarly re-evaluation, but a theft.
GIn 1911 a maintenance worker at the Louvre walked out of the museum with the "Mona Lisa" hidden under his smock . Parisians were shocked at the theft of a painting to which, until then, they had paid little attention. When the museum reopened, people queued to see the gap where the "Mona Lisa" had once hung in a way they had never done for the painting itself. From then on, the "Mona Lisa" came to represent Western culture itself.
HAlthough many have tried, it does seem improbable that the painting's unique status can be attributed entirely to the quality of its brushstrokes. It has been said that the subject's eyes follow the viewer around the room. But as the painting's biographer, Donald Sassoon, dryly notes, "In reality the effect can be obtained from any portrait." Duncan Watts proposes that the "Mona Lisa" is merely an extreme example of a general rule. Paintings, poems and pop songs are buoyed or sunk by random events or preferences that turn into waves of influence, passing down the generations.
I"Saying that cultural objects have value," Brian Eno once wrote, "is like saying that telephones have conversations." Nearly all the cultural objects we consume arrive wrapped in inherited opinion; our preferences are always, to some extent, someone else's. Visitors to the "Mona Lisa" know they are about to visit the greatest work of art ever and come away appropriately impressed—or let down. An audience at a performance of "Hamlet" knows it is regarded as a work of genius, so that is what they mostly see. Watts even calls the preeminence of Shakespeare a "historical accident".
JAlthough the rigid high-low distinction fell apart in the 1960s, we still use culture as a badge of identity. Today's fashion for eclecticism —"I love Bach, ABBA and Jay Z"—is, Shamus Khan, a Columbia University psychologist, argues, a new way for the middle class to distinguish themselves from what they perceive to be the narrow tastes of those beneath them in the social hierarchy.
KThe intrinsic quality of a work of art is starting to seem like its least important attribute. But perhaps it's more significant than our social scientists allow. First of all, a work needs a certain quality to be eligible to be swept to the top of the pile. The "Mona Lisa" may not be a worthy world champion, but it was in the Louvre in the first place, and not by accident. Secondly, some stuff is simply better than other stuff. Read "Hamlet" after reading even the greatest of Shakespeare's contemporaries, and the difference may strike you as unarguable.
LA study in the British Journal of Aesthetics suggests that the exposure effect doesn't work the same way on everything, and points to a different conclusion about how canons are formed. The social scientists are right to say that we should be a little sceptical of greatness, and that we should always look in the next room. Great art and mediocrity can get confused, even by experts. But that's why we need to see, and read, as much as we can. The more we're exposed to the good and the bad, the better we are at telling the difference. The eclecticists have it.
1. According to Duncan Watts, the superiority of the "Mona Lisa" to Leonardo's other works resulted from the cumulative advantage. （E）
2. Some social scientists have raised doubts about the intrinsic value of certain works of art. （B）
3. It is often random events or preferences that determine the fate of a piece of art. （H）
4. In his experiment, Cutting found that his subjects liked lesser known works better than canonical works because of more exposure. （C）
5. The author thinks the greatness of an art work still lies in its intrinsic value. （K）
6. It is true of critics as well as ordinary people that the popularity of artistic works is closely associated with publicity. （D）
7. We need to expose ourselves to more art and literature in order to tell the superior from the inferior. （L）
8. A study of the history of the greatest paintings suggests even a great work of art could experience years of neglect. （F）
9. Culture is still used as a mark to distinguish one social class from another. （J）
10. Opinions about and preferences for cultural objects are often inheritable. （I）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-E　2-B　3-H　4-C　5-K　6-D　7-L　8-F　9-J　10-I

解析：36. 定位Duncan Watts观点 → 识别其关于‘累积优势’的论述 → 匹配至对应段落
37. 定位‘社会科学家’及其‘质疑’ → 识别其对‘内在价值’的怀疑态度 → 匹配至对应段落
38. 定位‘随机事件或偏好’决定艺术命运的观点 → 识别其与‘累积优势’理论的关联 → 匹配至对应段落
39. 定位Cutting实验 → 识别实验对象（受试者）及其偏好变化 → 匹配至对应段落
40. 定位作者观点 → 识别其对‘内在价值’的立场 → 匹配至对应段落
41. 定位题干关键词 'critics' 'ordinary people' 'publicity' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [D] 中 'the public' 与 'critics' 的对比 → 同义替换 'publicity' 为 'public' 的曝光与关注 → 得出答案
42. 定位题干核心观点 'expose ourselves to more art... tell the superior from the inferior' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [C] 的实验结论与段落 [B] 对'内在优越性'的质疑 → 推断出作者认为曝光影响判断，而非曝光本身能提升鉴别力 → 得出答案
43. 定位题干关键词 'history of the greatest paintings' 'years of neglect' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [D] 关于印象派画作历史的描述 → 同义替换 'neglect' 为 'lesser known' 或 'not canonical' → 得出答案
44. 定位题干关键词 'culture' 'mark' 'distinguish' 'social class' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [D] 关于富人收藏与文化经典形成的描述 → 同义替换 'mark' 为 'reproduced works'，'distinguish social class' 为 'wealthy collectors' → 得出答案
45. 定位题干核心观点 'opinions... preferences... inheritable' → 在语篇中定位到段落 [D] 关于文化经典形成与代际传递的暗示 → 推断出'inheritable'指文化偏好通过社会机制（如收藏、教育）代代相传 → 得出答案

考点：Duncan Wattscumulative advantageMona Lisasocial scientistsawkward questionsintrinsic valuefossilised historical accidentsrandom eventspreferencesfateCuttingexperimentsubjectslesser known worksauthorthinksgreatness细节定位同义替换推理判断观点态度指代衔接

译文：题干：根据邓肯·瓦茨的观点，《蒙娜丽莎》优于达芬奇其他作品的原因在于累积优势。正确项E：瓦茨认为，一旦某件作品在早期获得微小优势，这种优势会通过累积效应被放大，最终决定其命运。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now. Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery. The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else. Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation that would aggravate the economy's problems. Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis. Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance. Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility." All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.

46. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?
  1. A.Lack of money.
  2. B.Subprime crisis.
  3. C.Unemployment.
  4. D.Social instability.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'biggest problem' → 在语篇中定位到 'unemployment is the major economic and social concern' → 同义替换 'major concern' 为 'biggest problem' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：许多人认为珍妮特·耶伦面临的最大问题是什么？正确项C：失业。

47. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?
  1. A.Take effective measures to curb inflation.
  2. B.Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.
  3. C.Formulate policies to help financial institutions.
  4. D.Pour money into the market through asset buying.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'tackle the 2008 financial crisis' → 在语篇中定位到 'holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying' → 同义替换 'holding up' 为 'tackle'，'asset buying' 为 'pour money into the market through asset buying' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：耶伦帮助美联储做了什么来应对2008年金融危机？正确项D：通过资产购买向市场注入资金。

48. What is a greater concern of the general public?
  1. A.Recession.
  2. B.Deflation.
  3. C.Inequality.
  4. D.Income.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'greater concern of the general public' → 在语篇中定位到 'more people worry about the opposite, deflation' → 同义替换 'more people worry' 为 'general public'，'opposite' 指代前文的通胀，此处指通缩 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代理解

译文：题干：公众更担心什么？正确项B：通货紧缩。

49. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?
  1. A.Develop a new monetary program.
  2. B.Restore public confidence.
  3. C.Tighten financial regulation.
  4. D.Reform the credit system.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'likely to do' → 在语篇末尾定位到 'She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance' → 推理其态度（认为监管太松）→ 推断其未来行动（加强监管）→ 同义替换为 'tighten financial regulation' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位态度推理同义替换

译文：题干：耶伦作为美联储主席可能做什么？正确项C：加强金融监管。

50. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?
  1. A.She possesses strong persuasive power.
  2. B.She has confidence in what she is doing.
  3. C.She is one of the world's greatest economists.
  4. D.She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'Alan Blinder portray' → 在语篇中定位到 'Yellen is likely t…'（语篇截断，但根据上下文及选项推断）→ 结合前文 'most powerful person' 及 'prophetess' 等描述 → 推断 Blinder 的评价指向其影响力 → 同义替换为 'strong persuasive power' → 得出答案

考点：观点态度推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：艾伦·布林德如何描述耶伦？正确项A：她拥有强大的说服力。

Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another. Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it. But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster. The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.

51. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?
  1. A.To get their share of clean air.
  2. B.To pursue a comfortable life.
  3. C.To gain a higher social status.
  4. D.To seek economic benefits.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词'struggle' → 在语篇中定位到'Perhaps struggle unfolds first... over the appropriation of air' → 同义替换'air'为'clean air' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者认为人们可能因何首要原因而相互斗争？正确项：为了获得他们那份清洁空气。

52. What does the author accuse western politicians of?
  1. A.Depriving common people of the right to clean air.
  2. B.Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.
  3. C.Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.
  4. D.Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词'western politicians' → 在语篇中定位到'As for politicians... Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.' → 推理出'允许富裕国家付费污染'即'给予富裕国家优惠待遇' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：作者指责西方政客什么？正确项：给予富裕国家优惠待遇。

53. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?
  1. A.The massive burning of fossil fuels.
  2. B.Our relationship to the plant world.
  3. C.The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.
  4. D.Large-scale deforestation across the world.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词'closest attention' → 在语篇中定位到'The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world.' → 同义替换为'our relationship to the plant world' → 得出答案

考点：主旨定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者试图让我们最关注什么？正确项：我们与植物世界的关系。

54. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the plant according to the author?
  1. A.By showing respect for plants.
  2. B.By preserving all forms of life.
  3. C.By tapping all natural resources.
  4. D.By pooling their efforts together.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词'accomplish the goal' → 在语篇中定位到'This task... can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others.' → 推理出'accomplished together with others'即'pooling their efforts together' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：根据作者，人类如何才能实现保护植物的目标？正确项：通过共同努力。

55. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?
  1. A.Expand the sphere of living.
  2. B.Develop nature's potentials.
  3. C.Share life with nature.
  4. D.Allocate the resources.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词'not just to survive' → 在语篇中定位到'learn to share life, both with each other and with plants' → 同义替换为'Share life with nature' → 得出答案

考点：主旨定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者建议我们做什么以求不仅仅是生存？正确项：与自然分享生命。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. ” You can cite one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

词数要求：150–200 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The saying reminds us that knowledge, like a hidden treasure, is precious, yet it stays locked until practice turns the key. I firmly agree: only when we put what we learn into practice can knowledge reveal its true value. A telling example is learning to swim. A boy may memorize every rule about breathing and strokes, but he will sink the moment he enters the water if he never trains his body. Only by jumping in and practising again and again can his theoretical knowledge become a real skill. The same is true of medical students: however many textbooks they read, they cannot heal a single patient until they operate under a doctor's guidance. Therefore, knowledge and practice are two sides of one coin. Knowledge offers us the treasure, while practice hands us the key. As students, we should never be content with what we read on paper; instead, we ought to apply it boldly, so that our learning is finally turned into ability.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻,其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里,预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战,也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡"以人为本"的发展理念,强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设"资源节约和环境友好型"社会。有了这个明确的目标,中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展,并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

The year 2011 was a historic moment in China's urbanization, when its urban population exceeded the rural population for the first time. Over the next two decades, it is estimated that some 350 million rural people will move into cities. Urban development of such a scale is both a challenge and an opportunity for urban transport. The Chinese government has advocated a people-oriented development concept, emphasizing that people should travel by public transport rather than by private cars. It also calls for the building of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. With this clear goal, Chinese cities can better plan their development and channel huge investment into the development of safe, clean and economical transport systems.

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