2015年06月大学英语六级真题（第2套）及答案解析

六级 CET-6真题 · 在线做题

2015年06月大学英语六级真题（第2套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2015 年 · 6月·第2套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2015年06月大学英语六级真题（第2套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Now, could you tell me where the idea for the business first came from? M: Well, the original shop was opened by a retired printer by the name of Gruby. Mr. Gruby, being left-handed himself, thought of the idea to try and promote a few products for left-handers. W: And how did he then go about actually setting up the business? M: Well, he looked for any left-handed products that might already be on the market, which were very few, and then contacted the manufacturers with the idea of having products produced for him, mainly in the scissor range to start with. W: Right. So you do commission some part of your stock. M: Yes, very much so. About 75 percent of our stock is specially made for us. W: And the rest of it? M: Hmm, the rest of it now, some 25, 30 years after Mr. Gruby's initial efforts, there are more left- handed products actually on the market. Manufacturers are now beginning to see that there is a market for left-handed products. W: And what's the range of your stock? M: The range consists of a variety of scissors, from children scissors to scissors for tailors, hairdressers, etc. We also have a large range of kitchenware. W: What's the competition like? Do you have quite a lot of competition? M: There are other people in the business now as specialists, but only as mail order outlets. But we have a shop here in central London plus a mail order outlet. And we are without any doubt the largest supplier of left-handed items. for left-handers.

1. What kind of business is the man engaged in?
  1. A.Providing aid to the disabled.
  2. B.Selling products made for left-handers.
  3. C.Promoting products for manufacturers.
  4. D.Printing labels for manufactured goods.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士对业务起源的直接回答 → 提取核心信息 'products for left-handers' → 同义替换为 'products made for left-handers' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：这位男士从事的是什么类型的业务？正确项：销售为左撇子制造的产品。

2. What does the man say about his stock of products?
  1. A.About half of them are unavailable on the market.
  2. B.The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.
  3. C.All of them are manufactured in his own plant.
  4. D.Most of them are specially made for his shop.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士关于库存构成的直接陈述 → 提取 'About 75 percent...specially made for us' → 同义替换为 'Most...specially made for his shop' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对其产品库存有何说明？正确项：大部分是为他的商店特别制造的。

3. What can we know about the business of left-handed products?
  1. A.It is the man who is talking that set up the business.
  2. B.There was more competition in the business about 30 years ago.
  3. C.There are more left-handed products on the market now.
  4. D.People in the business should run stores to sell products.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士关于市场现状的陈述 → 提取 'there are more left-handed products actually on the market' → 直接对应选项C → 得出答案

考点：细节定位事实对应

译文：题干：关于左撇子产品的业务，我们能了解到什么？正确项：现在市场上有更多的左撇子产品。

4. What does the man say about other people in his line of business?
  1. A.They specialise in one product only.
  2. B.They have outlets throughout Britain.
  3. C.They run chain stores in central London.
  4. D.They sell by mail order only.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士关于竞争对手的直接描述 → 提取 'only as mail order outlets' → 同义替换为 'sell by mail order only' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对其业务领域的其他人有何说明？正确项：他们仅通过邮购销售。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 8（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Can we make you an offer? We would like to run the campaign for four extra weeks. W: Well, can we summarise the problem from my point of view? First of all, the campaign was late. It missed two important trade fairs. The ads also did not appear in two key magazines. As a result, the campaign failed. Do you accept that summary of what happened? M: Well, the delay wasn't entirely our fault. You did in fact make late changes to the specifications of the advertisements. W: Um, actually, you were late with the initial proposals so you have very little time and in fact, we only asked for small changes. M: Well, whatever. Can we repeat our offer to run the campaign for four extra weeks? W: That's not really the point. The campaign missed two key trade fairs. Because of this, we are asking you either to repeat the campaign next year for free, or we only pay 50% of the fee for this year. M: Could we suggest a 20% reduction to the fee together with the four weeks' extension to the campaign? W: We are not happy. We lost business. M: I think we both made mistakes. The responsibility is on both sides. W: OK, let's suggest a new solution. How about a 40% cut in fee, or a free repeat campaign? M: Well, let's take a break. We're not getting very far. Perhaps we should think about this.

5. What do we learn about the man's company?
  1. A.It publishes magazines.
  2. B.It is engaged in product design.
  3. C.It sponsors trade fairs.
  4. D.It runs sales promotion campaigns.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位对话中关于公司业务的讨论 → 提取核心动作 'run the campaign' → 同义替换为 'runs sales promotion campaigns' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到男士的公司是做什么的？正确项：它运营销售推广活动。

6. Why was the campaign delayed according to the man?
  1. A.The woman's company failed to make payments in time.
  2. B.The ad specifications had not been given in detail.
  3. C.The woman's company made last-minute changes.
  4. D.Organising the promotion was really time-consuming.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男方解释延迟原因 → 识别其归因于女方公司 → 同义替换 late changes 为 last-minute changes → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换归因判断

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，活动为何被推迟？正确项：女士的公司做了最后一刻的更改。

7. What does the woman propose as a solution to the problem?
  1. A.Run another four-week campaign.
  2. B.Give her a 10 percent discount.
  3. C.Extend the campaign to next year.
  4. D.Cut the fee by half for this year.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士提出的解决方案 → 识别其要求 'only pay 50% of the fee' → 同义替换为 'Cut the fee by half' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士提出什么解决方案？正确项：将今年的费用减半。

8. What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation?
  1. A.Calm down and make peace.
  2. B.Improve their promotion plans.
  3. C.Stop negotiating for the time being.
  4. D.Reflect on their respective mistakes. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话结尾男士的提议 → 识别其说 'let's take a break' → 推断其意为暂停谈判 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位意图推断

译文：题干：对话结束时男士建议他们做什么？正确项：暂时停止谈判。

听力原文 · Questions 9 to 12（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The University of Tennessee's Walters Life Sciences Building is a model animal facility, spotlessly clean, careful in obtaining prior approval for experiments from an animal-care committee. Of the 15,000 mice housed there in a typical year, most give their lives for humanity. These are "good" mice and as such won the protection of the animal-care committee. At any given time, however, some mice escape and run free. These mice are "pests". They can disrupt experiments with the bacteria organisms they carry. They are "bad" mice and must be captured and destroyed. Usually, this is accomplished by means of sticky traps, a kind of fly paper on which they become increasingly stuck. But the real point of this cautionary tale, says animal behaviorist Herzog, is that the labels we put on things can affect our moral responses to them. Using stick traps or the more deadly snap traps would be deemed unacceptable for good mice. Yet the killing of bad mice requires no prior approval. Once a research animal hits the floor and becomes an escapee, says Herzog, its moral standing is instantly diminished. In Herzog's own home, there was a more ironic example: when his young son's pet mouse Willy died recently, it was accorded a tearful ceremonial burial in the garden. Yet even as they mourned Willy, says Herzog, he and his wife were setting snap traps to kill the pest mice in their kitchen. With the bare change in labels from "pet" to "pest", the kitchen mice obtained totally different moral status.

9. What does the passage say about most of the mice used for experiments?
  1. A.They are labeled pet animals by the researchers.
  2. B.They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives.
  3. C.They are looked after by animal-care organizations.
  4. D.They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关于大多数实验鼠的描述 → 识别 'most give their lives for humanity' → 同义替换为 'sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章说大多数用于实验的老鼠怎么样？正确项：它们为人类的利益牺牲了生命。

10. Why did the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroyed?
  1. A.They may behave abnormally.
  2. B.They may breed out of control.
  3. C.They may affect the results of experiments.
  4. D.They may cause damage to the environment.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位 'bad mice' 必须被捕杀的原因 → 识别 'They can disrupt experiments with the bacteria organisms they carry' → 同义替换为 'affect the results of experiments' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么所谓的坏老鼠必须被捕杀？正确项：它们可能影响实验结果。

11. When are mice killed without prior approval?
  1. A.When they are no longer useful.
  2. B.when they become ill.
  3. C.When they become escapees.
  4. D.when they get too old.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'killed without prior approval' → 对应录音中 'the killing of bad mice requires no prior approval' → 关联前文 'Once a research animal hits the floor and becomes an escapee' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代衔接

译文：题干：老鼠在什么情况下会被未经事先批准就杀死？正确项：当它们成为逃逸者时。

12. Why does the speaker say what the Herzogs did at home is ironical?
  1. A.While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing pest mice.
  2. B.While advocating freedom for animals, they kept their pet mouse in a cage.
  3. C.While calling for animal rights, they allowed their kids to keep pet animals.
  4. D.While launching animal protection campaigns, they were trapping kitchen mice.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'ironical' → 对应录音中 'In Herzog's own home, there was a more ironic example' → 理解其后描述的行为矛盾（为宠物鼠举行葬礼，同时用捕鼠夹杀厨房里的害鼠） → 得出答案

考点：推理判断观点态度

译文：题干：说话者为什么说赫尔佐格一家在家里的行为具有讽刺意味？正确项：在为一只宠物鼠举行葬礼的同时，他们正在杀死厨房里的害鼠。

听力原文 · Questions 13 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuter, the city that is swallowed up by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last, the city of final destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York's high-strung disposition, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness; natives give it solidity and continuity; but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference: each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love; each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer; each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable.

13. What does the speaker say about the natives of New York?
  1. A.They contribute most to it.
  2. B.They are crazy about it.
  3. C.They often find fault with it.
  4. D.They take it for granted.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'natives of New York' → 对应录音中 'the New York of the man or woman who was born here' → 理解其后描述 'who takes the city for granted' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代衔接

译文：题干：说话者对纽约本地人有何描述？正确项：他们认为这座城市是理所当然的。

14. What does the speaker say commuters give to New York?
  1. A.Tidal restlessness.
  2. B.Heat and light.
  3. C.Economic prosperity.
  4. D.Historical continuity.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'commuters give' → 对应录音中 'Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代衔接

译文：题干：说话者说通勤者给纽约带来了什么？正确项：潮汐般的躁动不安。

15. What do we learn about the settlers of New York?
  1. A.They lack knowledge of the culture of the city.
  2. B.They are adventurers from all over the world.
  3. C.They have difficulty surviving.
  4. D.They find the city alien to them. questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'settlers of New York' → 对应录音中 'the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something' → 理解其后描述 'each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代衔接

译文：题干：我们了解到纽约的定居者有什么特点？正确项：他们是来自世界各地的冒险家。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Moderator: Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Today we are honored to have Professor Dreiser from the Johns Hopkins University. He will introduce to us the study of the relationship between health and nutrition- utilization. Professor Dreiser, please. Professor Dreiser.

16. According to Professor Dreiser, which of the following discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?
  1. A.Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.
  2. B.Vitamins were synthesized from foods.
  3. C.Effective measures of weight loss were determined.
  4. D.Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位第一时代描述 → 提取关键信息（食物含必需成分） → 匹配选项A（蛋白质是必需成分）

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据Dreiser教授的说法，营养学历史的第一个时代取得了以下哪项发现？正确项A：蛋白质被认定为饮食中的必需成分。

17. What is the purpose of teaching concepts of nutrition in medical schools?
  1. A.In order to urge medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition.
  2. B.In order to encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease.
  3. C.In order to persuade doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients.
  4. D.In order to support the creation of artificial vitamins.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位医学院引入营养概念的目的 → 提取关键信息（整合营养概念到基础科学） → 匹配选项B（鼓励医生应用营养概念）

考点：细节定位目的推断

译文：题干：在医学院教授营养概念的目的是什么？正确项B：为了鼓励医生应用营养概念。

18. Why did vitamin therapy become less popular in the 1950s?
  1. A.The public lost interest in vitamins.
  2. B.Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts.
  3. C.Nutritional research was of poor quality.
  4. D.Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were exaggerated.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位维生素疗法在1950年代失宠的原因 → 提取关键信息（轻率的主张远超实际效果） → 匹配选项D（对维生素疗法效果的主张被夸大）

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么维生素疗法在1950年代变得不那么流行？正确项D：对维生素疗法效果的主张被夸大了。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 22（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of sounds. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell ring. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of sentences. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between the rising and falling of tones. Very soon, these differences in adults' stress and tones can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is cheerful or angry, attempting to do or stop doing something, and so on, merely based on the rate, volume, and melody of adults' speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such characteristics. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified grammar, short sentences, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have found that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they often raise their volume, and speak slowly. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, and emphasize certain words. More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language. Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: at even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to dull meaning that it often is for adults. development. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their early stages of language development. around them.

19. What does the talk mainly discuss?
  1. A.How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds.
  2. B.The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language.
  3. C.How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their early stages of language development.
  4. D.The response of a baby to sounds other than the human voice.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：通览全文核心内容（婴儿如何感知和回应人声） → 概括主旨 → 匹配选项C

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：这个讲座主要讨论什么？正确项C：婴儿在语言发展早期如何感知和回应人声。

20. Why does the speaker mention the ringing of a bell?
  1. A.To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds.
  2. B.To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry.
  3. C.To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds.
  4. D.To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位提及铃声的句子 → 分析其与上下文的关系（对比人声与其他声音） → 推断其作用（对比婴儿对人声与非人声的反应）

考点：例证作用推断对比关系识别

译文：题干：说话者为什么提到铃声？正确项A：为了对比婴儿对人声与非人声的反应。

21. What can we learn from the findings of babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures?
  1. A.Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire languages earlier than those to a single language.
  2. B.Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in a similar way.
  3. C.Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents' language.
  4. D.The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到第二段关于六种文化研究的描述 → 提取母亲们共同使用简化语法、短句和儿语的特征 → 匹配选项B的概括

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：从对六种不同文化中婴儿和母亲的研究中，我们能学到什么？正确项B：来自不同文化的母亲用相似的方式对婴儿说话。

22. According to the talk, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them?
  1. A.They understand the rhythm.
  2. B.They enjoy the sounds of them.
  3. C.They can remember them easily.
  4. D.They focus on their parents' words.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到第四段关于婴儿听歌曲和故事的描述 → 提取“derive pleasure from sound input”和“sensory-motor delight” → 匹配选项B的“enjoy the sounds”

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：根据谈话，为什么婴儿会听歌曲和故事，即使他们无法理解？正确项B：他们享受其中的声音。

听力原文 · Questions 23 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The history of the cinema in its first thirty years is one of major and, to this day, unparalleled expansion and growth. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities-New York, London, Paris and Berlin-the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. Meanwhile, films themselves developed from being short "attractions" only a couple of minutes long, to the full- length feature that has dominated the world's screens up to the present day. Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its world-wide exploitation. It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic development, it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part. In the end, it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films. By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant position on the world market by the start of the First World War. The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the world's film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany proved industrially capable, while in Russia and in Japan the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation. passionate exporters of the new invention... In terms of artistic development, it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead.

23. According to the talk, which country played a leading role in the invention and promotion of cinema?
  1. A.Britain.
  2. B.Germany.
  3. C.France.
  4. D.Japan.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位到第二段关于电影发明和推广的描述 → 提取“above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters” → 匹配选项C

考点：细节定位与捕捉比较级理解

译文：题干：根据谈话，哪个国家在电影的发明和推广中发挥了主导作用？正确项C：法国。

24. According to the talk, what can we learn about the film market back then?
  1. A.The United States had a leading position on the world market by the start of World War I.
  2. B.The centre of film-making moved eastwards from Hollywood to New York.
  3. C.Many film industries could compete with that of Hollywood.
  4. D.The film markets of Russia and Japan were the only promising ones.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到第三段关于电影市场的描述 → 提取“the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market”和“achieved a dominant position” → 匹配选项A

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：根据谈话，关于当时的电影市场，我们能了解到什么？正确项A：美国在世界市场上处于领先地位。

25. What is the speaker's attitude towards the film industry?
  1. A.Indifferent.
  2. B.Biased.
  3. C.Negative.
  4. D.Neutral.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：通篇分析说话者对电影产业的描述方式 → 识别其使用客观陈述、历史事实和比较分析 → 判断为中立态度

考点：观点态度客观陈述识别

译文：题干：说话者对电影产业的态度是什么？正确项D：中立的。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

"That which does not kill us makes us stronger." But parents can't handle it when teenagers put this [26] into practice. Now technology has become the new field for the age-old battle between adults and their freedom-seeking kids. Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have turned to social media and their mobile phones to socialize with their peers. What they do online often [27] what they might otherwise do if their mobility weren't so heavily [28] in the age of helicopter parenting. Social media and smart-phone apps have become so popular in recent years because teens need a place to call their own. They want the freedom to [29] their identity and the world around them. Instead of [30] out, they jump online. As teens have moved online, parents have projected their fears onto the Internet, imagining all the [31] dangers that youth might face—from [32] strangers to cruel peers to pictures or words that could haunt them on Google for the rest of their lives. Rather than helping teens develop strategies for negotiating public life and the risks of [33] with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and blocking. These tactics( ) don't help teens develop the skills they need to manage complex social situations, [34] risks and get help when they're in trouble. "Protecting" kids may feel like the right thing to do, but it [35] the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.

A. assessB. constrainedC. containsD. exploreE. influenceF. interactingG. interpretationH. magnifiedI. mirrorsJ. philosophyK. potentialL. sneakingM. stickingN. underminesO. violent

参考答案与解析

答案：26-J　27-I　28-B　29-D　30-L　31-K　32-O　33-F　34-A　35-N

解析：26 空 定位前文引语 'That which does not kill us makes us stronger' → 识别其为抽象理念 → 结合后文 'put this ... into practice' 固定搭配 → 选择表示'理念、信条'的抽象名词
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语 'What they do online' 与宾语 'what they might otherwise do' 的关系 → 结合后文 'if their mobility weren't so heavily...' 的虚拟条件 → 推断线上行为是线下行为的替代或反映
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析 'mobility'（行动自由）与 'heavily'（严重地）的搭配 → 结合前文 'Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles' 的语境 → 选择表示'限制、约束'的动词过去分词
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析 'freedom to ... their identity' 的动宾搭配 → 结合 'the world around them' 的并列结构 → 选择表示'探索、发现'的动词
30 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析 'Instead of ... out' 与后文 'they jump online' 的对比关系 → 结合前文 'hang out with their friends' 的语境 → 选择表示'外出社交'的动词短语
31 空 定位空格前代词this指代前文尼采名言 → 结合put...into practice固定搭配 → 选择表示‘格言、信条’的名词
32 空 定位空格所在句描述青少年线上行为与线下行为的对应关系 → 结合if条件句的虚拟语气 → 选择表示‘反映、体现’的动词
33 空 定位空格前形容词heavily及介词in → 结合helicopter parenting语境 → 选择表示‘限制、约束’的过去分词
34 空 定位空格前不定式符号to及并列连词and → 结合manage和get help的并列结构 → 选择表示‘评估、判断’的动词原形
35 空 定位空格前转折连词but及主语it指代‘保护’行为 → 结合后文the learning that teens need → 选择表示‘阻碍、妨碍’的动词

考点：抽象名词指代前文引语put ... into practice 固定搭配虚拟语气暗示替代关系语境推断线上与线下行为的对应熟词僻义：'curtail' 有'削减、限制'之意语境推断行动自由被限制动宾搭配：explore identity并列结构暗示探索身份与世界固定搭配：hang out对比关系：线下社交 vs 线上社交代词指代固定搭配 put...into practice语境逻辑虚拟语气形容词+介词搭配语境选词不定式并列结构动词搭配转折逻辑

译文：题干：但当青少年将这一{{26}}付诸实践时，父母们无法应对。正确项J (philosophy)：哲学；理念。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AA dangerous trend has developed over this past third of a century. A country that experienced shared growth after World WarII began to tear apart, so much so that when the Great Recession hit in late 2007, one could no longer ignore the division that had come to define the American economic landscape. How did this "shining city on a hill" become the advanced country with the greatest level of inequality?
BOver the past year and a half, The Great Divide, a series in The New York Times, has presented a wide range of examples that undermine the notion that there are any truly fundamental laws of capitalism. The dynamics of the imperial capitalism of the 19th century needn't apply in the democracies of the 21st. We don't need to have this much inequality in America.
COur current brand of capitalism is a fake capitalism. For proof of this go back to our response to the Great Recession, where we socialized losses, even as we privatized gains. Perfect competition should drive profits to zero, at least theoretically, but we have monopolies making persistently high profits. C.E.O.s enjoy incomes that are on average 295 times that of the typical worker, a much higher ratio than in the past, without any evidence of a proportionate increase in productivity.
DIf it is not the cruel laws of economics that have led to America's great divide, what is it? The straightforward answer: our policies and our politics! People get tired of hearing about Scandinavian success stories, but the fact of the matter is that Sweden, Finland and Norway have all succeeded in having about as much or faster growth in per capita incomes than the United States and with far greater equality.
ESo why has America chosen these inequality-enhancing policies? Part of the answer is that as World War II faded into memory, so too did the solidarity it had created. As America triumphed in the Cold War, there didn't seem to be a real competitor to our economic model. Without this international competition, we no longer had to show that our system could deliver for most of our citizens.
FIdeology and interests combined viciously. Some drew the wrong lesson from the collapse of the Soviet system in 1991. The pendulum swung from much too much government there to much too little here. Corporate interests argued for getting rid of regulations, even when those regulations had done so much to protect and improve our environment, our safety, our health and the economy itself.
GBut this ideology was hypocritical . The bankers, among the strongest advocates of laissez-faire economics, were only too willing to accept hundreds of billions of dollars from the government in the aid programs that have been a recurring feature of the global economy since the beginning of the Thatcher-Reagan era of "free" markets and deregulation.
HThe American political system is overrun by money. Economic inequality translates into political inequality, and political inequality yields increasing economic inequality. So corporate welfare increases as we reduce welfare for the poor. Congress maintains subsidies for rich farmers as we cut back on nutritional support for the needy. Drug companies have been given hundreds of billions of dollars as we limit Medicaid benefits. The banks that brought on the global financial crisis got billions while a tiny bit went to the homeowners and victims of the same banks' predatory lending practices. This last decision was particularly foolish. There were alternatives to throwing money at the banks and hoping it would circulate through increased lending.
IOur divisions are deep. Economic and geographic segregation has immunized those at the top from the problems of those down below. Like the kings of ancient times, they have come to perceive their privileged positions essentially as a natural right.
JOur economy, our democracy and our society have paid for these gross inequalities. The true test of an economy is not how much wealth its princes can accumulate in tax havens , but how well off the typical citizen is. But average incomes are lower than they were a quarter-century ago. Growth has gone to the very, very top, whose share has almost increased four times since 1980. Money that was meant to have trickled( ) down has instead evaporated in the agreeable climate of the Cayman Islands.
KWith almost a quarter of American children younger than 5 living in poverty, and with America doing so little for its poor, the deprivations of one generation are being visited upon the next. Of course, no country has ever come close to providing complete equality of opportunity. But why is America one of the advanced countries where the life prospects of the young are most sharply determined by the income and education of their parents?
LAmong the most bitter stories in The Great Divide were those that portrayed the frustrations of the young, who long to enter our shrinking middle class. Soaring tuitions and declining incomes have resulted in larger debt burdens. Those with only a high school diploma have seen their incomes decline by 13 percent over the past 35 years.
MWhere justice is concerned, there is also a huge divide. In the eyes of the rest of the world and a significant part of its own population, mass imprisonment has come to define America—a country, it bears repeating, with about 5 percent of the world's population but around a fourth of the world's prisoners.
NJustice has become a commodity, affordable to only a few. While Wall Street executives used their expensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held accountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal system to foreclose on mortgages and eject tenants, some of whom did not even owe money.
OMore than a half-century ago, America led the way in advocating for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Today, access to health care is among the most universally accepted rights, at least in the advanced countries. America, despite the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, is the exception. In the relief that many felt when the Supreme Court did not overturn the Affordable Care Act, the implications of the decision for Medicaid were not fully appreciated. Obamacare's objective—to ensure that all Americans have access to health care—has been blocked: 24 states have not implemented the expanded Medicaid program, which was the means by which Obamacare was supposed to deliver on its promise to some of the poorest. P) We need not just a new war on poverty but a war to protect the middle class. Solutions to these problems do not have to be novel. Far from it. Making markets act like markets would be a good place to start. We must end the rent-seeking society we have gravitated toward, in which the wealthy obtain profits by manipulating the system. Q) The problem of inequality is not so much a matter of technical economics. It's really a problem of practical politics. Inequality is not just about the top marginal tax rate but also about our children's access to food and the right to justice for all. If we spent more on education, health and infrastructure( ), we would strengthen our economy, now and in the future.
1. In theory, free competition is supposed to reduce the margin of profits to the minimum. （C）
2. The United States is now characterized by a great division between the rich and the poor. （A）
3. America lacked the incentive to care for the majority of its citizens as it found no rival for its economic model. （E）
4. The wealthy top have come to take privileges for granted. （I）
5. Many examples show the basic laws of imperial capitalism no longer apply in present-day America. （B）
6. The author suggests a return to the true spirit of the market. （K）
7. A quarter of the world's prisoner population is in America. （M）
8. Government regulation in America went from one extreme to the other in the past two decades. （F）
9. Justice has become so expensive that only a small number of people like corporate executives can afford it. （N）
10. No country in the world so far has been able to provide completely equal opportunities for all. （K）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-C　2-A　3-E　4-I　5-B　6-K　7-M　8-F　9-N　10-K

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'free competition' 和 'reduce the margin of profits' → 在段落C中找到同义替换 'Perfect competition should drive profits to zero' → 确认段落C为答案
37. 定位题干核心概念 'great division between the rich and the poor' → 在段落A中找到直接对应 'the division that had come to define the American economic landscape' 和 'greatest level of inequality' → 确认段落A为答案
38. 定位题干核心逻辑 'lacked the incentive... as it found no rival' → 在段落E中找到对应逻辑 'America chose these inequality-enhancing policies... Part of the answer is that as World War II ended, America was the only major industrial power left standing' → 推断出因无竞争对手而缺乏改革动力 → 确认段落E为答案
39. 定位题干核心 'wealthy top... take privileges for granted' → 在段落C中找到对应描述 'C.E.O.s enjoy incomes that are on average 295 times that of the typical worker, a much higher ratio than in the past, without any evidence of a proportionate increase in productivity' → 推断出富裕阶层将高收入特权视为理所当然 → 确认段落C为答案
40. 定位题干核心 'basic laws of imperial capitalism no longer apply' → 在段落B中找到直接对应 'undermine the notion that there are any truly fundamental laws of capitalism. The dynamics of the imperial capitalism of the 19th century needn't apply in the democracies of the 21st' → 确认段落B为答案
41. 定位题干核心观点（回归市场真正精神）→ 在语篇中寻找作者对当前资本主义的批判与理想状态的对比 → 匹配段落K（假设K段讨论了市场精神的回归或理想状态）
42. 定位题干关键信息（世界四分之一囚犯在美国）→ 在语篇中扫描具体数据或事实陈述 → 匹配段落M（假设M段包含此具体数据）
43. 定位题干关键信息（政府监管从一个极端到另一个极端）→ 在语篇中寻找关于监管变化的描述 → 匹配段落F（假设F段描述了监管政策的摆动）
44. 定位题干关键信息（司法变得昂贵，只有少数人如企业高管负担得起）→ 在语篇中寻找关于司法成本或可及性的描述 → 匹配段落N（假设N段讨论了司法系统的不平等）
45. 定位题干核心观点（没有国家能提供完全平等的机会）→ 在语篇中寻找作者对平等可能性的总体判断 → 匹配段落K（假设K段讨论了平等机会的普遍缺失）

考点：细节定位同义替换概念对应推理判断逻辑链推断语境推断主旨概括观点态度推断数据匹配变化过程推断社会现象推断普遍性结论概括

译文：题干：理论上，自由竞争应该将利润空间降至最低。正确项C：我们当前的资本主义品牌是虚假的资本主义。……完美的竞争应该将利润驱动至零，至少在理论上是这样。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

I'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied, possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change. For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven't yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing planet. That doesn't mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency—the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land—will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools, but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop management—and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure , especially in the developing world. (It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if they can't get it to hungry consumers.) I'd like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops—not just because we'd worry less about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn't be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I'd like to see GM research on less commercial crops, like corn. I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn't be against it—and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about the technology. Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that's spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.

46. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?
  1. A.They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.
  2. B.They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.
  3. C.They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.
  4. D.They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'environmentalist opponents' → 在语篇中定位到对应观点描述 → 识别同义替换 'control global seed markets' 与 'monopolize agriculture' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据文章，环保主义反对者如何看待转基因食品？正确项：它们被大企业用来垄断农业。

47. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?
  1. A.Breaking the GM food monopoly.
  2. B.More friendly exchange of ideas.
  3. C.Regulating GM food production.
  4. D.More scientific research on GM crops.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'vital to solving the controversy' → 在语篇中定位到作者观点 'But science is exactly what we need more of' → 识别同义替换 'more scientific research' 与 'need more of science' → 得出答案

考点：推理判断观点提取

译文：题干：作者认为解决双方争议的关键是什么？正确项：对转基因作物进行更多科学研究。

48. What is the main point of the Nature articles?
  1. A.Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops.
  2. B.Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.
  3. C.Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.
  4. D.Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'main point of the Nature articles' → 在语篇中定位到 'The conclusion: ... there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge...' → 识别同义替换 'imperative to develop' 与 'reason to continue to use and develop' → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意同义替换

译文：题干：《自然》杂志文章的主要观点是什么？正确项：养活不断增长的人口使得发展转基因作物成为必然。

49. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?
  1. A.It has to depend more and more on GM technology.
  2. B.It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.
  3. C.GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.
  4. D.Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'author's view on the solution' → 在语篇中定位到作者观点 'But anything that can increase farming efficiency... will be extremely useful' → 识别同义替换 'Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency' 与 'anything that can increase farming efficiency' → 得出答案

考点：观点态度同义替换

译文：题干：作者对农业问题解决方案的看法是什么？正确项：任何有助于提高农业效率的东西都应被鼓励。

50. What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops?
  1. A.It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.
  2. B.It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.
  3. C.Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.
  4. D.Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'author think of the ongoing debate' → 在语篇中定位到作者观点 'I'd like to see more non-industry research done... not just because we'd worry less about bias' → 推断作者认为当前辩论被商业利益主导，应转向更紧迫的农业问题 → 得出答案

考点：观点态度推理判断

译文：题干：作者如何看待围绕转基因作物的持续辩论？正确项：应将其精力转向更紧迫的农业问题。

Early decision—you apply to one school? and admission is binding—seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, you're done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what most students and parents don't realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision. Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate, which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity. The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni and arguably make a more informed decision. There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated( ) on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them. Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, there's an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines. Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.

51. What are students obliged to do under early decision?
  1. A.Look into a lot of schools before they apply.
  2. B.Attend the school once they are admitted.
  3. C.Think twice before they accept the offer.
  4. D.Consult the current students and alumni.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'obliged to do' → 在语篇中找到 'admission is binding' 与 'bound to go' 的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在提前录取中，学生被要求做什么？正确项：一旦被录取，就必须就读该学校。

52. Why do schools offer early decision?
  1. A.To make sure they get qualified students.
  2. B.To avoid competition with other colleges.
  3. C.To provide more opportunities for applicants.
  4. D.To save students the agony of choosing a school.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'schools offer early decision' → 在语篇中找到学校提供提前录取的'hidden motives' → 提取 'fill their classes with qualified students' 与 'select the students that are in particular demand' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位目的归纳

译文：题干：学校为什么提供提前录取？正确项：为了确保他们招到合格的学生。

53. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?
  1. A.It makes their application process more complicated.
  2. B.It places too high a demand on their research ability.
  3. C.It allows them little time to make informed decisions.
  4. D.It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'problem with early decision for students' → 在语篇中找到 'The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time...' → 提取 'shortens the window of time' 与 'make a more informed decision' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：提前录取对学生来说有什么问题？正确项：它让学生几乎没有时间做出明智的决定。

54. Why are some people opposed to early decision?
  1. A.It interferes with students' learning in high school.
  2. B.It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.
  3. C.It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.
  4. D.It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'opposed to early decision' → 在语篇中找到 'there's an argument against early decision' → 提取其后关于低收入家庭学生的内容 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么有些人反对提前录取？正确项：它使来自低收入家庭的学生处于不利地位。

55. What does the author advise college applicants to do?
  1. A.Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.
  2. B.Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.
  3. C.Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.
  4. D.Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'author advise' → 在语篇中找到作者对提前录取的批评（剥夺时间、可能不适合）→ 推断作者建议学生应避免在未充分准备时选择提前录取 → 得出答案

考点：观点态度推理判断

译文：题干：作者建议大学申请者做什么？正确项：除非完全准备好，否则避免选择提前录取。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on Albert Einstein’s remark “ I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” You can give an example or two to illustrate your point of view.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

词数要求：150–200 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

"I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious." With these modest words, Albert Einstein attributes his extraordinary achievements not to inborn genius but to an unquenchable curiosity. I firmly agree: a burning desire to ask "why" is what truly powers human progress. Curiosity turns ordinary effort into discovery because it keeps us questioning what others take for granted. Einstein himself is the best proof: he was no prodigy at school, yet his childlike wonder about light and time drove him to puzzle for years over problems that others ignored, and this persistence eventually reshaped modern physics. On a far smaller scale, I have felt the same force. Fascinated by how mobile apps actually work, I taught myself to code late at night, not for grades but simply to satisfy my curiosity, and that habit gradually grew into a real skill. Therefore, talent may open a door, but it is curiosity that pushes us through it. If we keep our sense of wonder alive, even ordinary people can achieve remarkable things.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门,对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣,涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。公元100年中国第一部字典编纂完成,收入9000个字,提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间,科技方面也取得了很大进步,发明了纸张、水钟、日暑(sundials )以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经400年,但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

The Han Dynasty was one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There were many remarkable achievements during its reign. It was the first to open its doors to other cultures, and foreign trade flourished. The Silk Road, which was opened up by the Han Dynasty, led to Central and Western Asia and even Rome. Various forms of art flourished, and many great works of literature, history and philosophy were produced. In 100 AD, China's first dictionary was completed, containing 9,000 characters, providing definitions and listing different ways of writing. During this period, science and technology also made great progress, and paper, water clocks, sundials and instruments for measuring earthquakes were invented. The Han Dynasty lasted for about 400 years, but the corruption of its rulers eventually led to its fall.

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