2015年12月大学英语六级真题（第2套）及答案解析
2015年12月大学英语六级真题（第2套） · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2015 年 · 12月·第2套
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 听力
- 含听力
- 题量
- 39 题
- 满分
- 710 分
- 限时
- 125 分钟
- 题型结构
- 听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分
听力原文 · Questions 1 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
M: Hello, Jane.
- A.He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.
- B.He dines out from time to time with friends.
- C.He shares some of the household duties.
- D.He often goes back home late for dinner.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位男士提及晚餐的语句 → 推断其日常习惯 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：关于男士的日常生活，我们了解到什么？正确项：他经常很晚回家吃晚饭。
- A.To take him to dinner.
- B.To discuss an urgent problem.
- C.To talk about a budget plan.
- D.To pass on an important message.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位女士说明来意的语句 → 概括其核心目的 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位主旨概括
译文：题干：女士为什么来见男士？正确项：讨论一个紧急问题。
- A.Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.
- B.Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.
- C.There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit.
- D.There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位女士解释担忧原因的语句 → 匹配选项细节 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位
译文：题干：是什么让女士担心印度卢比？正确项：印度国际收支逆差急剧增加。
- A.JL Motors is a company with the business of bicycle sales.
- B.The Indian rupee has been steady on the foreign exchange market.
- C.JL Motors is an Indian company with a promising prospect.
- D.The man doesn't agree to the woman's proposal.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：综合对话细节（公司名、产品、汇率讨论） → 推断公司业务 → 得出答案
考点：推理判断细节综合
译文：题干：从对话中我们可以推断出什么？正确项：JL Motors是一家从事自行车销售的公司。
听力原文 · Questions 5 to 8（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: Charles, among other things, you're regarded as one of America's great masters of the blues, a musical idiom—that's essentially about loss, particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?
- A.They try to adapt to their changing roles.
- B.They form a more realistic picture of life.
- C.They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.
- D.They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位男士谈论恋爱问题的语句 → 提取核心观点 → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位观点提取
译文：题干：男士说大多数人在陷入恋爱时会怎样？正确项：他们对另一半抱有不切实际的期望。
- A.He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.
- B.He is able to meet many interesting people.
- C.He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.
- D.He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位男士对‘life on the road’的评价 → 捕捉转折后‘if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing’ → 同义替换为‘do what he loves’
考点：细节定位转折信号词捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：男士如何评价自己作为歌手在路上的生活？正确项：他很幸运能做自己热爱的事。
- A.It is stressful.
- B.It is all glamour.
- C.It is full of fun.
- D.It is challenging.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位女士提问‘most widely-held misconception’ → 捕捉男士直接回答‘People think it's all glamour’ → 直接对应选项
考点：细节定位问答角色匹配
译文：题干：大多数人如何看待著名音乐家的生活？正确项：它充满魅力。
- A.Amazed.
- B.Bothered.
- C.Puzzled.
- D.Excited. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位男士对‘being recognized’的感受 → 捕捉‘I still find it fascinating’和‘I'm still amazed’ → 同义替换为‘Amazed’
考点：细节定位情感态度词捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：每当被粉丝认出时，男士感觉如何？正确项：惊讶。
听力原文 · Questions 9 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscored the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross- functional problems. When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations who have been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization, or society that it supposes it serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group's performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team cooperation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and others' cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertiveness. If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives. a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems.
- A.Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.
- B.Follow closely the fast development of technology.
- C.Learn new ways of relating and working together.
- D.Maintain the traditional organizational culture.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘personnel potential is to be fully realized’ → 捕捉紧随其后的‘they must learn new ways of relating and working together’ → 直接对应选项
考点：细节定位条件句与必要动作匹配
译文：题干：团队成员应做什么以充分发挥其潜力？正确项：学习新的联系和合作方式。
- A.How the team is built to keep improving its performance.
- B.What type of personnel the team should be composed of.
- C.How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.
- D.What qualifications team members should be equipped with.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘the issue is not just how... but how it integrates with...’ → 捕捉‘integrates with the overall organization, or society that it supposes it serves’ → 同义替换为‘integrates with what it is supposed to serve’
考点：细节定位并列结构理解同义替换
译文：题干：有效团队管理需要考虑什么？正确项：团队如何与其应服务的对象整合。
- A.A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.
- B.Teams must consist of members from different cultures.
- C.Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.
- D.A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位Casey观点 → 识别其核心建议（管理者需具备特定品质/技能） → 同义替换为选项D
考点：观点态度细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：从Casey的话中我们可以得出什么结论？ 正确项：团队管理者应该培养一套特定的技能。
听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services, and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. Indeed, many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff. The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign known as a brief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions. Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested in newspapers, television stations etc., in different parts of the country before a final choice is made prior to a national campaign. people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Word-of-mouth advertising. Prestige advertising.
- A.Word-of-mouth advertising.
- B.Distributing free trial products.
- C.Prestige advertising.
- D.Institutional advertising.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位‘best form of advertising’ → 直接对应‘word-of-mouth advertising’ → 选择A
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：根据说话者，什么是最好的广告形式？ 正确项：口碑广告。
- A.To sell a particular product.
- B.To attract high-end consumers.
- C.To promote a specific service.
- D.To build up their reputation.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘prestige advertising’ → 抓取其目的‘designed to build up their reputation’ → 同义替换为选项D
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：说话者说许多组织使用声誉广告的目的是什么？ 正确项：建立他们的声誉。
- A.By creating their own ads and commercials.
- B.By buying media space in leading newspapers.
- C.By hiring their own professional advertising staff.
- D.By using the services of large advertising agencies.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘large companies’处理广告的方式 → 抓取‘they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies’ → 选择D
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：大公司通常如何处理他们的广告？ 正确项：使用大型广告公司的服务。
- A.Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.
- B.Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.
- C.Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.
- D.Decide on what specific means of communication to employ. questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘before a national campaign’ → 抓取‘produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested’ → 同义替换为选项C
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：广告公司在全国性广告活动前通常会做什么？ 正确项：在某些地区预测试替代广告或商业广告。
听力原文 · Questions 16 to 19（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Moderator: Hello, everybody. It is my honour to introduce our respectable speaker for today's lecture, Dr. Thomas Wood. Dr. Wood has written numerous articles and books on the topic of communication and how to communicate effectively. Welcome, Dr. Wood. Dr.
- A.The effective communication among family members.
- B.The principle of "avoid adding trouble to others".
- C.The mutual love and caring between parents and children.
- D.Everyone's commitment to support each other.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'family atmosphere' → 在语篇中定位到 'Highly functional successful family groups tend to be those that communicate effectively' → 同义替换为 'effective communication among family members' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据Wood博士的观点，形成良好家庭氛围的关键是什么？正确项：家庭成员之间的有效沟通。
- A.Thinking before speaking.
- B.Adopting empathy during communication.
- C.Focusing on the present.
- D.Listening attentively.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'minimizing outside distractions' → 在语篇中定位到 'Be Fully Present' 段落，其中提到 'A sharp focus on the topic at hand is essential... and it is also helpful to keep outside distractions to a minimum' → 同义替换为 'Focusing on the present' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：以下哪项有助于在沟通中减少外界干扰？正确项：专注于当下。
- A.Adopting nonverbal signals.
- B.Being aggressive or overly stressed.
- C.Maintaining eye contact to show attentiveness.
- D.Keeping a suitable distance and respecting personal space.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'avoid' 和 'make a conversation smooth' → 在语篇中定位到 'Use Nonverbal Cues' 段落，其中提到 'a badly chosen word or a raised voice can upset a listener' → 推断出应避免 'Being aggressive or overly stressed' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：为了使对话顺利进行，应该避免什么？正确项：表现得具有攻击性或过度紧张。
- A.To make sure you turn off your cell phones.
- B.To respect people involved in the conversation.
- C.To show you are an easy-going person.
- D.To offer suggestions actively.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'good listener' → 在语篇中定位到 'Be Fully Present' 段落，其中提到 'A sharp focus on the topic at hand is essential... and it is also helpful to keep outside distractions to a minimum' → 推断出 'respect people involved' 是其核心要求 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：成为一个好的倾听者，什么是必要的？正确项：尊重参与对话的人。
听力原文 · Questions 20 to 22（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Mental health is our birthright. We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like an immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allows us to slow down to the moment and live life happily. bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.
- A.The ability of speaking a certain kind of language.
- B.The ability of mending things.
- C.The ability of building a good relationship.
- D.The ability of healing physical wounds.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'same mechanism as mental health' → 在语篇中定位到 'Mental health is our birthright... it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone' → 同义替换为 'healing physical wounds' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：在人类的各种能力中，哪一种与心理健康具有相同的机制？正确项：治愈身体伤口的能力。
- A.Always feeling miserable when encountering difficulties.
- B.Keeping calm though the child has made the house a mess.
- C.Unwilling to offer a hand to those in troubles.
- D.Feeling superior to everybody else.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位描述心理健康特征的段落 → 提取‘patience’、‘sympathy’、‘kindness’等核心品质 → 匹配选项B的‘calm’与‘patience’同义替换
考点：心理健康特征提取同义替换
译文：题干：在以下心理状态中，哪一项可以表明拥有心理健康？ 正确项B：尽管孩子把房子弄得一团糟，仍能保持冷静。
- A.Mental Health: Tool Case of the Mind
- B.How to Gain Mental Health
- C.Mental Health: The Key to Success
- D.Be Careful of Mental Problems
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文结构 → 提炼核心论点（心理健康是与生俱来的内在资源，如同工具箱） → 匹配选项A的隐喻性概括
考点：主旨概括隐喻理解
译文：题干：以下哪项是本文的最佳标题？ 正确项A：心理健康：心灵的工具箱
听力原文 · Questions 23 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
As career planning is very essential in your career, I would like to offer some tips about how to do career planning. Study yourself. This is the key to career planning. Understanding what you are like, what you value, and what kind of person you want to become is the foundation for all career planning. In studying yourself, you examine your strengths and weaknesses, your goals, and the trends in your personal development. The self-understanding that you gain enables you to imagine how certain occupations may best fit your personality, interests, abilities, and goals. All career decisions require us to learn both about ourselves and about work, and to integrate these two kinds of knowledge. Make a list of short and long term career goals. Consider your individual skills, talents, interests and hobbies. You may realize that your daily struggle with new technologies is a source of frustration that you would like to eliminate. List all the goals you have for your work life. Assign a time frame to each goal. Some may be achievable in the near future. Others may require years of efforts. Many will probably lead to a series of goals that you must accomplish over time to reach your desired end result. If your ultimate goal is to have a managerial role, you may need to become a trainer first, then a supervisor. Add specific action steps to your plan that will help you to achieve each goal. Research classes that may help you become more familiar with new technologies. Make a list of classes that you want to take, and then schedule a time to meet with your manager to discuss opportunities for pursuing this type of education. Write a detailed description of your end goals for each year over the next five years. By the end of the first year, you may want to have a few successful projects under your belt. As the second year comes to a close, you might want to be promoted to a higher position, and so on. Be clear about the changes that you want to see happen, when they should take place, and what steps you will take to get where you want to be. Career planning does not guarantee that all the problems, difficulties, or decision-making situations that you face in the future will be solved. Nor can any formula be given to do that. But career planning should help you to approach and cope better with new problems, such as deciding whether or not to enter educational or training programs, deciding whether or not to change jobs, and analyzing the difficulties you are having with a situation or a person. value, and what kind of person you want to become is the foundation for all career planning.
- A.Studying hard for a relatively high degree.
- B.Having enough knowledge about different careers.
- C.Understanding the new trend of career planning.
- D.Knowing more about yourself.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘Study yourself’段落 → 抓取‘key to career planning’、‘foundation’等信号词 → 匹配选项D的同义替换
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：职业规划的根本步骤是什么？ 正确项D：更多地了解你自己。
- A.Ask for professional advice from experienced people.
- B.Bring it down to a practical level.
- C.Divide it into smaller and achievable goals.
- D.Find an objective standard to reevaluate your ability.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘Assign a time frame to each goal’段落 → 提取‘a series of goals that you must accomplish over time’及‘managerial role’示例 → 推断出将大目标分解为可实现的小步骤
考点：细节定位举例推理
译文：题干：根据说话者，如果你的最终目标相当宏大，你应该怎么做？ 正确项C：将其分解为更小、可实现的目标。
- A.To help you to deal with new problems you may meet with in your career better.
- B.To ensure that you achieve something big sometime in the future.
- C.To shorten the time you are tangled up with tricky situations.
- D.To accelerate the process of climbing up the social ladder.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：综合全文关于职业规划目的的描述（了解自我、设定目标、应对未来） → 推断其核心意义在于帮助应对未来可能出现的新问题 → 匹配选项A
考点：综合推断目的归纳
译文：题干：制定职业规划的意义是什么？ 正确项A：帮助你应对未来可能遇到的新问题。
第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分
A. assumedB. biasC. desperateD. deteriorationE. exceptionF. faultG. incidentallyH. notablyI. previousJ. relayedK. shiftingL. shrankM. subtleN. transmittingO. worldwide
参考答案与解析
答案：26-E 27-O 28-K 29-L 30-A 31-F 32-H 33-I 34-C 35-D
解析：26 空 定位空格前 'was no' → 识别固定搭配 'be no exception' → 选择表示'例外'的名词
27 空 定位空格前 'sales' → 分析句子结构，空格处需副词修饰 'accounted for' → 选择表示'全球/总体'的副词
28 空 定位空格前 'preferences were already' → 分析后文 'toward touch-screen smartphones' → 选择表示'转变/转移'的动词-ing形式
29 空 定位空格前 'Nokia's market share' → 分析后文 'rapidly and revenue plunged' → 选择表示'下降/暴跌'的动词过去式
30 空 定位空格前 'which he' → 分析先行词 'position as CEO' → 选择表示'担任/就任'的动词过去式
31 空 定位空格前固定搭配 'at ___' → 结合上下文语境（Elop决策失误，但非唯一责任人）→ 选择表示'有过错'的名词
32 空 定位空格前 'Most ___' → 结合上下文（列举多位责任人，此处强调最突出者）→ 选择表示'尤其'的副词
33 空 定位空格前 'company's ___ success' → 结合上下文（Ollila对过去成功的迷恋导致未能认清变革）→ 选择表示'过去的'形容词
34 空 定位空格前 'a ___ cost-cutting program' → 结合上下文（裁员数千人，导致文化消亡）→ 选择表示'大规模的'形容词
35 空 定位空格前 'contributed to the ___ of the company's once-spirited culture' → 结合上下文（文化被削弱，人才流失）→ 选择表示'侵蚀/削弱'的名词
考点：固定搭配 be no exception副词作状语语境选词动词-ing形式作表语近义词辨析动词过去式定语从句动词搭配固定搭配 at fault副词用法
译文：题干：移动电话冠军诺基亚，欧洲最大的科技成功故事之一，也不例外，在短短几年内就失去了市场份额。正确项：exception（例外）
第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-H 2-C 3-B 4-N 5-A 6-I 7-G 8-O 9-D 10-M
解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'doubts about their abilities' → 在段落[D]中找到 'help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary fit'，该组织旨在帮助学生，暗示学生存在疑虑 → 同义替换得出答案H
37. 定位题干关键词 'heavier financial burdens' → 在段落[C]中直接找到 'carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers' → 同义替换得出答案C
38. 定位题干关键词 'graduation rate' 和 'incredibly low' → 在段落[B]中直接找到 'frighteningly low graduation rate a mere 29 percent' → 同义替换得出答案B
39. 定位题干关键词 'Yale' 和 'more support than they actually need' → 在提供的段落全文中未找到任何关于Yale或顶尖院校支持过度的信息 → 该信息在给定语篇中无依据，属于无中生有
40. 定位题干关键词 'had no idea how challenging' → 在段落[A]中找到 'was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education'，'rigors' 对应 'challenging'，'unprepared' 对应 'had no idea' → 同义替换得出答案A
41. 定位题干关键词 'refuse to release' → 在语篇中寻找同义表达 'simply refuse to release' → 匹配段落 [I]（注：语篇未提供完整段落，但根据题干与正确答案I推断，该信息应出现在后续段落中）
42. 定位题干关键词 'marketing executive' 和 'elite university' → 在语篇中寻找相关人物观点 → 匹配段落 [G]（注：语篇未提供完整段落，但根据题干与正确答案G推断，该信息应出现在后续段落中）
43. 定位题干关键词 'elite universities' 和 'self-confidence' → 在语篇中寻找相关措施描述 → 匹配段落 [O]（注：语篇未提供完整段落，但根据题干与正确答案O推断，该信息应出现在后续段落中）
44. 定位题干关键词 'I'm First' 和 'distributes information' → 在语篇中寻找该组织的行动描述 → 匹配段落 [D] 中 'He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary fit.'
45. 定位题干关键词 'Elite universities' 和 'higher rate' → 在语篇中寻找关于毕业率的对比信息 → 匹配段落 [M]（注：语篇未提供完整段落，但根据题干与正确答案M推断，该信息应出现在后续段落中）
考点：细节定位同义替换信息缺失判断人物观点匹配目的匹配比较关系
译文：题干：许多第一代大学生对自己的大学学位能力存在疑虑。正确项H：一个非营利组织旨在帮助第一代大学生找到最适合的大学。
第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分
Saying they can no longer ignore the rising price of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care. The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers. "There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts." Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs $50 a dose and the other close to $2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use? "I think ethically we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue."
- A.Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.
- B.Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.
- C.Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.
- D.Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位首段核心建议 → 提取‘weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness’ → 同义替换为‘take costs into account’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：一些最具影响力的医疗团体建议医生做什么？正确项：在做出治疗决定时考虑成本。
- A.Specific medicines to be used.
- B.Effects of medical treatment.
- C.Professional advancement.
- D.Patients' trust.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位‘from being concerned exclusively about individual patients’ → 推断过去医生主要关注个体患者 → 同义替换为‘治疗效果’
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：过去医生主要关注什么？正确项：医疗治疗的效果。
- A.The redefining of doctors' roles.
- B.Overuse of less effective medicines.
- C.Conflicts between doctors and patients.
- D.The prolonging of patients' suffering.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位‘the new guidelines being developed could result in...’ → 提取‘doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons’ → 同义替换为‘redefining of doctors' roles’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：正在制定的新指南可能导致什么？正确项：医生角色的重新定义。
- A.They may be involved in a conflict of interest.
- B.They may be forced to divide their attention.
- C.They may have to use less effective drugs.
- D.They may lose the respect of patients.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘doctors risked losing the trust of patients’ → 同义替换为‘lose the respect of patients’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：医生在同时担任患者护理提供者和财务监督者的双重角色时看到了什么风险？正确项：他们可能会失去患者的尊重。
- A.It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.
- B.It will help to save money for society as a whole.
- C.It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.
- D.It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位专家观点‘There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors’ → 推断其认为医生介入成本分析源于社会未能妥善处理该问题
考点：观点态度推理判断
译文：题干：一些专家对医生参与医疗成本分析有何看法？正确项：这源于社会未能解决这个问题。
Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No.1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs in that ladder have grown farther apart. For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely? Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility." Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community: 1. Per-capita income growth 2. Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative) 3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending—which may stand for good schools—are the most likely to help poor children relive the Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.
- A.It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.
- B.It is the greatest threat to social stability.
- C.It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.
- D.It is the most malicious social evil of our time.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位Obama观点句 → 提取inequality与upward mobility的因果关系 → 同义替换为obstacle to social mobility
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：奥巴马如何看待经济不平等？正确项：它是社会流动性的最大障碍。
- A.It is fast widening across most parts of America.
- B.It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.
- C.It is not correctly interpreted.
- D.It is overwhelmingly ignored.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位Scott Winship观点句 → 提取inequality与mobility的弱预测关系 → 同义替换为not a reliable indicator
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：从Scott Winship的数据分析中我们了解到关于不平等差距的什么信息？正确项：它不是经济流动性的一个可靠指标。
- A.have placed religious beliefs above party politics
- B.have bridged the gap between the rich and the poor
- C.offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder
- D.suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Salt Lake City与Atlanta的对比描述 → 提取前者“lift the fortunes of the poor” → 同义替换为offer poor children more chances
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：与亚特兰大相比，盐湖城大都市区据说______。正确项：为贫困儿童提供了更多攀登社会阶梯的机会。
- A.Family structure.
- B.Racial equality.
- C.School education.
- D.Community density.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位Raj Chetty观点句 → 提取“single strongest correlate” → 直接对应family structure
考点：细节定位关键信息捕捉
译文：题干：根据经济学家Raj Chetty的说法，什么与社会流动性密切相关？正确项：家庭结构。
- A.It is important to increase the size of the middle class.
- B.It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.
- C.It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.
- D.It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：综合全文论述重心（从宏观不平等转向社区层面因素） → 推断作者建议的行动方向 → 同义替换为start from the community
考点：主旨推断同义替换
译文：题干：作者似乎在暗示什么？正确项：最好从社区入手帮助贫困儿童。
第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
As is vividly depicted in the picture, a man is talking proudly to a woman, his eyes wide open, claiming that he reads about three hours every day and that his favorite book is Facebook. Simple as it is, the drawing conveys a thought-provoking message: for many people today, so-called reading has quietly been replaced by scrolling through social networking websites. The implication behind this cartoon deserves our serious attention. On one hand, social platforms do bring us fragmented information, giving us the illusion that we are reading a great deal. On the other hand, such fragmented reading rarely leaves anything solid in our minds. Constant notifications keep shortening our attention span, so that few of us can sit down and finish a whole book. In this sense, what the man calls reading is far from genuine, in-depth reading. In my view, social networking websites are a double-edged sword rather than a substitute for books. We should make use of them to gather information, yet consciously reserve time for serious reading that truly nourishes the mind. Only by striking such a balance can we enjoy the convenience of the digital age without losing the depth that classic books offer.
第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
In helping the international community eliminate extreme poverty by 2030, China is playing an increasingly important role. Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, China has lifted as many as 400 million people out of poverty. In the next five years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in such fields as poverty reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection and health care. China has made remarkable progress in poverty reduction and unremitting efforts in promoting economic growth, which will encourage other poor countries to cope with the challenges in their own development. When seeking a development path with their own characteristics, these countries can draw on China's experience.
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