2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2011 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-C 2-D 3-B 4-B 5-A 6-B 7-A 8-D 9-C 10-A 11-B 12-C 13-D 14-C 15-B 16-D 17-A 18-D 19-A 20-C
解析：1 空 定位转折逻辑 → 分析空格前后语义对立 → 选择表示让步的介词
2 空 定位宾语“short-term changes” → 分析动词与宾语的语义搭配 → 选择表示“引起、产生”的动词
3 空 定位并列结构“heart rate and oxygen consumption” → 分析动词与并列宾语的语义一致性 → 选择表示“提升”的动词
4 空 定位因果逻辑“because hard laughter is difficult to...” → 分析动词与“hard laughter”的语义搭配 → 选择表示“持续、维持”的动词
5 空 定位比较结构“the way...walking or jogging does” → 分析形容词与“benefits”的语义搭配 → 选择表示“可测量的、显著的”形容词
6 空 定位空格前后逻辑关系 → 前文提及‘little influence on physical fitness’，后文阐述‘accomplishes the opposite’（放松肌肉而非锻炼） → 判断为转折/事实澄清关系 → 选择‘In fact’
7 空 定位空格所在句 → 前文‘instead of straining muscles to build them’（而非锻炼肌肉使其强壮） → 后文‘laughter apparently accomplishes the ___’ → 判断为与‘build’相反的动作 → 选择‘opposite’
8 空 定位空格所在句 → 后文‘decreasing muscle tone’（降低肌肉张力） → 判断为与‘decreasing’同向的动作 → 选择‘relaxes’
9 空 定位空格所在句 → 前文‘Such bodily reaction’（这种身体反应）指代‘laughter relaxes muscles’ → 后文‘the effects of psychological stress’（心理压力的影响） → 判断为身体放松可能有助于‘减轻’压力影响 → 选择‘moderate’
10 空 定位空格所在句 → 前文‘the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___ feedback’ → 后文‘that improve an individual's emotional state’（改善情绪状态） → 结合全文主题‘笑对健康的影响’ → 判断为‘身体’反馈 → 选择‘physical’
11 空 定位空格前后语义 → 分析逻辑关系（转折后引述观点） → 匹配介词短语功能 → 得出答案
12 空 定位空格所在短语 → 识别固定搭配 → 匹配介词 → 得出答案
13 空 定位空格所在从句 → 分析前后句逻辑关系（因果） → 选择引导原因状语从句的连词 → 得出答案
14 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（情感与眼泪的先后顺序） → 辨析近义词 → 得出答案
15 空 定位空格所在短语 → 识别固定搭配 → 匹配介词 → 得出答案
16 空 定位实验描述 → 分析实验动作（用牙齿或嘴唇夹笔） → 匹配动词与宾语（pen）的常见搭配 → 得出答案
17 空 定位实验分组（牙齿组 vs. 嘴唇组） → 分析两组动作产生的面部表情差异（微笑 vs. 皱眉） → 根据“artificial smile”的反义推断 → 得出答案
18 空 定位实验结果（对滑稽卡通的反应） → 分析主语（微笑肌肉组）与宾语（funny cartoons）的逻辑关系 → 匹配动词与介词（to）的固定搭配 → 得出答案
19 空 定位实验结论句 → 分析前后分句的逻辑关系（实验结果 → 实验启示） → 判断非谓语动词作状语的逻辑主语与功能（表结果或推论） → 得出答案
20 空 定位段落位置（实验结论后，新观点前） → 分析前后文逻辑关系（前文讲表情影响情绪，后文讲情绪理论） → 根据逻辑衔接词功能（类比、转折、因果等）选择 → 得出答案
考点：转折逻辑介词搭配语义对立动宾搭配语境选词近义词辨析并列结构因果逻辑动词搭配比较结构形容词辨析逻辑衔接词辨析转折关系识别反义词辨析主题一致性固定搭配 according to语境逻辑判断固定搭配 be rooted in状语从句逻辑关系因果逻辑判断固定搭配 flow from固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑衔接词
译文：题干：但是，___一些相反的说法，笑可能对身体健康几乎没有影响。正确项：尽管（despite）
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.
- A.incurred criticism.
- B.raised suspicion.
- C.received acclaim.
- D.aroused curiosity.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位首段关键句 → 提取‘response has been favorable’及‘Hooray! At last!’等积极评价 → 同义替换为‘received acclaim’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：我们从第一段得知，吉尔伯特的任命______。正确项C：受到了赞誉。
- A.influential.
- B.modest.
- C.respectable.
- D.talented.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位Tommasini的评价 → 提取‘unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor’ → 推断其核心含义为‘modest’
考点：细节定位语境推断
译文：题干：托马西尼认为吉尔伯特是一位______的艺术家。正确项B：谦逊的。
- A.ignore the expenses of live performances.
- B.reject most kinds of recorded performances.
- C.exaggerate the variety of live performances.
- D.overestimate the value of live performances.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位作者对‘devoted concertgoers’的评价 → 提取‘missing the point’及后续论证 → 推断作者认为他们高估了现场演出的价值
考点：观点态度推断逻辑推理
译文：题干：作者认为那些忠实的音乐会观众______。正确项D：高估了现场演出的价值。
- A.They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
- B.They are easily accessible to the general public.
- C.They help improve the quality of music.
- D.They have only covered masterpieces.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位关于‘recordings’的描述 → 提取‘cheap, available everywhere’ → 同义替换为‘easily accessible to the general public’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据文章，以下哪项关于录音的描述是正确的？正确项B：它们很容易被大众获取。
- A.doubtful.
- B.enthusiastic.
- C.confident.
- D.puzzled.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位作者对吉尔伯特的直接评价 → 提取‘I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one’ → 推断作者态度为‘doubtful’
考点：观点态度推断语境推理
译文：题干：关于吉尔伯特在复兴爱乐乐团中的作用，作者感到______。正确项A：怀疑的。
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company." Broadcasting his ambition was "very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29. McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first." Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later. Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. "The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, but that's been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long."
- A.arrogant.
- B.frank.
- C.self-centered.
- D.impulsive.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位首段描述McGee离职方式 → 提取关键形容词surprisingly straight up → 同义替换为frank
考点：观点态度识别细节定位与同义替换
译文：题干：当McGee宣布离职时，他的态度最恰当的描述是____。正确项B：坦率的。
- A.their expectation of better financial status.
- B.their need to reflect on their private life.
- C.their strained relations with the boards.
- D.their pursuit of new career goals.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第二段关于高管离职原因的论述 → 提取pursue my goal, looking for a CEO post等信息 → 归纳为追求新职业目标
考点：细节定位信息归纳与同义替换
译文：题干：根据第二段，高管离职可能由____推动。正确项D：他们对新职业目标的追求。
- A.approved of.
- B.attended to.
- C.hunted for.
- D.guarded against.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第四段poached所在句 → 分析上下文（headhunters, look at sitting CEOs） → 推断为猎头主动搜寻
考点：词义猜测上下文线索推理
译文：题干：第四段第三行的单词poached最可能的意思是____。正确项C：搜寻（猎取）。
- A.top performers used to cling to their posts.
- B.loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.
- C.top performers care more about reputations.
- D.it's safer to stick to the traditional rules.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位最后一段关于传统规则的描述 → 提取adhered to the rule, must be poached → 推断过去高管倾向于留任
考点：推理判断细节支撑推断
译文：题干：从最后一段可以推断____。正确项A：顶尖人才过去常常固守其职位。
- A.CEOs: Where to Go?
- B.CEOs: All the Way Up?
- C.Top Managers Jump without a Net
- D.The Only Way Out for Top Performers
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：通览全文把握核心话题 → 提取关键信息（高管主动离职、无职位跳槽） → 概括为无保障跳槽现象
考点：主旨大意篇章结构把握
译文：题干：以下哪项是本文的最佳标题？正确项C：高管无保障跳槽。
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid" media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage "owned" media by sending e- mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
- A.obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.
- B.inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.
- C.eager to help their friends promote quality products.
- D.enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位关键词 'earned media' → 在语篇中找到其定义 'Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends' → 同义替换 'passionate about a product' 为 'enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：当消费者____时，他们可能创造“赢得”媒体。正确项D：热衷于推荐他们喜爱的产品。
- A.a safe business environment.
- B.random competition.
- C.strong user traffic.
- D.flexibility in organization.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位关键词 'sold media' → 在语篇中找到其定义 'owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content...' → 提取核心特征 'traffic is so strong' → 同义替换为 'strong user traffic' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据第二段，出售媒体的特点是____。正确项C：强大的用户流量。
- A.invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
- B.can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
- C.may be responsible for fiercer competition.
- D.deserve all the negative comments about them.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位关键词 'earned media' 在第三段 → 找到相关描述 'Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media' → 推理：如果劫持媒体是赢得媒体的反面，且劫持媒体会带来负面指控，那么赢得媒体也可能被用于产生负面效果 → 得出答案
考点：推理判断反义推断
译文：题干：作者在第三段指出，赢得媒体____。正确项B：可能被用于在营销中产生负面效果。
- A.responding effectively to hijacked media.
- B.persuading customers into boycotting products.
- C.cooperating with supportive consumers.
- D.taking advantage of hijacked media.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位关键词 'Toyota Motor' → 在语篇中找到其作为 'hijacked media'（劫持媒体）的案例 → 理解案例中丰田公司对负面舆论的应对 → 推断其作为例子是为了说明如何有效应对劫持媒体 → 得出答案
考点：例证推理细节定位
译文：题干：丰田汽车的经历被引用来作为____的例子。正确项A：有效应对劫持媒体。
- A.Alternatives to conventional paid media.
- B.Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
- C.Dominance of hijacked media.
- D.Popularity of owned media.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文 → 识别核心话题：文章介绍了paid, owned, earned, sold, hijacked等多种媒体形式 → 归纳主旨：这些形式都是传统付费媒体的替代或补充 → 同义替换为 'Alternatives to conventional paid media' → 得出答案
考点：主旨归纳同义替换
译文：题干：以下哪项是本文的主旨？正确项A：传统付费媒体的替代品。
It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, "I love My Children, I Hate My Life," is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that "the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight." The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual "Jennifer Aniston is pregnant" news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands. In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn't seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives. Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own" (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake. It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
- A.temporary delight.
- B.enjoyment in progress.
- C.happiness in retrospect.
- D.lasting reward.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Senior观点句 → 识别‘past-tense condition’与‘later be sources of intense gratification’的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：past-tense conditionlater be sources of intense gratification and delight
译文：题干：Jennifer Senior在她的文章中提出，养育孩子可以带来____。正确项C：回顾时的幸福。
- A.celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.
- B.single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
- C.news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
- D.having children is highly valued by the public.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第二段关键句 → 提取社会对生育的普遍态度 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断
译文：题干：我们从第二段了解到______。正确答案D：生育受到公众高度重视。
- A.are constantly exposed to criticism.
- B.are largely ignored by the media.
- C.fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
- D.are less likely to be satisfied with their life.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位第三段 → 识别对比结构（unhappy parents vs. unhappy childless folks） → 推断childless folks面临的处境 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位对比推理同义替换
译文：题干：第三段暗示无子女的人______。正确项A：持续暴露在批评之中。
- A.soothing.
- B.ambiguous.
- C.compensatory.
- D.misleading.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第四段首句 → 识别核心评价词'hugely unrealistic' → 同义替换为'misleading' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断
译文：题干：根据第四段，名人杂志传达的信息是____。正确项D：误导性的。
- A.Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
- B.Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
- C.Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
- D.We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位末段首句 → 识别转折信号词 'Of course' → 推断作者对名人杂志所呈现的育儿形象的批判态度 → 得出答案
考点：转折信号词捕捉观点态度推断
译文：题干：从最后一段可以推断出什么？正确项B：名人妈妈影响了我们对育儿的态度。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a "general education" should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, "the great books are read because they have been read" – they form a sort of social glue. / One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. / No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. / Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained. / The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which "the producers of knowledge are produced". Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. "Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic." Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
艾伦的贡献在于:他把我们所有人都共有的一个假设——即因为我们不是机器人,所以我们能够掌控自己的思想——拿出来加以审视,并揭示了这一假设的错误本质。(47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone,in reality we are continually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do this orachieve that?"
参考答案与解析
参考译文
尽管我们或许能够仅凭意识层面的心智来维持一种「自己能掌控一切」的错觉,但事实上,我们不断面临着这样一个问题:「为什么我无法让自己做这件事或达成那件事?」(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, ofthe superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
这种说法似乎是在为漠视那些需要帮助的人提供正当理由,又为剥削行为提供合理化的说辞——即认可上层者高人一等、下层者低人一等的等级之分。(49) circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we havebeen "wronged" then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
境遇似乎是有意安排来激发我们身上最好的一面的;而如果我们感到自己「受了委屈」,那么我们就不大会有意识地努力去摆脱自身当前的处境。(50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where beforewe were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
积极的一面在于:当我们认识到一切都取决于自己时,其中所蕴含的种种可能性——以前我们是种种局限的专家,如今我们则成了一切可能之事的行家。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲7 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share – that because we arenot robots we therefore control our thoughts – and reveal its erroneous nature.第2段,第1句句中涵盖主系表结构、双宾语并列(take...and reveal)、省略关系代词的定语从句、同位语从句、原因状语从句等多种成分,且同位语从句与定语从句易混淆,原因状语从句在同位语从句内部作状语的嵌套结构值得反复练习,是优质的成分划分训练素材Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think thatthoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way andact another.第2段,第2句本句成分丰富且层次分明:涵盖主句主谓宾、原因状语从句、两层宾语从句、宾语补足语、并列谓语、代词指代等多种成分;特别是宾语从句套宾语从句、宾语补足语的不定式结构、并列谓语中的承前省略,都是四六级和考研高频易错点,训练价值高。Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accordwith desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what we are."第3段,第1句覆盖成分丰富:主谓宾、主系表、被动语态的状语、定语从句、宾语从句(含嵌套)、并列宾语,且what既作引导词又作从句内成分的双重身份是易错点,训练价值高This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument.第5段,第1句本句的 "情态动词 + 系动词" 结构在四六级和考研真题中较为常见,尤其是在表达假设、推测或委婉观点时。插入语的使用也是学术写作和考试中的典型现象。虽然本句本身较为简单,但其结构模式(主系表 + 插入语 + 情态动词)具有一定的代表性,学习者掌握后可以在类似语境中迁移运用。Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth.第5段,第2句简单句配合插入状语是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式,"however + 形容词" 引导让步状语也是典型用法。介词短语作后置定语同样高频。虽无从句,但插入结构和修饰层次的处理具有一定代表性,掌握后可迁移到类似句型。If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, thenhumanity would never have progressed.第5段,第3句虚拟条件句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,尤其是表达与过去事实相反的假设。If 从句 + 主句使用 would have done 的结构非常典型,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。这种反证推理的表达方式在议论文中常见,具有很强的代表性。Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person's early life and its conditions areoften the greatest gift to an individual.第5段,第5句主系表结构配合并列主语是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式。"as + 主语 + 谓语" 引导的方式状语从句作插入语也是典型的学术写作和议论文结构,在真题中经常出现。掌握本句结构可以迁移到大量类似句型的理解中。HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 45 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。circumstance B2 conscious B2n. 情况 adj. 意识到的本篇5 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇3 次 · 真题 14 句would A1 desire B2aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会 n. 愿望本篇2 次 · 真题 304 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 37 句reveal B2 achievement B1v. 揭示 n. 成就本篇2 次 · 真题 35 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 21 句accord C1 growth B1n. (国家、团体间的)协议 n. 增长本篇1 次 · 真题 172 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 80 句individual B2 design B1adj. 单独的 n. 设计本篇1 次 · 真题 59 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 52 句opportunity B1 gap B1n. 机会 n. 间隙本篇1 次 · 真题 50 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 45 句expert B1 argument B1n. 专家 n. 争论本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 39 句authority B2 writing A2n. 权力 n. 写作本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句reality B1 attract B1n. 现实 v. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)本篇1 次 · 真题 31 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 30 句humanity B2 possibility B1n. 人类(总称) n. 可能性本篇1 次 · 真题 29 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句prospect B2 character B1n. 可能性 n. 性格本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句conclude B2 unique B2v. 断定;推断出 adj. 独特的本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句generate B2 determine B2v. 产生,引起(结果、反应等) v. 决定本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句aspect B2 damage B1n. 方面 n. 损害本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句wrong A2 presence B2adj. 错误的 n. 在场本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 19 句reaction B1 blame B1n. 反应 v. 责备本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句cannot A1 neglect B2aux. 不能 v. 忽视;疏忽本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句contribution B2 therefore B1n. 贡献 adv. 因此,所以本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句unlikely B1 escape A2adj. 不太可能的 v. 逃跑;逃脱本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句contain B1 assumption B2v. 包含,含有 n. 假定;假设(未经证实就认为是真的事)本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句subtle B2 central B1adj. 微妙的 adj. 主要的本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句external B2 sustain B2adj. 外部的;外面的 v. 维持本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句unconscious B2adj. 失去知觉的本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 158 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 158 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 12 个 ·约 8%。41% 58% 78% 92% 99% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 158 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖158 8% 78 %考研英语一 2011年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 段落排序 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Dear Chris, How are you doing? I'm writing to recommend a movie that I truly love and think you would enjoy too — Forrest Gump. The reason I recommend it is simple. Its touching story tells how an ordinary man keeps running through life with honesty and hope, which always moves me deeply. Besides, the acting is brilliant and the soundtrack is unforgettable. Knowing how much you like inspiring stories, I'm sure it will speak to your heart as well. Why not watch it this weekend? I'd love to hear what you think afterwards. Yours, Li Ming
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, two tourists are enjoying a boat trip on a river. Instead of appreciating the scenery, they are casually throwing rubbish into the water, while the boatman rows on silently. Below them, the surface of the river is already covered with floating garbage-plastic bottles, watermelon rinds and fast-food boxes. The picture bears an ironic title, "The Leftovers of a Journey". Simple as it is, the drawing conveys a thought-provoking message. What the tourists leave behind is not beautiful memories but a polluted environment. The cartoon aims to satirize the widespread lack of environmental awareness among some travelers, who selfishly pursue their own pleasure at the expense of nature. As tourism booms, such uncivilized behavior is turning our scenic spots into rubbish dumps. In my view, this phenomenon deserves our serious attention. On the one hand, individuals should cultivate the habit of carrying their litter away rather than dumping it. On the other hand, the authorities ought to strengthen regulations and impose fines on offenders. Only when everyone acts responsibly can we truly enjoy the beauty of nature and leave our children a cleaner world.
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