2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2013 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-A 2-B 3-C 4-D 5-B 6-D 7-A 8-A 9-D 10-C 11-A 9-C 12-B 13-C 14-B 15-C 16-D 17-D 18-B 19-A
解析：1 空 定位空格后宾语 'the ability' → 分析动词与 'ability' 的常见搭配 → 结合语境 'strength that ___ the ability' 判断动词需表示 '赋予、给予' → 选择 grants
2 空 定位空格前 'unbiased by' → 分析 'unbiased' 的反义逻辑 → 结合后文 'daily samples of information' 与 'big picture' 的对比 → 推断此处需表示 '外部的、无关的' 因素 → 选择 external
3 空 定位空格前 'consider the big' → 识别固定搭配 'the big picture' → 结合语境 'inability to consider the big ___' 与 'daily samples' 对比 → 确认此处为 '大局、整体' 的含义 → 选择 picture
4 空 定位空格位于段落开头，后接 'he theorised that a judge...' → 分析前文 'But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated...' 与后文举例的关系 → 判断此处需表示 '例如' 的逻辑衔接词 → 选择 For example
5 空 定位空格后 'of appearing too soft' → 分析 'judge ___ of appearing' 的搭配 → 结合语境 'might be more likely to send someone to prison' 推断法官的心理状态 → 选择 fearful（害怕、担心）
6 空 定位空格前后的名词 'crime' → 识别固定搭配 'be soft on something' → 得出答案
7 空 分析句子逻辑关系 → 前文是条件（担心软弱），后文是结果（更可能判监禁） → 识别条件状语从句 → 得出答案
8 空 定位空格前的 'To' 和后文的 'this idea' → 结合下文 'he turned to the university-admissions process' → 推断其目的是验证想法 → 得出答案
9 空 定位空格后的 'of an applicant' → 结合后文 'should not depend on the few others' 和 'to make a decision' → 推断此处指申请者的最终结果 → 得出答案
10 空 定位空格前的 'the few others' → 分析其与后文 'randomly for interview' 的逻辑关系 → 'others' 是被随机挑选的 → 使用过去分词作后置定语 → 得出答案
11 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑（转折对比） → 结合后文‘would otherwise have been’的虚拟语气 → 得出答案
12 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析宾语‘interviews’与动词的搭配关系 → 结合‘by 31 admissions officers’的施动者 → 得出答案
13 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析宾语‘applicants’与介词‘on a scale of one to five’的搭配 → 结合‘评分’语境 → 得出答案
14 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析固定搭配‘take...into consideration’ → 结合主语‘This scale’ → 得出答案
15 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句子逻辑（分数与GMAT分数结合使用） → 结合‘in conjunction with’的并列关系 → 得出答案
16 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（scale）与宾语（numerous factors）的逻辑关系 → 选择表示‘考虑、纳入’的动词 → 确认固定搭配 take...into consideration
17 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析比较对象（the score of the previous candidate... higher than that of the one {{17}} that） → 根据‘previous’推断空格应表示时间上的‘之前’ → 选择表示‘在...之前’的介词
18 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析因果关系（前一位分数高 → 下一位分数变化） → 根据研究结论（对比效应）推断分数应下降 → 选择表示‘下降’的动词
19 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析逻辑关系（分数下降的影响 → 需要更多GMAT分数来弥补） → 推断空格动词应表示‘抵消、弥补’ → 选择表示‘抵消’的动词
20 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析逻辑关系（需要更多分数来弥补下降 → 这些分数是‘原本需要的’） → 选择表示‘必要的、需要的’的形容词
考点：动词搭配 grant ability语境选词近义词辨析逻辑对比固定搭配 the big picture熟词僻义逻辑衔接词转折与信号词捕捉固定搭配 be fearful of固定搭配 'be soft on crime'条件状语从句引导词语境推断动词非谓语动词作定语动词搭配固定搭配动词搭配 take...into consideration逻辑顺序
译文：题干：人们在做个人决策时，总体上不善于考虑背景信息。乍一看，这似乎是一种优势，它___了做出不受___因素影响的判断的能力。正确项：grants（赋予）
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of "fast fashion". In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable – meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that – and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals. Overdressed is the fashion world's answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma. "Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful," Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can't be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line – Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.
- A.insensitivity to fashion.
- B.obsession with high fashion.
- C.poor bargaining skill.
- D.lack of imagination.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位首段 Priestly 批评助理的语句 → 提取助理认为高级时尚不影响自己的观点 → 推断 Priestly 批评其对时尚的不敏感
考点：细节定位观点推断
译文：题干：Priestly 批评她的助理____。正确项：对时尚不敏感。
- A.combat unnecessary waste.
- B.shop for their garments more frequently.
- C.resist the influence of advertisements.
- D.shut out the feverish fashion world.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第二段关于 mass-market labels 的描述 → 提取其鼓励消费者将衣服视为一次性用品并频繁更新衣橱 → 同义替换为更频繁购物
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据 Cline 的说法，大众市场品牌敦促消费者____。正确项：更频繁地购买服装。
- A.tolerance.
- B.indifference.
- C.enthusiasm.
- D.accusation.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第二段首句中 'indictment' 所在语境 → 分析其修饰 'fast fashion' 及后文对快时尚的负面描述 → 推断词义为“控诉”
考点：词义猜测语境推断
译文：题干：单词 'indictment' 最接近的意思是____。正确项：控诉。
- A.Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
- B.The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
- C.Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
- D.People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位末段关于 Sarah Kate Beaumont 的描述 → 提取其自制衣服但耗时数十年且难以效仿 → 推断作者意在说明环保购物方式（如自制）与价格/便利性的关系
考点：推理判断细节支撑
译文：题干：从最后一段可以推断出什么？正确项：定价对于环保购物至关重要。
- A.Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
- B.Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
- C.Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
- D.Exposure of a mass-market secret.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：通读全文 → 概括各段核心内容（快时尚的兴起、运作模式、负面影响） → 归纳文章主旨为对快时尚产业的批评
考点：主旨大意全文概括
译文：题干：本文的主题是什么？正确项：对快时尚产业的批评。
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted – the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim "behavioural" ads at those most likely to buy. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track" (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default. Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. "They'll get less meaningful, less targeted ads." It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8 – though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "We believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?
- A.provide better online services.
- B.ease competition among themselves.
- C.avoid complaints from consumers.
- D.lower their operational costs.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位首段关于行为广告的描述 → 推断其核心优势（精准投放） → 对应降低运营成本
考点：细节定位目的推断
译文：题干：第一段暗示“行为”广告帮助广告商____。正确项D：降低他们的运营成本。
- A.internet browser developers.
- B.digital information analysts.
- C.e-commerce conductors.
- D.online advertisers.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第三段“the industry”所在句 → 分析上下文指代对象（FTC与DAA协议的执行方） → 确定为在线广告商
考点：指代判断上下文衔接
译文：题干：“the industry”（第3段第5行）指的是____。正确项D：在线广告商。
- A.may cut the number of junk ads.
- B.fails to affect the ad industry.
- C.will not benefit consumers.
- D.goes against human nature.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Bob Liodice的言论 → 提取其核心观点（消费者会因无法收集偏好信息而处境更糟） → 同义替换为“不会受益于消费者”
考点：观点定位同义转述
译文：题干：Bob Liodice认为将DNT设为默认____。正确项C：不会使消费者受益。
- A.Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.
- B.DNT may not serve its intended purpose.
- C.DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.
- D.Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第六段关于广告商可能忽略DNT信号的描述 → 推断DNT可能无法实现其阻止追踪的初衷
考点：细节理解目的推断
译文：题干：根据第六段，以下哪项是正确的？正确项B：DNT可能无法达到其预期目的。
- A.indulgence.
- B.understanding.
- C.appreciation.
- D.skepticism.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位作者对Brendon Lynch博客言论的评论上下文 → 分析作者使用的措辞（如“some may ignore...and press on anyway”） → 推断作者持怀疑态度
考点：态度推断措辞分析
译文：题干：作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的话的态度是____。正确项D：怀疑。
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely – though by no means uniformly – glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all. Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years – so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence. Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
- A.our desire for lives of fulfillment.
- B.our faith in science and technology.
- C.our awareness of potential risks.
- D.our belief in equal opportunity.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位首段首句 → 识别“used to be”对应“Up until a few decades ago” → 提取“glowingly positive”的原因（科技） → 同义替换为“faith in science and technology”
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：我们对未来的愿景过去常常受到____的启发。正确项：我们对科学和技术的信念。
- A.a sustained species.
- B.the world's dominant power.
- C.a threat to the environment.
- D.a misplaced race.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位“IUCN's Red List”引用内容 → 提取“Least Concern”及原因（分布广、适应性强、数量增长、无重大威胁） → 同义替换为“a sustained species”
考点：细节定位词义猜测
译文：题干：IUCN的“红色名录”表明人类是____。正确项：一个持续存在的物种。
- A.The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
- B.Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
- C.Technology offers solutions to social problems.
- D.Our immediate future is hard to conceive.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第五段（从“So what does our deep future hold?”开始） → 提取“it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future” → 同义替换为“immediate future is hard to conceive”
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据第五段，以下哪项是正确的？正确项：我们的近期未来很难构想。
- A.adopt an optimistic view of the world.
- B.draw on our experience from the past.
- C.explore our planet's abundant resources.
- D.curb our ambition to reshape history.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位末段关键句“As so often, the past holds the key to the future” → 推理“确保人类未来”的关键在于“从过去汲取经验” → 同义替换为“draw on our experience from the past”
考点：推理判断逻辑衔接
译文：题干：为确保人类的未来，至关重要的是____。正确项：从过去汲取我们的经验。
- A.The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.
- B.Science, Technology and Humanity.
- C.Evolution of the Human Species.
- D.Uncertainty about Our Future.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文结构：首段对比过去乐观与现在悲观 → 中间段用证据反驳悲观 → 末段提出基于历史的长远乐观展望 → 概括主旨为“人类前景光明”
考点：主旨大意篇章结构
译文：题干：以下哪项最适合作为本文标题？正确项：人类永恒光明的前景。
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday – a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held Congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers. However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justices – Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas – agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as "a shocking assertion of federal executive power". The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with. Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
- A.disturbed the power balance between different states.
- B.overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
- C.deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
- D.contradicted both the federal and state policies.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第三段 → 提取最高法院推翻条款的原因（intruded on federal's privileged powers） → 同义替换为 overstepped authority
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：亚利桑那州计划的三项条款被推翻是因为它们____。正确项：B. 超越了联邦移民法的权限。
- A.Congress's intervention in immigration enforcement.
- B.Federal officers' duty to withhold immigrants' information.
- C.States' legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
- D.States' independence from federal immigration law.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第四段 → 提取大法官们一致同意的内容（允许警察核实身份，因国会鼓励合作） → 同义替换为 states' legitimate role
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据第四段，大法官们在哪一点上达成了一致？正确项：C. 各州在移民执法中的合法角色。
- A.stood in favor of the states.
- B.supported the federal statute.
- C.undermined the states' interests.
- D.violated the Constitution.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位第五段 → 提取Scalia引用Alien and Sedition Acts的目的（robust defense of state privileges） → 推断该法案支持州权
考点：推理判断语境推断
译文：题干：从第五段可以推断出Alien and Sedition Acts____。正确项：A. 支持各州。
- A.is dependent on the states' support.
- B.is established by federal statutes.
- C.outweighs that held by the states.
- D.rarely goes against state laws.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第五段 → 提取白宫主张（可使任何合法州法律无效） → 推断其执法权高于州权
考点：推理判断同义替换
译文：题干：白宫声称其执法权____。正确项：C. 超过各州所持有的权力。
- A.Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
- B.The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
- C.Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
- D.Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：通读全文 → 提取核心矛盾（白宫主张 vs. 最高法院8-0裁决） → 推断大法官们意图制衡行政权
考点：主旨大意推理判断
译文：题干：从最后一段可以得知什么？正确项：D. 大法官们意图制衡政府的权力。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. / Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development. / However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords. / During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds – including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate – varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%. / The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
然而,当人们看到那些由无家可归者建造的花园的照片时,不禁会想到:尽管这些花园风格各异,它们所反映出的却是除装饰与创作性表达之外的其他种种基本(人类)冲动。(47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
一处神圣的宁静之地,无论它多么简陋,都是一种明显属于人类的需求;而(仅供)遮蔽的栖身之所则是一种明显属于动物的需求。(48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into anurban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
无家可归者的花园(实际上就是无家的花园)把秩序(形态)引入城市环境之中;而在这片环境里,秩序原本要么不曾存在,要么虽存在却无法被辨认出是秩序。(49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as ifby magic.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
我们大多数人就会陷入一种精神上的颓丧,并通常将其归咎于某些心理上的状况;直到有一天,我们发现自己置身于一座花园之中,才感到那种压抑仿佛被施了魔法般地消失了。(50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden,though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
正是这种对自然或暗或明的指涉,才充分证明了使用「花园」一词(尽管是在一种「放宽了的」意义上)来描述这些人工搭建之物是合理的。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲9 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express,fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.第1段,第2句该句含有形式主语与真实主语的对应(“it strikes one that...”)、“There be”句型的多重并列解释成分、插入语作让步状语、以及大量的后置定语(如不定式并列作定语、过去分词短语作定语、介词短语作定语)。这使它成为训练成分划分和长难句剖析的绝佳素材。A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, asopposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.第2段,第2句主句包含主系表结构加状语,让步从句涉及倒装结构(表语前置)和情态动词,定语从句中关系代词既引导从句又充当从句主语。这些成分覆盖了主谓宾表状、定语从句、状语从句、倒装等多种常考结构,且有 "which" 在从句中身兼二职、插入成分分隔主谓等易错点,作为成分划分练习句有较好的训练价值。This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for theseunlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent.第2段,第3句全句包含三层嵌套:主句内嵌结果状语从句,结果状语从句内又嵌套条件状语从句和方式状语从句。且方式状语从句"as it is for these unlikely gardeners"插在条件状语从句与主干之间,形成交叉嵌套,理解时需反复回读才能理清各从句的归属关系和修饰对象。The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce forminto an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible assuch.第2段,第5句本句覆盖主语、谓语、宾语、状语等核心成分,且主语部分包含介词短语定语和非限制性定语从句的双重修饰,状语部分又嵌套限制性定语从句,成分层次丰富。限制性定语从句内部的 either or 并列谓语结构是易错点,系表结构 was not discernible as such 中 as such 的修饰关系也值得练习。整体作为成分划分练习句,能训练学生识别修饰关系、区分限制性与非限制性定语从句、处理并列结构等多项技能Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, isso intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.第3段,第1句本句覆盖多种成分类型:主语(含定语从句修饰)、系动词谓语、表语(含结果状语从句修饰)、定语从句内部的主谓宾结构(关系代词作宾语)、状语从句内部的主系表结构(含程度状语和介词宾语)。定语从句中关系代词 "that" 作介词宾语、且与两个并列动词短语搭配,结果状语从句中"be conscious of" 的固定搭配及程度状语 "barely ever" 的位置,都是易错点。成分丰富且有典型坑点,训练价值高。When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give in to ademoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if bymagic.第3段,第2句覆盖丰富:主谓宾、主系表、复合宾语(find ourselves in / feel sth do)、定语从句、状语从句、并列谓语、被动语态、反身代词作宾语、介词短语作宾补等多种成分和结构;包含易错点如关系代词充当宾语、感官动词后接宾补、并列谓语共用主语等,训练价值高In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plantsis unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to callforth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplikearrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and afrequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals.第3段,第3句成分划分训练价值高。句中涵盖主语、系动词、表语、地点状语、方式状语、条件状语、宾语及后置定语等多种成分;并列结构丰富(多个名词短语通过逗号和 and 连接);状语位置灵活(句首地点状语、句中插入的条件状语、句末方式状语),适合练习成分识别和并列结构分析。On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level,seems to be the natural world.第3段,第4句本句覆盖了倒装结构中的主语、谓语、表语识别,定语从句中的关系代词所有格 "whose" 的用法,插入语的识别,以及系动词接不定式作表语等多个知识点。倒装句的主语定位和定语从句的修饰关系都是考试常见易错点,训练价值较高。It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions.第3段,第5句本句涵盖强调句结构、形式主语、系表结构、让步状语从句省略、不定式作目的状语等多种成分和句式,且强调句的识别与还原、省略成分的补全都是易错点和高频考点,作为成分划分练习句收益极高。HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 45 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。urge B2 homeless B1v. 敦促 adj. 无家可归的本篇5 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇4 次 · 真题 13 句expression B1 creative B1n. 表达 adj. 有创造力的本篇2 次 · 真题 22 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 20 句various B1 arise B2adj. 各种各样的 v. 出现;产生;发生本篇2 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 14 句reference B1 effect A2n. 提及 n. 影响本篇2 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 80 句individual B2 claim B1adj. 单独的 v. 声称本篇1 次 · 真题 59 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 49 句evidence B1 lack B1n. 证据 v. 缺少本篇1 次 · 真题 48 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 41 句material B1 fashion B1n. 材料 n. 时尚;流行款式本篇1 次 · 真题 41 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 36 句respond B1 attempt B1v. 回答,答复 v. 试图本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 32 句contact B1 exist A2n. 联系 v. 存在;实际上有本篇1 次 · 真题 28 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 28 句represent B1 construction B1v. 代表 n. 建造本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句assume B2 style A2v. 假定 n. 方式本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句display B1 presence B2v. 展示 n. 在场本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 19 句former B1 fully B1adj. 以前的,从前的 adv. 完全地本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句blame B1 justify B2v. 责备 v. 证明...有道理本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句phrase B1 urban B2n. 短语 adj. 城市的,都市的本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句fundamental B2 conscious B2adj. 基本的 adj. 意识到的本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句strike B1 unlikely B1v. 打击 adj. 不太可能的本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句oppose B2 psychological B2v. 反对 adj. 心理的本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句diversity B2 element B1n. 多样性 n. 要素本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句urgent B2 barely B1adj. 紧急的,急迫的 adv. 几乎不本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句frequent B1 crude B2adj. 频繁的 adj. 粗糙的本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句distinction B2 arrangement B1n. 区别 n. 安排本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句latter B2det. 后者的本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 177 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 177 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 18 个 ·约 10%。36% 55% 75% 90% 99% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 177 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖177 10 % 75 %考研英语一 2013年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 选句填空(7选5) 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Dear Professor Smith, I am Li Ming, a sophomore from the English Department. On behalf of the Student Union, I am writing to sincerely invite you to serve as a judge for our upcoming English Speech Contest. The contest will be held in Lecture Hall 3 on the afternoon of June 20th. Twelve finalists will each deliver a three-minute speech, and judges are expected to rate their fluency, content and delivery. Your comments would be truly valuable to us. We would be honored if you could join us. Please let me know whether you are available. Thank you very much. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, a group of fresh graduates are marching along a road that eventually leads to a crossroads. At this fork, the single path splits into four separate routes, each clearly labelled as job-hunting, postgraduate study, going abroad and starting a business. Simple as the picture is, it conveys a thought-provoking message about the diverse choices confronting young people upon graduation. The crossroads symbolizes a critical turning point in life, at which every graduate has to decide which direction to take. In fact, none of the four routes is absolutely right or wrong; what truly matters is not which road looks fashionable but whether the choice fits one's own interest, ability and long- term goal. Given this, I firmly hold that graduates should make their decisions rationally rather than blindly following others. On the one hand, we ought to assess our strengths and passions honestly before setting out. On the other hand, once a path is chosen, we should stick to it with determination and perseverance. Only in this way can we turn a seemingly puzzling crossroads into a promising starting point.
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