2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2018 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-C 2-A 4-D 5-B 6-D 7-B 8-C 9-D 10-B 11-A 12-B 14-B 13-A 14-C 15-D 16-A 17-C 18-B 19-A 20-C
解析：1 空 识别固定搭配 'condition for' → 确认其表示'...的条件' → 选择介词 for
2 空 定位空格前 'putting your' → 结合语境 'trust' 与 'in the wrong place' → 识别 'put faith in' 为'信任'的同义表达 → 选择 faith
3 空 定位空格前 'carries a high' → 结合语境 'putting your trust in the wrong place' 的负面后果 → 识别 'pay a high price' 为'付出高昂代价'的固定表达 → 选择 price
4 空 分析空格前后句的逻辑关系 → 前文讲信任的代价，后文讲信任带来的愉悦感 → 识别此处为顺承或递进关系，而非因果、转折或对比 → 选择 Then（然后，接着）
5 空 分析空格引导的从句与主句的逻辑关系 → 从句 'people place their trust...' 是主句 'their brains release oxytocin' 发生的时间条件 → 识别时间状语从句 → 选择 When
6 空 定位空格前主语 'a hormone that' → 分析从句谓语动词与宾语 'pleasurable feelings' 的语义搭配 → 选择表示'产生'的动词
7 空 定位空格前 'herding instinct that prompts humans to' → 分析'群居本能'驱动的人类行为 → 选择表示'联系/连接'的动词
8 空 定位空格前名词 'exposure' → 回忆固定搭配 'exposure to' → 选择正确介词
9 空 定位空格前 'puts us in a trusting' → 分析形容词 'trusting' 修饰的名词 → 结合前文 'feels good' 和激素作用，选择表示'情绪/状态'的名词
10 空 定位空格前 'their' 和后 'who inhaled something else' → 分析实验对照组关系 → 选择表示'对应的人/对照组'的名词
11 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（转折与结果） → 选择符合语境的形容词
12 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语（第六感）与宾语（我们）的逻辑关系 → 选择最符合语境的动词
13 空 定位空格所在句 → 识别固定搭配 'differentiate A from B' → 选择正确介词
14 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析实验流程（测试者展示容器） → 选择最符合实验场景的动词
15 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析测试者动作（看容器内部） → 选择最符合逻辑的副词
16 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（孩子发现容器是空的，意识到被测试者欺骗） → 选择表示“发现”事实的动词
17 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（测试者假装容器里有东西，实际是空的，孩子意识到被欺骗） → 选择表示“欺骗”的动词
18 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（未被欺骗的孩子信任测试者，因此愿意合作） → 选择表示“愿意”的形容词
19 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析前后句逻辑关系（前句：未被欺骗的大多数孩子愿意合作；后句：被欺骗的只有5个孩子参与后续活动） → 选择表示对比的逻辑衔接词
20 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（测试者用空容器欺骗孩子，因此是“不可靠的”测试者） → 选择描述测试者特质的形容词
考点：固定搭配 condition for语境选词 put faith in近义词辨析 faith/concern/attention/interest语境选词 pay a high price近义词辨析 benefit/debt/hope/price逻辑衔接词 then时间状语从句 when动词与宾语搭配语境选词动词与介词搭配固定搭配近义词辨析逻辑衔接词转折与信号词捕捉
译文：信任是一件棘手的事。一方面，它是许多有价值的事情（如育儿、友谊等）的必要条件。
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs? Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations – trucking, financial advice, software engineering – have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine. This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting. The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums – from grammar school to college – should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt. The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them. Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality. Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
- A.Leading politicians.
- B.Low-wage laborers.
- C.Robot owners.
- D.Middle-class workers.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'most threatened' → 在语篇中定位到 'middle class disproportionately squeezed' 及 'middle-class occupations... have aroused their interest' → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：谁最可能受到自动化的威胁？正确项：中产阶级工人。
- A.Worries about automation are in fact groundless.
- B.Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.
- C.Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.
- D.Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：通篇把握作者观点 → 作者承认自动化带来挑战（'middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting'），并提出教育、创业等应对建议 → 推断出作者认为自动化带来的问题需要被解决
考点：主旨概括观点态度推断
译文：题干：以下哪项最能代表作者的观点？正确项：自动化引发的问题需要被解决。
- A.creative potential.
- B.job-hunting skills.
- C.individual needs.
- D.cooperative spirit.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'Education' → 在语篇中定位到 'Curriculums... should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication' → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：自动化时代的教育应更注重____。正确项：创造潜力。
- A.encouraging the development of automation.
- B.increasing the return on capital investment.
- C.easing the hostility between rich and poor.
- D.preventing the income gap from widening.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'tax policies' → 语篇未直接提及，需结合上下文推断 → 前文讨论自动化导致中产阶级受挤压、富人拥有机器人，后文（被省略部分）应涉及税收政策 → 推断其目的是防止收入差距扩大
考点：上下文推断逻辑衔接
译文：题干：作者建议税收政策应旨在____。正确项：防止收入差距扩大。
- A.opposing views on it.
- B.possible solutions to it.
- C.its alarming impacts.
- D.its major variations.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：分析篇章整体结构 → 语篇首先提出自动化对中产阶级的威胁（问题），然后讨论乐观观点，接着重点阐述应对措施（教育改革、创业等）→ 作者呈现问题的方式是伴随着解决方案
考点：篇章结构分析写作目的判断
译文：题干：在本文中，作者以____的方式呈现了一个问题。正确项：可能的解决方案。
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president's social media platform. Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant. Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use "distributed trust" to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives – especially those that are open about any bias. "Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints," the survey concluded. Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement. Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is "reader error," more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in "misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news" via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. "This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem," says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group. So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.
- A.the justification of the news-filtering practice.
- B.people's preference for social media platforms.
- C.the administration's ability to handle information.
- D.social media as a reliable source of news.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位段落1-2中关于年轻人对媒体信任度的描述 → 提取关键信息“distrust has risen toward all media” → 同义替换为对社交媒体新闻可靠性的怀疑 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：根据第1和第2段，许多年轻美国人对______表示怀疑。正确项D：社交媒体作为新闻的可靠来源。
- A.sharpen.
- B.define.
- C.boast.
- D.share.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位短语所在句“distrust has risen... people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills” → 根据上下文“distrust”和“badly needed”推断“beef up”应为“增强、提高”之意 → 匹配选项A“sharpen” → 得出答案
考点：语境选词熟词僻义
译文：题干：短语“beef up”（第2段第2行）最接近的意思是______。正确项A：sharpen（增强，提高）。
- A.tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.
- B.verify news by referring to diverse sources.
- C.have a strong sense of responsibility.
- D.like to exchange views on "distributed trust".
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位Knight Foundation调查的具体描述 → 提取关键信息“cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives” → 同义替换为“通过参考不同来源核实新闻” → 得出答案
考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：根据Knight Foundation的调查，年轻人______。正确项B：通过参考不同来源核实新闻。
- A.readers' outdated values.
- B.journalists' biased reporting.
- C.readers' misinterpretation.
- D.journalists' made-up stories.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Barna调查的具体描述 → 提取关键信息“top reason... is 'reader error'”和“misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” → 同义替换为“读者的误解” → 得出答案
考点：细节定位与捕捉同义替换
译文：题干：Barna调查发现，假新闻问题的一个主要原因是______。正确项C：读者的误解。
- A.A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online.
- B.A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend.
- C.The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.
- D.The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通读全文，把握各段核心：年轻人对媒体不信任 → 提升媒体素养 → 通过多方核实等方式辨别真假新闻 → 社交媒体分享行为的影响 → 假新闻问题的根源在于读者 → 综合主旨为“在线分享新闻的批判性技能提升” → 得出答案
考点：主旨大意
译文：题干：以下哪项最适合作为本文的标题？正确项A：在线分享新闻批判性技能的提升。
Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy. DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements – and there may be many – between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it "controlled" the data and DeepMind merely "processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value. The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more. The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharma has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.
- A.It caused conflicts among tech giants.
- B.It failed to pay due attention to patients' rights.
- C.It fell short of the latter's expectations.
- D.It put both sides into a dangerous situation.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'agreement' → 在语篇中定位到 'a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights' → 同义替换为选项 B 'failed to pay due attention to patients' rights'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：关于NHS与DeepMind之间的协议，以下哪项是正确的？正确项：它未能充分关注病人的权利。
- A.empty promises.
- B.tough resistance.
- C.necessary adjustments.
- D.sincere apologies.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'NHS trust responded' → 在语篇中定位到 'The NHS trust has mended its ways' → 同义替换为选项 C 'necessary adjustments'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：NHS信托对Denham的裁决做出了____回应。正确项：必要的调整。
- A.privacy protection must be secured at all costs.
- B.leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.
- C.making profits from patients' data is illegal.
- D.the value of data comes from the processing of it.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干 'Paragraph 2' → 定位到第二段核心句 'it is processing and aggregation... that gives the data value' → 推理得出作者论点：数据的价值源于处理过程 → 同义替换为选项 D
考点：段落主旨推理判断
译文：题干：作者在第二段中论证____。正确项：数据的价值源于对它的处理。
- A.the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.
- B.the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.
- C.the uncontrolled use of new software.
- D.the monopoly of big data by tech giants.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干 'the real worry' → 在语篇末段定位到 'This practice does not address the real worry' 及后续解释 → 提取核心信息 'they will belong to a private monopoly' → 同义替换为选项 D
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据最后一段，这笔交易引发的真正担忧是____。正确项：科技巨头对大数据的垄断。
- A.ambiguous.
- B.cautious.
- C.appreciative.
- D.contemptuous.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：综合全文语气 → 作者承认AI医疗潜力巨大，但重点讨论其风险、隐私法局限及垄断问题 → 推断态度为谨慎 → 选择选项 B
考点：观点态度综合推断
译文：题干：作者对AI应用于医疗保健的态度是____。正确项：谨慎的。
The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many reasons this formerly stable federal institution finds itself at the brink of bankruptcy. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality. And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer – Congress – insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization. Now comes word that everyone involved – Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users – has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions. If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There's no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency's costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they're getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
- A.its unbalanced budget.
- B.its rigid management.
- C.the cost for technical upgrading.
- D.the withdrawal of bank support.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第二段首句 → 识别“regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility”为“rigid management”的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：USPS的财务问题部分是由______造成的。正确项：其僵化的管理。
- A.the interference from interest groups.
- B.the inadequate funding from Congress.
- C.the shrinking demand for postal service.
- D.the incompetence of postal unions.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位第二段末句 → 识别“interest groups...exert self-interested pressure”为“interference from interest groups”的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据第二段，USPS未能实现现代化是由于______。正确项：利益集团的干预。
- A.removing its burden of retiree health care.
- B.making more investment in new vehicles.
- C.adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.
- D.attracting more first-class mail users.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位“addressing a long-standing complaint” → 向前回溯找到“shifting postal retirees into Medicare” → 识别其为“removing its burden of retiree health care”的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：USPS及其工会长期以来的抱怨可以通过______来解决。正确项：移除其退休人员医疗保健负担。
- A.respect.
- B.tolerance.
- C.discontent.
- D.gratitude.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位末段“bare, bare minimum”、“not comprehensive reform”、“major omission”等负面评价性表述 → 推断作者对立法者的态度为“discontent” → 得出答案
考点：观点态度推断负面评价词捕捉
译文：题干：在最后一段，作者似乎对立法者持______态度。正确项：不满。
- A.The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days.
- B.The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese.
- C.The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure.
- D.The Postal Service Needs More Than a Band-Aid.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：通览全文 → 概括核心：USPS面临严重财务危机，当前改革方案仅为“bare minimum” → 识别D项“Needs More Than a Band-Aid”（需要的不止是创可贴）为最佳主旨概括 → 得出答案
考点：主旨大意概括隐喻理解
译文：题干：以下哪项最适合作为本文标题？正确项：邮政服务需要的不止是创可贴。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country. / The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building. / In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871. / Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four- story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary. / Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
到他(莎士比亚)出生的时候,欧洲正见证着宗教剧的消逝,以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的推动下新戏剧形式的诞生。(47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form ofliterature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
凡是上过文法学校的男孩,没有谁会不知道:戏剧是一种文学形式,它曾为希腊和罗马带来荣耀,或许将来还会为英国增光。(48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university menwith literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
但是,职业剧团在自己的常设剧场里日渐兴盛,怀有文学抱负的大学才子们也纷纷转向这些剧场,因为剧场为他们提供了一种谋生的手段。(49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established,and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
一种本土的文学戏剧已经诞生,它与公共剧场的结合也已建立,而且它至少有一些伟大的传统已经开创。(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of playshave been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
要想认识到当时的戏剧活动多么繁荣,我们还必须记住:大量剧本已经失传,而且很可能没有哪一位知名作家的全部作品能够完整地流传至今。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲5 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed byamateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of aclass of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether itshould be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.第1段,第3句综合来看,本句结构典型、成分丰富、时态多样,涵盖被动语态、进行时态、情态动词等多个学习要点,且主干识别和嵌套理解有一定挑战但不至于过难,作为句子结构和时态训练材料具有较高性价比,值得优先练习Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals insupplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and no boy who wentto a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literaturewhich gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.第1段,第4句综合来看,该句难度适中,虽然时态不复杂,但嵌套层级清晰、并列结构丰富、逻辑连贯,极具句法结构分析的教学和训练价值。Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for thechoir boys of St. Paul's and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public aswell as at court.第2段,第3句被动语态 + 介词短语作状语,以及非限制性定语从句修饰前文名词,是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式。这种结构在学术文本和历史叙述中频繁出现,学习者掌握后可以应用到大量类似句子的理解中,具有较强的迁移价值。By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had madecomedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy thatcrowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on thecommon stage – where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.第2段,第5句此类“时间状语 + A做了某事; B做了某事; 且C做了某事”的排比并列结构在考研英语和文学类真题中非常典型,具有极高的复用价值。To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further thathosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whoseentire work has survived.第3段,第3句句首不定式表目的、主句带并列宾语从句、定语从句修饰宾语从句内部成分,这些都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式;存在句和倒装从句虽稍复杂,但仍属典型学术写作结构,掌握后可广泛迁移HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 46 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。literary B2 drama B1adj. 文学的 n. 戏剧本篇6 次 · 真题 15 句 本篇6 次 · 真题 8 句court A2 growth B1n. 法院 n. 增长本篇3 次 · 真题 82 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 80 句professional B1 amateur B2adj. 专业的 n. 业余爱好者本篇2 次 · 真题 46 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 18 句literature B2 classical B2n. 文学 adj. 古典的本篇2 次 · 真题 14 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 13 句stage A2 dramatic B2n. 阶段 adj. 巨大的本篇2 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 10 句author A2 least A2n. 作者 det. 最少的本篇1 次 · 真题 209 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 63 句career B1 desire B2n. 职业 n. 愿望本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 37 句aim B1 further B1v. 瞄准 adv. 更远地本篇1 次 · 真题 35 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 34 句organization B1 establish B2n. 组织 v. 建立,创立(组织、机构、关系等)本篇1 次 · 真题 28 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 27 句mainly B1 means A2adv. 主要地 n. 方法本篇1 次 · 真题 26 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句threaten B1 ambition B2v. 威胁;恐吓 n. 雄心本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句achievement B1 tradition B1n. 成就 n. 传统本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句perform B1 survive B1v. 执行 v. 幸存本篇1 次 · 真题 19 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 19 句creation B2 royal B1n. 创造 adj. 王室的本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句incentive B2 native B1n. 激励 adj. 本国的本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句realize B1 poetry B1v. 意识到,认识到 n. 诗歌本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句religious B1 scholar B2adj. 宗教的 n. 学者本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句entire B1 trace B2adj. 整个的 v. 追踪;查找本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句widespread B2 rival B2adj. 广泛的 n. 竞争对手本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句beginning A1 witness B2n. 开始 n. 目击者本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句host B1 permanent B2n. 主人 adj. 永久的本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句brief B1 distinction B2adj. 简短的;短暂的 n. 区别本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句mere B2 triumph B2adj. 仅仅的 n. 巨大成功本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 161 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 161 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 9 个 ·约 6%。41% 60% 78% 94% 100% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 161 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖161 6% 78 %考研英语一 2018年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 段落排序 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Dear experts, On behalf of our university, I am writing to cordially invite you, our respected international experts, to attend the graduation ceremony of this year's graduates. The ceremony will be held at 9:00 a.m. on June 28th in the main auditorium of our campus. It will feature the conferring of degrees and speeches from professors and student representatives. Formal dress is recommended, and please arrive fifteen minutes early to be seated. We would be truly honored to have you share this memorable occasion with us. Your presence would mean a great deal to our graduates. Thank you for your continued support. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
As is vividly depicted in the drawing, a student sits before a computer whose screen displays a course-selection system. Pointing his finger at the screen, he is caught between two voices: the left bubble praises courses that are innovative, cutting-edge yet demanding, while the right one favours those offering high marks, easy passes and little homework. Simple as it seems, the picture conveys a thought-provoking message about how many college students make choices today. Rather than asking what a course can truly teach them, they weigh only how effortlessly they can earn a good grade. This utilitarian mindset, if left unchecked, gradually turns learning from a pursuit of knowledge into a hunt for the easiest reward, hollowing out the very purpose of higher education. In my view, we should firmly resist such short-sighted temptation. A challenging course may cost more time and effort, but it is precisely difficulty that sharpens our thinking and prepares us for real problems ahead. Therefore, both students and universities ought to value genuine growth over comfortable grades, so that education can once again nourish minds rather than merely decorate transcripts.
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