2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2019 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-C 2-C 3-B 4-D 5-A 6-B 7-D 8-C 9-A 10-D 11-A 12-B 13-D 14-C 15-B 16-D 17-A 18-A 19-B 20-C
解析：1 空 根据上下文语境，判断空格处需要表示否定含义的限定词，以与后文形成逻辑对比。
2 空 根据固定搭配和动词辨析，选择能与空格后介词构成正确搭配的动词。
3 空 分析从句与主句的逻辑关系，选择表示条件关系的连词。
4 空 识别单词的熟词僻义，并结合语境选择最贴切的副词。
5 空 根据上下文语境和动词短语辨析，选择表示“回来”的副词。
6 空 根据固定搭配，选择能与动词构成正确短语的介词。
7 空 根据上下文语境，选择描述“不熟悉”的形容词。
8 空 辨析近义词，结合语境选择表示“方式、方法”的名词。
9 空 分析句子间的逻辑关系，选择表示因果或顺承关系的连接词。
10 空 根据上下文语境，选择表示“最终”含义的副词。
11 空 根据上下文语境和情感色彩辨析，选择表示“惊讶”的形容词。
12 空 根据上下文语境和名词辨析，选择表示“选择”的名词。
13 空 根据上下文逻辑关系，此处需要举例说明前文观点，因此选择表示举例的连接词。
14 空 根据语境，此处需要表达“发现、注意到”的意思，因此选择spot。
15 空 根据固定搭配，此处需要表达“通过、借助”的意思，因此选择through。
16 空 根据语境，此处需要表达“休息、中断”的意思，因此选择breaks（熟词僻义）。
17 空 根据语境，此处需要表达“人工的、人造的”意思，因此选择artificial。
18 空 根据上下文逻辑关系，此处需要表示总结或最后一点，因此选择Finally。
19 空 根据语境，此处需要表达“标记、痕迹”的意思，因此选择marks。
20 空 根据语境，此处需要表达“导致、引起”的意思，因此选择lead。
考点：语境选词动词搭配 take on近义词辨析状语从句熟词僻义固定搭配（通用）逻辑衔接词固定搭配介词搭配
译文：题干：______ 人知道这件事。正确项：Few（很少）。
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this "clawback" rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. "Short-termism" or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England's top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like "children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once" rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm's efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed "quarterly capitalism." In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. "There seems to be a predominance of short- term thinking at the expense of long-term investing," said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce "short-termism." In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that "a substantial part" of executive pay is now tied to performance. Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism," such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company. Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.
- A.enhance bankers' sense of responsibility.
- B.help corporations achieve larger profits.
- C.build a new system of financial regulation.
- D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：根据题干定位到第一段，寻找关于“imposing the new rule”的“motive”的描述，与选项进行匹配。
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：根据第一段，实施新规则的一个动机是____。正确项A：增强银行家的责任感。
- A.the conditions for generating quick profits.
- B.governments' impatience in decision-making.
- C.the solid structure of publicly traded companies.
- D."short-termism" in economic activities.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位到引用Alfred Marshall的段落，理解其观点（关于短期主义），并推断作者引用他的目的。
考点：推理判断细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：引用Alfred Marshall是为了说明____。正确项D：经济活动中的“短期主义”。
- A.indirect.
- B.adverse.
- C.minimal.
- D.temporary.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位到讨论“transient investment”对“public companies”影响的段落，根据上下文推断其影响的性质。
考点：推理判断细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：据认为，短期投资对上市公司的影响可能是____。正确项B：不利的。
- A.the obstacles to preventing "short-termism".
- B.the significance of long-term thinking.
- C.the approaches to promoting "long-termism".
- D.the prevalence of short-term thinking.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位到提及美国和法国例子的段落，理解这些例子在论证中的作用，即说明采取了哪些措施来对抗短期主义。
考点：细节定位与捕捉推理判断
译文：题干：美国和法国的例子被用来说明____。正确项C：促进“长期主义”的方法。
- A.Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
- B.Patience as a Corporate Virtue
- C.Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
- D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：通读全文，把握文章核心论点（反对短期主义，倡导长期耐心），选择最能概括主旨的标题。
考点：主旨大意
译文：题干：以下哪项最适合作为本文的标题？正确项B：耐心作为企业美德。
Grade inflation – the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades – is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force – a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called "grade forgiveness" – is helping raise GPAs. Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA. The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven. College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. "Ultimately," said Jack Miner, Ohio State University's registrar, "we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate on time." That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges' own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention – so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students – who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill – feel they've gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges. Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers' expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible – or at least appear to be. On this, students' and colleges' incentives seem to be aligned.
- A.The change of course catalogs.
- B.Students' indifference to GPAs.
- C.Colleges' neglect of GPAs.
- D.The influence of consumer culture.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：根据题干关键词 'cause of grade inflation' 定位原文，寻找直接或间接说明原因的句子。
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：什么通常被认为是分数膨胀的原因？正确项：消费文化的影响。
- A.To help freshmen adapt to college learning.
- B.To maintain colleges' graduation rates.
- C.To prepare graduates for a challenging future.
- D.To increase universities' income from tuition.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：根据题干关键词 'original purpose of grade forgiveness' 定位原文，寻找其最初目的或意图的描述。
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：分数宽恕的最初目的是什么？正确项：帮助新生适应大学学习。
- A.obtain more financial support.
- B.boost their student enrollments.
- C.improve their teaching quality.
- D.meet local governments' needs.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：根据题干 'According to Paragraph 5' 和 'grade forgiveness enables colleges to' 定位第五段，寻找该政策给大学带来的具体好处。
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：根据第五段，分数宽恕使大学能够____。正确项：获得更多财政支持。
- A.To counterbalance each other.
- B.To complement each other.
- C.To be identical with each other.
- D.To be contradictory to each other.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：根据题干定位到第六段第五行，结合上下文语境推断 'to be aligned' 在此处的具体含义。
考点：词义猜测
译文：题干：短语 'to be aligned' (第六段第五行) 最可能的意思是？正确项：彼此一致。
- A.assessing its feasibility.
- B.analyzing the causes behind it.
- C.comparing different views on it.
- D.listing its long-run effects.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：通览全文，分析作者在讨论 'grade forgiveness' 这一实践时所采用的主要论证方法或角度。
考点：篇章结构与写作目的
译文：题干：作者通过____来审视分数宽恕的做法。正确项：分析其背后的原因。
This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus," by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come. Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: "What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?" What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as "Westworld" and "Humans." Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. "We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there." But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren't at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI "vision" today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem. Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, "you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions," notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring. On June 7 Google pledged not to "design or deploy AI" that would cause "overall harm," or to develop AI- directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights. While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair. To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein's out-of-control monster.
- A.fascinates AI scientists all over the world.
- B.has remained popular for as long as 200 years.
- C.involves some concerns raised by AI today.
- D.has sparked serious ethical controversies.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：根据题干关键词定位原文提及Frankenstein的段落，理解作者引用该小说的目的，即类比AI带来的伦理担忧。
考点：细节定位目的推断
译文：题干：玛丽·雪莱的小说《弗兰肯斯坦》被提及是因为它____。正确项C：涉及了当今人工智能引发的一些担忧。
- A.helps explain artificial intelligence.
- B.can be misleading to robot making.
- C.inspires popular sci-fi TV series.
- D.is too limited for us to reproduce it.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位David Eagleman的观点，理解其对当前意识知识的评价，即知识有限，不足以复制意识。
考点：观点态度细节理解
译文：题干：在大卫·伊格曼看来，我们目前对意识的了解____。正确项D：太有限，以至于我们无法复制它。
- A.can hardly ever be found.
- B.is still beyond our capacity.
- C.causes little public concern.
- D.has aroused much curiosity.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位关于自动驾驶汽车伦理问题解决方案的描述，理解作者认为该问题复杂，解决方案超出当前能力。
考点：细节定位语义推断
译文：题干：自动驾驶汽车带来的伦理问题的解决方案____。正确项B：仍然超出了我们的能力范围。
- A.affirmation.
- B.skepticism.
- C.contempt.
- D.respect.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位作者对Google承诺的评价，通过上下文语气和用词判断作者持肯定态度。
考点：观点态度判断
译文：题干：作者对谷歌承诺的态度是____。正确项A：肯定。
- A.AI's Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants
- B.Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AI
- C.The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable
- D.AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：通读全文，把握文章核心议题是AI的良知问题，其复杂性与必然性，从而选择最能概括主旨的标题。
考点：主旨大意篇章结构
译文：题干：以下哪项最适合作为本文的标题？正确项C：人工智能的良知：复杂但不可避免。
States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states. The Supreme Court's opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases. The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer's purchase to a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn't have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren't charged it, but most didn't realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. "Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States," he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule "limited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field." The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to. Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven't been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, "Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision."
- A.better businesses' relations with states.
- B.put most online businesses in a dilemma.
- C.make more online shoppers pay sales tax.
- D.force some states to cut sales tax.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：根据题干定位到文章首段，理解最高法院裁决的核心影响是让更多在线购物者缴纳销售税。
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：周四的最高法院裁决将____。正确项C：让更多在线购物者缴纳销售税。
- A.have led to the dominance of e-commerce.
- B.have cost consumers a lot over the years.
- C.were widely criticized by online purchasers.
- D.were considered unfavorable by states.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位到第2、3段，理解被推翻的裁决（即‘物理存在规则’）对各州不利，导致州政府税收损失。
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：从第2、3段可以得知，被推翻的裁决____。正确项D：被各州认为是不利的。
- A.hindered economic development.
- B.brought prosperity to the country.
- C.harmed fair market competition.
- D.boosted growth in states' revenue.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位到肯尼迪大法官的观点，理解‘物理存在规则’损害了公平的市场竞争。
考点：细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：根据安东尼·肯尼迪大法官的说法，‘物理存在规则’已经____。正确项C：损害了公平的市场竞争。
- A.Internet entrepreneurs.
- B.Big-chain owners.
- C.Third-party sellers.
- D.Small retailers.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位语段（第7段）→ 同义替换（'victory for big chains' → 'welcome the ruling'）→ 推理要点（大型连锁店因已在全国收税，裁决使其竞争对手也需收税，从而获得公平竞争环境）→ 得出答案B。
考点：推理判断
译文：题干：谁最有可能欢迎最高法院的裁决？正确项B：大型连锁店所有者。
- A.gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences.
- B.describes the long and complicated process of its making.
- C.presents its main points with conflicting views on them.
- D.cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文，作者首先陈述了最高法院裁决的事实（第一段），然后讨论了其背景、原因和可能带来的后果（后续段落）。
考点：篇章结构与写作目的
译文：题干：在处理周四的最高法院裁决时，作者____。正确项A：给出了事实性描述并讨论了其后果。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: "There is only one way...to get the best of an argument – and that is to avoid it." This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives – and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. / Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions – like, say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion. / There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, "Yes," and I yell, "No," neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other's positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers. / Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side. / These tools can help you win every argument – not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. Learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments – from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding – then we change the very nature of what it means to "win" an argument.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
医学期刊里充斥着大量这类无稽之谈,这些无稽之谈一旦被广播媒体和非专业的大众报刊拿去传播,就会既制造健康恐慌,又掀起一阵阵昙花一现的饮食热潮。(47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number ofpapers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.
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如今,任何申请研究职位的人,其发表的论文数量都必须达到仅仅 10 年前申请同一职位所要求篇数的两倍。(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate somemeasure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's papers.
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人们已经做出种种努力来遏制这种倾向,例如,设法把对质量(而不只是数量)的某种衡量标准,纳入对申请者论文的评估当中。(49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange tocite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return forsimilar favours.
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如果不是因为存在这样一个事实,这种做法本来是合理的:科学家可以轻而易举地安排在自己日后的论文里引用自己,或者让同行替他们这样做,作为回报再给对方类似的好处。(50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, wemust ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.
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如果我们真心想确保自己的科学既有意义又能被重复验证,我们就必须确保我们的(科研)制度鼓励的正是这种科学。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲10 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just howbad much of the medical literature frequently was.第1段,第1句强调句 "It was ... that" 结构和宾语从句都是四六级、考研阅读中的高频句式,且本句强调的是时间状语这一常见用法。宾语从句由疑问副词引导也是常考形式。掌握本句的分析方法可以直接迁移到大量真题句子,代表性很强。I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports toshow that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 timesmore likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.第1段,第2句本句在主干识别、嵌套层级、成分划分训练价值和结构典型性上都得分较高,唯有时态难度较低;综合来看,它是一个结构复杂、嵌套深、成分丰富且贴近真题句式的优质练习句,非常适合作为定语从句嵌套、比较结构成分划分和多层从句归属判断的训练材料,整体推荐优先级高。There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, whentaken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares andshort-lived dietary enthusiasms.第1段,第3句本句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中非常典型:主句 + 定语从句修饰核心名词,定语从句内部插入状语从句。这种多层嵌套、插入语分隔主谓的句式在学术类文章和新闻报道中频繁出现,掌握后可大量复用于理解同类复杂句。A recent paper, titled "The Natural Selection of Bad Science", published on theRoyal Society's open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing andimportant question.第2段,第2句"主语 + 过去分词后置定语 + 谓语 + 不定式宾语" 是考研阅读中极常见的句式,尤其是学术文献引用场景,掌握后可直接迁移到大量真题长难句It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that ourcurrent system of career advancement positively encourages it.第2段,第3句本句的结构(主句 + 宾语从句 + 并列表语从句)是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,"notmerely...but..." 的并列否定转折也是典型的学术表达方式,掌握后可大量复用于类似长难句的分析What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an endin itself.第2段,第4句本句结构高度典型:主语从句作主语、"not ... but ..." 否定转折结构、非限制性定语从句修饰名词,这三种结构都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。主语从句 + 系表结构是学术和正式文体的常见模式,"not ... but ..." 用于对比强调也是考试中的常考点,非限制性定语从句则是长难句的标配。掌握本句的分析方法后,学生可以直接迁移到大量类似句型,实用性很强。There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: nowadays anyone applyingfor a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that wouldhave been required for the same post only 10 years ago.第2段,第5句冒号连接两个主句进行解释说明、定语从句修饰宾语中的名词、情态动词加完成式不定式表达必要性,这些都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,倍数表达和虚拟对比也是常考语言现象,典型性很强This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper hasbeen quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that animportant paper will be cited more often than one of small account.第3段,第2句本句主干识别相对容易,但嵌套层次丰富、涉及多种时态语态和省略现象,成分种类全面且含多个典型考点(定语从句省略、独立主格、比较结构省略),结构在真题中高频出现。综合来看,本句既有一定挑战性又不至于过难,成分和结构都有较高的训练和迁移价值,适合作为中上等难度的练习句优先掌握。This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easilyarrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do sofor them in return for similar favours.第3段,第3句成分种类丰富:主句含主系表结构,条件从句含形式主语、介词短语状语、嵌套的同位语从句,同位语从句内含情态动词谓语、并列动词结构、不定式宾语、复合宾语。特别是"get associates todo so"的复合宾语结构、不定式作宾语、同位语从句识别等都是高频易错点,训练价值高。If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful andreproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.第4段,第3句条件从句搭配情态动词主句是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式;宾语从句的多重嵌套也是学术文本常见结构;"be serious about doing" 搭配以及 "ensure that" 用法都是典型表达;掌握本句结构可迁移至大量类似真题句型HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 49 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。journal B1 publish B1n. 杂志 v. 出版,发行(书籍、杂志等)本篇3 次 · 真题 57 句 本篇3 次 · 真题 52 句publication B2 would A1n. 出版物 aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会本篇3 次 · 真题 27 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 304 句likely A2 scientific B1adj. 很可能的 adj. 科学的本篇2 次 · 真题 89 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 83 句quality A2 ensure B2n. 质量 v. 确保本篇2 次 · 真题 45 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 33 句attempt B1 cite B2v. 试图 v. 引用,引证本篇2 次 · 真题 32 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 24 句literature B2 less A1n. 文学 det. 较少的本篇2 次 · 真题 14 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 150 句researcher B2 system A2n. 研究人员 n. 系统本篇1 次 · 真题 112 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 107 句process B1 measure B1n. 过程 v. 测量本篇1 次 · 真题 80 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 65 句individual B2 impact B2adj. 单独的 n. 影响本篇1 次 · 真题 59 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 53 句account A2 career B1n. 账户 n. 职业本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句sign A1 current B1n. 标志 adj. 现在的本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 41 句institution B2 apply A2n. 机构 v. 申请本篇1 次 · 真题 39 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句associate B2 easily A2v. 联系 adv. 容易地本篇1 次 · 真题 26 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句citation C1 generate B2n. 引用;引文 v. 产生,引起(结果、反应等)本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句suffer B1 various B1v. 遭受(痛苦、疾病、损失等) adj. 各种各样的本篇1 次 · 真题 22 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句assess B2 frequently B1v. 评估 adv. 频繁地本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句press A2 royal B1v. 按,压 adj. 王室的本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句selection B1 elsewhere B1n. 挑选 adv. 在别处本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句curb B2 quote B1v. 抑制 v. 引用本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句assumption B2 beginning A1n. 假定;假设(未经证实就认为是真的事) n. 开始本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句merely B2 reasonable B1adv. 仅仅,只不过 adj. 合理的本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句meaningful B2 tendency B2adj. 有意义的 n. 倾向本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句unfortunately B1 assessment B2adv. 不幸地 n. 评估本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句considerable B2 nowadays B1adj. 相当大的 adv. 现在本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句positively B2adv. 积极地本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 175 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 175 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 12 个 ·约 7%。43% 61% 81% 93% 100% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 175 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖175 7% 81 %考研英语一 2019年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 段落排序 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
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Dear Peter, I am Li Ming, a coordinator of the “Aiding Rural Primary School” project. Thank you for your interest in joining us as a volunteer. Here are the details you asked about. This summer, from July 15th to August 15th, our team will travel to a village school in Yunnan Province. Volunteers are expected to teach English, art and basic computer skills to local children. Accommodation and meals will be provided free of charge. If you wish to sign up, please send your resume to aiding@163.com before June 30th. Looking forward to working with you. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
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As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, two hikers are resting on a mountain path. One, still carrying his backpack and leaning on a walking stick, kindly hands a bottle of water to his companion, saying "Don't give up. Take a rest and then keep climbing." The exhausted man, however, sits on the ground with his hands on his chin, complaining "I'm tired; I won't climb any more." Simple as it is, the cartoon conveys a profound message about perseverance. The mountain symbolizes the goals we pursue in life, while the tired man represents those who readily give up when confronted with difficulties. What the drawing truly advocates is that we should not abandon our journey halfway; instead, a short rest, together with encouragement from others, can help us recover and press on toward the summit. In my view, persistence is the key that distinguishes achievers from quitters. History offers countless examples: Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb, yet he never stopped. Therefore, whenever we feel like giving up, we should catch our breath, gather our courage and continue climbing, for success always belongs to those who refuse to quit.
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