2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）真题及答案解析

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2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）真题 · 完整收录

年份考次
2020 年
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
题量
25 题
满分
105 分
限时
180 分钟
题型结构
完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 5 题 10 分 · 英译汉 1 题 15 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
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第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分

从每空所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。

Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very [1] , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, [2] , a younger sibling. [3] , there's another sort of parent that's a bit easier to [4] : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, [5] every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy [6] . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a [7] and composed style with their kids. I understand this. You're only human, and sometimes your kids can [8] you just a little too far. And then the [9] happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too [10] and does nobody any good. You wish that you could [11] the clock and start over. We've all been there. [12] , even though it's common, it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may [13] for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also [14] your child's self-esteem. If you consistently lose your [15] with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the [16] of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when [17] by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills. Certainly, it's incredibly [18] to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with [19] situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and [20] from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
1. A.tediousB.pleasantC.instructiveD.tricky
2. A.in additionB.for exampleC.at onceD.by accident
3. A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually
4. A.amuseB.assistC.describeD.train
5. A.whileB.becauseC.unlessD.once
6. A.answerB.taskC.choiceD.access
7. A.tolerantB.formalC.rigidD.critical
8. A.moveB.dragC.pushD.send
9. A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.suspiciousD.inevitable
10. A.boringB.naiveC.harshD.vague
11. A.turn backB.take apartC.set asideD.cover up
12. A.OverallB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Otherwise
13. A.likeB.missC.believeD.regret
14. A.raiseB.affectC.justifyD.reflect
15. A.timeB.bondC.raceD.cool
16. A.natureB.secretC.importanceD.context
17. A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confusedD.confronted
18. A.terribleB.hardC.strangeD.wrong
19. A.tryingB.changingC.excitingD.surprising
20. A.hideB.emergeC.withdrawD.escape
参考答案与解析

答案：1-D　2-B　3-A　4-C　5-A　6-B　7-A　8-C　9-D　10-C　11-A　12-C　13-D　14-B　15-D　16-C　17-D　18-B　19-A　20-B

解析：1 空 定位空格后解释句（particularly since children respond differently...）→ 推断定义好父母的特性 → 得出答案
2 空 定位空格前后句（A calm...might respond better...than...a younger sibling）→ 识别举例关系 → 得出答案
3 空 定位空格后句（there's another sort of parent that's a bit easier to...）→ 识别转折/对比关系 → 得出答案
4 空 定位空格后解释句（Children of every age benefit from patient parenting）→ 推断“有耐心的父母”这一类型的特征 → 得出答案
5 空 定位空格前后句（every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy...）→ 识别让步/对比关系 → 得出答案
6 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（保持耐心是件不容易的____） → 结合上下文（父母会疲惫、沮丧） → 选择最符合语境的抽象名词
7 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（无法保持____和镇定的风格） → 结合前文（耐心）和后文（情绪失控） → 选择与“composed”并列且语义一致的形容词
8 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（孩子会把你____得太远） → 识别固定搭配“push sb. too far” → 选择最符合搭配和语境的动词
9 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（然后____发生了：你失去了耐心） → 结合前文（被孩子逼得太远）和后文（失去耐心） → 选择表示“不可避免的结果”的名词
10 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句意（说了一些有点____、对谁都没好处的话） → 结合前文（失去耐心、尖叫） → 选择与负面情绪和言语伤害相关的形容词
11 空 定位空格前后的语义逻辑 → 识别‘wish’表达的虚拟愿望 → 匹配‘turn back the clock’固定搭配 → 得出答案
12 空 定位空格前后句的逻辑关系 → 前句描述普遍现象（失去耐心），后句强调其危害性 → 识别转折关系 → 得出答案
13 空 定位空格所在句的语义 → 前文描述‘说了一些话’，后文强调‘损害关系’ → 识别情感色彩为负面 → 匹配‘regret’的语义 → 得出答案
14 空 定位空格所在句的语义 → 前文描述‘损害关系’，后文描述‘自尊心’ → 识别并列关系与负面影响 → 匹配‘affect’的语义 → 得出答案
15 空 定位空格所在句的语义 → 前文描述‘失去耐心’，后文描述‘缺乏情绪控制’ → 识别‘lose one’s cool’固定搭配 → 得出答案
16 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（We are all becoming increasingly aware of the ___ of modeling...） → 识别“of”结构表属性，且后文“This is a skill that will help them all throughout life”强调其价值 → 选择表示“重要性”的名词
17 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析固定搭配（when ___ by stress） → 识别“be confronted by”为“面临、遭遇”的固定搭配 → 结合语境“情绪调节能力” → 选择表示“面临”的动词过去分词
18 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（this is no easy ___） → 识别“no easy”后接名词，且前文“Still, every parent would like to be patient”与后文“Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated”形成转折 → 选择表示“任务、事情”的名词
19 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（this is no easy ___） → 识别“no easy”后接名词，且前文“Still, every parent would like to be patient”与后文“Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated”形成转折 → 选择表示“任务、事情”的名词
20 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（the ___ happens） → 识别“the”后接名词，且前文“you lose your patience”描述失控场景 → 选择表示“发生（尤指不愉快事件）”的名词

考点：语境选词逻辑推理逻辑衔接词举例关系转折对比状语从句让步关系近义词辨析动词搭配固定搭配 turn back the clock状语从句逻辑固定搭配

译文：题干：定义好父母的含义无疑是非常______的，尤其是因为孩子对同样的养育方式反应不同。正确项：tricky（棘手的，复杂的）

第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分

Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for four days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colourful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side. Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being, says Quinn. The rats may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, she says. "Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them," says Quinn. The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. "We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary," says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. "We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too," says Wiles.

21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can ____.
  1. A.pick up social signals from non-living rats
  2. B.distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
  3. C.attain sociable traits through special training
  4. D.send out warning messages to their fellows
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位实验目的句 → 提取核心动词短语 → 同义替换

考点：实验目的定位同义替换

译文：题干：Quinn和她的同事进行了一项测试，以观察老鼠是否能____。正确项A：从非生物老鼠那里获取社交信号。

22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?
  1. A.It followed the social robot.
  2. B.It played with some toys.
  3. C.It set the trapped rats free.
  4. D.It moved around alone.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位描述asocial robot行为的句子 → 提取关键动作 → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位动作提取

译文：题干：在实验中，非社交机器人做了什么？正确项D：它独自四处移动。

23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they____.
  1. A.tried to practice a means of escape.
  2. B.expected it to do the same in return.
  3. C.wanted to display their intelligence.
  4. D.considered that an interesting game.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位Quinn的解释句 → 提取因果逻辑（互惠帮助） → 推断动机

考点：观点定位因果推理

译文：题干：根据Quinn的说法，老鼠释放社交机器人是因为它们____。正确项B：期望它能以同样的方式回报。

24. Janet Wiles notes that rats____.
  1. A.can remember other rats' facial features.
  2. B.differentiate smells better than sizes.
  3. C.respond more to actions than to looks.
  4. D.can be scared by a plastic box on wheels.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位Janet Wiles的评论句 → 提取其惊讶点（无需逼真外观） → 推断结论

考点：观点定位隐含结论推断

译文：题干：Janet Wiles指出老鼠____。正确项C：对行为的反应多于对外表的反应。

25. It can be learned from the text that rats____.
  1. A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
  2. B.are more socially active than other animals
  3. C.behave differently from children in socializing
  4. D.are more sensitive to social cues than expected
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：综合全文实验发现与结论句 → 提炼核心观点（对社交信号敏感度超预期） → 匹配选项

考点：主旨概括结论推断

译文：题干：从文中可以得知老鼠____。正确项D：对社交信号的敏感度超出预期。

It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year. The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy. Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to "run the company." CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling. Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. Beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done. The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs. Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.

26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
  1. A.The growth in the number of corporations.
  2. B.The general pay rise with a better economy.
  3. C.Increased business opportunities for top firms.
  4. D.Close cooperation among leading economies.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'CEO pay rise' → 在语篇中定位到 'The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.' → 提取核心原因 'business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly' → 同义替换为 'Increased business opportunities for top firms'。

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：以下哪项导致了CEO薪酬上涨？正确项C：顶级公司的商业机会增加。

27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to____.
  1. A.foster a stronger sense of teamwork
  2. B.finance more research and development
  3. C.establish closer ties with tech companies
  4. D.operate more globalized companies
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'compared with their predecessors' → 在语篇中定位到 'Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before... To lead in that system requires knowledge...' → 提取核心要求 'lead in that system'（即管理更全球化的公司） → 同义替换为 'operate more globalized companies'。

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：与前辈相比，当今的CEO被要求____。正确项D：运营更加全球化的公司。

28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.
  1. A.continual internal opposition
  2. B.strict corporate governance
  3. C.conservative business strategies
  4. D.repeated government warnings
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'since the 1970s' 和 'despite' → 在语篇中定位到 'Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.' → 提取转折关系：薪酬上涨发生在'更强的公司治理'时期 → 同义替换为 'strict corporate governance'。

考点：细节定位转折关系理解同义替换

译文：题干：自20世纪70年代以来，CEO薪酬一直在上涨，尽管____。正确项B：严格的公司治理。

29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ____.
  1. A.confirm the status of CEOs
  2. B.motive inside candidates
  3. C.boost the efficiency of CEOs
  4. D.increase corporate value
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'justified' → 在语篇中定位到 'That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.' → 推理：高薪是为了吸引顶尖人才来应对日益艰巨的工作，这符合'更广泛的公司利益' → 同义替换为 'increase corporate value'。

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：高CEO薪酬可以通过以下事实来证明其合理性：它有助于____。正确项D：提升公司价值。

30. The most suitable title for this text would be ____.
  1. A.CEOs Are Not Overpaid
  2. B.CEO Pay: Past and Present
  3. C.CEOs' Challenges of Today
  4. D.CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：通读全文，把握主旨 → 语篇开篇承认CEO薪酬上涨的事实，随后用大量篇幅解释其合理性（人才稀缺、技能要求提高、公司治理加强、符合公司利益等），并反驳'剥削'观点 → 核心论点是CEO的高薪有其合理依据，并非过高 → 概括为 'CEOs Are Not Overpaid'。

考点：主旨概括论证结构分析

译文：题干：本文最合适的标题是____。正确项A：CEO并未被高估。

Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise. Mayor José Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best. Madrid's back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included. Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected. It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits. But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments—Britain's and others across Europe—have failed to do so. Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, "school streets", even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.

31. Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?
  1. A.Its effects are questionable.
  2. B.It has been opposed by a judge.
  3. C.It needs tougher enforcement.
  4. D.Its fate is yet to be decided.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首段末句 → 同义替换 'future looks uncertain at best' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：关于马德里的清洁空气区，以下哪项是正确的？正确项：它的命运尚未决定。

32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?
  1. A.They are biased against car manufacturers.
  2. B.They prove impractical for city councils.
  3. C.They are deemed too mild for politicians.
  4. D.They put too much burden on individual motorists.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位第二段 'Among other weaknesses...' → 同义替换 'put the costs... on to individual drivers' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：作者认为城市层面治理空气污染的措施存在什么弱点？正确项：它们给个体驾车者带来了过多负担。

33. The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will ____.
  1. A.arouse strong resistance
  2. B.ensure Khan's electoral success
  3. C.improve the city's traffic
  4. D.discourage car manufacturing
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位第三段 'it is sure to spark intense opposition...' → 推理 'spark intense opposition' 等同于 'arouse strong resistance' → 得出答案

考点：推理判断同义替换

译文：题干：作者认为伦敦超低排放区的扩展将____。正确项：引起强烈抵制。

34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?
  1. A.Local residents.
  2. B.Mayors.
  3. C.Councilors.
  4. D.National governments.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位第四段 'They are acting because national governments... have failed to do so.' → 同义替换 'failed to do so' 意味着本应由他们解决 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉语义推理

译文：题干：作者认为谁本应解决这个问题？正确项：国家政府。

35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies ____.
  1. A.will raise low-emission car production
  2. B.should be forced to follow regulations
  3. C.will upgrade the design of their vehicles
  4. D.should be put under public supervision
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位末段 'the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause...' → 推理 'cheating' 意味着需要被强制遵守法规 → 得出答案

考点：推理判断语义推理

译文：题干：从最后一段可以推断出汽车公司____。正确项：应该被强制遵守法规。

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them. If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve. One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good. That's a big change from the previous generation. "Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives," notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. "Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse."

36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring ____.
  1. A.are recognized for their abilities
  2. B.are optimistic about the labor market
  3. C.are in favor of office job offers
  4. D.are drawing growing public attention
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首段首句 → 同义替换 'the attention has been rising steadily' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：今年春天毕业的Z世代______。正确项：正受到越来越多的公众关注。

37. Generation Zs are keenly aware ____.
  1. A.what their parents expect of them
  2. B.how valuable a counselor's advice is
  3. C.what a tough economic situation is like
  4. D.how they differ from past generations
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位第二段 'Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like' → 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：Z世代敏锐地意识到______。正确项：艰难的经济状况是什么样的。

38. The word "assuage"(line 9, para. 2) is closest in meaning to ____.
  1. A.deepen
  2. B.define
  3. C.maintain
  4. D.relieve
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位语境 'The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency' → 根据 'done little to' 和 'anxious urgency' 推断词义 → 得出答案

考点：语境选词逻辑推理

译文：题干：第2段第9行的单词'assuage'最接近的意思是______。正确项：缓解。

39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs ____.
  1. A.give top priority to professional training
  2. B.have a clear idea about their future job
  3. C.care little about their job performance
  4. D.think it hard to achieve work-life balance
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位第三段 '88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind' → 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：从第3段可以了解到Z世代______。正确项：对未来的工作有清晰的想法。

40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are ____.
  1. A.less realistic
  2. B.less adventurous
  3. C.more diligent
  4. D.more generous
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位末段 'They aren't interested in taking any chances' → 推理 'not interested in taking chances' 与 'less adventurous' 同义 → 得出答案

考点：推理判断同义改写

译文：题干：Michelsen认为，与千禧一代相比，Z世代______。正确项：更不爱冒险。

第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AGive compliments, just not too many
BPut on a good face, always
CTailor your interactions
DSpend time with everyone
EReveal, don't hide, information
FSlow down and listen
GPut yourselves in others' shoes
1. If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try to stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were upfront about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or studiously stash them away, you should just be honest. （E）
2. Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts. （F）
3. It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day. （D）
4. Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over. （A）
5. This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while others are more straightforward. Jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome. （C）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-E　2-F　3-D　4-A　5-C

解析：41. 本段先提出“有意见却闭口不言对双方都无益”，随后引用哈佛商学院研究说明：对自身情况坦率的人获得更高评价，隐藏者失去信任；最后一句用 not...but rather 明确建议“当可选择透露或刻意隐藏个人信息时，应当诚实”。因此选项 E 中的 Reveal, don't hide, information 正好对应“透露而非隐藏信息”。
42. 段首提出“与对自己诚实同样重要的是接纳他人”，接着指出人们常急于表达自己的感受和想法，但也要花时间听同事说；随后说明急于输出自己的观点会让同事觉得你不重视他们的意见；最后建议进行真正有来有回的对话，而不是只优先表达自己。因此选项 F 的 Slow down and listen 对应“不要急于说，要倾听”。
43. 本段先说职场中通常有“隔间好友”或特别信任的人，但接着用 But 转折，建议扩大视野，了解周围所有人；随后具体建议利用午餐和咖啡休息时间见不常见到的同事，了解他们工作和之外的生活与兴趣；最后总结这有助于拓展内部人际网络。因此选项 D 的 Spend time with everyone 对应“与所有人接触、花时间相处”。
44. 本段开头指出积极反馈对任何人都很重要，并说明不必是老板也可以称赞别人做得出色；接着指出这有助于培养善意，但随后用 But 提醒不要过度或虚假；最后引用研究说明人们对“从负面转向正面”的评价反应最好。因此选项 A 的 Give compliments, just not too many 对应“给予赞美，但不要太多”。
45. 本段开头说这一点可能更难做到，但有助于取得结果；随后建议记住同事在互动中看重什么，观察他们如何与他人说话；接着举例说明有人喜欢会前闲聊，有人更直接，笑话对不同人效果不同；最后明确总结：adapt your style accordingly to type，并提前考虑对方及什么能带来 desired outcome。因此选项 C 的 Tailor your interactions 对应“根据对象调整互动方式”。

考点：转折与结论处定位：But you won't be helping either one of you.研究证据与建议句：when given the option to offer up details about yourself or studiously stash them away, you should just be honest.选项关键词复现：reveal/hide 对应 offer up details/stash them away；information 对应 details about yourself。主题句定位：Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.问题句：rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions.建议句：take time to hear out your coworkers / engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation。转折处定位：But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you.具体做法：Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see.结果总结：This will help to grow your internal network。主题词复现：Positive feedback / tell them they did an exceptional job / comments。限制条件：But don't overdo it or be fake about it.选项匹配：Give compliments 对应 positive feedback；just not too many 对应 don't overdo it。总起句：it can go a long way to achieving results。对比举例：Some people like small talk... while others are more straightforward. Jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land with another.结论句：adapt your style accordingly to type / Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance。

译文：关键句参考译文：这一教训并不是说你应该把自己的个人生活完全公开，而是说，当你有机会选择透露关于自己的细节还是刻意把它们藏起来时，你应该诚实以对。

第 4 部分 · 英译汉1 题 · 15 分

It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it. We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world". Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.

15 分 · 英译汉

参考答案与解析

参考译文

人生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。但是，失败的美妙之处在于，如何看待它完全由我们自己决定。我们可以选择将失败视为“世界末日”。或者，我们也可以把失败看作它通常所代表的那种难以置信的学习经历。每当我们在某些事情上失败时，我们都可以选择去寻找本应吸取的教训。这些教训非常重要；它们是我们成长的方式，也是我们避免再次犯同样错误的方式。只有当我们放任失败，它才会阻止我们。失败还能教给我们一些 otherwise 无法了解的自我认知。例如，失败可以帮你发现自己有多坚强。在某件事上的失败能帮你发现最真挚的朋友，或帮你找到意想不到的成功动力。

第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分

Directions: Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to 1) tell them about the site, and 2)give them some tips for the tour. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead. (10 points)

词数要求：词数以题目要求为准 · 10 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Dear friends, I am excited to invite you to join a tour of the Forbidden City, one of China's most treasured historical sites. As the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, it houses magnificent halls, ancient artworks and centuries of stories, offering you a vivid window into traditional Chinese culture. To make the most of the visit, here are a few tips. You'd better wear comfortable shoes, as the grounds are vast. Remember to bring your ID card for entry, and please book tickets online in advance. Since it is a solemn site, kindly keep quiet and do not touch the exhibits. Looking forward to exploring this wonder together! Yours, Li Ming

第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分

Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should 1)interpret the chart, and 2)give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

词数要求：150–195 词 · 20 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The pie chart above clearly illustrates the purposes of mobile phone reading among students at a certain university. As is shown, learning knowledge takes the largest share, accounting for 59.5%, followed by killing time at 21.3% and acquiring information at 17.0%, while other purposes make up merely 2.2%. Several factors may account for this phenomenon. To begin with, mobile phones have become increasingly convenient, allowing students to access academic materials anytime and anywhere. Moreover, as competition grows fiercer, most students are well aware that reading for knowledge is essential to their future development. In my view, it is a positive trend that the majority of students read to enrich their minds rather than merely to pass time. Therefore, universities should guide students to make full use of mobile reading, so that this small device can truly serve their growth.

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