2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题 · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2021 年
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 题量
- 29 题
- 满分
- 100 分
- 限时
- 180 分钟
- 题型结构
- 完形填空 20 题 10 分 · 阅读 Part A 20 题 40 分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型 1 题 10 分 · 英译汉 5 题 10 分 · 写作 Part A 1 题 10 分 · 写作 Part B 1 题 20 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 完形填空1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-C 2-D 3-A 4-B 5-A 6-A 7-C 4-B 8-A 9-C 10-D 11-B 12-C 13-D 14-D 15-B 16-D 17-A 18-A 19-C
解析：1 空 根据上下文逻辑（在年轻时达到顶峰，然后持平，最后下降）→ 选择表示“达到顶点”的动词 → 得出答案
2 空 根据上下文逻辑（虽然衰老不可避免，但某些变化可能可以避免）→ 选择表示“通常/一般”的副词修饰衰老 → 得出答案
3 空 分析从句与主句的逻辑关系（让步关系：虽然衰老不可避免，但某些变化可能可以避免）→ 选择表示“虽然”的连词 → 得出答案
4 空 根据上下文（肌肉流失和腹部脂肪的____与流体智力下降相关）→ 选择表示“积累”的名词 → 得出答案
5 空 根据上下文（这表明了____，即生活方式因素可能有助于预防或减缓这种下降）→ 选择表示“可能性”的名词 → 得出答案
6 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（prevent or ___） → 识别并列结构与语义一致性 → 选择与prevent语义相近且符合语境的动词
7 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语data与宾语measurements的关系 → 识别动词需表达“包含/涵盖”之意 → 选择最符合研究数据描述的动词
8 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析动词宾语（that data）与后续动作（to reported changes）的关系 → 识别动词需表达“将数据与变化进行关联/比较”之意 → 选择最符合研究分析步骤的动词
9 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析空格与宾语（higher measures of abdominal fat）的搭配 → 识别动词需表达“具有/拥有”之意 → 选择最符合描述人群特征的介词搭配
10 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析空格与宾语（worse on measures）的搭配 → 识别动词需表达“表现/得分”之意 → 选择最符合描述测试表现的动词
11 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析时间流逝语境 → 识别固定搭配 'time went by' → 得出答案
12 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析因果关系 → 识别 'be attributable to' 表示‘归因于’ → 得出答案
13 空 定位空格所在句 → 对比男女差异 → 识别 'involved' 表示‘参与、卷入’ → 得出答案
14 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析研究目的 → 识别 'explain' 表示‘解释’ → 得出答案
15 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析研究应用 → 识别 'treatments' 表示‘治疗方法’ → 得出答案
16 空 定位空格前后句逻辑关系 → 前句讲研究发现（肌肉流失与腹部脂肪堆积与流体智力下降相关），后句讲研究者希望未来研究能解释差异 → 两句为并列或递进关系，非因果或转折 → 选择表示并列/同时的连接词
17 空 定位空格所在句 → 句意为“你可以采取步骤来帮助减少腹部脂肪...” → 识别固定搭配“take steps to do sth.”（采取步骤做某事） → 选择take
18 空 定位空格所在句 → 句意为“保护你的身体和心理___” → 结合前文“减少腹部脂肪”和“保持瘦肌肉质量”等健康话题 → 选择表示健康、福祉的词汇
19 空 定位空格所在句 → 句意为“维持或增加你的有氧运动___” → 结合“aerobic exercise”（有氧运动）这一语境 → 选择表示“水平、量”的词汇
20 空 定位空格所在句 → 句意为“遵循一种高纤维、不含高度加工食品的地中海式___” → 结合“Mediterranean-style”（地中海式）和“high in fiber”（高纤维）等饮食特征 → 选择表示饮食的词汇
考点：语境选词近义词辨析状语从句动词辨析并列结构研究数据描述研究分析步骤介词搭配人群特征描述测试表现描述固定搭配 'time went by'固定搭配 'be attributable to'逻辑衔接词辨析语篇逻辑关系判断固定搭配 take steps动词搭配辨析固定搭配 level of
译文：流体智力在青年时期达到顶峰，然后趋于平稳，最后随着年龄增长开始缓慢下降。
第 2 部分 · 阅读 Part A20 题 · 40 分
How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year's rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year's, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation. Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North. However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered. The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain's railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.
- A.has kept pace with inflation.
- B.is a big surprise to commuters.
- C.remains an unreasonable measure.
- D.will ease train operators' burden.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位首段对票价上涨的质疑语气 → 结合作者对乘客负担与服务质量的批评 → 推断作者认为涨价不合理
考点：作者态度推断隐含观点识别
译文：题干：作者认为今年铁路客运票价的上涨____。正确项C：仍是一项不合理的措施。
- A.car drivers.
- B.rail travelers.
- C.local investors.
- D.ordinary taxpayers.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第二段中‘stockbroker from Surrey’的上下文 → 分析其作为‘rail network’使用者的代表角色 → 推断其指代‘rail travelers’
考点：指代关系分析例证功能推断
译文：题干：第二段中的股票经纪人被用来代表____。正确项B：铁路旅行者。
- A.are offering compensation to commuters.
- B.are trying to repair relations with the unions.
- C.have failed to provide an adequate service.
- D.have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位第三段关于运营商‘trumpeting improvements’与乘客应得‘basic level of service’的对比 → 推断作者认为运营商服务不达标
考点：隐含批评识别对比关系推理
译文：题干：第三段指出铁路运营商____。正确项C：未能提供足够的服务。
- A.the loss of investment.
- B.the collapse of operations.
- C.a reduction of revenue.
- D.a change of ownership.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位末段‘The threat of nationalisation may…’ → 结合前文乘客不满与服务问题 → 推断若无法安抚乘客，铁路可能面临国有化（所有权变更）
考点：未完成句推理后果链推断
译文：题干：如果无法安抚乘客，铁路可能不得不面对____。正确项D：所有权变更。
- A.Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?
- B.Constant Complaining Doesn't Work
- C.Can Nationalisation Bring Hope?
- D.Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：通览全文：首段质疑涨价合理性 → 中间段落批评服务与罢工问题 → 末段提及国有化威胁 → 概括核心论点为‘持续涨价不可持续’
考点：主旨概括文章结构把握
译文：题干：以下哪项最适合作为本文标题？正确项D：不断上涨的票价不可持续。
Last year marked the third year in a row that Indonesia's bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be the country's antipoverty program. In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. They're already used in dozens of countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children. But CCT programs don't generally consider effects on the environment. In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University. That's because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. However, those correlations don't prove cause and effect. The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says. Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia's poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates. Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia's phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces. "We see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation," Ferraro says. That's likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says. Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody's guess. Ferraro suggests the results may transfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access. And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what's good for people may also be good for the environment. Even if this program didn't reduce poverty, Ferraro says, "the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs."
- A.facilitate healthcare reform.
- B.help poor families get better off.
- C.improve local education systems.
- D.lower deforestation rates.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位首段对CCT项目的定义句 → 提取其核心目的（reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty） → 同义替换为“帮助贫困家庭改善状况”
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：根据前两段，CCT项目旨在____。正确项：帮助贫困家庭改善状况。
- A.cattle raising has been a major means of livelihood for the poor.
- B.CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles.
- C.antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers.
- D.economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位提及墨西哥研究的句子 → 分析其在论证结构中的作用（支持传统观点：扶贫与环保冲突） → 推断其引用目的
考点：例证作用观点推断
译文：题干：引用基于墨西哥某地区的研究是为了说明____。正确项：经济增长往往导致环境退化。
- A.its acceptance level of CCTs.
- B.its annual rate of poverty alleviation.
- C.the relation of CCTs to its forest loss.
- D.the role of its forests in climate change.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Ferraro研究意图的直接陈述句 → 提取其研究问题（if Indonesia's poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation） → 同义替换为“CCT项目与森林损失的关系”
考点：意图定位同义改写
译文：题干：在关于印尼的研究中，Ferraro旨在找出____。正确项：CCT项目与其森林损失的关系。
- A.it will benefit other Asian countries.
- B.it will reduce regional inequality.
- C.it can protect the environment.
- D.it can benefit grain production.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位Ferraro对印尼项目价值的评价句 → 提取其核心发现（associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation） → 推断其“最有价值”之处在于环保效益
考点：观点推断细节支撑
译文：题干：根据Ferraro，印尼的CCT项目最有价值之处在于____。正确项：它能保护环境。
- A.The effects of a program.
- B.The debates over a program.
- C.The process of a study.
- D.The transferability of a study.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文结构（提出问题-介绍背景-引出研究-呈现结果-解释原因） → 归纳核心内容（一项关于CCT项目环境影响的研究及其发现） → 概括为“一个项目的影响”
考点：主旨概括结构分析
译文：题干：本文的中心是什么？正确项：一个项目的影响。
As a historian who's always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I've become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I've found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter —they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred- or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter. Of course, I need to concede that my collection of 'Smiling Victorians' makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend? During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm. But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today's digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile. One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. "Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth," ran one popular Victorian maxim, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular 'pearly whites' was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed). A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened gnashers) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll's gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be "nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever".
- A.changed people's impression of the Victorians.
- B.highlighted social media's role in Victorian studies.
- C.re-evaluated the Victorian's notion of public image.
- D.illustrated the development of Victorian photography.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位首段 → 提取作者在Twitter发布照片后的效果描述 → 同义替换为‘改变了人们对维多利亚时代的印象’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据第一段，作者在Twitter上的帖子____。正确项：改变了人们对维多利亚时代人的印象。
- A.They are in popular use among historians.
- B.They are rare among photographs of that age.
- C.They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
- D.They show effects of different exposure times.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第二段 → 提取作者对收藏品的描述 → 同义替换为‘在那个时代的照片中很罕见’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：关于作者收集的维多利亚肖像，作者说了什么？正确项：它们在那个时代的照片中很罕见。
- A.Their inherent social sensitiveness.
- B.Their tension before the camera.
- C.Their distrust of new inventions.
- D.Their unhealthy dental condition.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位第四段 → 提取1890年代后仍不微笑的原因 → 同义替换为‘不健康的牙齿状况’
考点：细节定位因果推理
译文：题干：是什么可能让维多利亚人在1890年代拍照时仍不微笑？正确项：他们不健康的牙齿状况。
- A.a deep-root belief.
- B.a misguided attitude.
- C.a controversial view.
- D.a thought-provoking idea.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位马克·吐温引语所在段落 → 分析引语在论证中的作用 → 推断其意在表明‘反对微笑拍照’是一种根深蒂固的信念
考点：例证推理观点态度
译文：题干：引用马克·吐温是为了表明对照片中微笑的反对是____。正确项：一种根深蒂固的信念。
- A.Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
- B.Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?
- C.What made photography develop in the Victorian period?
- D.How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：通览全文 → 概括核心问题 → 匹配选项为‘为什么大多数维多利亚人在照片中看起来很严肃’
考点：主旨概括问题匹配
译文：题干：以下哪个问题是本文回答的？正确项：为什么大多数维多利亚人在照片中看起来很严肃？
From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals'. That's why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the Internet. Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission's authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn't regulate broadband providers either. The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals' streaming services but not their own. On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that "the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service," and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to "avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism." In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC's attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission's power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC's abdication. The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.
- A.bring web-based firms under control.
- B.slow down the traffic on their network.
- C.show partiality in treating clients.
- D.intensify competition with their rivals.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位首段对宽带提供商担忧的描述 → 提取‘favor affiliated websites over their rivals'’的核心含义 → 同义替换为‘show partiality’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：长期以来，人们一直担心宽带提供商会____。正确项：在对待客户时表现出偏袒。
- A.sticks to an out-of-date order.
- B.takes an anti-regulatory stance.
- C.has issued a special resolution.
- D.has allowed the states to intervene.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位FCC在2017年的行动（废除严格规则、拒绝授权） → 推断其立场为反对监管 → 同义替换为‘anti-regulatory stance’
考点：推理判断观点态度
译文：题干：面对网络中立规则的需求，联邦通信委员会（FCC）____。正确项：采取了反监管的立场。
- A.It protects against unfair competition.
- B.It engages in anti-competitive practices.
- C.It is under the FCC's investigation.
- D.It is in pursuit of quality service.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位第三段AT&T作为例子的描述 → 提取‘favoring its own... at the expense of...’的核心含义 → 同义替换为‘engages in anti-competitive practices’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：从第三段可以了解到关于AT&T的什么信息？正确项：它从事反竞争行为。
- A.focus on trivialities.
- B.conveys an ambiguous message.
- C.is at odds with its earlier rulings.
- D.is out of touch with reality.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位法官Patricia Millett的并行意见 → 提取‘unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service’的核心含义 → 同义替换为‘out of touch with reality’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：法官帕特里夏·米利特认为上诉法院的裁决____。正确项：脱离了现实。
- A.Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.
- B.The FCC should be put under strict supervision.
- C.Rules need to be set to diversify online services.
- D.Broadband providers' rights should be protected.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位最后一段法官的建议 → 提取‘Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene’的核心含义 → 推断作者支持国会采取行动 → 同义替换为‘Congress needs to take action’
考点：主旨大意推理判断
译文：题干：作者在最后一段论证了什么？正确项：国会需要采取行动以确保网络中立。
第 3 部分 · 阅读 Part B 新题型1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考排列：
AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates. / There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results. / Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost the company money. / One accounting firm, BY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate. / You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it's useful for employees to go to.
第 4 部分 · 英译汉5 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
在二战前的几十年里,这些(西方)社会的高校入学率一直大致稳定在适龄人口的 3-5%,二战结束时仍维持着这一水平。(47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groupsand social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
而在这些社会中兴起的对接受高等教育的需求,也波及到了一些群体和社会阶层——这些人在战前从未想过要上大学。(48) in many countries of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubledwithin five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by themiddle of the 1970s.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
在西欧许多国家,接受高等教育的学生人数在 20 世纪 60 年代每五年就翻一番,到70 年代中期,又用了七、八或十年时间再翻了一番。(49) and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduatestudy, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
而当这些新进教职员工绝大多数都是刚出研究生院的年轻男女时,他们就在很大程度上塑造了该院系的学风。(50) High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened theforms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholarsduring periods of stability or slow growth.
参考答案与解析
参考译文
高增长率增加了学术革新的机会;但与此同时,它也削弱了(旧有的)那些形式与过程——也就是稳定或缓慢增长时期,教师和学生被接纳进学者共同体所依靠的方式和流程。SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲7 句真题句逐层精讲下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of highereducation, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly)during the 1970s and 1980s.第1段,第5句本句涵盖主谓宾结构、分词短语作状语、让步状语从句的省略形式,成分类型较丰富。特别是分词短语和省略从句的识别,对学生判断非谓语动词功能和理解省略规则有较好训练价值。The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite differentways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems.第2段,第1句并列句结构是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,用"and"连接两个主句表示因果或顺承关系极为常见,句中"manifest itself"和"give rise to"都是学术写作的典型表达,掌握后可大量迁移到同类长难句的分析中Second, growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individualinstitutions.第2段,第3句这种“句首篇章提示语加主谓宾主干,再带副词和名词短语扩展”的写法在说明文里很常见。掌握后有助于处理大量基础阅读句。For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures ofgovernance, of administration, and above all of socialization.第3段,第2句简单句中带有较长介词短语修饰成分是学术文本常见句式,"place strains on" 这类固定搭配也是考试高频表达,具有一定代表性,但缺少从句结构使得迁移范围受限。And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss ofa close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, thestudent culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students,with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution-this wasseen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.第3段,第4句条件状语从句前置、主句后置的结构在学术写作和考试阅读中极为常见,尤其是社会科学类文本。这种因果论证句式是考研和四六级阅读的高频句型,掌握后可以迁移到大量类似长句High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they alsoweakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admittedinto a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.第3段,第5句分号连接并列句以及“介词 + which”引导定语从句是学术英语和各类考试(如考研、四六级)中的极高频结构。In the 1960s and 1970s, European universities saw marked changes in theirgovernance arrangements, with empowerment of junior faculty and to somedegree of students as well.第3段,第6句主谓宾加时间和方式状语的结构在学术英语和考试阅读中较为常见,尤其 "with" 引导伴随状语的用法是高频考点。句式本身具有一定代表性,掌握后可迁移到类似历史叙述或学术论述的句子分析中HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词本篇出现的 49 个考研英语一真题高频词下列单词既在本篇英文短文中出现,又是 考研英语一 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。growth B1 rate A2n. 增长 n. 速度本篇8 次 · 真题 80 句 本篇3 次 · 真题 72 句demand B1 academic B2v. 坚决要求 adj. 学术的本篇3 次 · 真题 63 句 本篇3 次 · 真题 28 句system A2 institution B2n. 系统 n. 机构本篇2 次 · 真题 107 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 39 句rapidly B1 relevant B2adv. 迅速地 adj. 相关的本篇2 次 · 真题 17 句 本篇2 次 · 真题 14 句governance C1 process B1n. 治理 n. 过程本篇2 次 · 真题 9 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 80 句economy B1 community B1n. 经济 n. 社区本篇1 次 · 真题 73 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 71 句least A2 decade B1det. 最少的 n. 十年本篇1 次 · 真题 63 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 61 句individual B2 political B1adj. 单独的 adj. 政治的本篇1 次 · 真题 59 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 54 句intellectual C1 define B1adj. 智力的 v. 给......下定义本篇1 次 · 真题 47 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 46 句loss B1 affect B1n. 丧失 v. 影响本篇1 次 · 真题 43 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 39 句event A2 structure B1n. 事件 n. 结构本篇1 次 · 真题 36 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 36 句department A2 graduate B1n. 部门 n. 毕业生本篇1 次 · 真题 35 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 34 句consequence B2 innovation B2n. 结果 n. 创新;革新(指行为或过程)本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 33 句largely B2 exist A2adv. 主要地 v. 存在;实际上有本篇1 次 · 真题 30 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 28 句relationship B1 reflect B1n. 关系 v. 反映,显示本篇1 次 · 真题 28 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句staff B1 chief B1n. 全体员工 n. 首领本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句extend B1 growing A2v. 延伸;延长 adj. 增长的本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句administration B2 scholar B2n. 管理 n. 学者本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句arise B2 norm B2v. 出现;产生;发生 n. 常态本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句roughly B1 admit B1adv. 大约,大概 v. 承认(事实、错误等)本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句constant B2 obviously B1adj. 持续不断的 adv. 显然,明显地本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句weaken B2 attend A2v. 使变弱 v. 出席,参加(会议、活动等)本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句increasing B1 arrangement B1adj. 越来越多的 n. 安排本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句expansion B2 peculiar B2n. 扩张 adj. 奇怪的本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句 本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句strain B2n. 压力本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布英文短文 167 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖英文短文去重后共 167 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 10 个 ·约 6%。46% 62% 81% 94% 99% 100%A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下 及以下每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为英文短文去重词 167 个 · 末柱为 100%去重总词数 B2 以上难词 B1 及以下覆盖167 6% 81 %考研英语一 2021年 · 全卷构成Section I 完形填空(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (1) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (2) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (3) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part A (4) 阅读理解(四选一) 题目解析 →Section II Part B 选句填空(7选5) 题目解析 →Section II Part C 英译汉(划线句子翻译) 本题Section III Part A 写作 题目解析 →Section III Part B 写作 题目解析 →
第 5 部分 · 写作 Part A1 题 · 10 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Dear Chris, Congratulations on your graduation! I'm delighted that you plan to look for a job here in China, and I'd love to offer a few suggestions. First, it would help to learn more about China's job market and improve your Chinese, since good language skills make daily work far easier. Second, why not register on popular recruiting websites and reach out to your university's alumni? They often share useful openings. Finally, prepare a clear resume and rehearse for interviews in advance. If you need any help with your job hunt, just let me know. Best wishes, Li Ming
第 6 部分 · 写作 Part B1 题 · 20 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, a little boy dressed up as the Monkey King, holding a small stick, is talking to his father. The boy says that many of his classmates think learning traditional opera is boring, while the father replies that as long as the boy himself enjoys it, that is enough. Simple as the picture is, it conveys a thought-provoking message about following one's own interest rather than blindly bowing to others' opinions. The father's answer reveals that genuine passion, not popular approval, should guide our choices. What's more, the child's love for opera mirrors a positive trend of young people embracing traditional culture, which deserves encouragement. Therefore, I firmly agree with the father's attitude. On the one hand, only when we stick to what we truly love can we find lasting motivation and happiness. On the other hand, respecting a child's own interest helps cultivate confident and independent individuals. In light of this, parents and society should learn to listen to children's inner voice instead of imposing mainstream standards. Only in this way can each unique talent blossom.
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