2015年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2015年06月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2015 年 · 6月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
修复记录
online-edit · online-edit · online-edit · online-edit（4 项）
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

At least 16 people were killed and up to 150 trapped under the rubble when a factory collapsed in an industrial area of Lahore in eastern Pakistan. Formerly several stories high, no part of the building remained standing after the disaster, and hundreds of rescue workers including soldiers have been picking through concrete and bricks to find survivors. Dozens have been pulled out alive. Many more remain trapped and with heavy machinery being used, search teams were striving to ensure that no one is hurt further in the rescue operation. It is not known what caused the collapse of the factory where plastic bags were manufactured. But reports suggest the building was still under construction and may have suffered damage in last week's earthquake that hit Afghanistan and Pakistan, leaving hundreds dead. collapsed in an industrial area of Lahore in eastern Pakistan.

1. What is the news report mainly about?
  1. A.An earthquake hitting Lahore in Pakistan.
  2. B.Rescue operation after the earthquake.
  3. C.A factory building being damaged in the earthquake.
  4. D.Relief work in the collapsed factory building.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位新闻核心事件（工厂倒塌）→ 排除次要信息（地震、救援细节）→ 概括主旨为倒塌工厂的救援工作

考点：主旨大意细节筛选

译文：题干：这则新闻报道主要关于什么？正确项：倒塌工厂内的救援工作。

2. What are the products of this factory?
  1. A.Concrete and bricks.
  2. B.Heavy machines.
  3. C.Plastic bags.
  4. D.Building materials.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位产品信息（where plastic bags were manufactured）→ 识别定语从句修饰 factory → 得出产品为塑料袋

考点：细节定位从句理解

译文：题干：这家工厂的产品是什么？正确项：塑料袋。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The technology company Apple announced a new, smaller sized iPhone on Monday at a press conference in Cupertino, California. Apple head Tim Cook said customers had asked that the company continue making four-inch products. He said the new iPhone SE satisfies that demand. It is the same size as the iPhone 5 and 5s. But, the SE includes the better hardware of the most recent iPhone, the 6s. And, Apple is offering the iPhone SE for a lower price. An iPhone SE with 16 GB of storage will cost around $400. One with 64 GB will be about $100 more. The iPhone SE shares the same design and materials as the 5 and 5s. However, the new model adds a color choice: rose gold. The company also reported on its sustainability efforts to use 100% renewable energy at this facility. Currently, Apple says it uses renewable energy at 93% of its facilities.

3. What does iPhone SE share in common with iPhone 5 and 5s?
  1. A.Its color choices.
  2. B.Its hardware.
  3. C.Its price.
  4. D.Its size.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位比较信息（It is the same size as the iPhone 5 and 5s）→ 识别“share in common”对应“same size” → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：iPhone SE与iPhone 5和5s有什么共同点？正确项：它的尺寸。

4. How much will an iPhone SE with 64 GB of storage cost?
  1. A.About 500 dollars.
  2. B.About 400 dollars.
  3. C.About 300 dollars.
  4. D.About 100 dollars.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位价格信息（16GB约400美元，64GB再多100美元）→ 进行简单加法运算（400+100）→ 得出答案

考点：数字捕捉简单运算

译文：题干：一部64GB存储的iPhone SE将花费多少钱？正确项：大约500美元。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

An experimental therapy uses a person's weak immune system to fight deadly blood cancers. Stanley Riddell is a researcher at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in the U.S. state of Washington. "So, that's the one interesting thing about this. It doesn't require repeated treatments or repetitive cycles of chemotherapy," said Riddell. "That's what I think in the future may be most important for patients— that it's a single treatment instead of many months of treatment." It has shown great promise in small trials with patients. In one study of 35 patients with a type of leukemia, 94 percent experienced a complete remission. 50 percent to 80 percent of patients with other blood cancers also saw a reduction in symptoms. Riddell said, "This is encouraging because these are all patients who have failed all conventional therapies, including many kinds of bone marrow and stem cell transplants." Immune system cells usually fight invading viruses and bacteria. They can also combat cancer. But they are soon overwhelmed by the disease. The work by Hutchinson researchers increases this natural cancer-fighting ability. Using the immune system has also shown promise against skin cancer and some lung cancers. person's weak immune system to fight deadly blood cancers.

5. What is the experimental therapy against blood cancer?
  1. A.The repeated chemotherapy.
  2. B.The immune system treatment.
  3. C.The stem cell transplant.
  4. D.The bone marrow transplant.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位实验性疗法描述（uses a person's weak immune system）→ 识别核心机制（免疫系统）→ 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：对抗血癌的实验性疗法是什么？正确项：免疫系统疗法。

6. How many patients gained a complete remission in the small trials?
  1. A.About 33.
  2. B.About 35.
  3. C.About 50.
  4. D.About 94.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位数字信息 → 计算94% of 35 → 得出答案

考点：数字计算细节定位

译文：题干：在小型试验中，有多少患者获得了完全缓解？正确项：大约33人。

7. What have Hutchinson researchers contributed to according to the news report?
  1. A.Improving cancer-fighting ability of immune cells.
  2. B.Encouraging patients with skin or lung cancers.
  3. C.Healing the leukemia patients in a single treatment.
  4. D.Eradicating invading viruses and bacteria. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位核心贡献描述 → 同义替换increases natural cancer-fighting ability → 得出答案

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：根据新闻报道，哈钦森研究所的研究人员做出了什么贡献？正确项：提高免疫细胞的抗癌能力。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Morning, this is TGC. M: Good morning. Er...Walter Berry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand, please? W: Who's calling, please? M: Walter Berry from London.

8. What do we learn about the woman's company?
  1. A.It specializes in safety from leaks.
  2. B.It is headquartered in London.
  3. C.It has a chemical processing plant.
  4. D.It has a partnership with LCP.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话中关于女士公司的描述 → 区分男女双方公司信息 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代区分

译文：题干：我们了解到关于女士公司的什么信息？正确项：它有一个化工加工厂。

9. What do we learn about the man?
  1. A.He is a safety inspector.
  2. B.He is Mr. Grand's friend.
  3. C.He is a chemist.
  4. D.He is a salesman.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：分析男士的自我介绍和通话目的 → 推断其职业身份 → 得出答案

考点：推理判断语境推断

译文：题干：我们了解到关于男士的什么信息？正确项：他是一名销售员。

10. What is the woman's position in her company?
  1. A.The public relations officer.
  2. B.Head of the personnel department.
  3. C.Mr. Grand's personal assistant.
  4. D.Director of the safety department.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士自我介绍的语句 → 直接提取职位信息 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位直接信息

译文：题干：女士在她公司的职位是什么？正确项：Mr. Grand的私人助理。

11. What does the woman suggest the man do?
  1. A.Send a comprehensive description of their work.
  2. B.Provide details of their products and services.
  3. C.Leave a message for Mr. Grand.
  4. D.Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士建议句 → 识别同义替换（details of your products and services → Provide details of their products and services） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士建议男士做什么？正确项：提供他们产品和服务的细节。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Miss Yamada, did you ever think that you would find yourself living and working in the western world?

12. What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe?
  1. A.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.
  2. B.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.
  3. C.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.
  4. D.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士去欧洲前的描述 → 识别同义替换（listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe → listened to recordings of many European orchestras） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于女士去欧洲之前，我们知道什么？正确项：她听过许多欧洲管弦乐团的录音。

13. What does the woman say about her music experience?
  1. A.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.
  2. B.She gave her first performance with her father.
  3. C.She became a professional violinist at fifteen.
  4. D.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士音乐经历描述 → 识别同义替换（began violin lessons at school when I was 6 → began taking violin lessons as a small child） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于她的音乐经历，女士说了什么？正确项：她小时候就开始上小提琴课。

14. When did the woman go to Europe for the first time?
  1. A.In 1955.
  2. B.In 1961.
  3. C.In 1964.
  4. D.In 1970.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士出生年份（1955）与首次去欧洲年龄（15岁） → 进行数字运算（1955 + 15 = 1970） → 得出答案

考点：数字定位简单运算

译文：题干：女士第一次去欧洲是什么时候？正确项：1970年。

15. What does the woman say about her study in Paris?
  1. A.It was the chance of a lifetime.
  2. B.It was a great challenge to her.
  3. C.It gave her a chance to explore the city.
  4. D.It helped her learn classical French music. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士对巴黎学习的评价 → 识别同义替换（It was the chance of a lifetime → It was the chance of a lifetime） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原词复现

译文：题干：关于她在巴黎的学习，女士说了什么？正确项：那是一生难得的机会。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

What makes a person famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about. All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people. Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Yet how many know Shakespeare, the person, the man behind the works? After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history. It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights to protect their work. Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some said he had no formal education. Others believed that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men. All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not. Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-upon-Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to grammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school. So Shakespeare did have at least an average education. Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown. The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could've been a source of clues. We'll always be left with many questions and few facts. research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history.

16. What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?
  1. A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.
  2. B.His personal history is little known.
  3. C.His works have no match worldwide.
  4. D.There are many misunderstandings about him.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键句 'scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history' → 同义替换为 'little known' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：关于威廉·莎士比亚，说话者说了什么？正确项：他的个人历史鲜为人知。

17. What do we learn about Shakespeare's father?
  1. A.He once worked in a well-known acting company.
  2. B.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
  3. C.He failed to go beyond grammar school.
  4. D.He was a member of the town council.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'Shakespeare's father was a respected man... a member of the town council' → 直接匹配选项D → 得出答案

考点：细节定位直接匹配

译文：题干：关于莎士比亚的父亲，我们了解到什么？正确项：他是镇议会的一员。

18. Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare's life will remain a mystery?
  1. A.People of his time had little interest in him.
  2. B.His works were adapted beyond recognition.
  3. C.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.
  4. D.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键句 'The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could've been a source of clues' → 同义替换为 'Possible sources of clues... were lost in a fire' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么说话者说莎士比亚生平的部分内容将永远是个谜？正确项：关于他的可能线索来源在一场大火中丢失了。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Wherever you go and for whatever reason, it's important to be safe. While the majority of people you meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers—theft being the most common. Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful. It's important to prepare for your trip in advance and to take precautions while you are travelling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You don't want to get to your destination, only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isn't valid anymore. Also, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance so that if you are sick or injured during your travels, you'll be able to get treatment. If you want to drive while you're abroad, make sure you have an international driver's license. When you get to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there's no meter in a taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while traveling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. Finally, remember to smile. It's the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world. there are dangers—theft being the most common. to your destination, only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isn't valid anymore.

19. What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad?
  1. A.Theft.
  2. B.Air crash.
  3. C.Cheating.
  4. D.Road accidents.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键句 'there are dangers—theft being the most common' → 直接匹配选项A → 得出答案

考点：细节定位直接匹配

译文：题干：出国旅行时，最常提到的危险是什么？正确项：盗窃。

20. What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad?
  1. A.Learn the local customs.
  2. B.Have the right documents.
  3. C.Book tickets well in advance.
  4. D.Make hotel reservations.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键句 'As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork' → 同义替换为 'Have the right documents' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：出国旅行准备阶段，最重要的事情是什么？正确项：准备好正确的文件。

21. What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination?
  1. A.Contact your agent.
  2. B.Use official transport.
  3. C.Get a lift if possible.
  4. D.Have a friend meet you.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'arrive at your destination' → 听到对应段落 'When you get to your destination' → 识别其后建议 'use official transport' → 与选项B同义替换

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者建议你到达目的地后做什么？ 正确项B：使用官方交通工具。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humor has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost. When Ratner took over his father's chain of 130 jeweler shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down-market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver ornaments. By 1991, Ratner's company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a big meeting of top British business people, he showed up and explained the secret of his success. "People say, how can we sell our goods for such a low price? I say, because they're absolute rubbish." His audience roared with laughter. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner's shops. Sales fell and 6 months after his speech, Ratner's share price had fallen by 42 percent. The following year, things got worse, and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career, and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke.

22. What did Gerald Ratner decide to do when he took over his father's shops?
  1. A.Cut down production cost.
  2. B.Refine the taste of his goods.
  3. C.Sell inexpensive products.
  4. D.Specialise in gold ornaments.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'took over his father's shops' → 听取对应语句 'he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down-market products at the lowest possible prices' → 同义替换 'sell down-market products at the lowest possible prices' 为 'Sell inexpensive products' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：杰拉尔德·拉特纳接管他父亲的商店时决定做什么？ 正确项C：销售廉价产品。

23. On what occasion did Gerald Ratner explain the secret of his success?
  1. A.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.
  2. B.During a local sales promotion campaign.
  3. C.During a live television interview.
  4. D.At a national press conference.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'explain the secret of his success' → 在语篇中定位到 'At a big meeting of top British business people, he showed up and explained the secret of his success.' → 识别 'a big meeting of top British business people' 与选项 A 'a meeting of top British businesspeople' 为同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：杰拉尔德·拉特纳在什么场合解释了他成功的秘诀？ 正确项A：在一次顶级英国商界人士的会议上。

24. How did people feel when they learned of Gerald Ratner's remarks?
  1. A.Discouraged.
  2. B.Distressed.
  3. C.Puzzled.
  4. D.Insulted.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键句 'People felt insulted and stayed away' → 同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当人们得知杰拉尔德·拉特纳的言论时，他们的感受如何？正确项D：感到被侮辱了。

25. What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest?
  1. A.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.
  2. B.There should be a limit to one's sense of humour.
  3. C.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.
  4. D.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位故事结局（公司破产、失业）→ 回溯原因（公开贬低自家产品）→ 归纳教训（幽默需有度）→ 同义替换至选项B

考点：故事寓意推断因果逻辑链同义替换

译文：题干：杰拉尔德·拉特纳的故事说明了什么？ 正确选项B：一个人的幽默感应有限度。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. The parents and grandparents of your students are resources and [26] for their children. They can be [27] teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of [28] and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. Parents, of course, are not the only community resources. Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies have [29] information to share in classrooms. Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. Many students don't have the opportunity to [30] concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. A school district should have [31] for selecting and conducting field trips. Families must be made [32] of field trips and give permission for their children to participate. Through school projects, students can learn to be [33] in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students, [34] older ones, might conduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government. Some schools require students to provide community service by [35] in a nursing home, child care center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the larger community.

A. assetsB. attendC. awareD. especiallyE. excellentF. expensiveG. guidelinesH. involvedI. joiningJ. naturallyK. observeL. originM. recruitedN. up-to-dateO. volunteering

参考答案与解析

答案：26-A　27-E　28-L　29-N　30-B　31-G　32-C　33-H　34-D　35-O

解析：26 空 定位空格前后的并列结构 'resources and {{26}}' → 分析并列成分的语义一致性 → 结合语境 'for their children' 选择表示 '榜样' 或 '支持者' 的名词 → 排除动词、形容词等词性不符选项 → 确定正确答案
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句子主语（parents and grandparents）与谓语（can be）及宾语（teachers）的逻辑关系 → 结合后文“of their own traditions and histories”判断此处需表达“传授者”或“教导者”角色 → 辨析选项中表示“教导”或“传授”的动词 → 选择最符合语境的动词
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句子结构（主语They指代parents and grandparents，谓语can be，空格处为表语名词） → 根据后文“of their own traditions and histories”判断此处需表达“传授者”含义 → 结合选项列表，选择最符合语境的名词
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语‘Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies’与宾语‘information’的动宾搭配 → 结合‘to share in classrooms’的语境，选择表示‘拥有’或‘持有’信息的动词 → ‘have’为最直接、最符合语境的搭配
30 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析动词不定式结构与宾语搭配 → 根据语境（field trips提供机会去做某事）与选项词义辨析 → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格前后的并列结构 'resources and {{26}}' → 分析并列成分的词性（名词）与语义（积极、支持性） → 从选项中筛选符合语境的名词 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格前 'They can be {{27}} teachers' → 分析 'teachers' 的修饰语需体现父母作为教师的特质 → 从选项中筛选符合语境的形容词 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前 'country of {{28}}' → 分析固定搭配 'country of origin'（原籍国） → 从选项中筛选符合搭配的名词 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格前 'have {{29}} information to share' → 分析形容词需修饰 'information' 并体现社区资源的价值 → 从选项中筛选符合语境的形容词 → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格前 'don't have the opportunity to {{30}} concerts' → 分析动词需与 'concerts' 搭配并体现参与形式 → 从选项中筛选符合语境的动词 → 得出答案

考点：并列结构语义一致语境选词词性判断近义词辨析名词作表语搭配of动词搭配 have information动词不定式作宾语并列结构名词词性形容词修饰名词固定搭配动词搭配

译文：作为一名教师，你可以通过多种方式将社区引入课堂。学生的父母和祖父母是他们孩子的资源和{{26}}。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

ASince Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple, much has been said about him as a peerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications.
BAll true, but let's think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of years back. Let's look at Mr. Jobs as a role model.
CAbove all, he is an innovator . His creative force is seen in products such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online. Studies of innovation come to the same conclusion: you can't engineer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs' career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr. Jobs, of course, has enjoyed singular success. But innovation, broadly defined, is the crucial ingredient in all economic progress—higher growth for nations, more competitive products for companies, and more prosperous careers for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game.
D"We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is," says John Kao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. "Many other nations," Mr. John Kao notes, "are now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation. These include government financing for scientific research, national policies to support emerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds of Internet broadband service."
EYet what other nations typically lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages diversity, experimentation, risk-taking, and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls "recombinant mash-ups ," like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category. "The culture of other countries doesn't support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies, as America does," Mr. John Kao says.
FWorkers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to thriving in the modern economy. Formal education matters, career counselors say, but real-life experience is often even more valuable.
GAn adopted child, growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits early on. He was fascinated by electronics as a child, building Heath kit do-it-yourself projects, like radios. Mr. Jobs dropped out of Reed College after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenment, before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak, an engineering wizard( ). Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded two other companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1996 and becoming chief executive in 1997.
HHis path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. "It's often people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights," says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration.
IMr. Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, "The Innovator's DNA," which is based on an eight-year study of 5000 and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co-authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at the Harvard Business School, whose 1997 book "The Innovator's Dilemma" popularized the concept of disruptive( ) innovation.
JThe academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning, experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoes the ceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr. Hal Gregersen explains, is less about career- building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas. Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea- producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.
K"Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly," Mr. Gregersen says. "It's a habit for them." Innovative companies, according to the authors, typically enjoy higher valuations in the stock market, which they call an "innovation premium ." It is calculated by estimating the share of a company's value that cannot be accounted for by its current products and cash flow. The innovation premium tries to quantify investors' bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.
LApple, by their calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr. Jobs' first term with the company. His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return, Apple fortunes improved gradually at first, and improved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52 percent innovation premium since then.
MThere is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without the experience outside the company, especially at Pixar—the computer-animation studio that created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as "Toy Story" and "Up."
NMr. Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class at Stanford University in 2005. "It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me," he told the students. Mr. Jobs also spoke of perseverance( ) and will power. "Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick," he said. "Don't lose faith." Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation's contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology—though imperfect—has a place in educational settings.
OMr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in one's choice of work and in one's life. Be curious, experiment, take risks, he said to the students. His advice was emphasized by the words on the back of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog, which he quoted, "Stay hungry. Stay foolish." And, Mr. Jobs said, "I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you." "Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could," Dr. Shermis said. "There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world."
1. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address. （O）
2. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple. （N）
3. Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits. （M）
4. Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materials for innovation. （D）
5. Great innovators are good at connecting concepts from various academic fields. （J）
6. Innovation is vital to driving economic progress. （C）
7. America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovation. （E）
8. Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences. （H）
9. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success. （F）
10. Apple fortunes suffered from an innovation discount during Jobs' absence. （L）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-O　2-N　3-M　4-D　5-J　6-C　7-E　8-H　9-F　10-L

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'innovate' → 在段落C中找到 'innovator' 及相关描述 → 确认段落C为正确匹配项
37. 定位题干关键词 'fired' → 在提供的段落全文中未找到任何关于乔布斯被解雇或认为自己幸运的信息 → 判定为未提及信息
38. 定位题干关键词 'computers' 'make movies' 'commercial hits' → 在提供的段落全文中未找到任何关于乔布斯用电脑制作商业成功电影的信息 → 判定为未提及信息
39. 定位题干关键词 'governments' 'raw materials for innovation' → 在段落D中找到 'Many other nations... are now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation' → 确认段落D为正确匹配项
40. 定位题干关键词 'connecting concepts' 'various academic fields' → 在提供的段落全文中未找到任何关于创新者擅长连接不同学术领域概念的信息 → 判定为未提及信息
41. 定位题干关键词 'innovation' 和 'economic progress' → 在段落C中找到同义表述 'crucial ingredient in all economic progress' → 确认段落C为答案
42. 定位题干关键词 'social environment' 和 'favorable to innovation' → 在段落E（根据上下文推断）中找到对应表述 'what other nations typically lack... is a social...' → 确认段落E为答案
43. 定位题干关键词 'diverse experiences' → 在段落H（根据上下文推断）中找到对应表述 → 确认段落H为答案
44. 定位题干关键词 'real-life experience' 和 'formal education' → 在段落F（根据上下文推断）中找到对应表述 → 确认段落F为答案
45. 定位题干关键词 'Apple fortunes' 和 'innovation discount' → 在段落L（根据上下文推断）中找到对应表述 → 确认段落L为答案

考点：细节定位同义替换信息缺失判断指代衔接

译文：题干：史蒂夫·乔布斯在他的毕业典礼演讲中呼吁斯坦福毕业生进行创新。正确项O（段落C）：首先，他是一位创新者。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Some of the world's most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring. The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat, corn and soybeans . They find that in between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s. There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world's most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse. Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soybeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that "we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world." The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued. Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.

46. What does the author try to draw attention to?
  1. A.Food riots and hunger in the world.
  2. B.News headlines in the leading media.
  3. C.The decline of the grain yield growth.
  4. D.The food supply in populous countries.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段转折句 → 识别核心论点（yield growth decline） → 匹配选项C

考点：主旨大意转折信号词捕捉

译文：题干：作者试图引起人们对什么的注意？正确项：谷物产量增长的下降。

47. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?
  1. A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.
  2. B.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.
  3. C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.
  4. D.Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘India and China’所在段落 → 分析其后解释性句子（ability to feed themselves... stability） → 推断其重要性 → 匹配选项A

考点：推理判断细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：作者为何特别提及印度和中国？正确项：他们的自给自足对世界粮食市场的稳定至关重要。

48. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?
  1. A.They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.
  2. B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.
  3. C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.
  4. D.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘crop improvement efforts’所在引述句 → 提取核心信息（focused on feeding animals and cars rather than... people） → 同义替换匹配选项D

考点：细节定位与捕捉指代与衔接

译文：题干：两所大学的新研究对近期作物改良工作有何评价？正确项：它们更侧重于增加动物饲料而非人类食物。

49. What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades?
  1. A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.
  2. B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.
  3. C.The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.
  4. D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘Food and Agriculture Organisation’所在段落 → 提取其观点（world will not have to dig up a lot more land） → 同义替换匹配选项D

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：联合国粮农组织对未来几十年世界粮食生产有何看法？正确项：世界将能够在不增加耕地的情况下养活其人口。

50. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?
  1. A.It is built on the findings of a new study.
  2. B.It is based on a doubtful assumption.
  3. C.It is backed by strong evidence.
  4. D.It is open to further discussion.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位作者对粮农组织观点的评价句（The trouble is that... assumes... which may not actually happen） → 推断作者态度（质疑其假设） → 匹配选项B

考点：观点态度推理判断

译文：题干：作者如何看待联合国粮农组织的论点？正确项：它建立在一个可疑的假设之上。

The endless debate about "work-life balance" often contains a hopeful footnote about stay-at-home dads. If American society and business won't make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children, there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full-time fathers will. But based on today's socioeconomic trends, this hope is, unfortunately, misguided. It's true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full-time parents has doubled in a decade, but it's still very small: only 0.8% of married couples where the stay-at-home father was out of the labor force for a year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision, even if only for a relatively short time. Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult. A study found that 85% of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few, it's a week or two at most. Meanwhile, the average for women who take leave is more than 10 weeks. Such choices impact who moves up in the organization. While you're away, someone else is doing your work, making your sales, taking care of your customers. That can't help you at work. It can only hurt you. Women, of course, face the same issues of returning after a long absence. But with many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families, returning from an extended parental leave doesn't raise as many eyebrows as it does for men. Women would make more if they didn't break their earning trajectory by leaving the workforce, or if higher-paying professions were more family-friendly. In the foreseeable future, stay-at-home fathers may make all the difference for individual families, but their presence won't reduce the numbers of high-potential women who are forced to choose between family and career.

51. What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work-life balance?
  1. A.More men taking an extended parental leave.
  2. B.People's changing attitudes towards family.
  3. C.More women entering business management.
  4. D.The improvement of their socioeconomic status.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位首段‘ray of hope’ → 识别其指代‘increasing numbers of full-time fathers’ → 同义替换为‘More men taking an extended parental leave’

考点：细节定位指代识别同义替换

译文：题干：是什么给了女性实现工作与生活平衡的一线希望？ 正确项A：更多男性休延长的育儿假。

52. Why does the author say the hope for more full-time fathers is misguided?
  1. A.Women are better at taking care of children.
  2. B.Many men value work more than their family.
  3. C.Their number is too small to make a difference.
  4. D.Not many men have the chance to stay at home.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘misguided’ → 向下寻找原因 → 提取‘still very small: only 0.8%’ → 同义替换为‘Their number is too small to make a difference’

考点：因果推理细节支撑同义替换

译文：题干：作者为什么说对更多全职父亲的希望是错误的？ 正确项C：他们的数量太少，无法产生影响。

53. Why do few men take a long parental leave?
  1. A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their career.
  2. B.They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work.
  3. C.The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear.
  4. D.They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too long.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘few men take a long parental leave’ → 向下寻找原因 → 提取‘Such choices impact who moves up... It can only hurt you’ → 推理出对职业发展的负面影响

考点：因果推理细节支撑语义概括

译文：题干：为什么很少有男性休很长的育儿假？ 正确项A：长期休假会对他们的职业产生负面影响。

54. What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?
  1. A.Jealousy.
  2. B.Surprise.
  3. C.Admiration.
  4. D.Sympathy.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位‘returning from an extended parental leave’ → 提取‘doesn't raise as many eyebrows as it does for men’ → 推理出对男性而言会‘raise eyebrows’（引起惊讶）

考点：语义推理对比理解习语解读

译文：题干：男性休完延长育儿假回来后，最可能的反应是什么？ 正确项B：惊讶。

55. What does the author say about high-potential women in the not-too-distant future?
  1. A.They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home.
  2. B.They will find high-paying professions a bit more family-friendly.
  3. C.They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family.
  4. D.They will still face the difficult choice between career and children.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘high-potential women’ → 提取末句‘won't reduce the numbers... forced to choose between family and career’ → 同义替换为‘still face the difficult choice’

考点：细节定位同义替换语义概括

译文：题干：作者对不久的将来高潜力女性有何看法？ 正确项D：她们仍将面临事业与家庭之间的艰难抉择。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

As is vividly shown in the four-panel cartoon titled "This modern life", a stick figure sits in front of a computer in every single frame. Whether he is working, staying at home, having fun or even sleeping, the screen never leaves him; in the last picture he is lying in bed, yet in his dream he is still glued to the monitor. Simple as it looks, the cartoon reveals a thought-provoking truth about our times. The computer, once merely a tool, has quietly taken over almost every corner of daily life, blurring the line between work, rest and entertainment. Many people can no longer imagine a single hour without a screen. Such heavy dependence may boost efficiency, but it also weakens face-to-face communication, harms our health and leaves little room for genuine relaxation. Therefore, we should learn to be the master of technology rather than its slave. By setting screen-free hours and returning to real life, we can enjoy the convenience of computers without being trapped by them.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。 中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济,并经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划,其中包括到 2020 年建成一个太空站。目前,中国是世界最大的出口国之一,并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时,它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011 年,中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Many of the elements that form the basis of the modern world originated in China. China now has the fastest-growing economy in the world and is experiencing a new industrial revolution. China has also launched an ambitious space exploration program, which includes building a space station by 2020. Currently, China is one of the largest exporters in the world, and it is attracting a large amount of foreign investment. Meanwhile, it also invests billions of dollars overseas. In 2011, China overtook Japan to become the second largest economy in the world.

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