2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2016 年 · 12月·第3套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soil were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations. On Sunday, the castle's owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out of his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river, according to the Scottish Daily Record. Abergeldie Castle, located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly. The castle, which is located on 11,700 acres, was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday. "This means that rivers will rise more slowly, but then stay high for much longer," the environmental agency said. after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river.

1. Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie Castle?
  1. A.It was dangerous to live in.
  2. B.It was going to be renovated.
  3. C.He could no longer pay the rent.
  4. D.He had sold it to the royal family.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位原因句 → 识别因果结构（after/because） → 同义替换（dangerously close to the river ↔ dangerous to live in） → 得出答案

考点：因果逻辑识别同义替换

译文：题干：为什么John Gordon搬出了Abergeldie城堡？正确项A：它住起来很危险。

2. What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?
  1. A.A strike.
  2. B.A storm.
  3. C.A forest fire.
  4. D.A terrorist attack.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位时间状语（last Wednesday） → 捕捉事件名词（Storm Frank） → 同义替换（storm） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：上周三苏格兰发生了什么？正确项B：一场风暴。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch, public information officer with Tompkins County's emergency response department. Emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio, and they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department's assistant director. Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available. The mine, along New York's Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States. The rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio. Louisiana Ohio below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York.

3. What does the news report say about the salt miners?
  1. A.They lost contact with the emergency department.
  2. B.They were trapped in an underground elevator.
  3. C.They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.
  4. D.They sent calls for help via a portable radio.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位矿工状态描述句 → 识别同义替换（stuck in an elevator below ground ↔ trapped in an underground elevator） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：新闻报道关于盐矿矿工说了什么？正确项B：他们被困在地下电梯里。

4. What did the rescue team do?
  1. A.They tried hard to repair the elevator.
  2. B.They released the details of the accident.
  3. C.They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.
  4. D.They provided the miners with food and water.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位救援行动句 → 识别具体动作（provide heat packs and blankets） → 同义替换（supplies to keep warm） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：救援队做了什么？正确项C：他们送去了保暖物资。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues. Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post offices is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually. "We are losing revenue as we speak," Donahoe said. "We do not want taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business you have to make choices." Dean Granholm, the vice president for delivery and post office operations, said the first wave of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs. offices over the next year because of falling revenues.

5. What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?
  1. A.Raise postage rates.
  2. B.Improve its services.
  3. C.Redesign delivery routes.
  4. D.Close some of its post offices.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位核心计划句（considering closing about 3,700 post offices） → 同义替换（close some of its post offices） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：美国邮政总局计划做什么？正确项D：关闭一些邮局。

6. What measure has been planned to save costs?
  1. A.Shortening business hours.
  2. B.Closing offices on holidays.
  3. C.Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.
  4. D.Computerizing mall sorting processes.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词'save costs' → 听到'stop mail delivery on Saturdays'与'save $3 billion annually'直接对应 → 选择C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：计划采取什么措施来节省成本？正确项：停止周六的邮件投递。

7. What will happen when the proposed measure comes into effect?
  1. A.Many post office staff will lose their jobs.
  2. B.Many people will begin to complain.
  3. C.Taxpayers will be very pleased.
  4. D.A lot of controversy will arise. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词'proposed measure'（指周六停投邮件） → 听到'about 3,000 postmasters... could lose their jobs' → 选择A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：当提议的措施生效时会发生什么？正确项：许多邮政员工将失去工作。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Mrs. Hampton, we've got trouble in the press room this morning.

8. What will happen to the press operator who was late for work according to the woman?
  1. A.He will be kept from promotion.
  2. B.He will go through retraining.
  3. C.He will be given a warning.
  4. D.He will lose part of his pay.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词'late for work' → 听到女士说'He will simply lose part of his pay' → 选择D

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据女士的说法，迟到的印刷操作工会怎样？正确项：他将被扣除部分工资。

9. What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock?
  1. A.He is always on time.
  2. B.He is a trustworthy guy.
  3. C.He is an experienced press operator.
  4. D.He is on good terms with his workmates.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词'John' → 听到女士问'Is John reliable?'，男士答'Yes, he is' → 选择B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对站在打卡钟旁的约翰有什么评价？正确项：他是一个值得信赖的人。

10. Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late?
  1. A.She is a trade union representative.
  2. B.She is in charge of public relations.
  3. C.She is a senior manager of the shop.
  4. D.She is better at handling such matters.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词'see the worker' → 听到男士说'because you are so much better at handling things like this' → 选择D

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士为什么建议女士去见那个迟到的工人？正确项：她更擅长处理这类事情。

11. What does the woman say about Jack Green?
  1. A.He is skilled and experienced.
  2. B.He is very close to the manager.
  3. C.He is always trying to stir up trouble.
  4. D.He is always complaining about low wages.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士对Jack Green的评价 → 识别‘stirring things up’与‘make trouble’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士对杰克·格林有何评价？正确项：他总是试图制造麻烦。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Our topic today is about something that foreigners nearly always say when they visit Britain. It's "Why are the British so cold?" And they're talking about the British personality—the famous British "reserve". It means that we aren't very friendly... we aren't very open. M: So do you think it's true? W: It's a difficult one. So many people who visit Britain say it's difficult to make friends with British people. They say we're cold, reserved, unfriendly... M: I think it's true. Look at Americans or Australians. They speak the same language, but they're much more open. And you see it when you travel. People—I mean strangers—speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train, or the bus. Not in London, anyway. W: "Not in London". That's it. Capital cities are full of tourists and are never friendly. People are different in other parts of the country.

12. What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the woman?
  1. A.Open.
  2. B.Friendly.
  3. C.Selfish.
  4. D.Reserved.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士对外国人看法的描述 → 识别‘reserve’与‘reserved’的词性转换与同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位词性转换同义替换

译文：题干：根据女士的说法，外国人通常对英国人有何看法？正确项：他们很矜持/保守。

13. What may British people typically do on a train according to the man?
  1. A.They stay quiet.
  2. B.They read a book.
  3. C.They talk about the weather.
  4. D.They chat with fellow passengers.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士关于英国人在火车上行为的描述 → 识别‘seldom speak’与‘stay quiet’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，英国人在火车上通常会做什么？正确项：他们保持安静。

14. What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester?
  1. A.She was always treated as a foreigner.
  2. B.She was eager to visit an English castle.
  3. C.She was never invited to a colleague's home.
  4. D.She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士讲述的意大利女士事例 → 识别‘no one...had ever invited her to their home’与‘never invited’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对在曼彻斯特工作的意大利女士有何描述？正确项：她从未被同事邀请到家中做客。

15. Why do British people prefer houses to flats?
  1. A.Houses are much more quiet.
  2. B.Houses provide more privacy.
  3. C.They want to have more space.
  4. D.They want a garden of their own. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士关于住房偏好的解释 → 识别‘It’s about being private’与‘provide more privacy’的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换因果推理

译文：题干：为什么英国人更喜欢房子而不是公寓？正确项：房子提供更多隐私。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In college, time is scarce, and consequently, very precious. At the same time, expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly. A part-time job is a good way to balance costs while ensuring there is enough time left over for both academic subjects and after-class activities. If you are a college student looking for a part-time job, the best place to start your job search is right on campus. There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you'll automatically be given hiring priority. Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way to connect with academic and professional resources at your university. Check with your school's careers service or employment office for help to find a campus job. Of course, there are opportunities for part- time work off-campus, too. If you spend a little time digging for the right part-time jobs, you'll save yourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get your school work done, too. If you are a college student looking for work but worried you won't have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider working as a study hall or library monitor. Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. It's a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime—which means you'll have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam. hiring priority.

16. What does the speaker say about college students applying for on-campus jobs?
  1. A.They don't have much choice of jobs.
  2. B.They are likely to get much higher pay.
  3. C.They don't have to go through job interviews.
  4. D.They will automatically be given hiring priority.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位关键词 'hiring priority' → 听到 'you'll automatically be given hiring priority' → 直接匹配选项D

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于大学生申请校内工作，说话者说了什么？正确项：他们将自动获得优先录用权。

17. What can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker?
  1. A.Ask their professors for help.
  2. B.Look at school bulletin boards.
  3. C.Visit the school careers service.
  4. D.Go through campus newspapers.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键词 'find a campus job' → 听到 'Check with your school's careers service' → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据说话者，学生如何找到校内工作？正确项：访问学校就业服务中心。

18. What does the speaker say is a library monitor's responsibility?
  1. A.Helping students find the books and journals they need.
  2. B.Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.
  3. C.Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.
  4. D.Providing students with information about the library.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关键词 'library monitor' → 听到 'supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained' → 直接匹配选项B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者说图书馆管理员的职责是什么？正确项：监督学习空间以确保安静氛围。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Agricultural workers in green tea fields near Mt. Kenya are gathering the tea leaves. It is beautiful to see. The rows of tea bushes are straight. All appears to be well. But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried. Nelson Kibara is one of them. He has been growing tea in the Kerugoya area for 40 years. He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit. He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive. Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya. Its leaves are purple and brown. When the tea is boiled, the drink has a purple color. Medical researchers have studied the health benefits of the new tea. They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea. But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop. He says the market for the tea is unstable. And he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves. He says there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea. higher than the price of green tea. It may be sold at a higher price. It is easier to grow.

19. Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea?
  1. A.It tastes better.
  2. B.It is easier to grow.
  3. C.It may be sold at a higher price.
  4. D.It can better survive extreme weathers.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关键词 'purple tea' → 听到 'could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher' → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：为什么肯尼亚茶农决定种植紫茶？正确项：它可能以更高的价格出售。

20. What do researchers say about purple tea?
  1. A.It is healthier than green tea.
  2. B.It can grow in drier soil.
  3. C.It will replace green tea one day.
  4. D.It is immune to various diseases.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关键词 'researchers' → 听到 'They say it is healthier than green tea' → 直接匹配选项A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：研究人员对紫茶有什么评价？正确项：它比绿茶更健康。

21. What has Mr. Kibara found about purple tea?
  1. A.It has been well received by many tea drinkers.
  2. B.It does not bring the promised health benefits.
  3. C.It has made tea farmers' life easier.
  4. D.It does not have a stable market.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位到录音末段关于市场状况的描述 → 提取‘market is unstable’与‘not enough buyers’ → 同义替换为‘does not have a stable market’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Kibara先生发现了关于紫茶的什么情况？正确项：它的市场不稳定。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Today's consumers want beautiful handcrafted objects to wear and to have for their home environment. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsmen today are meeting this demand. People and homes are showing great change as more and more unique handcrafted items become available. Handicrafts are big business. No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night. He has earned his professional status. He is now a respected member of society. Part of the fun of being a craftsman is meeting other craftsmen. They love to share their ideas and materials and help others find markets for their work. Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices. They help them become aware of design and technique. They help them relate their choice to its intended use. They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves. When a group of craftsmen expands to include more members, a small craft organization is formed. Such an organization does a lot in training workshops in special media, crafts marketing techniques, crafts fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations. State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts, but they also use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.

22. What does the speaker say about today's consumers?
  1. A.They need decorations to show their status.
  2. B.They prefer unique objects of high quality.
  3. C.They decorate their homes themselves.
  4. D.They care more about environment.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到录音首段关于消费者偏好的描述 → 提取‘prefer something unique and they demand quality’ → 同义替换为‘prefer unique objects of high quality’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：说话者对当今消费者有何描述？正确项：他们偏好高质量的独特物品。

23. What does the speaker say about good craftsmen in the past?
  1. A.They were proud of their creations.
  2. B.They could only try to create at night.
  3. C.They made great contributions to society.
  4. D.They focused on the quality of their products.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到录音第二段关于过去工匠的描述 → 提取‘No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night’ → 推理出过去他们只能在晚上尝试创作

考点：细节定位逻辑推理

译文：题干：说话者对过去优秀工匠有何描述？正确项：他们只能在晚上尝试创作。

24. What do craftsmen help consumers do?
  1. A.Make wise choices.
  2. B.Identify fake crafts.
  3. C.Design handicrafts themselves.
  4. D.Learn the importance of creation.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到录音第三段关于工匠帮助消费者的描述 → 提取‘Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices’ → 直接对应选项A

考点：细节定位直接对应

译文：题干：工匠帮助消费者做什么？正确项：做出明智的选择。

25. Why do state art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?
  1. A.To boost the local economy.
  2. B.To attract foreign investments.
  3. C.To arouse public interest in crafts.
  4. D.To preserve the traditional culture.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到录音末段关于州艺术委员会赞助节日的描述 → 提取‘This boosts the local economy considerably’ → 同义替换为‘To boost the local economy’

考点：细节定位因果推理

译文：题干：为什么州艺术委员会帮助赞助当地艺术和手工艺节？正确项：为了促进当地经济。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

Questions [26] to [35] are based on the following passage. When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense. But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes, animal fighting, things [26] work out that way. Dog-fighting victims are [27] and killed for profit and "sport," yet their criminal abusers often receive a [28] sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation . Some progress has been made in the prosecution of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they [29] penalties, and in the case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely [30] . The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which [31] these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in the right [32] but we'd like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines. Along with this effort, we're working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to [33] anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal [34] that care for animal fighting victims. This help is [35] important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from getting involved in cruelty cases in the first place.

A. convenientB. createsC. criticallyD. determineE. directionF. hesitateG. inadequateH. inspiredI. methodJ. minimalK. rarelyL. sheltersM. strengthenN. sufferingsO. tortured

参考答案与解析

答案：26-K　27-O　28-J　29-D　30-G　31-B　32-E　33-M　34-L　35-C

解析：26 空 根据转折连词But与前文hope的对比 → 推断此处需表达‘事情并非如此发展’ → 选择表示否定的副词do
27 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析并列结构与语境（与killed并列，描述受害者遭遇） → 选择与‘killed’构成并列且符合‘为利润和‘运动’而被...’语境的动词
28 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑（转折词yet）与语义对比（cruel crimes vs. sentence） → 选择表示“轻微”的形容词
29 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句子主语（联邦法官）与宾语（惩罚）的逻辑关系 → 识别动词搭配（法官‘制定’或‘宣布’惩罚） → 从选项中选择符合语境与搭配的动词
30 空 定位空格前主语 'things' 与后文 'work out' → 结合转折词 'But' 与语境（残酷犯罪与惩罚不匹配）→ 推断需填入表示 '通常不' 的副词 → 匹配选项 G (often) 的语义与搭配
31 空 定位空格前主语 'The U.S. Sentencing Commission' 与后文 'these sentencing guidelines' → 结合定语从句 'which ... these sentencing guidelines' → 推断需填入表示 '制定/发布' 的动词 → 匹配选项 B (issues) 的语义与搭配
32 空 定位空格前固定搭配 'in the right ...' → 结合语境 'a step in the right ...' → 推断需填入表示 '方向' 的名词 → 匹配选项 E (direction) 的语义与固定搭配
33 空 定位空格前 'working with ... to ...' 与后文 'anti-cruelty laws' → 结合语境 'across the country' → 推断需填入表示 '制定/通过' 法律的动词 → 匹配选项 M (pass) 的语义与搭配
34 空 定位空格前 'overburdened animal ...' 与后文 'that care for animal fighting victims' → 结合语境 'supporting laws and policies that assist' → 推断需填入表示 '收容所/机构' 的名词 → 匹配选项 L (shelters) 的语义与搭配
35 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析句内逻辑关系（因果）与搭配 → 选择表示‘至关重要’的副词

考点：转折逻辑语境选词强调否定动词辨析并列结构近义词辨析动词搭配动词搭配 take on固定搭配副词修饰形容词因果逻辑衔接

译文：题干：但当涉及到最残忍的犯罪之一——动物格斗时，事情（26）并非如此发展。正确项：do（强调否定）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AWhat motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.
BIncreasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be known as "gamification": essentially, turning work into a game. "Gamification is about understanding what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience in games, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace and education," explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.
CIt might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could also mean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies from Google to L'Oréal to IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020.
DThe concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachers have long looked for fun ways to engage people's reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been "gamifying" its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of- the-century steel magnate Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.
EBut the word "gamification" and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation now entering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. "We are at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing video games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too," Werbach says.
FA number of companies have sprung up—GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville, to name a few—in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effective turn employees' ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. "What makes a game-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome," Werbach says. "The principle is about understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understanding of psychology."
GSome people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition. Sales people often fall into this category. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a competition with other team members, complete with a digital leader board showing who is winning at all times. Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boost employees' morale . When employees log in to their computers, they're shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person's name.
HGamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed a gamification strategy for a sales training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed "storm chaser teams" and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards. "Rewards do not have to be stuff," Cornetti says. "Rewards can be flexible working hours." Another training, this one for payroll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theme. "Snow White" is available for everyone to use, but the "dwarfs" are still under copyright, so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific payroll law principles.
ISome people do not take naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti says. In her experience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering do not tend to like the sound of the word. "If we are designing for engineers, I'm not talking about a 'game' at all," Cornetti says. "I'm talking about a 'simulation'( ), I'm talking about 'being able to solve this problem.'"
JGamification is "not a magic bullet," Werbach warns. A gamification strategy that is not sufficiently thought through or well tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but it will not motivate people in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used with vulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large digital leader boards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another. Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began to stop taking bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the board as a "digital whip." "It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance," Werbach says.
KStill, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, "as more and more people come into the workforce who are familiar with the structures and expressions of digital games." "We are far from reaching the peak," Cornetti agrees. "There is no reason this will go away."
1. Some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same. （C）
2. Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results. （J）
3. To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow workers when starting their computers. （G）
4. The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago. （D）
5. There is reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay. （K）
6. Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification. （E）
7. When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting. （B）
8. Gamification in employee training does not always need technology. （H）
9. The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences. （F）
10. It is necessary to use terms other than "gamification" for some profession. （I）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-C　2-J　3-G　4-D　5-K　6-E　7-B　8-H　9-F　10-I

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'famous companies' 'using gamification' → 在段落C中找到具体公司列表（Google, L'Oréal, IBM, Wells Fargo）及 'more and more companies are joining them' → 同义替换得出答案C
37. 定位题干核心观点 'not a miracle cure' 'negative results' → 在语篇中寻找关于游戏化局限性或负面效果的论述 → 语篇未提供此信息，需推断其为未提及项
38. 定位题干具体行为 'asks its employees to identify their fellow workers when starting their computers' → 在语篇中寻找匹配的具体公司实践 → 语篇未提供此具体案例，需识别为未提及项
39. 定位题干时间线索 'more than a century ago' → 在段落D中找到 'not entirely new' 以及 'more than 100 years' 的具体例子（Cracker Jacks） → 同义替换得出答案D
40. 定位题干推断性表述 'reason to believe' 'here to stay' → 在语篇中寻找支持游戏化将持续发展的证据 → 段落C提供市场增长预测（从16.5亿增至111亿美元）作为推断依据 → 得出答案K
41. 定位题干关键词 'video games' → 在段落[D]中找到 'video game platforms' 作为游戏化应用实例 → 该段落提及游戏化概念的历史与早期应用，但未明确说明电子游戏是其广泛应用的原因 → 需结合全文推断电子游戏作为现代技术载体，其平台被用于培训（段落[C]），从而推动了游戏化在工作场所的普及 → 选项[E]提及游戏化概念的历史渊源，与电子游戏作为现代推动力的逻辑相符
42. 定位题干关键词 'understand what makes games interesting' → 在段落[B]中找到同义替换 'understanding what it is that makes games engaging' → 该段落直接引用专家定义，明确指出游戏化的核心是理解游戏吸引人的原因 → 选项[B]与此定义完全匹配
43. 定位题干关键词 'employee training' 和 'does not always need technology' → 在段落[D]中找到历史案例 'Cracker Jacks' 和 'Charles Schwab'，这些是前数字时代的非技术性游戏化实践 → 该段落说明游戏化概念早于现代技术，因此员工培训中的游戏化不一定需要技术 → 选项[H]提及游戏化概念的历史，与此逻辑相符
44. 定位题干关键词 'most successful gamification platforms' 和 'transform daily work assignments into fun experiences' → 在段落[B]中找到同义替换 'taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace' 以及 'create a great experience' → 该段落描述游戏化的核心是将游戏设计经验应用于工作场所创造良好体验 → 选项[F]与此描述相符
45. 定位题干关键词 'use terms other than gamification' 和 'some profession' → 在语篇中寻找关于术语替代或特定职业需求的讨论 → 提供的语篇片段（A-D）未直接提及此内容，但根据题目设置，正确项[I]应包含相关信息 → 需推断该信息可能存在于未提供的后续段落中，但根据题型逻辑，选项[I]是唯一可能匹配的

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断未提及项识别时间线索匹配数据支撑推断逻辑推断

译文：题干：一些著名公司已经在使用游戏化，更多公司正尝试效仿。正确项C：从谷歌到欧莱雅再到IBM和富国银行等公司，都以某种形式在其工作场所使用游戏化。而且越来越多的公司正在加入它们。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere. It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve" problems— real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired—not to teach but to hold meetings—has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house( ) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems—class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being—might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic( ) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers must be free to teach in their own way—the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.

46. What does the author say about present-day universities?
  1. A.They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.
  2. B.They often fail to combine teaching with research.
  3. C.They are over-burdened with administrative staff.
  4. D.They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段对大学现状的描述 → 提取‘行政人员增加’与‘教学问题加深’的对比 → 推断出行政负担过重

考点：细节定位对比推理

译文：题干：作者对当今大学有何评价？正确项：它们被行政人员过度负担。

47. According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?
  1. A.Good classroom teachers.
  2. B.Efficient administrators.
  3. C.Talented researchers.
  4. D.Motivated students.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位作者提出的核心建议 → 提取‘用优秀教师替代行政人员’ → 推断大学最缺乏的是优秀教师

考点：主旨归纳建议推断

译文：题干：根据作者，大学最缺乏什么样的人？正确项：优秀的课堂教师。

48. What does the author imply about the classes at present?
  1. A.They facilitate students' independent learning.
  2. B.They help students form closer relationships.
  3. C.They have more older students than before.
  4. D.They are much bigger than is desirable.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位作者对班级规模的描述 → 提取‘回到20人或更少’的期望 → 推断当前班级规模过大

考点：细节推理对比暗示

译文：题干：作者对当前班级有何暗示？正确项：它们比理想情况大得多。

49. What does the author think of teaching ability?
  1. A.It requires talent and practice.
  2. B.It is closely related to research.
  3. C.It is a chief factor affecting students' learning.
  4. D.It can be acquired through persistent practice.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位作者对教学能力的直接论述 → 提取‘教学是艺术与手艺，需要天赋与实践’ → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者如何看待教学能力？正确项：它需要天赋和实践。

50. What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching?
  1. A.Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.
  2. B.Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.
  3. C.Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.
  4. D.Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位作者提出的具体建议 → 提取‘用教师替代行政人员’与‘允许他们以自己的方式教学’ → 匹配选项

考点：主旨归纳建议细节

译文：题干：作者对改进大学教学有何建议？正确项：雇佣更多课堂教师并允许他们以自己的方式教学。

The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago—by McDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does. The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food item. They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a half-sized portion when combined with a prize. Both options were priced the same. Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion. One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket , with a $10, $50 or $100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less. "The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting," says Reimann. He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that makes them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds included. "One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking than certainty awards," says Reimann. "The uncertainty of winning provides added attraction and desirability through emotional 'thrills.' The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of hope—a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding." In other words, there's a reason why people like to gamble. How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily? One possibility is a healthy option that offers the chance to win a spa weekend. Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date. That would get you back in the restaurant—and make you eat a little less.

51. What do we learn about McDonald's inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?
  1. A.It may shed light on people's desire to crack a secret.
  2. B.It has proved to be key to McDonald's business success.
  3. C.It appeals to kid's curiosity to find out what is hidden inside.
  4. D.It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首段关于麦当劳玩具的描述 → 提取其作为非食物奖励能刺激大脑奖励中心 → 推断其对减少食物摄入的积极影响 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断

译文：题干：我们从麦当劳在开心乐园餐中加入玩具这件事能了解到什么？正确项D：这可能是孩子们减少食物摄入的一种愉快方式。

52. What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?
  1. A.Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald's more.
  2. B.Most kids and adults don't actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.
  3. C.Eating a smaller portion of food does good to the health of kids and adults alike.
  4. D.Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究者进行实验的目的与发现 → 提取“大多数孩子和成人在搭配奖品时会选择半份餐”这一核心发现 → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Martin Reimann领导的研究人员的发现是什么？正确项D：大多数孩子和成人都会选择搭配了奖品的较小份餐食。

53. What is most interesting in Martin Reimann's finding?
  1. A.Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.
  2. B.Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.
  3. C.Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.
  4. D.Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位“Even more interesting is...”这一信号句 → 提取“对未来的奖品承诺足以让成年人选择较小份”这一信息 → 匹配选项

考点：信号词捕捉细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Martin Reimann的发现中最有趣的是什么？正确项B：成年人仅仅因为对未来奖品的承诺就选择了较小份。

54. How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?
  1. A.The emotional component of the prizes is at work.
  2. B.People now care more about quality than quantity.
  3. C.People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.
  4. D.The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Reimann的理论解释部分 → 提取“是这些无形奖品的情感成分使其有效” → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Martin Reimann如何解释他的发现？正确项A：奖品的情感成分在起作用。

55. What can we infer from Martin Reimann's finding?
  1. A.People should eat much less if they wish to stay healthy and happy.
  2. B.More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald's example.
  3. C.We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.
  4. D.More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：综合全文关于奖品减少进食的研究发现 → 推断其潜在应用价值 → 匹配选项

考点：推理判断综合推断

译文：题干：从Martin Reimann的发现中我们可以推断出什么？正确项C：我们可以引导人们吃得更少，同时帮助餐厅吸引顾客。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

When faced with the choice between a state-owned business and a joint venture upon graduation, I would firmly choose the latter. For me, a joint venture is where my abilities can be truly tested and rewarded. The first reason lies in career development. Unlike a state-owned business, where promotion often depends on seniority, a joint venture usually rewards employees on the basis of performance, which means a hard-working newcomer like me can rise quickly. Besides, working with foreign partners exposes me to advanced management skills and a global vision, both of which are invaluable to a fresh graduate. What matters most to me, moreover, is the dynamic culture: instead of a fixed routine, a joint venture encourages initiative and innovation, allowing me to realize my personal value. Admittedly, a state-owned business offers greater stability, yet stability is not what I pursue at this stage. Therefore, I am convinced that a joint venture is the wiser choice for my future.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

在中国文化中,黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色,因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中,它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时,黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色,皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色,皇袍总是黄色的,而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国,黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时,田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈,庆祝丰收。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

In Chinese culture, yellow is an important color because it has unique symbolic meanings. In feudal society, it symbolized the power and authority of the rulers. At that time, yellow was the color that was used exclusively by the emperor; the royal palaces were all painted yellow, and the imperial robe was always yellow, while ordinary people were forbidden to wear yellow clothes. In China, yellow is also a symbol of harvest. When the crops ripen in autumn, the fields turn golden. People celebrate the harvest with great joy.

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