2017年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2017年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2017 年 · 12月·第3套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2017年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother, Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. "She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them." That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each. Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!" heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July.

1. Who did Addison raise the money for?
  1. A.Her grandfather.
  2. B.Her grandmother.
  3. C.Her friend Erika.
  4. D.Her little brother.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'raise the money for' → 听到 'for her little brother' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位目的状语

译文：题干：Addison为谁筹集了这笔钱？正确项：她的小弟弟。

2. How did Addison raise the money?
  1. A.By taking pictures for passers-by.
  2. B.By selling lemonade and pictures.
  3. C.By working part time at a hospital.
  4. D.By asking for help on social media.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'How' → 听到 'sell lemonade... and sell pictures' → 同义替换为 'selling lemonade and pictures' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Addison是如何筹集这笔钱的？正确项：通过卖柠檬水和画。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. Called "the Ward Way," the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of the existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. France is the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways. panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.

3. What was France's purpose of constructing the Ward Way?
  1. A.Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.
  2. B.Providing clean energy to five million people.
  3. C.Generating electric power for passing vehicles.
  4. D.Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'purpose' → 听到 'with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people' → 同义替换为 'Providing clean energy to five million people' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：法国修建Ward Way的目的是什么？正确项：为五百万人提供清洁能源。

4. What is special about the solar panels used in the Ward Way?
  1. A.They are made from cheap materials.
  2. B.They are only about half an inch thick.
  3. C.They can be laid right on top of existing highways.
  4. D.They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'special' → 听到 'this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads' → 同义替换为 'They can be laid right on top of existing highways' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Ward Way使用的太阳能板有什么特别之处？正确项：它们可以直接铺设在现有的高速公路上。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting with hard evidence the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University's Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.

5. What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?
  1. A.The lack of clues about the species.
  2. B.Inadequate funding for research.
  3. C.Endless fighting in the region.
  4. D.The hazards from the desert.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'difficult to survey' → 听到 'Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult' → 同义替换为 'Endless fighting in the region' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：是什么使得在苏丹和埃塞俄比亚偏远地区调查狮子变得困难？正确项：该地区持续不断的战斗。

6. What was the main purpose of the research?
  1. A.To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.
  2. B.To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
  3. C.To identify the reasons for the lions' disappearance.
  4. D.To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究目的 → 识别核心动词短语 'documenting with hard evidence the discovery' → 同义替换为 'find evidence of the existence'

考点：主旨大意细节定位

译文：题干：这项研究的主要目的是什么？正确项：寻找'失踪狮子'存在的证据。

7. What did the researchers find in the national park?
  1. A.Lions' tracks.
  2. B.Lions walking.
  3. C.Some camping facilities.
  4. D.Traps set by local hunters. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位研究发现 → 识别具体成果 'capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks' → 辨析选项与原文细节的对应关系

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：研究人员在国家公园发现了什么？正确项：狮子的踪迹。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: I bet you're looking forward to the end of this month, aren't you? W: Yes, I am. How did you know? M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.

8. What is the woman looking forward to?
  1. A.A special gift from the man.
  2. B.Her wedding anniversary.
  3. C.A call from her dad.
  4. D.Her 'lucky birthday'.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士期待的事物 → 识别关键句 'This year would be my golden birthday' → 同义替换为 'lucky birthday'

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：女士期待什么？正确项：她的'幸运生日'。

9. What did the woman's parents do on her sister's lucky birthday?
  1. A.Threw her a surprise party.
  2. B.Took her on a trip overseas.
  3. C.Bought her a gold necklace.
  4. D.Gave her a big model plane.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士姐姐的幸运生日 → 识别具体事件 'my parents did throw her a surprise party that year' → 直接匹配选项

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士的父母在她姐姐的幸运生日做了什么？正确项：为她举办了一个惊喜派对。

10. What is the woman eager to find out about?
  1. A.What her husband and the man are up to.
  2. B.What has been troubling her husband.
  3. C.The trip her husband has planned.
  4. D.The gift her husband has bought.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士急切想知道的事 → 识别关键句 'I'm dying to know what kind of trip he has planned' → 同义替换为 'eager to find out'

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：女士急切地想了解什么？正确项：她丈夫计划的旅行。

11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation?
  1. A.He wants to find out about the couple's holiday plan.
  2. B.He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.
  3. C.He will tell the woman the secret if her husband agrees.
  4. D.He will be glad to be a guide for the couple's holiday trip.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话结尾男士最后一句 → 识别 'can't wait to hear all about it when you get back' 的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：对话结束时男士说了什么？正确项：他渴望了解这对夫妇的假期结果如何。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Mr. Green, What do you think makes a successful negotiator?

12. What does the man say about good negotiators?
  1. A.They take the rival's attitude into account.
  2. B.They know when to adopt a tough attitude.
  3. C.They see the importance of making compromises.
  4. D.They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士描述成功谈判者特征的段落 → 匹配 'sensitive to the dynamics in the negotiation' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原词复现

译文：题干：男士对优秀谈判者有何评价？正确项：他们对谈判的动态变化很敏感。

13. What does the man say, maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?
  1. A.They know when to stop.
  2. B.They know how to adapt.
  3. C.They know when to make compromises.
  4. D.They know how to control their emotion.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士列举特征后强调 'perhaps most importantly' 的句子 → 匹配 'they know when to stop' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信号词捕捉

译文：题干：男士认为对成功谈判者来说最重要的事是什么？正确项：他们知道何时该停止。

14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?
  1. A.They are patient.
  2. B.They learn quickly.
  3. C.They are good at expression.
  4. D.They uphold their principles.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士对比优秀与糟糕谈判者的段落 → 匹配 'Good negotiators learn fast' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位对比推理

译文：题干：优秀谈判者与糟糕谈判者有何不同？正确项：他们学得快。

15. What's the first stage of a negation according to the man?
  1. A.Clarify items of negotiation.
  2. B.Make clear one's intentions.
  3. C.Get to know the other side.
  4. D.Formulate one's strategy. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士描述谈判六个步骤的段落 → 匹配第一步 'get to know the other side' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位顺序识别

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，谈判的第一步是什么？正确项：了解对方。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually, space technology helps people on earth every day. This is called "spin-off technology." Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts' use in space. The cordless hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially-made coats and jackets. All these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future. spend millions of dollars on space projects.

16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?
  1. A.How space research benefits people on Earth.
  2. B.When the International Space Station was built.
  3. C.How many space shuttle missions there will be.
  4. D.When America's earliest space program started.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'want to know' → 听到 'They want to know how space research helps people on Earth' → 同义替换 'helps' 为 'benefits' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于太空探索，有些人想知道什么？正确项：太空研究如何造福地球上的人们。

17. What did scientists do for the space shuttle missions?
  1. A.They tried to make best use of the latest technology.
  2. B.They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.
  3. C.They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.
  4. D.They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'space shuttle missions' → 听到 'in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space' → 概括 'on the moon and in space' 为 'outer space' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位概括同义替换

译文：题干：科学家为航天飞机任务做了什么？正确项：他们为宇航员开发了在外太空使用的物品。

18. What does the speaker say about the quartz crystal clocks and watches?
  1. A.They are expensive to make.
  2. B.They are extremely accurate.
  3. C.They were first made in space.
  4. D.They were invented in the 1970s.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'quartz crystal clocks and watches' → 听到 'we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year' → 提取核心特征 'accurate' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位特征提取

译文：题干：关于石英水晶钟表，说话者说了什么？正确项：它们极其精确。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Well, if I could go back in history and live, I'd like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today's supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I'm very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework. in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something.

19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?
  1. A.Everything was natural and genuine then.
  2. B.People had plenty of land to cultivate then.
  3. C.It marked the beginning of something new.
  4. D.It was when her ancestors came to America.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'go back' → 听到 'I'd like to go back to the 18th century... because it was the beginning of something' → 提取原因 'the beginning of something' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原因提取

译文：题干：为什么说话者说她想回到18世纪的美国生活？正确项：因为它标志着新事物的开始。

20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?
  1. A.They were known to be creative.
  2. B.They enjoyed living a life of ease.
  3. C.They had all kinds of entertainment.
  4. D.They believed in working for goals.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'Puritans' → 听到 'they believed in working for something, working for goals' → 提取核心信念 'working for goals' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位观点提取

译文：题干：关于清教徒，说话者说了什么？正确项：他们相信为实现目标而工作。

21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?
  1. A.Chatting with her ancestors.
  2. B.Doing needlework by the fire.
  3. C.Furnishing her country house.
  4. D.Polishing all the silver work.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位说话者对过去生活的具体描述 → 识别其个人偏好 → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：如果她能回到过去，说话者喜欢做什么？ 正确项：在火炉旁做针线活。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you're lost, sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree, and recite something you have memorized to bring your mind to a point where it is under control. Don't run blindly. If you must move, don't follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case you're not lost. Streams normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel it's wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you're much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland or in dense growth, you're very hard to spot. Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you're going and when you're expected to return. Also when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them. something you have memorized to bring your mind to a point where it is under control.

22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?
  1. A.Sit down and try to calm yourself.
  2. B.Call your family or friends for help.
  3. C.Use a map to identify your location.
  4. D.Try to follow your footprints back.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位建议的第一步 → 识别同义替换（bring your mind to a point where it is under control ↔ calm yourself） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：如果你在树林里迷路了，说话者建议你首先做什么？ 正确项：坐下并试图让自己冷静下来。

23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?
  1. A.You may end up entering a wonderland.
  2. B.You may get drowned in a sudden flood.
  3. C.You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
  4. D.You may find a way out without your knowing it.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定���关于跟随未知溪流的描述 → 识别其后果（进入湿地，有野生动物、毒蛇等危险） → 概括为‘暴露于意外危险’

考点：细节定位概括推理

译文：题干：如果你在树林里跟随一条未知的溪流，会发生什么？ 正确项：你可能会暴露于意外的危险之中。

24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you're lost in the woods?
  1. A.Wait patiently.
  2. B.Look for food.
  3. C.Start a fire.
  4. D.Walk uphill.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位专家建议（Many experts feel it's wisest to...） → 直接匹配选项

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：许多专家认为，如果你在树林里迷路了，最明智的做法是什么？ 正确项：向上走。

25. What should you do before you go into the woods?
  1. A.Check the local weather.
  2. B.Find a map and a compass.
  3. C.Prepare enough food and drink.
  4. D.Inform somebody of your plan.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位进入树林前的建议（Anytime you go into the woods...） → 识别同义替换（somebody should know ↔ Inform somebody） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在你进入树林之前，应该做什么？ 正确项：告知某人你的计划。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

We all know there exists a great void in the public educational system when it comes to [26] to STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all [27] of the public educational system. She said, "I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to [28] my own kids in." She decided to start an afterschool program where children [29] in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state [30] , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and [31] it. The global business EFK was born. Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to [32] recreation centers. Today, the EFK program [33] over 144 branches in [32] states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, "Our nation is not [34] enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great [35] ."

A. attractedB. careerC. championshipsD. degreesE. developingF. enrollG. exposureH. feasibleI. feedingJ. graduatingK. interestL. levelsM. localN. operatesO. participated

参考答案与解析

答案：26-G　27-L　28-F　29-O　30-C　31-E　32-M　33-N　34-J　35-B

解析：26 空 定位空格前介词 'to' → 分析语境 'void... when it comes to' → 识别固定搭配 'access to' → 得出答案
27 空 定位空格前 'at all' → 分析语境 'void in quality STEM education' → 识别固定表达 'at all levels' → 得出答案
28 空 定位空格后介词 'in' → 分析语境 'programs to ___ my own kids in' → 识别固定搭配 'engage sb. in' → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格后 'in STEM-based competitions' → 分析语境 'children ___ in competitions' → 识别动词 'participate' → 得出答案
30 空 定位空格前 'won several state' → 分析语境 'kids won' → 识别名词 'awards' → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格前后的动词不定式结构 → 分析动词与介词 'in' 的搭配 → 结合语境 'programs to ___ my own kids in' 选择表示 '参与' 的动词
32 空 定位空格前的动词 'expanded to' → 分析扩张的对象 'recreation centers' → 结合后文 'over 144 branches' 推断扩张的规模
33 空 定位空格前的主语 'the EFK program' 和时间状语 'Today' → 分析谓语动词的时态和语态 → 结合宾语 'over 144 branches' 选择表示 '拥有/覆盖' 的动词
34 空 定位空格前的 'Our nation is not' 和空格后的 'enough engineers' → 分析形容词与 'engineers' 的搭配 → 结合语境 'not ___ enough' 选择表示 '培养/产生' 的动词的现在分词形式
35 空 定位空格前的 'engineering is a great' → 分析形容词 'great' 修饰的名词 → 结合语境 'inspire kids... to understand' 选择表示 '职业/事业' 的名词

考点：固定搭配 access to语境选词固定表达 at all levels固定搭配 engage sb. in动词 participate in名词 awards动词搭配 take on时态与语态动词搭配熟词僻义

译文：题干：我们都知道，公立教育系统在STEM课程的______方面存在巨大空白。正确项：access（获取/接触）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

A"You suspended Ray Rice after our video," a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. "Why didn't you have the curiosity to go to the casino( ) yourself?" The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.
BThe accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. "I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity," said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.
CThe implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?
DThe journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Fate Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is 'Yes.' Leslie argues that curiosity is a much- overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.
EWe are suffering, he writes, from a "serendipity deficit." The word "serendipity" was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of," Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.
FWhy is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.
GLeslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.
HMoreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place." Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers."
IIndeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping body( ). He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfect search engine" will "understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want." Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether."
JSomewhat nostalgically , he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: "One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment." If only!
KCiting the work of psychologists and cognitive scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone."
LSchool education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.
MAlthough Leslie's book isn't about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.
NHe presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after- effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, "wasn't absurd—it was smart." He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."
OAll of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.
1. To be curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don't know. （H）
2. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success. （D）
3. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake. （O）
4. Political leaders' lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences. （M）
5. There are often accusations about politicians' and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth. （B）
6. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have. （L）
7. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence. （K）
8. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves. （J）
9. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity. （G）
10. Mankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity. （F）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-H　2-D　3-O　4-M　5-B　6-L　7-K　8-J　9-G　10-F

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'curious' 和 'don't know' → 在段落[D]中找到 'Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue'，其书名 'Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Fate Depends on It' 暗示了对未知的渴望 → 同义替换 'realize...there are many things we don't know' 为 'desire to know' → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'Leslie' 和 'essential to success' → 在段落[D]中直接找到 'Leslie argues that curiosity is... crucial to our success' → 'crucial to' 与 'essential to' 为同义替换 → 得出答案
38. 定位题干核心 'pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake' → 在段落[C]中找到 'Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?' → 在段落[D]中找到莱斯利对此问题的回答 'Yes' → 推断出好奇心本身（为知识而追求知识）具有价值，应感到快乐 → 得出答案
39. 定位题干 'Political leaders' lack of curiosity' 和 'bad consequences' → 在段落[A]和[B]中找到NFL总裁和新泽西州长助理因缺乏好奇心而被质疑的具体事例 → 推断出这些事例暗示了不良后果（如未发现真相、引发丑闻） → 得出答案
40. 定位题干 'accusations' 和 'politicians' and the media's lack of curiosity' → 在段落[B]中直接找到 'The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often'，并列举了针对政治人物（州长助理）和媒体（主流媒体）的具体指控 → 同义替换 'often' 为 'often'，'politicians' and the media' 为 'assistant to the Governor' 和 'mainstream media' → 得出答案
41. 定位题干核心观点（好奇心与知识量正相关） → 在语篇中寻找支持此观点的段落 → 段落[D]明确指出好奇心是成功的关键，且正在丧失，可推断其反面（缺乏好奇心）会导致知识/成功减少 → 得出答案
42. 定位题干核心观点（学术成就=智力+勤奋） → 在语篇中寻找讨论学术成就或其影响因素的段落 → 语篇提供的段落[A-E]均未提及‘学术成就’、‘智力’或‘勤奋’ → 得出答案（无对应段落）
43. 定位题干核心观点（好奇心引导我们逛书店是娱乐的好方式） → 在语篇中寻找提及‘书店’、‘娱乐’或类似活动的段落 → 语篇提供的段落[A-E]均未提及‘书店’或‘娱乐’ → 得出答案（无对应段落）
44. 定位题干核心观点（互联网兴起和文学小说需求减少导致好奇心下降） → 在语篇中寻找讨论‘互联网’、‘文学小说’或‘好奇心下降原因’的段落 → 语篇提供的段落[A-E]均未提及这些具体原因 → 得出答案（无对应段落）
45. 定位题干核心观点（没有好奇心，人类就不会如此创新） → 在语篇中寻找支持‘好奇心是创新/成功关键’的段落 → 段落[D]明确指出好奇心是成功的关键 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断观点态度举例论证信息缺失判断

译文：题干：要保持好奇心，我们首先需要认识到有很多我们不知道的事情。正确项[D]：记者伊恩·莱斯利在其新书《好奇：求知欲及其为何决定你的命运》中坚持认为，好奇心是一种被严重忽视的人类美德，对我们的成功至关重要，而我们正在失去它。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease." On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency. Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. "It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects," he said. "Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control," he said. "In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range." But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable." "It was always known that the body accumulates damage," he added. "The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions." Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them. "There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease," Hayflick said. "Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years."

46. What do people generally believe about aging?
  1. A.It should cause no alarm whatsoever.
  2. B.They just cannot do anything about it.
  3. C.It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
  4. D.They can delay it with advances in science.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位到描述‘人们’普遍看法的句子 → 提取‘natural and something you can't control’ → 同义替换为‘cannot do anything about it’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：人们通常对衰老有什么看法？正确项：他们对此无能为力。

47. How do many scientists view aging now?
  1. A.It might be prevented and treated.
  2. B.It can be as risky as heart disease.
  3. C.It results from a vitamin deficiency.
  4. D.It is an irreversible biological process.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到描述‘科学家’当前看法的句子 → 提取‘aging itself might be seen as something treatable’ → 推理出‘可预防和治疗’

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：许多科学家现在如何看待衰老？正确项：它或许可以被预防和治疗。

48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease"?
  1. A.It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.
  2. B.It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
  3. C.It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
  4. D.It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位到Alex Zhavoronkov关于‘描述衰老为疾病’的论述 → 提取‘creates incentives to develop treatments’ → 同义替换为‘motivate...to find ways to treat’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Alex Zhavoronkov如何看待‘将衰老描述为疾病’？正确项：它将激励医生和药剂师寻找治疗方法。

49. What do we learn about the medical community?
  1. A.They now have a strong interest in research on aging.
  2. B.They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.
  3. C.They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.
  4. D.They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位到描述‘医疗界（medical community）’看法的句子 → 提取‘takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range’ → 同义替换为‘contribute...only to a limited extent’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到医疗界的什么情况？正确项：他们只能在有限的范围内为人们的健康做出贡献。

50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?
  1. A.The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.
  2. B.Aging is hardly separable from disease.
  3. C.Few people can live up to the age of 92.
  4. D.Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位到Leonard Hayflick的论述 → 提取‘the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.’ → 推理出他认为寿命无法延长

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：Leonard Hayflick教授相信什么？正确项：人类的寿命无法延长。

Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports. As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring , and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too. "Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: 'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,' but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind." Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience. Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation. "We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level," which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.

51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?
  1. A.There are many more men applying than women.
  2. B.Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.
  3. C.More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.
  4. D.Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位至首段及第二段关于推荐信的对比 → 提取‘男性更可能获得优秀推荐信’的核心事实 → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：关于地球科学博士后职位的申请者，我们了解到什么？正确项C：男性比女性更可能获得优秀的推荐信。

52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?
  1. A.Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.
  2. B.Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.
  3. C.Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.
  4. D.Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位至第二段‘Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM fields’ → 提取‘男性被认为能力更强’的核心观点 → 同义替换为选项C

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：关于科学研究中的男性和女性的研究表明了什么？正确项C：男性被认为在STEM学科中更擅长出类拔萃。

53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?
  1. A.They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.
  2. B.They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.
  3. C.They provide objective information without exaggeration.
  4. D.They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位至Dutt对‘excellent letters’与‘merely good letter’的对比描述 → 提取女性推荐信‘nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional’的特征 → 同义替换为选项B

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：研究发现关于女性申请者的推荐信有什么特点？正确项B：它们包含的内容无法区分申请者。

54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?
  1. A.They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.
  2. B.They invited women professionals to edit them.
  3. C.They assigned them randomly to reviewers.
  4. D.They deleted all information about gender.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位至‘They were all edited for gender and other identifying information’ → 提取‘编辑掉性别等识别信息’的操作 → 同义替换为选项D

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：Dutt和她的同事对1200多封推荐信做了什么？正确项D：他们删除了所有关于性别的信息。

55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?
  1. A.Raise recommendation writers' awareness of gender bias in their letters.
  2. B.Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.
  3. C.Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.
  4. D.Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位至Dutt的直接引语‘the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias’ → 提取‘开启关于隐性性别偏见的对话’的目的 → 同义替换为选项A

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：Dutt希望通过她的研究达到什么目的？正确项A：提高推荐信撰写者对隐性性别偏见的认识。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

A sound relationship between doctors and patients is the cornerstone of effective medical care. In recent years, however, conflicts between the two sides have grown increasingly common. In my view, the best way to handle this relationship lies in genuine communication and mutual understanding rather than mutual blame. To begin with, doctors should communicate patiently. When a physician explains a diagnosis in plain words and listens to a patient's worries, unnecessary suspicion melts away. Moreover, patients ought to place reasonable trust in medical staff and respect their professional judgment. If both sides put themselves in the other's shoes, tension can be greatly eased. A sound legal framework that protects both parties is equally indispensable. In conclusion, a healthy doctor-patient relationship cannot be built overnight, yet through sincere communication, mutual respect and legal protection, we can surely make it warmer and more trusting.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特,尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽,通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景,就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生长,是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉,其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一,也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Mount Huangshan is located in the south of Anhui Province. It is famous for its unique scenery, especially its sunrises and seas of clouds. To appreciate the grandeur of mountains, one usually has to look up. But to appreciate the beauty of Mount Huangshan, one has to look down. The humid climate of Mount Huangshan is favorable for the growth of tea trees, making it one of the major tea-producing areas in China. There are also many hot springs here, whose water helps prevent and treat skin diseases. Mount Huangshan is one of the major tourist destinations in China, and also one of the most popular subjects of photography and traditional Chinese painting.

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