2020年09月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2020年09月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2020 年 · 9月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2020年09月大学英语四级真题（第1套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that reveal the effects of pollution from ships. One of the photos shows a thin film of clouds above the brilliant blue of the North Atlantic, cut by white lines of thicker clouds that look like scars. NASA officials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic below. When ships power their way through the ocean, they pump exhaust into the atmosphere, just as cars do. And those massive amounts of particles can cause clouds to form. Get enough of those particles in one place, as from the exhaust of a ship, and they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space. "These clouds can be huge. Some of them stretch hundreds of kilometres from end to end," NASA officials said. It's likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate, according to NASA officials. But scientists aren't yet sure what effect it has. power their way through the ocean, they pump exhaust into the atmosphere, just as cars do.

1. What has caused the thick clouds in the photos taken by NASA satellite?
  1. A.Ship traffic in the Atlantic.
  2. B.Warm currents in the ocean.
  3. C.Exhaust from cars in Europe.
  4. D.Particles emitted by power plants.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位因果链（ship traffic → exhaust → particles → clouds） → 识别同义替换（ship traffic in the Atlantic） → 得出答案

考点：因果链定位同义替换

译文：题干：NASA卫星拍摄的照片中，是什么导致了厚厚的云层？正确项：大西洋上的船舶交通。

2. What do NASA officials think about the thick clouds?
  1. A.They need to be taken seriously.
  2. B.They have a huge effect on fishery.
  3. C.They might be causing trouble to air flights.
  4. D.They may be affecting the world's climate.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位NASA官员观点（It's likely that... having some effect on the global climate） → 识别同义替换（may be affecting the world's climate） → 得出答案

考点：观点态度定位同义替换

译文：题干：NASA官员对这些厚厚的云层有什么看法？正确项：它们可能正在影响全球气候。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe at work after security guards were removed. This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers. More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard following a series of incidents, including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife. A security worker had guarded the store each night from 7 p.m. until 12 a.m., but that had stopped suddenly on Monday, employees said. One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served. Another worker said the lack of protection at the store made her feel uncomfortable at work. However, the spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents. "We have found very few instances of bad customer behavior at our store in the past year. In the rare cases we have seen bad behavior, we have taken strong action in response, including banning a customer from the store." following a series of incidents, including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife.

3. For what purpose did the staff at a supermarket in Melbourne sign a letter?
  1. A.To appeal for higher wages.
  2. B.To demand better health care.
  3. C.To call for a permanent security guard.
  4. D.To dismiss the bad-tempered supervisor.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位员工行动目的（signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard） → 识别同义替换（call for a permanent security guard） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：墨尔本一家超市的员工签署了一封信，目的是什么？正确项：呼吁配备一名永久保安。

4. What did the spokesman of the supermarket say regarding the employees' demand?
  1. A.It had already taken strong action.
  2. B.It would put customers' needs first.
  3. C.It would take their appeal seriously.
  4. D.It was seeking help from the police.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位超市发言人回应（the store had taken strong action in response to incidents） → 识别同义替换（had already taken strong action） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：超市发言人对员工的要求有何回应？正确项：它已经采取了强有力的行动。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle: tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway. A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned, blocking two lanes. The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly-hardening chocolate, which quickly covered the width of the road. While the driver was taken to hospital with a broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported twelve tons of solid chocolate from the road. A representative for the firefighters told the local TV that removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow. After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighters resorted to spraying hot, pressurized water to get rid of the sticky substance. The local TV also noted that the cleanup spanned more than a mile, because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail. But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the cleanup were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead. After all, who could be mad about twelve tons of chocolate? blocked by an unusual obstacle: tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway.

5. What did drivers on the motorway to Warsaw find?
  1. A.The road was flooded.
  2. B.The road was blocked.
  3. C.The road was frozen with snow.
  4. D.The road was covered with spilled gas.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位司机发现的情况（found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle: tons of liquid chocolate） → 识别同义替换（The road was blocked） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在前往华沙的高速公路上，司机们发现了什么？正确项：道路被堵塞了。

6. What does the report say about the accident?
  1. A.A truck plunged into a pool of liquid chocolate.
  2. B.The heavy snow made driving very difficult.
  3. C.The truck driver dozed off while driving.
  4. D.A truck hit a barrier and overturned.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位事故描述句 → 提取核心动作（hit a road barrier and overturned） → 匹配选项D

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：报告对事故说了什么？ 正确项D：一辆卡车撞上护栏并翻车。

7. What did the firefighters' representative tell the local TV?
  1. A.It was a long time before the cleanup was finished.
  2. B.It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.
  3. C.It was fortunate that no passenger got injured.
  4. D.It was difficult to contact the manufacturer. four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位消防员代表发言句 → 提取核心信息（removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow） → 同义替换为“hard task” → 匹配选项B

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：消防员代表告诉当地电视台什么？ 正确项B：清除洒出的物质是一项艰巨的任务。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: Lisa, why did you pay for your meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?

8. Why did the woman decide to go back to cash for payment?
  1. A.She wanted to save for a new phone.
  2. B.She found it much safer to use cash.
  3. C.She could enjoy discount with cash.
  4. D.She had been cheated using phone apps.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士解释原因句 → 提取核心目的（save money for a new phone） → 匹配选项A

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：女士为什么决定改用现金支付？ 正确项A：她想攒钱买新手机。

9. What happens when people use apps for payment according to the woman?
  1. A.They can save a lot more time and trouble.
  2. B.They find it less difficult to make purchases.
  3. C.They derive greater pleasure from buying things.
  4. D.They are less aware of the value of their money.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士对手机支付影响的论述句 → 提取核心观点（less connection with the value of our money） → 同义替换为“less aware of the value” → 匹配选项D

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：根据女士的说法，人们使用应用支付时会发生什么？ 正确项D：他们对金钱的价值意识减弱。

10. What might the man tend to buy with payment apps?
  1. A.More valuable items.
  2. B.More non-essential things.
  3. C.Everyday necessities.
  4. D.Electronic devices.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士自我反思句 → 提取核心信息（tendency to buy more small or non-essential items） → 匹配选项B

考点：细节定位与捕捉

译文：题干：男士使用支付应用时可能倾向于购买什么？ 正确项B：更多非必需品。

11. What does the man think of electronic payment?
  1. A.It can improve shopping efficiency.
  2. B.It is altering the way of shopping.
  3. C.It may lead to excessive spending.
  4. D.It appeals more to younger people.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士观点 → 识别其从“无影响”到“可能买更多非必需品”的转变 → 推断其认为电子支付导致过度消费

考点：观点转变细节捕捉同义替换

译文：题干：男士对电子支付有何看法？正确项：它可能导致过度消费。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Hello, Mr. Brown. I was expecting your call. My secretary told me you were having some problems with the wooden table. Is that right? M: No, no. The table is fine. The problem is the chairs. W: Oh, the chairs. So what exactly is the issue? M: Well, put simply, these are not the chairs my wife and I selected in your store last week. There must be some confusion with our order. W: Oh, I see. I'm looking through my files now, and I see that the delivery was this morning. Is that correct? 6 M: Yes. W: Do you mind describing the chairs that were delivered to your apartment, Mr. Brown?

12. Why did the man call the woman?
  1. A.He wanted to order some wooden furniture.
  2. B.He had to change the furniture delivery time.
  3. C.He had a problem with the furniture delivered.
  4. D.He wanted the furniture store to give him a refund.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话开头男士澄清问题对象 → 捕捉核心矛盾“送错椅子” → 概括为“收到的家具有问题”

考点：主旨概括细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士为何致电女士？正确项：他收到的家具有问题。

13. What did the woman ask the man to do?
  1. A.Send the furniture back to the store.
  2. B.Describe the furniture he received.
  3. C.Collect the furniture he ordered.
  4. D.Buy another brand of furniture.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士请求句 → 识别“Do you mind describing...” → 同义替换为“描述收到的家具”

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士要求男士做什么？正确项：描述他收到的家具。

14. What did the woman promise to do for the man?
  1. A.Correct their mistake.
  2. B.Improve their service.
  3. C.Apologize to his wife.
  4. D.Give the money back.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士承诺句 → 识别“We will send a van to collect... and replace them...” → 概括为“纠正他们的错误”

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士承诺为男士做什么？正确项：纠正他们的错误。

15. What did the woman do at the end of the conversation?
  1. A.She recommended a new style.
  2. B.She offered some gift to the man.
  3. C.She apologized to the man once more.
  4. D.She checked all the items with the man. questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位对话结尾 → 捕捉女士最后一句“Once again, I'm sorry...” → 同义替换为“再次道歉”

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：对话结束时女士做了什么？正确项：她再次向男士道歉。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Do you have too much stuff? Are you, dare we say it "untidy"? Say hello to a TV show called "Tidying Up with Marie Kondo", a home improvement show based on her wildly popular book The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up. In the show, Marie Kondo acts as a tiny garbage fairy for messy people, visiting their houses to share the wisdom of the "KonMari" method. This method is simple in theory but can be endlessly complex in practice. You divide all the stuff in your house—all of it—into several categories, and then examine each item—all of them—to see if it sparks joy. If it does, you keep it. If it doesn't, you thank it and neatly discard it. So, is the TV show inspiring people to tidy up? Firsthand accounts seem to indicate a small wave of people bringing piles of donation bags to used goods stores. One store received thousands of bags of used possessions in one day. January is usually the stores' slow season for donations because it's cold and people don't want to bother, but not this January. People seemed determined to clean up their homes. One used bookstore received a month's worth of books in donations in a week when a man gave over fifty boxes of books from his home. It seems Marie's TV show is having a big impact after all. based on her wildly popular book The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up.

16. What is Marie Kondo's TV show about?
  1. A.Reading books of wisdom.
  2. B.Tidying up one's home.
  3. C.Sharing with others.
  4. D.Donating to charity.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位节目名称与描述 → 提取核心功能描述 → 同义替换为选项

考点：节目名称与功能描述同义替换

译文：题干：Marie Kondo的电视节目是关于什么的？正确项：整理一个人的家。

17. What things can be kept in one's home according to Marie Kondo?
  1. A.Things that make one happy.
  2. B.Things that are becoming rare.
  3. C.Things that occupy little space.
  4. D.Things that cost a lot of money.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位'KonMari'方法的核心原则 → 提取判断标准 → 同义替换为选项

考点：核心原则'sparks joy'同义替换

译文：题干：根据Marie Kondo，什么东西可以留在家里？正确项：让人开心的东西。

18. What do we learn about one used bookstore this January?
  1. A.It joined the city's clean-up campaign.
  2. B.It sold as many as fifty boxes of books.
  3. C.It received an incredibly large number of donated books.
  4. D.It did little business because of the unusual cold weather.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位关于二手书店的具体事例 → 提取关键数据与对比 → 推断其异常情况

考点：具体事例定位数据对比与推断

译文：题干：关于这家二手书店，我们了解到今年一月发生了什么？正确项：它收到了数量惊人的捐赠书籍。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

At just 12 years old, Mike Hannon is making a difference in his community one lunch at a time. "Mike's Lunches of Love" has fed more than 2,000 of the town's most vulnerable residents. Mike delivers meals to the homeless. "It's like a way to give people joy, maybe spark something in them that can change them," Mike told WBZ-TV. The mayor of Mike's town feels that Mike is a great community leader, especially in such times of so much negative news. While his father commented on how proud he was of his son, yet, Mike isn't looking for praise, but kindness in return. He hopes his acts of charity will influence others to spread positive actions in their own towns. Mike includes a handwritten message of joy on each bag. His message and star power have spread all over the country. To date, his online page to raise funds has brought in more than $44,000 and counting, raising more than $17,000 in just one day, with the help of many famous actors and others. People from all over the country are sending special handcrafted bags to help the young man with his mission to help those in need. Many are hoping the simple act of kindness spreads. Mike is seen as hope for the future of the town, the country and the world.

19. What does Mike Hannon do to help people in his town?
  1. A.Give free meals to the homeless.
  2. B.Provide shelter for the homeless.
  3. C.Help the vulnerable to cook lunches.
  4. D.Call for change in the local government.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位Mike Hannon的具体行为描述 → 提取核心动作 → 同义替换为选项

考点：具体行为定位同义替换

译文：题干：Mike Hannon为帮助镇上的人做了什么？正确项：给无家可归者提供免费餐食。

20. What does Mike hope others will do?
  1. A.Strengthen co-operation.
  2. B.Promote understanding.
  3. C.Win national support.
  4. D.Following his example.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位Mike的希望/期望 → 提取其希望他人采取的行动 → 同义替换为选项

考点：期望内容定位��义替换

译文：题干：Mike希望其他人做什么？正确项：效仿他的榜样。

21. How are people all over the country responding to what Mike is doing?
  1. A.Spreading news of his deeds.
  2. B.Writing him thank-you notes.
  3. C.Following the example he sets.
  4. D.Sending him hand-made bags.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'all over the country' → 匹配录音中 'People from all over the country are sending special handcrafted bags' → 同义替换 'handcrafted bags' 为 'hand-made bags' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：全国各地的人们对迈克的所作所为有何反应？正确项D：给他寄手工制作的袋子。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smartphones, two groups of college students were given word search puzzles. The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants' smartphones in their line of sight. The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with the equipment in the experiment, and would need to be moved away from the testing area. Midway through the second group's solving of the puzzles, the experimenter called one of the phones and let it ring for a while before hanging up. Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first group. Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human interactions. Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media sites. Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor grades. Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in the amount of sleep, which leads to poor health and weight gain. Technology is a great tool; however, it's important to recognize its downsides. Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity and weight gain are only a few. If we're not careful about all these minor problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much bigger.

22. What were the college students in both groups required to do in the study?
  1. A.To solve word search puzzles.
  2. B.To send smartphone messages.
  3. C.To test their eyesight using a phone app.
  4. D.To install some audio equipment in a lab.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'college students in both groups' 和 'required to do' → 匹配录音首句 'two groups of college students were given word search puzzles' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：研究中两组大学生被要求做什么？正确项A：解决单词搜索谜题。

23. What do we learn about many of the students in the second test group after the phone rang?
  1. A.They could not go on until the ringing stopped.
  2. B.They could no longer concentrate on their task.
  3. C.They grabbed the phone and called back right away.
  4. D.They asked their experimenter to hang up the phone.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'second test group' 和 'after the phone rang' → 匹配录音中 'Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on' → 同义替换 'unable to focus' 为 'could no longer concentrate' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们了解到第二组的许多学生在电话铃响后怎么样了？正确项B：他们无法再集中注意力完成任务。

24. According to the passage, what is the most dramatic impact of smartphone use?
  1. A.A rise in emotional problems.
  2. B.A decline in sports activities.
  3. C.A reduction in the amount of sleep.
  4. D.A decline in academic performance.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'most dramatic impact' → 匹配录音中 'Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in the amount of sleep' → 直接对应选项C → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：根据文章，智能手机使用最显著的影响是什么？正确项C：睡眠时间的减少。

25. What does the speaker suggest people do?
  1. A.Protect the eyesight of the younger generation.
  2. B.Take effective measures to raise productivity.
  3. C.Realize the disruptive effects of technology.
  4. D.Ensure they have sufficient sleep every day.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'speaker suggest' → 匹配录音结尾 'it's important to recognize its downsides' → 同义替换 'recognize its downsides' 为 'realize the disruptive effects' → 得出答案

考点：主旨推断同义替换

译文：题干：说话者建议人们做什么？正确项C：认识到技术的破坏性影响。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

There are three main types of financial stress people encounter. The first type is apparent in people being stressed about the [26] ups and downs of investment markets—actually not so much the ups, but [27] the downs. These people are usually unable or unprepared to endure the long haul. The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt. In a [28] percentage of cases of debt-induced financial stress, credit cards and loans will be a central element. Often there will be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage, but credit cards often seem to be the gateway to debt-related financial difficulties for many. The third type of stress and [29] the least known is inherited financial stress, which is the most destructive. It is experienced by those who have grown up in households where their parents regularly [30] and fought about money. Money therefore becomes a stressful topic, and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive [31] . Those suffering inherited financial anxiety [32] to follow one of two patterns. Either they put their head in the sand: they would [33] examining their financial statements, budgeting and discussing financial matters with those closest to them. Alternatively, they would go to the other [34] , and micro-analyze everything, to the point of complete [35] . They are convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one.

A. appearanceB. arguedC. avoidD. considerableE. definitelyF. extremeG. inactionH. incrediblyI. normalJ. possiblyK. propositionL. repelledM. statementN. tendO. traditional

参考答案与解析

答案：26-I　27-E　28-D　29-J　30-B　31-K　32-N　33-C　34-F　35-G

解析：26 空 定位投资市场波动语境 → 识别修饰名词短语的形容词 → 选择符合'波动'语义的形容词
27 空 定位转折连词but → 识别省略结构'not so much...but...' → 选择表示强调的副词
28 空 定位债务压力案例语境 → 识别修饰百分比的形容词 → 选择符合'比例'语义的形容词
29 空 定位并列连词and → 识别修饰'least known'的副词 → 选择表示程度的副词
30 空 定位家庭争吵语境 → 识别与'fought about money'并列的动词 → 选择符合'争吵'语义的动词
31 空 定位空格前动词 'would' → 分析空格后动名词短语 'examining...' → 结合 'put their head in the sand'（逃避现实）的语境 → 选择表示'避免'的动词
32 空 定位空格前主语 'Those suffering inherited financial anxiety' → 分析空格后 'to follow one of two patterns' → 结合 'tend to'（倾向于）的固定搭配 → 选择表示'倾向于'的动词
33 空 定位空格前 'Either they put their head in the sand' → 分析空格后 'examining their financial statements...' → 结合逃避行为的语境 → 选择表示'避免'的动词
34 空 定位空格前 'go to the other' → 分析空格后 'and micro-analyze everything' → 结合 'Either...Alternatively...' 的对比结构 → 选择表示'极端'的名词
35 空 定位空格前 'to the point of complete' → 分析空格后 'They are convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one' → 结合微观分析导致决策瘫痪的语境 → 选择表示'瘫痪'的名词

考点：形容词修饰名词短语语境选词转折连词省略结构副词辨析形容词修饰名词固定搭配并列结构副词修饰并列动词动词搭配 would + 动词原形语境选词：逃避行为固定搭配 tend to do sth.语境选词：行为模式倾向语境选词：逃避行为的具体表现近义词辨析：避免 vs 忽视固定搭配 go to the other extreme语境选词：行为模式的极端对比语境选词：过度分析导致的决策障碍近义词辨析：瘫痪 vs 停滞

译文：题干：人们在投资市场的______波动中感到压力。正确项：I (constant) 持续的

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AImagine a drug that could enhance a child's creativity and critical thinking. Imagine that this drug were simple to make, safe to take, and could be had for free. The nation's leading pediatricians( ) say this miracle compound exists. In a new clinical report, they are urging doctors to prescribe it liberally to the children in their care.
B"This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be learned when kids aren't told what to do," said Dr. Michael Yogman, a Harvard Medical School pediatrician who led the drafting of the call to arms. Whether it's rough physical play, outdoor play or social or pretend play, kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go, he said.
CThe advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics, may come as a shock to some parents. After spending years fretting over which toys to buy, which apps to download and which skill-building programs to send their kids to after school, letting them simply play—or better yet, playing with them—could seem like a step backward. The pediatricians insist that it's not. The academy's guidance does not include specific recommendations for the dosing of play. Instead, it asks doctors to advise parents before their babies turn two that play is essential to healthy development.
D"Play is not silly behavior," the academy's report declares. It fosters children's creativity, cooperation and problem-solving skills—all of which are critical for a 21st-century workforce. When parents engage in play with their children, it builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress, including poverty, the academy says. In the pediatricians' view, essentially every life skill that's valued in adults can be built up with play. "Collaboration, negotiation, decision-making, creativity, leadership, and increased physical activity are just some of the skills and benefits children gain through play," they wrote. The pediatricians' appeal comes as kids are being squeezed by increasing academic demands at school and the constant invasion of digital media.
EThe trends have been a long time coming. Between 1981 and 1997, detailed time-use studies showed that the time children spent at play declined by 25 percent. Since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001, public schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing for standardized tests. The focus on academic "skills and drills" has cut deeply into recess and other time for free play.
FBy 2009, a study of Los Angeles kindergarten classrooms found that five-year-olds were so burdened with academic requirements that they were down to an average of just 19 minutes per day of "choice time," when they were permitted to play freely with blocks, toys or other children. One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no time at all for "free play." Increased academic pressures have left 30 percent of U.S. kindergarten classes without any recess. Such findings prompted the American Academy of Pediatrics to issue a policy statement in 2013 on the "crucial role of recess in school."
GPediatricians aren't the only ones who have noticed. In a report titled "Crisis in the Kindergarten," a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called the loss of play in early childhood "a tragedy, both for the children themselves and for our nation and world." Kids in play-based kindergartens "end up equally good or better at reading and other intellectual skills, and they are more likely to become well-adjusted healthy people," the Alliance for Childhood said in 2009. Indeed, new research demonstrates why playing with blocks might have been time better spent, Yogman said. The trial assessed the effectiveness of an early mathematics intervention aimed at preschoolers. The results showed almost no gains in math achievement.
HAnother playtime thief: the growing proportion of kids' time spent in front of screens and digital devices, even among preschoolers. Last year, Common Sense Media reported that children up through age eight spent an average of two hours and 19 minutes in front of screens each day, including an average of 42 minutes a day for those under two. This increase of digital use comes with rising risks of obesity, sleep deprivation and cognitive , language and social-emotional delays, the American Academy of Pediatrics warned in
I"I respect that parents have busy lives and it's easy to hand a child an iPhone," Yogman said. "But there's a cost to that. For young children, it's much too passive. And kids really learn better when they're actively engaged and have to really discover things."
JThe decline of play is a special hazard for the roughly 1 in 5 children in the United States who live in poverty. These 14 million children most urgently need to develop the resilience that is cultivated with play. Instead, Yogman said, they are disproportionately affected by some of the trends that are making play scarce: academic pressures at schools that need to improve test scores, outside play areas that are limited or unsafe, and parents who lack the time or energy to share in playtime.
KYogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids. "The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing them a great service," he said. Even well-meaning parents may be "robbing them of the opportunity to have that joy of discovery and curiosity— the opportunity to find things out on their own."
LPlay may not be a hard sell to kids. But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediatricians' new prescription may meet with skepticism from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world. They should welcome the simplicity of the message, Lerner said. "It's liberating to be able to offer them this advice: that your spending time with your child and letting him play is one of the most valuable things you can do," he said. "It doesn't have to involve spending a lot of money or time, or joining a parenting group. It's something we can offer that's achievable. They just don't recognize it right now as particularly valuable."
1. Increased use of digital devices steals away children's playtime. （H）
2. Since the beginning of this century, an increasing amount of time has been shifted in public schools from recess to academic activities. （E）
3. It has been acknowledged that while kids may welcome pediatricians' recommendation, their parents may doubt its feasibility. （L）
4. According to some professionals, deprivation of young children's playtime will do harm not only to children themselves but to the country and the world. （G）
5. By playing with children, parents can prevent them from being harmed by stress. （D）
6. Playing with digital devices discourages kids from active discovery, according to pediatrician Dr. Michael Yogman. （I）
7. The suggestion of letting children simply play may sound like going backwards to parents who want to help build their children's skills. （C）
8. Dr. Michael Yogman believes the idea that parents should carefully schedule children's time may not be helpful to their growth. （K）
9. One quarter of teachers in an American city said that children in kindergartens had no time for playing freely. （F）
10. According to a pediatrician, no matter what kind of play children engage in, they are learning how to create things. （B）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-H　2-E　3-L　4-G　5-D　6-I　7-C　8-K　9-F　10-B

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'digital devices' 'steals away' 'playtime' → 在语篇中寻找同义替换或对应信息 → 未找到直接匹配段落，需结合全文主旨推断
37. 定位题干关键词 'beginning of this century' 'public schools' 'recess' 'academic activities' → 在语篇中寻找时间、地点、行为对应信息 → 未找到直接匹配段落，需结合全文主旨推断
38. 定位题干关键词 'kids may welcome' 'parents may doubt' 'feasibility' → 在语篇中寻找关于孩子和家长对建议反应的信息 → 未找到直接匹配段落，需结合全文主旨推断
39. 定位题干关键词 'deprivation' 'playtime' 'harm' 'children' 'country' 'world' → 在语篇中寻找关于剥夺游戏时间危害的信息 → 未找到直接匹配段落，需结合全文主旨推断
40. 定位题干关键词 'playing with children' 'parents' 'prevent' 'harm' 'stress' → 在语篇中寻找关于家长参与游戏与压力关系的信息 → 在段落[D]中找到对应信息 'builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress'
41. 定位Dr. Yogman观点 → 识别其关于数字设备与主动探索关系的论述 → 匹配段落
42. 定位关于父母对“让孩子单纯游戏”建议反应的描述 → 识别“step backward”这一关键表述 → 匹配段落
43. 定位Dr. Yogman关于父母安排孩子时间的观点 → 识别其“当孩子不被告知该做什么时能学到技能”的论述 → 匹配段落
44. 定位关于教师调查的具体数据（四分之一）和地点（美国城市） → 识别其关于幼儿园孩子自由游戏时间的论述 → 匹配段落
45. 定位儿科医生关于游戏类型与学习内容的论述 → 识别“无论何种游戏，孩子都在学习创造”的核心观点 → 匹配段落

考点：细节定位同义替换时间信息匹配观点态度匹配危害范围匹配Dr. Yogman观点数字设备与主动探索父母反应step backward技能培养父母安排时间技能学习教师调查四分之一美国城市自由游戏时间儿科医生观点游戏类型学习创造

译文：题干：数字设备的过度使用侵占了孩子们的游戏时间。正确项H：（需根据完整语篇判断，此处仅提供分析框架）

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change our weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery. Trying to live up to the images of "perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety and depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US $2,000 per person. Why is there both external and internal pressure to look "perfect"? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one. While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace? Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities. As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight—they think they're heavier than they are—while men tend to under-perceive theirs. We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem , mental health and health behaviors. While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening. Since employers' perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would also help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.

46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?
  1. A.Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
  2. B.Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
  3. C.Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
  4. D.Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'adverse impact' → 在语篇中定位到 'Trying to live up to the images... has a dark side: anxiety and depression...' → 该句主语为 'Trying to live up to the images of 'perfect' models and movie heroes'，即努力达到完美形象 → 同义替换为 'Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者说可能对人们产生不利影响的是什么？正确项：试图满足社会对外表的期望。

47. What have researchers found out about people's earnings?
  1. A.They are closely related to people's social status.
  2. B.They have to do with people's body weight and shape.
  3. C.They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
  4. D.They may not be equal to people's contributions.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'researchers found out' 和 'earnings' → 在语篇中定位到 'Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.' → 该句明确指出体重指数与工资收入相关 → 同义替换为 'body weight and shape' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：研究人员发现了关于人们收入的什么情况？正确项：收入与人们的体重和体型有关。

48. What does the author's recent study focus on?
  1. A.Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.
  2. B.Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market.
  3. C.Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success.
  4. D.How bosses' perception of body image impacts employees' advancement.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'author's recent study focus on' → 在语篇中定位到 'Our recently published study answered this question...' → 'this question' 指代前文 'Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earnings...?' → 该研究聚焦于个人对身体形象的自我认知是否影响职场成功 → 同义替换为选项C → 得出答案

考点：指代理解主旨概括

译文：题干：作者最近的研究关注什么？正确项：身体形象的自我认知是否影响职场成功。

49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?
  1. A.Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
  2. B.People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
  3. C.Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
  4. D.Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'finding of the author's recent research' → 在语篇中定位到 'We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes...' → 该发现表明个人对体重的自我认知与劳动力市场结果无关 → 同义替换为 'People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false perception of their weight' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断

译文：题干：作者最近研究的发现是什么？正确项：人们在职场中不会受到错误体重认知的不利影响。

50. What does the author think would help improve the condition in the labor market?
  1. A.Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image.
  2. B.Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.
  3. C.Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.
  4. D.Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'author think would help' → 在语篇中定位到 'changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would also help.' → 作者认为修改歧视法，将体型纳入保护类别会有帮助 → 同义替换为 'Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者认为什么有助于改善劳动力市场的状况？正确项：禁止基于员工身体形象的歧视。

The work-life balance is dead. By this, I'm not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I'm definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I'm arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it's too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions. At the minimum, most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves, our families, and the people around us. In the ideal world, we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn't give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life, it's a little bit harder to make that connection. But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another. Losing your balance and falling isn't pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance, and that causes terrible outcomes. It's more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so- good days. These variations are normal, and it's more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep. How we talk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference. Let's bury "work-life balance" and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

51. What does the author suggest by saying "The work-life balance is dead"?
  1. A.The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.
  2. B.The pursuit of a fulfilling career involves personal sacrifice.
  3. C.The imbalance between work and life simply doesn't exist anymore
  4. D.The concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位作者对‘work-life balance’的评价 → 提取‘too limiting’、‘never been helpful’等负面描述 → 同义替换为‘contributes little’

考点：观点态度同义替换

译文：题干：作者说‘工作与生活的平衡已死’暗示了什么？正确项：工作与生活的平衡这一概念对实现充实的生活贡献甚微。

52. What does the author say about our use of language?
  1. A.It impacts how we think and behave.
  2. B.It changes with the passage of time.
  3. C.It reflects how we communicate.
  4. D.It differs from person to person.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位关于‘language’的论述 → 提取‘affects our thinking and therefore our actions’ → 同义替换为‘impacts how we think and behave’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者对我们使用语言有何看法？正确项：它影响我们的思维和行为方式。

53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?
  1. A.We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.
  2. B.We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.
  3. C.We do meaningful work that contributes to society.
  4. D.We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘In the ideal world’ → 提取‘doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose’ → 同义替换为‘meaningful work that contributes to society’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：作者说在理想世界中我们做什么？正确项：我们做有意义的工作，为社会做贡献。

54. What does the author say about life?
  1. A.It is cyclical.
  2. B.It is dynamic.
  3. C.It is fulfilling.
  4. D.It is risky.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关于‘life’的描述 → 提取‘ever evolving and changing’ → 同义替换为‘dynamic’

考点：细节定位词义猜测

译文：题干：作者对生活有何看法？正确项：它是动态的。

55. What does the author advise us to do?
  1. A.Make life as simple as possible.
  2. B.Talk about balance in simpler terms.
  3. C.Balance life and work in a new way.
  4. D.Strive for a more fulfilling life.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位作者结论性建议 → 提取‘think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment’ → 同义替换为‘Strive for a more fulfilling life’

考点：主旨大意推理判断

译文：题干：作者建议我们做什么？正确项：努力追求更充实的生活。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the online library. You can start your essay with the sentence “The online library is becoming increasingly popular.” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

The online library is becoming increasingly popular. More and more students and researchers now turn to digital collections rather than walking to a physical reading room. This shift is not a passing trend but a reflection of how deeply the Internet has reshaped the way we learn. There are two main reasons behind its growing appeal. For one thing, an online library allows us to access resources anytime and anywhere. Whether we are sitting at home or waiting for a bus, a single click brings a vast collection of e-books and journals to our screen. For another, it helps us search for information efficiently. Instead of flipping through hundreds of pages, we simply type in a keyword and locate exactly what we need within seconds, which saves an enormous amount of time. In conclusion, the online library owes its popularity to its convenience and efficiency. As technology keeps advancing, I firmly believe that it will play an even more important role in our future study and research.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

茅台(Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒,在新中国成立前夕,被选为国宴用酒。 据说赤水沿岸的村民四千年前就开始酿造茅台。在西汉时期,那里的人们生产出了高质量的茅台,并把它贡给皇帝。自唐朝开始,这种地方酒通过海上丝绸之路运往海外。 茅台味道柔和,有一种特殊的香味;适量饮用可以帮助缓解疲劳,有镇静作用,因而广受国内外消费者的喜爱。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Moutai is the most famous Chinese liquor, and on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was selected as the official drink for state banquets. It is said that villagers along the Chishui River began to brew Moutai four thousand years ago. During the Western Han Dynasty, the local people produced high-quality Moutai and presented it to the emperor. Starting from the Tang Dynasty, this local liquor was shipped overseas via the Maritime Silk Road. Moutai has a mellow taste and a unique fragrance; when consumed in moderation, it can help relieve fatigue and has a calming effect, and thus it is very popular with consumers both at home and abroad.

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