2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）及答案解析
2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套） · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2020 年 · 12月·第3套
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 听力
- 含听力
- 题量
- 39 题
- 满分
- 710 分
- 限时
- 125 分钟
- 题型结构
- 听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
微信扫一扫 · 小程序内开始考试
第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分
听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warn scientists. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus, and the eastern Mediterranean. Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people. Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing. The fish, often known as Devil Firefish, is a highly invasive species, and environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life. After being spotted in the Mediterranean, a marine scientist says, "The fish is spreading, and that's a cause for concern." Mediterranean, warn scientists.
- A.Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
- B.The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.
- C.Invasive species are driving away certain native species.
- D.A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位导语句 → 识别核心事实（鱼被发现） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：新闻报道了什么？正确项：一种致命鱼类在地中海水域被发现。
- A.It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.
- B.It could pose a threat to other marine species.
- C.It could disrupt the food chains there.
- D.It could add to greenhouse emissions.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位环保人士观点句 → 识别担忧对象（其他海洋生物） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：环保人士对魔鬼火鱼在地中海的扩散有何担忧？正确项：它可能对其他海洋物种构成威胁。
听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Almost half the center of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day. This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time. Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car-Free Day last year. Hidalgo also has supported a "Paris Breathes" day. On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road. About 400 miles of streets will be closed to cars. It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels. Last year's car-free day showed a 40 percent drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city, according to an independent air pollution monitor, reports The Guardian —and sound levels dropped by 50 percent in the city's center. 50% World Car-Free Day. will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday About half of its city center will be closed to cars. A Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
- A.Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
- B.Pedestrians will have free access to the city.
- C.About half of its city center will be closed to cars.
- D.Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位事件核心安排句 → 识别具体措施（市中心一半区域禁车） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：巴黎世界无车日当天会发生什么？正确项：其市中心约一半区域将对汽车关闭。
- A.The unbearable traffic noise.
- B.The worsening global warming.
- C.The ever-growing cost of petrol.
- D.The rising air pollution in Paris.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位市长动机句 → 识别因果信号（in response to） → 锁定原因（空气污染）
考点：细节定位因果逻辑
译文：题干：是什么促使巴黎市长在她的城市推广首个世界无车日？正确项：巴黎日益严重的空气污染。
听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life. The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off the coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago. When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesa told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he'd kept hidden in his run-down wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at 76 million pounds. The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum only weighs 14 pounds. That is 5 times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in. The monstrous pearl measured at one foot wide and 2.2 feet long is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town. out his possessions and change locations.
- A.His house was burnt down in a fire.
- B.Many of his possessions were stolen.
- C.His good luck charm sank into the sea.
- D.His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位渔民遭遇句 → 识别关键事件（房屋火灾） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：菲律宾渔民有一天遭遇了什么？正确项：他的房子在火灾中被烧毁。
- A.Change his fishing locations.
- B.Find a job in a travel agency.
- C.Sell the pearl he had kept for years.
- D.Spend a few nights on a small island.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 forced → 听到 forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations → 识别 forced to sell it 与题干 forced to do 同义 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：渔民被迫做了什么？正确项：卖掉他珍藏多年的珍珠。
- A.His pearl could be displayed in a museum.
- B.His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
- C.The largest pearl in the world weighs 14 pounds.
- D.A New York museum has the world's biggest pearl. four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 tourist agent → 听到 tourist agent told him that... was the biggest pearl... valued at 76 million pounds → 识别 extremely valuable 为最大/价值高的概括 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义概括
译文：题干：渔民从旅游代理人那里得知了什么？正确项：他的巨型珍珠极其珍贵。
听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: Mr. Smith, it's a pleasure meeting you.
- A.It boasts a fairly long history.
- B.It has over 50 business partners.
- C.It has 75 offices around the world.
- D.It produces construction materials.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 woman's company → 听到 We are a global company with 75 years of history → 识别 fairly long history 为 75 年历史的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：我们了解到女士的公司什么情况？正确项：它拥有相当悠久的历史。
- A.It was started by his father.
- B.It has about 50 employees.
- C.It is over 100 years old.
- D.It is a family business.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 man's company → 听到 This is a family business started by my grandfather → 识别 family business 为直接对应 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位直接对应
译文：题干：男士说他自己的公司什么情况？正确项：它是一家家族企业。
- A.Outdated product design.
- B.Loss of competitive edge.
- C.Shortage of raw material supply.
- D.Legal disputes in many countries.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 main problem → 听到 Our main challenge is that... losing competitive advantage → 识别 Loss of competitive edge 为同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士公司面临的主要问题是什么？正确项：竞争优势的丧失。
- A.Introducing innovative marketing strategies.
- B.Seeking new ways to increase its exports.
- C.Providing training for its staff members.
- D.Conducting a financial analysis for it.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位女士建议句 → 识别同义替换（financial analysis） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：女士建议做什么来帮助男士的公司？正确项：为它进行财务分析。
听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: Wow, congratulations, Simon! The place looks absolutely amazing! M: Really? You think so? W: Of course. I love it. It looks like you had a professional interior designer. But you didn't, did you? M: No. I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother Greg. He's actually in the construction business, which was really helpful. W: I honestly am impressed. I know I could probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn't know where to start. M: Well, for a while now, I've been regularly buying home design magazines. Every now and then, I'd save a picture I liked. Believe it or not, I had a full notebook of magazine pages. Since my overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn't be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg's help, it was very achievable. W: Was it very expensive? I've imagined a project like this could be. M: Actually it was surprisingly affordable. I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material. Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well. W: Great. If you don't mind, I'd like to pick your brains a bit more. Jonathan and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we'd love to get some inspiration from your experience. Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week? weekend or something, but not a full renovation.
- A.She is a real expert at house decorations.
- B.She is really impressed by the man's house.
- C.She is well informed about the design business.
- D.She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位女士对男士房子的评价 → 识别其赞叹态度 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位观点态度
译文：题干：我们从对话中了解到女士的什么信息？正确项：她对男士的房子印象深刻。
- A.From a construction businessman.
- B.From his younger brother Greg.
- C.From home design magazines.
- D.From a professional interior designer.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位男士回答灵感来源的句子 → 识别同义替换（home design magazines） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士从哪里获得这个项目的灵感？正确项：从家居设计杂志。
- A.The cost was affordable.
- B.The style was fashionable.
- C.The effort was worthwhile.
- D.The effect was unexpected.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位男士描述项目成本的句子 → 识别同义替换（affordable） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士如何描述他最近完成的项目？正确项：成本是可负担的。
- A.She'd like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.
- B.She'd like to show him around her newly-renovated house.
- C.She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.
- D.She wants him to share his renovation experience with her. questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位女士邀请男士的句子 → 推断其意图（pick your brains） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：女士为什么邀请男士下周去她家？正确项：她希望他分享翻新经验。
听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost three million pounds a year, a study suggests. Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases—95% of objects removed from noses and 85% from ears. Every year an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose. Five- to nine-year-olds come to the hospital with something in their ears the most. Jewellery items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears. According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity. Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears. This resulted in the accidental entry of foreign objects. Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults. Batteries can pose a particular danger. In all cases prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important. year, a study suggests.
- A.Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.
- B.Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.
- C.Removing objects from patients' noses and ears.
- D.Providing routine care for small children.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 three million pounds → 对应录音首句 Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs... → 同义替换 objects = foreign objects → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：英格兰每年在什么上花费三百万英镑？正确项：从病人的鼻子和耳朵中取出异物。
- A.Children aged one to four are often more curious than older children.
- B.Five- to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.
- C.Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.
- D.Many children like to smell things they find or play with.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 England's Hospital Episode Statistics → 对应录音中该短语后内容 → 提取具体数据：五至九岁儿童耳朵异物最多 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位数据提取
译文：题干：我们从英格兰医院诊疗统计中了解到什么？正确项：五至九岁的儿童最有可能把东西放进耳朵。
- A.They want to attract attention.
- B.They tend to act out of impulse.
- C.They are unaware of the potential risks.
- D.They are curious about these body parts.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 generally believed to account for → 对应录音中 generally attributed to → 提取原因 curiosity → 同义替换 curious about these body parts → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：人们普遍认为是什么导致儿童把东西放进耳朵或鼻子？正确项：他们对这些身体部位感到好奇。
听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Good morning. Today, I would like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle. But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Leila Rahimi. She was so scared when she first moved to New Zealand that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies. After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to join a local bike club. At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle. Within weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom. To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars. With a bike, newcomers here can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day, they used to spend walking to and from English language lessons, have been reduced to just one hour. Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers. Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult for an adult, and this can take days and weeks, rather than hours. So if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at ReBicycle and make a difference in someone's life.
- A.It gave her a used bicycle.
- B.It paid for her English lessons.
- C.It delivered her daily necessities.
- D.It provided her with physical therapy.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 ReBicycle do to help Leila Rahimi → 对应录音中 ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle → 同义替换 second-hand = used → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：ReBicycle为帮助Leila Rahimi做了什么？正确项：它给了她一辆二手自行车。
- A.Expanding bike-riding lessons.
- B.Providing free public transport.
- C.Offering walking tours to visitors.
- D.Asking local people for donations.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 ReBicycle doing to help → 对应录音中 is now expanding bike-riding lessons → 直接匹配选项 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位
译文：题干：ReBicycle正在做什么来帮助有需要的人？正确项：扩大自行车骑行课程。
- A.It is a sports club.
- B.It is a language school.
- C.It is a counseling center.
- D.It is a charity organization.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位首段核心句 'my charity ReBicycle' → 结合后文 'donated more than 200 bikes to those in need' → 概括为慈善组织
考点：charitydonatedin need
译文：题干：关于ReBicycle，我们从文章中了解到什么？正确项：它是一个慈善组织。
听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Thanks to the International Space Station, we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice. The results are both interesting and humorous. The scientists first sent some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station. The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. As you'll notice in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage, and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. However, it's not long before the mice begin to catch on. They adapt remarkably well to their new environment and even use the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage. That's when things really get wild. The eleventh day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls. The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth. The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. focusing on mice.
- A.How animals deal with lack of gravity.
- B.How mice interact in a new environment.
- C.How low gravity affects the human body.
- D.How mice imitate human behavior in space.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位信号词 'To that end' → 捕捉其后目的句 'studying how other species deal with low gravity' → 同义替换为 'animals' 和 'lack of gravity'
考点：To that endother specieslow gravity
译文：题干：NASA科学家想了解什么？正确项：动物如何应对失重。
- A.They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.
- B.They found it difficult to figure out where they were.
- C.They were not used to the low-gravity environment.
- D.They were not sensitive to the changed environment.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位时间锚 'at the beginning of the experiment' → 捕捉状态描述 'uncomfortable' → 概括为 'not used to'
考点：at the beginninguncomfortable
译文：题干：文章说实验开始时小鼠怎么样？正确项：它们不适应失重环境。
- A.They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.
- B.They already felt at home in the new environment.
- C.They had found a lot more activities to engage in.
- D.They tried everything possible to escape from the cage.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位时间锚 'eleventh day' → 捕捉状态描述 'enjoying it' → 推断为 'felt at home'
考点：eleventh dayenjoying it
译文：题干：实验第11天观察到小鼠什么情况？正确项：它们已经在新环境中感到自在。
- A.They changed their routines in space.
- B.They began to eat less after some time.
- C.They behaved as if they were on Earth.
- D.They repeated their activities every day.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位结论句 'The study showed that...' → 捕捉核心发现 'kept much of their routines intact' → 同义替换为 'behaved as if they were on Earth'
考点：The study showedkept much of their routines intact
译文：题干：科学家从实验中发现了关于小鼠的什么？正确项：它们的行为表现得就像在地球上一样。
第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分
A. automationB. concernsC. enormouslyD. fantasticE. fascinatedF. featureG. flexibleH. inevitablyI. interactionJ. leaningK. mattersL. movingM. promisedN. shapeO. spared
参考答案与解析
答案：26-K 27-G 28-M 29-L 30-O 31-F 32-H 33-A 34-D 35-N
解析：26 空 定位空格前句“So, any disruption to the world's factories” → 分析空格处需一个谓语动词短语，表达“产生重大影响” → 结合下文“that disruption is surely coming”确认影响是必然的 → 匹配选项K “matters”（重要，有影响）
27 空 定位空格前“make them quicker, more ___, and more efficient” → 分析并列结构，空格处需一个与“quicker”（更快）、“efficient”（更高效）并列的形容词，描述工厂数字化带来的积极变化 → 匹配选项G “flexible”（灵活的）
28 空 定位空格前“And 3D printers have long ___ a world where...” → 分析句子结构，空格处需一个现在完成时的及物动词，与“a world”搭配，表达“开启、创造”之意 → 匹配选项M “ushered in”（开创，迎来）
29 空 定位空格前“That vision is ___ closer to reality.” → 分析句子结构，空格处需一个副词修饰“closer”，表达“越来越近”的程度 → 匹配选项L “increasingly”（日益，越来越）
30 空 定位空格前“Humans will be ___ many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs...” → 分析句子结构，空格处需一个动词的现在分词或过去分词，与“be”构成被动语态，表达“被取代”之意 → 匹配选项O “replaced in”（在...中被取代）
31 空 定位空格前主语 '3D printers' 与谓语 'have long' → 结合宾语 'a world where...' 判断需填入表示'开启/呈现'的动词 → 匹配 'take on' 的'承担/呈现'义项 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格所在句 'Greater efficiency ___ means fewer people...' → 分析句子逻辑，效率提升与'意味着'之间需一个表示'必然/直接'结果的副词 → 匹配 'inevitably' → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前 'see' 与后 'and robots as a solution' → 分析并列结构，需填入与 'robots' 并列、同为'解决方案'的名词 → 结合前文 'lack of skilled human workers' 推断需填入'人工智能' → 匹配 'AI' → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格所在句 'this period... is a ___ opportunity' → 分析后文 'to make the world a better place' 的积极评价 → 结合 'But' 转折前文担忧，判断此处需一个表示'独特/绝佳'的形容词 → 匹配 'unique' → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格所在句 'That's an opportunity to ___ that system differently' → 分析宾语 'that system' 指代前文 'Manufacturing' → 结合 'differently' 判断需填入表示'构建/塑造'的动词 → 匹配 'reimagine' → 得出答案
考点：语境选词动词搭配 take on近义词辨析
译文：题干：因此，对世界工厂的任何干扰都______。正确项K：matters（重要，有影响）
第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-F 2-J 3-O 4-C 5-H 6-L 7-D 8-A 9-M 10-I
解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'cities' → 在段落[F]中找到 'City kids' 与 'went home for lunch' 的对应关系 → 得出答案
37. 定位题干关键词 'TV characters' 和 'marketing strategy' → 在段落[C]中找到 'connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows' → 结合段落[A][B]中个人因卡通形象而喜爱并更换午餐盒的实例 → 推断出将电视角色印在午餐盒上是有效的营销策略 → 得出答案
38. 定位题干关键词 'smaller' 和 'fit easily into backpacks' → 在完整语篇中寻找关于午餐盒尺寸变化及其原因的描述 → 得出答案
39. 定位题干关键词 'evolved' 和 'transformation of schools' → 在段落[C]中找到 'As schools have changed... the midday meal container has evolved right along with them' → 得出答案
40. 定位题干关键词 'nineteen fifties' 和 'metal meal containers' → 在完整语篇中寻找关于20世纪50年代左右金属午餐盒出现的描述 → 得出答案
41. 定位题干关键词 'eager to get a new lunch box every year' → 在段落[B]中找到 'until... I needed the newest red plastic box' 与 'every year' 对应 → 得出答案
42. 定位题干关键词 'Rural kids' 和 'walk a long way' → 在段落[D]中找到 'kids would travel miles to school in the countryside (often on foot)' → 得出答案
43. 定位题干关键词 'proud' 和 'childhood' → 在段落[A]中找到 'a proud statement to everyone in my kindergarten' → 得出答案
44. 定位题干关键词 'plastic lunch boxes' 和 'less expensive' → 在语篇中寻找关于塑料午餐盒流行原因的描述 → 语篇未提及价格因素，但段落[A][B]暗示其流行与流行文化（卡通形象）相关 → 题干要求推断最可能原因，而“更便宜”在文中无依据 → 需结合常识与文中“连接孩子与卡通”的线索进行推断 → 得出答案
45. 定位题干关键词 'durability of metal meal containers' 和 'benefited consumers' → 在语篇中寻找关于金属容器耐用性及其对消费者益处的描述 → 语篇未直接提及“耐用性”或“消费者受益”，但段落[F]提到金属桶主要供工人使用，暗示其可能更耐用 → 题干要求匹配段落，需推断最可能描述金属容器特性的段落 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断例证支撑因果推理主旨大意时间线索无中生有识别
译文：题干：城市里的学童不需要午餐盒。正确项[F]：城市里的孩子则回家吃午饭再回来。
第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分
A growing number of U.S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s, cheaper options and longer-lasting batteries are breathing new life into the concept. Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold in Europe and China, where the bikes already have exploded in popularity. Recently, the U.S. market has grown to 263,000 bikes, a 25% gain from the prior year. The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the years developed technology for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004, the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring European sales. But lower cost options are emerging, too. This month, three U.S. bikeshare companies, Motivate, LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to their fleets. New York-based Jump Bikes is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington, D.C., and is launching in San Francisco Thursday. Rides cost $2 for 30 minutes. The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems, where riders unlock bikes through a smartphone app. "This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal to electric bikes," said Jump Bikes CEO Ryan Rzepecki. "When people first jump on an ebike, their face lights up. It's exciting and joyful in a way that you don't get from a regular bike." Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles, which sells high-end mountain bikes, found that U.S. bike shops weren't interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they'd drop the brand if it came out with an electric bike. Now that sales are taking off, the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he'll make an ebike available. "There's tremendous opportunity to get a generation of people for whom suffering isn't their thing," Cocalis said. "Ebike riders get the enjoyable part of cycling without the massive suffering of climbing huge hills."
- A.Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.
- B.They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.
- C.They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.
- D.Their widespread use is attributable to people's environmental awareness.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位首段关于ebike流行原因的描述 → 对比选项与原文信息 → 排除无依据或过度推断项
考点：细节定位同义替换推断
译文：题干：关于电动自行车，我们从文章中了解到什么？正确项C：它们直到改进的电池出现后才开始流行。
- A.Updated technology of bike manufacture.
- B.The falling prices of ebike batteries.
- C.Changed fashion in short-distance travel.
- D.The rising costs for making electric cars.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位“2004年”和“欧洲销售”相关句子 → 提取直接原因 → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：本世纪初，是什么推动了欧洲电动自行车销量的增长？正确项B：电动自行车电池价格的下降。
- A.More will be invested in bike battery research.
- B.The sales of ebikes will increase.
- C.It will profit from ebike sharing.
- D.It will make a difference in people's daily lives.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位Ryan Rzepecki的引言 → 理解其关于“长期转变”的预测 → 推断其对行业前景的看法
考点：观点态度推理判断
译文：题干：根据Ryan Rzepecki的说法，自行车行业的前景如何？正确项B：电动自行车的销量将会增加。
- A.Retailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.
- B.High profits from conventional bikes.
- C.Users' concern about risks of ebike riding.
- D.His focus on selling costly mountain bikes.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位Chris Cocalis相关段落 → 提取两年前他面临的阻碍信息 → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：是什么阻止了Chris Cocalis更早地开发电动自行车？正确项A：零售商拒绝销售电动自行车。
- A.The further lowering of ebike prices.
- B.The public's concern for their health.
- C.The increasing interest in mountain climbing.
- D.The younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位Chris Cocalis关于“巨大机会”的引言 → 理解其针对的目标人群特征 → 推断其判断依据
考点：观点态度推理判断
译文：题干：是什么让Chris Cocalis相信电动自行车销售有更大的机会？正确项D：年轻一代对舒适骑行的追求。
The terms "global warming" and "climate change" are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing? Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion. In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term "climate change" in an article published by Science. In 1979, a National Academy of Sciences report used the term "global warming" to define increases in the Earth's average surface temperature, while "climate change" more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase, such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification( ). During the following decades, some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet's climate. Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example, the language and polls expert Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of "climate change" because the phrase sounded less scary than "global warming," reported the Guardian. However, Luntz's recommendation wasn't necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart shows that by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently, and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming. NASA used the term "climate change" because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The debate isn't new. A century ago, chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet's climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that humans weren't producing enough greenhouse gases, while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.
- A.To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.
- B.To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.
- C.To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.
- D.To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位政治策略家使用术语的目的 → 同义替换 influence public opinion → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：政治家为什么使用“全球变暖”和“气候变化”这两个术语？正确项A：为了影响公众对人类活动影响的看法。
- A.it sounds less vague
- B.it looks more scientific
- C.it covers more phenomena
- D.it is much closer to reality
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位国家科学院报告对两个术语的定义 → 对比“global warming”（温度升高）与“climate change”（更广泛的影响） → 得出答案
考点：细节对比定义理解
译文：题干：在国家科学院的一份报告中，“气候变化”一词与“全球变暖”的不同之处在于_________。正确项C：它涵盖了更多的现象。
- A.Made-up survey results.
- B.False research findings.
- C.Hired climate experts.
- D.Deliberate choice of words.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位工业家和政治家误导美国人的手段 → 同义替换 Word use played a critical role → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：20世纪末的工业家们为了误导美国人，诉诸于什么手段？正确项D：刻意选择词语。
- A.To obtain more funds.
- B.For greater precision.
- C.For political needs.
- D.To avoid debate.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位NASA选择术语的原因 → 同义替换 more accurately reflects the wide range of changes → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：NASA为什么选择“气候变化”这个术语？正确项B：为了更高的精确性。
- A.Global warming is the more accurate term.
- B.Accuracy of terminology matters in science.
- C.Human activities have serious effects on Earth.
- D.Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位文章结尾的总结性陈述 → 推理作者最终强调的核心观点 → 得出答案
考点：主旨归纳推理判断
译文：题干：作者的最终结论是什么？正确项C：人类活动对地球有严重影响。
第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
The way people communicate has changed dramatically over the past few decades. In the past, staying in touch meant writing letters or making phone calls, while nowadays a tap on the screen connects us instantly. In my view, this shift has reshaped our lives in profound ways. The most obvious change lies in speed and distance. Our parents used to wait days for a letter to arrive, whereas we now send messages, photos and even video calls across continents in seconds. Take my grandmother as an example: she once relied on the post office, but today she chats with me through instant messaging and social media every night. Such tools help families stay connected regardless of where they live. However, this convenience comes at a price. When face-to-face talk is replaced by screens, warmth and sincerity may fade away. Therefore, we should embrace new means of communication while still valuing genuine human contact. Only by balancing the two can we truly benefit from these changes.
第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
Fish is an indispensable dish on the dinner table on the Spring Festival Eve, because the Chinese
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