2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析
2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套） · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2020 年 · 12月·第2套
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 听力
- 含听力
- 题量
- 39 题
- 满分
- 710 分
- 限时
- 125 分钟
- 题型结构
- 听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分
听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to the retired social worker who lost it. The waiter found a bank envelope while cleaning off a table last Saturday at a restaurant. He ran outside but the customer was gone. He opened the envelope and got a shock. After an unsuccessful search, the restaurant's owner called the Daily News for help. The "relieved" customer was reunited with her check on Wednesday. It contained money from her apartment sale, already planned for a down payment on a new home. The customer did not tip the waiter after her meal. She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined. The waiter, who's working his way through school, did accept the customer's apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.
- A.He wanted to buy a home.
- B.He suffered from a shock.
- C.He lost a huge sum of money.
- D.He did an unusual good deed.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位服务员行为描述 → 提炼核心行为（归还巨额支票、拒绝小费） → 推断其行为性质为“不寻常的善举”
考点：细节定位行为归纳语义推断
译文：题干：新闻报道关于这位服务员说了什么？正确项：他做了一件不寻常的善举。
- A.Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.
- B.Tell her story to the Daily News.
- C.Give some money to the waiter.
- D.Pay the waiter's school tuition.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位顾客取回支票后的行为描述 → 匹配“tried to give him money” → 同义替换为“Give some money to the waiter”
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：顾客取回支票后试图做什么？正确项：给服务员一些钱。
听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state's mainland. The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels. Most of the village's 169 registered voters took part in the town hall meeting. They decided in a vote of 89 to 78 to move from their land on Sarichef Island, near the Arctic Circle. Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic. It will be costly financially to the community. "About 15 years ago, they estimated the cost at $180 million. I would figure it's much higher now," Barr said. "We don't see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding." The village's roughly 650 residents have seen warming temperatures melt sea ice and permanently frozen land. This has resulted in houses falling into the water. At least 31 villages in Alaska face "immediate threats" due to climate change, the Government Accountability Office reported in 2009.
- A.Whether or not to move to the state's mainland.
- B.How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.
- C.Where to get the funds for rebuilding their village.
- D.What to do about the rising level of the seawater.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位投票事件的核心内容 → 匹配“voted... to move to the state's mainland” → 同义替换为“Whether or not to move...”
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：Maref周二的投票是关于什么的？正确项：是否搬到该州大陆。
- A.It takes too long a time.
- B.It costs too much money.
- C.It has to wait for the state's final approval.
- D.It faces strong opposition from many villagers.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位Donna Barr的发言 → 提取原因“because of the funding” → 同义替换为“It costs too much money”
考点：细节定位因果推理同义替换
译文：题干：为什么Donna Barr说他们不会很快看到计划实施？正确项：它花费太多钱。
听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them. The social experiment showed that 99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude. "I didn't think we were going to get 99. I don't know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just 'thank you.' People got into conversations with us," said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. "What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things," he said. "A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people." For the experiment, Foran's team went to a shopping center, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location. "We did have one that didn't say thank you. We're not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, but grateful people make people grateful," said Foran. the door open for them.
- A.To investigate whether people are grateful for help.
- B.To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.
- C.To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.
- D.To find out how people express gratitude.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位实验发起者的直接陈述 → 匹配“wanted to find out if people were thankful” → 同义替换为“To investigate whether people are grateful for help”
考点：主旨定位同义替换
译文：题干：这个社会实验的目的是什么？正确项：调查人们是否对帮助心存感激。
- A.They induced strangers to talk with them.
- B.They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.
- C.They held doors open for people at various places.
- D.They interviewed people who didn't say thank you.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位实验目的（induce gratitude）与具体行动（went to six places and opened the doors） → 同义替换为 held doors open at various places → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：Steve Foran和他的团队在实验中做了什么？正确项：他们在不同地点为人们开门。
- A.People can be educated to be grateful.
- B.Most people express gratitude for help.
- C.Most people have bad days now and then.
- D.People are ungrateful when in a bad mood. four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位实验核心数据（99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude） → 推理出大多数人表达感谢 → 得出答案
考点：主旨概括数据推理
译文：题干：我们从这则新闻报道中了解到什么？正确项：大多数人对帮助表示感谢。
听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: Rays Solar. Lisa's speaking. How can I help?
- A.To order a solar panel installation.
- B.To report a serious leak in his roof.
- C.To enquire about solar panel installations.
- D.To complain about the faulty solar panels.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位对话开头男士的直接陈述（I wish to enquire about solar panel installations） → 同义替换为 enquire about installations → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士打电话给女士的目的是什么？正确项：咨询太阳能电池板安装事宜。
- A.He plans to install solar panels.
- B.He owns a four-bedroom house.
- C.He saves $300 a year.
- D.He has a large family.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位关于邻居的描述（he does have a large family of six） → 直接匹配选项 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位信息匹配
译文：题干：关于男士的邻居，我们了解到什么？正确项：他有一个大家庭。
- A.The service of the solar panel company.
- B.The cost of a solar panel installation.
- C.The maintenance of the solar panels.
- D.The quality of the solar panels.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位男士最后的核心问题（could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs） → 同义替换为 the cost of installation → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士的主要关切之一是什么？正确项：太阳能电池板安装的成本。
- A.One year and a half.
- B.Less than four years.
- C.Roughly six years.
- D.About five years.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位关键信息 → 识别数字与时间关系 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：数字信息捕捉时间计算
译文：题干：一个普通家庭收回初始投资需要多长时间？正确项：大约五年。
听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
M: Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you? W: Oh, no problem. I'm interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have. M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included? W: When you say "everything," what do you mean? M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest and transport to and from the airport. W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. I'm going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of. So, what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then? M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and what dates? W: Two weeks around Christmas time would be great. M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here's one, 14 nights in southeastern Australia. Five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you're interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine. W: That sounds great. It's good we can choose some activities ourselves. tell me what deals you have.
- A.At a travel agency.
- B.At an Australian airport.
- C.At an airline transfer service.
- D.At a local transportation authority.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：识别对话场景 → 根据关键词推断地点 → 得出答案
考点：场景词汇识别人物关系推断
译文：题干：对话发生在哪里？正确项：在旅行社。
- A.She would be able to visit more scenic spots.
- B.She wanted to save as much money as possible.
- C.She would like to have everything taken care of.
- D.She wanted to spend more time with her family.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位女士表达偏好的语句 → 识别因果关系 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位因果逻辑
译文：题干：为什么女士对套餐假期感兴趣？正确项：她希望一切都安排妥当。
- A.Four days.
- B.Five days.
- C.One week.
- D.Two weeks.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位女士回答时长的语句 → 识别数字信息 → 得出答案
考点：数字信息捕捉
译文：题干：女士想去度假多长时间？正确项：两周。
- A.Choosing some activities herself.
- B.Spending Christmas with Australians.
- C.Driving along the Great Ocean Road.
- D.Learning more about wine making. questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位女士表达喜好的语句 → 识别具体细节 → 同义替换得出答案
考点：细节定位观点态度
译文：题干：女士说她喜欢这个假期套餐的哪一点？正确项：自己选择一些活动。
听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per-person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax, which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island's natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. Recycling is not one of the country's strong points. It's not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island. The regulation will come into full effect next month. "We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas." Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island's waterways, in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too. when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax.
- A.Bring their own bags when shopping.
- B.Use public transport when traveling.
- C.Dispose of their trash properly.
- D.Pay a green tax upon arrival.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'tourists' 和 'Bali Island' → 听到 'facing a new $14-per-person tax when they arrive' → 同义替换为 'pay a green tax upon arrival' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：游客访问印尼巴厘岛时必须做什么？正确项：抵达时支付绿色税。
- A.It has not been doing a good job in recycling.
- B.It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning.
- C.It has not attracted many tourists in recent years.
- D.It has experienced an overall decline in air quality.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'Indonesia' → 听到 'Recycling is not one of the country's strong points' → 同义替换为 'has not been doing a good job in recycling' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章关于印尼说了什么？正确项：它在回收方面做得不好。
- A.To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets.
- B.To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island.
- C.To promote the use of paper bags for shopping.
- D.To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'Governor Koster' 和 'new plan' → 听到 'ban single-use plastic bags and straws across the island' → 同义替换为 'ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：Koster州长最近宣布的新计划是什么？正确项：禁止在巴厘岛使用一次性塑料袋和吸管。
听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small-baby boom off the coast of America. The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That's big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years. This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. The whales give birth off the Southeast Coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast in the early spring. The Northeast Coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with "unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals." It's illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales. because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year.
- A.It gives birth to several babies at a time.
- B.It is the least protected mammal species.
- C.It's breeding grounds are now better preserved.
- D.It's population is now showing signs of increase.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'North Atlantic right whale' → 听到 'the whale population has been falling... seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year' → 推理出种群数量开始回升 → 同义替换为 'population is now showing signs of increase' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：关于北大西洋露脊鲸我们了解到什么？正确项：其种群数量现在显示出增长迹象。
- A.Global warming.
- B.Polluted seawaters.
- C.Commercial hunting.
- D.Decreasing birthrates.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'decline' 和 'whale population' → 听到 'become endangered due to commercial whaling activities' → 同义替换为 'commercial hunting' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：近年来导致鲸鱼种群数量下降的原因是什么？正确项：商业捕猎。
- A.To mate.
- B.To look for food.
- C.To escape hunters.
- D.To seek breeding grounds.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'travel to the Northeast Coast' → 听到 'travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast' → 同义替换 'feeding grounds' 为 'look for food' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：为什么鲸鱼在早春前往美国东北海岸？正确项：为了寻找食物。
听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal. And 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s. And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach. However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don't continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn't full of calories. You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking in the proteins to digest milk.
- A.They prefer to drink low-fat milk.
- B.They think milk is good for health.
- C.They consume less milk these days.
- D.They buy more milk than the British.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'Americans' → 听到 'Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s' → 同义替换 'drink 37% less milk' 为 'consume less milk' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章对美国人有什么说法？正确项：他们如今喝的牛奶更少了。
- A.It is not as healthy as once thought.
- B.It is not easy to stay fresh for long.
- C.It benefits the elderly more.
- D.It tends to make people fat.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'think of milk nowadays' → 听到 'what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular' 和 'Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light' → 综合推断出牛奶不再像过去那样被认为健康 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位综合推断
译文：题干：如今美国人和英国人如何看待牛奶？正确项：它不像过去被认为的那样健康。
- A.They drink too many pints every day.
- B.They are sensitive to certain minerals.
- C.They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.
- D.They have eaten food incompatible with milk.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'drinking milk cause pain' → 听到 'Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria... This can cause physical pain' → 同义替换 'Without enough of these proteins' 为 'lack the necessary proteins' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：为什么喝牛奶会导致一些人疼痛？正确项：他们缺乏消化牛奶所需的必要蛋白质。
- A.It is easier for sick people to digest.
- B.It provides some necessary nutrients.
- C.It is healthier than other animal products.
- D.It supplies the body with enough calories.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'benefit of milk' → 听到 'Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein' → 同义替换 'contains vitamins... and protein' 为 'provides some necessary nutrients' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章说牛奶的一个好处是什么？正确项：它提供一些必要的营养素。
第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分
A. chooseB. constantC. disappointingD. distinguishE. exhaustingF. experiencedG. negativeH. outcomeI. patternJ. pluralK. repeatedlyL. rewardedM. separatelyN. simplyO. undertaken
参考答案与解析
答案：26-B 27-G 28-K 29-L 30-C 31-H 32-I 33-D 34-N 35-O
解析：26 空 定位空格前 'don't benefit from' → 结合后文 'over-praising' 与 'too much praise' 的负面语境 → 选择表示‘过度’或‘过多’含义的形容词
27 空 定位空格前 'over-praising can have a' → 结合转折词 'However' 与后文负面描述 → 选择表示‘负面’或‘相反’效果的形容词
28 空 定位空格前 'use the same praise' → 结合后文 'it may become empty' → 选择表示‘方式’或‘频率’的副词
29 空 定位空格前 'anything they do must be' → 结合后文 'with praise' → 选择表示‘伴随’或‘被给予’的动词过去分词
30 空 定位空格前 'fear of' → 结合后文 'their parents' 与前文 'avoiding taking risks' → 选择表示‘让…失望’或‘未能满足…期望’的动名词
31 空 定位空格前文‘over-praising can have a... effect’ → 结合转折词‘However’与负面语境 → 选择表示‘相反的’形容词
32 空 定位空格前文‘When we use the same praise...’ → 结合后文‘it may become empty’ → 选择表示‘方式’或‘频率’的副词
33 空 定位空格前文‘anything they do must be... with praise’ → 结合‘expectation’与被动语态 → 选择表示‘伴随’或‘获得’的动词过去分词
34 空 定位空格前文‘fear of... their parents’ → 结合‘avoiding taking risks’与负面情绪 → 选择表示‘让失望’的动名词
35 空 定位空格前文‘focus on the process rather than the...’ → 结合‘process’的对比对象 → 选择表示‘结果’的名词
考点：语境选词近义词辨析固定搭配
译文：根据心理学家凯瑟琳·菲利普的说法，孩子们从【过度的】赞扬中获益的程度，并不像我们想象的那么大。
第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-E 2-H 3-M 4-J 5-D 6-F 7-N 8-I 9-C 10-L
解析：36. 定位题干关键信息（legislative staffer, woman of color, childcare, single mother）→ 在语篇中寻找对应段落（D段提及Mothering Justice组织游说 childcare 问题）→ 匹配段落E（语篇未提供，但根据题干与D段内容推断E段应包含该具体事例）
37. 定位题干核心观点（不同种族、性别、地区的人们都缺乏经济保障）→ 在语篇中寻找概括性表述（C段首句'Today's faces of income inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us'及后续具体例子）→ 匹配段落H（语篇未提供，但根据题干与C段内容推断H段应为总结性段落）
38. 定位题干关键信息（survey, majority believe too little assistance, more than a third believe too much is spent on welfare）→ 在语篇中寻找相关调查数据或观点（语篇未直接提供，但根据题干与文章主题推断M段应包含该调查结果）→ 匹配段落M
39. 定位题干关键信息（research group, Americans who are struggling, thought to be lazy, wrong decisions）→ 在语篇中寻找相关研究或观点（语篇未直接提供，但根据题干与文章主题推断J段应包含该研究发现）→ 匹配段落J
40. 定位题干关键信息（old system, mother stay home, take care of children）→ 在语篇中寻找对应表述（D段末尾提及'the vestiges of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children'）→ 匹配段落D
41. 定位段落 → 匹配题干关键信息（近50%美国人贫穷或低薪） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落
42. 定位段落 → 匹配题干关键信息（美国人高估黑人领取福利的比例） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落
43. 定位段落 → 分析题干逻辑（完全靠自己脱贫不可能） → 在语篇中寻找支持或反驳该观点的论述
44. 定位段落 → 匹配题干关键信息（如今似乎无人能摆脱收入不平等） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落
45. 定位段落 → 匹配题干关键信息（对穷人的假设在他们靠福利生活时变得更负面） → 在语篇中寻找对应段落
考点：细节定位指代与衔接主旨大意推理判断观点态度细节定位与捕捉
译文：题干：一位立法助理认为，一位倡导负担得起的托儿服务的有色人种女性一定是单身母亲。正确项E（语篇未提供，但根据上下文推断为包含该具体事例的段落）
第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分
Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London's Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics. What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is "the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity." But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else's? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual's overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person's feelings of boredom in a given situation. Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did. But boredom isn't all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive. In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.
- A.When they don't have the chance to do what they want.
- B.When they don't enjoy the materials they are studying.
- C.When they experience something unpleasant.
- D.When they engage in some routine activities.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位定义句 → 提取核心要素（wanting, unable, satisfying activity） → 同义替换匹配选项
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：根据一个公认的心理学定义，人们何时可能感到无聊？ 正确项：当他们没有机会做他们想做的事情时。
- A.Determination.
- B.Concentration.
- C.Mental deterioration.
- D.Harmful conduct.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘Boredom has been linked to...’ → 提取行为问题列表 → 归纳为‘harmful conduct’
考点：细节定位归纳概括
译文：题干：作者说无聊会导致什么？ 正确项：有害行为。
- A.Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
- B.Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
- C.Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
- D.Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位‘One team of psychologists discovered...’ → 区分该团队与‘another team’的实验 → 提取‘would rather self-administer electric shocks’的发现
考点：细节定位指代区分
译文：题干：一个心理学家团队在他们的实验中发现了什么？ 正确项：许多志愿者选择伤害自己而不是忍受（无聊）。
- A.It stimulates memorization.
- B.It allows time for relaxation.
- C.It may promote creative thinking.
- D.It may facilitate independent learning.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘But boredom isn't all bad.’ → 提取后续解释‘spur creativity’ → 同义替换匹配选项
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：作者为什么说无聊并非全是坏事？ 正确项：它可能促进创造性思维。
- A.Stop idling and think big.
- B.Unlock one's smartphone.
- C.Look around oneself for stimulation.
- D.Allow oneself some time to be bored.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘A British study...’的实验设计与结果 → 推断作者建议（先做无聊活动再做创造性任务效果更好） → 匹配选项
考点：推理判断实验结论应用
译文：题干：作者建议人们在面对挑战性问题时做什么？ 正确项：允许自己有一段无聊的时间。
Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more land and that the trees in them are bigger. What is going on? Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more land in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Now forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s. Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding, trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change, the desire for more trees remains constant. The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
- A.Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
- B.Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
- C.Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
- D.Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'catching environmentalists' attention' → 对应首段首句 'Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists' → 后文解释原因 'South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale' → 同义替换为 'Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：如今什么正引起环保人士的关注？正确项：许多发展中国家的森林正在迅速减少。
- A.Those that have newly achieved independence.
- B.Those that have the greatest demand for timber.
- C.Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
- D.Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'fastest forest growth' → 对应语篇 'with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees' → 同义替换为 'Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：哪些国家的森林增长最快？正确项：那些过去森林覆盖率最低的国家。
- A.The government's advocacy.
- B.The use of wood for fuel.
- C.The favourable climate.
- D.The green movement.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'historically' → 对应语篇 'Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons' → 同义替换为 'The government's advocacy'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：历史上是什么促进了森林增长？正确项：政府的倡导。
- A.Their unique scenic beauty.
- B.Their use as fruit plantations.
- C.Their capability of improving air quality.
- D.Their stable supply of building materials.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'increasing desire for forests' → 对应语篇 'Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air' → 同义替换为 'Their capability of improving air quality'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：是什么导致了我们对森林日益增长的需求？正确项：它们改善空气质量的能力。
- A.Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
- B.It will play a more and more important role in people's lives.
- C.Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
- D.Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'conclude about the prospects' → 对应末段 'The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere' → 推理：西方森林增长与发展中地区森林减少趋势相反 → 同义替换为 'Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions'
考点：推理判断同义替换
译文：题干：作者对森林化的前景得出了什么结论？正确项：发达国家和发展中国家正朝着相反的方向发展。
第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
How people travel has changed dramatically over the past few decades. In the past, most of my grandparents' generation walked or rode bicycles to work, and a trip to another city took a whole day by slow train. Nowadays, the picture looks completely different. The most obvious change lies in the variety and speed of transport. Today we can take the subway across a huge city in minutes, reach a distant province by high-speed rail in a few hours, or simply open an app to call a car or unlock a shared bike. Two forces drive this shift. Technological progress makes fast and smart travel possible, while rising incomes and growing environmental concerns push people toward high-speed rail and new-energy vehicles. In my view, these changes have made our lives far more convenient and our cities greener. As technology keeps advancing, I firmly believe transportation will become even faster, cleaner and smarter in the years to come.
第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
It is a tradition for Chinese people to have the reunion dinner on Chinese New Year's Eve. The reunion dinner is the most important dinner of the year and also the best occasion for family reunion, especially for families whose members live in different places. The dishes served at the reunion dinner are rich and varied, some of which have special meanings. For example, fish is an indispensable dish, because the Chinese character for "fish" (yu) sounds the same as the character for "surplus" (yu). In many parts of China, dumplings are also an important dish, because they symbolize wealth and good luck.
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