2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析
2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2020 年 · 12月·第1套
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 听力
- 含听力
- 题量
- 39 题
- 满分
- 710 分
- 限时
- 125 分钟
- 题型结构
- 听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分
听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warn scientists. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus, and the eastern Mediterranean. Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people. Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing. The fish, often known as Devil Firefish, is a highly invasive species, and environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life. After being spotted in the Mediterranean, a marine scientist says, "The fish is spreading, and that's a cause for concern." Mediterranean, warn scientists.
- A.Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
- B.The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.
- C.Invasive species are driving away certain native species.
- D.A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位导语句 → 识别核心事实（鱼被发现） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：新闻报道了什么？正确项：一种致命鱼类在地中海水域被发现。
- A.It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.
- B.It could pose a threat to other marine species.
- C.It could disrupt the food chains there.
- D.It could add to greenhouse emissions.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位环保人士观点句 → 识别担忧对象（其他海洋生物） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：环保人士对魔鬼火鱼在地中海的扩散有何担忧？正确项：它可能对其他海洋物种构成威胁。
听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Almost half the center of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day. This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time. Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car-Free Day last year. Hidalgo also has supported a "Paris Breathes" day. On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road. About 400 miles of streets will be closed to cars. It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels. Last year's car-free day showed a 40 percent drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city, according to an independent air pollution monitor, reports The Guardian —and sound levels dropped by 50 percent in the city's center. 50% World Car-Free Day. will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday About half of its city center will be closed to cars. A Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
- A.Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.
- B.Pedestrians will have free access to the city.
- C.About half of its city center will be closed to cars.
- D.Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位事件核心安排句 → 识别具体措施（市中心一半区域禁车） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：巴黎世界无车日当天会发生什么？正确项：其市中心约一半区域将对汽车关闭。
- A.The unbearable traffic noise.
- B.The worsening global warming.
- C.The ever-growing cost of petrol.
- D.The rising air pollution in Paris.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位市长动机句 → 识别因果信号（in response to） → 锁定原因（空气污染）
考点：细节定位因果逻辑
译文：题干：是什么促使巴黎市长在她的城市推广首个世界无车日？正确项：巴黎日益严重的空气污染。
听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life. The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off the coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago. When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesa told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he'd kept hidden in his run-down wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at 76 million pounds. The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum only weighs 14 pounds. That is 5 times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in. The monstrous pearl measured at one foot wide and 2.2 feet long is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town. out his possessions and change locations.
- A.His house was burnt down in a fire.
- B.Many of his possessions were stolen.
- C.His good luck charm sank into the sea.
- D.His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位渔民遭遇句 → 识别关键事件（房屋火灾） → 匹配同义改写
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：菲律宾渔民有一天遭遇了什么？正确项：他的房子在火灾中被烧毁。
- A.Change his fishing locations.
- B.Find a job in a travel agency.
- C.Sell the pearl he had kept for years.
- D.Spend a few nights on a small island.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 forced → 听到 forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations → 识别 forced to sell it 与题干 forced to do 同义 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：渔民被迫做了什么？正确项：卖掉他珍藏多年的珍珠。
- A.His pearl could be displayed in a museum.
- B.His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.
- C.The largest pearl in the world weighs 14 pounds.
- D.A New York museum has the world's biggest pearl. four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 tourist agent → 听到 tourist agent told him that... was the biggest pearl... valued at 76 million pounds → 识别 extremely valuable 为最大/价值高的概括 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义概括
译文：题干：渔民从旅游代理人那里得知了什么？正确项：他的巨型珍珠极其珍贵。
听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: Mr. Smith, it's a pleasure meeting you.
- A.It boasts a fairly long history.
- B.It has over 50 business partners.
- C.It has 75 offices around the world.
- D.It produces construction materials.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 woman's company → 听到 We are a global company with 75 years of history → 识别 fairly long history 为 75 年历史的同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：我们了解到女士的公司什么情况？正确项：它拥有相当悠久的历史。
- A.It was started by his father.
- B.It has about 50 employees.
- C.It is over 100 years old.
- D.It is a family business.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 man's company → 听到 This is a family business started by my grandfather → 识别 family business 为直接对应 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位直接对应
译文：题干：男士说他自己的公司什么情况？正确项：它是一家家族企业。
- A.Outdated product design.
- B.Loss of competitive edge.
- C.Shortage of raw material supply.
- D.Legal disputes in many countries.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 main problem → 听到 Our main challenge is that... losing competitive advantage → 识别 Loss of competitive edge 为同义替换 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士公司面临的主要问题是什么？正确项：竞争优势的丧失。
- A.Introducing innovative marketing strategies.
- B.Seeking new ways to increase its exports.
- C.Providing training for its staff members.
- D.Conducting a financial analysis for it.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位女士建议句 → 识别同义替换（financial analysis） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：女士建议做什么来帮助男士的公司？正确项：为它进行财务分析。
听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: Wow, congratulations, Simon! The place looks absolutely amazing! M: Really? You think so? W: Of course. I love it. It looks like you had a professional interior designer. But you didn't, did you? M: No. I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother Greg. He's actually in the construction business, which was really helpful. W: I honestly am impressed. I know I could probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn't know where to start. M: Well, for a while now, I've been regularly buying home design magazines. Every now and then, I'd save a picture I liked. Believe it or not, I had a full notebook of magazine pages. Since my overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn't be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg's help, it was very achievable. W: Was it very expensive? I've imagined a project like this could be. M: Actually it was surprisingly affordable. I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material. Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well. W: Great. If you don't mind, I'd like to pick your brains a bit more. Jonathan and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we'd love to get some inspiration from your experience. Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week? weekend or something, but not a full renovation.
- A.She is a real expert at house decorations.
- B.She is really impressed by the man's house.
- C.She is well informed about the design business.
- D.She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位女士对男士房子的评价 → 识别其赞叹态度 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位观点态度
译文：题干：我们从对话中了解到女士的什么信息？正确项：她对男士的房子印象深刻。
- A.From a construction businessman.
- B.From his younger brother Greg.
- C.From home design magazines.
- D.From a professional interior designer.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位男士回答灵感来源的句子 → 识别同义替换（home design magazines） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士从哪里获得这个项目的灵感？正确项：从家居设计杂志。
- A.The cost was affordable.
- B.The style was fashionable.
- C.The effort was worthwhile.
- D.The effect was unexpected.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位男士描述项目成本的句子 → 识别同义替换（affordable） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士如何描述他最近完成的项目？正确项：成本是可负担的。
- A.She'd like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.
- B.She'd like to show him around her newly-renovated house.
- C.She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.
- D.She wants him to share his renovation experience with her. questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位女士邀请男士的句子 → 推断其意图（pick your brains） → 得出答案
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：女士为什么邀请男士下周去她家？正确项：她希望他分享翻新经验。
听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost three million pounds a year, a study suggests. Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases—95% of objects removed from noses and 85% from ears. Every year an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose. Five- to nine-year-olds come to the hospital with something in their ears the most. Jewellery items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears. According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity. Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears. This resulted in the accidental entry of foreign objects. Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults. Batteries can pose a particular danger. In all cases prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important. year, a study suggests.
- A.Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.
- B.Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.
- C.Removing objects from patients' noses and ears.
- D.Providing routine care for small children.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 three million pounds → 对应录音首句 Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs... → 同义替换 objects = foreign objects → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义改写
译文：题干：英格兰每年在什么上花费三百万英镑？正确项：从病人的鼻子和耳朵中取出异物。
- A.Children aged one to four are often more curious than older children.
- B.Five- to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.
- C.Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.
- D.Many children like to smell things they find or play with.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 England's Hospital Episode Statistics → 对应录音中该短语后内容 → 提取具体数据：五至九岁儿童耳朵异物最多 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位数据提取
译文：题干：我们从英格兰医院诊疗统计中了解到什么？正确项：五至九岁的儿童最有可能把东西放进耳朵。
- A.They want to attract attention.
- B.They tend to act out of impulse.
- C.They are unaware of the potential risks.
- D.They are curious about these body parts.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 generally believed to account for → 对应录音中 generally attributed to → 提取原因 curiosity → 同义替换 curious about these body parts → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：人们普遍认为是什么导致儿童把东西放进耳朵或鼻子？正确项：他们对这些身体部位感到好奇。
听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Good morning. Today, I would like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle. But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Leila Rahimi. She was so scared when she first moved to New Zealand that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies. After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to join a local bike club. At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle. Within weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom. To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars. With a bike, newcomers here can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day, they used to spend walking to and from English language lessons, have been reduced to just one hour. Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers. Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult for an adult, and this can take days and weeks, rather than hours. So if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at ReBicycle and make a difference in someone's life.
- A.It gave her a used bicycle.
- B.It paid for her English lessons.
- C.It delivered her daily necessities.
- D.It provided her with physical therapy.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 ReBicycle do to help Leila Rahimi → 对应录音中 ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle → 同义替换 second-hand = used → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：ReBicycle为帮助Leila Rahimi做了什么？正确项：它给了她一辆二手自行车。
- A.Expanding bike-riding lessons.
- B.Providing free public transport.
- C.Offering walking tours to visitors.
- D.Asking local people for donations.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 ReBicycle doing to help → 对应录音中 is now expanding bike-riding lessons → 直接匹配选项 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位
译文：题干：ReBicycle正在做什么来帮助有需要的人？正确项：扩大自行车骑行课程。
- A.It is a sports club.
- B.It is a language school.
- C.It is a counseling center.
- D.It is a charity organization.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位首段核心句 'my charity ReBicycle' → 结合后文 'donated more than 200 bikes to those in need' → 概括为慈善组织
考点：charitydonatedin need
译文：题干：关于ReBicycle，我们从文章中了解到什么？正确项：它是一个慈善组织。
听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Thanks to the International Space Station, we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice. The results are both interesting and humorous. The scientists first sent some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station. The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. As you'll notice in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage, and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. However, it's not long before the mice begin to catch on. They adapt remarkably well to their new environment and even use the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage. That's when things really get wild. The eleventh day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls. The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth. The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. focusing on mice.
- A.How animals deal with lack of gravity.
- B.How mice interact in a new environment.
- C.How low gravity affects the human body.
- D.How mice imitate human behavior in space.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位信号词 'To that end' → 捕捉其后目的句 'studying how other species deal with low gravity' → 同义替换为 'animals' 和 'lack of gravity'
考点：To that endother specieslow gravity
译文：题干：NASA科学家想了解什么？正确项：动物如何应对失重。
- A.They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.
- B.They found it difficult to figure out where they were.
- C.They were not used to the low-gravity environment.
- D.They were not sensitive to the changed environment.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位时间锚 'at the beginning of the experiment' → 捕捉状态描述 'uncomfortable' → 概括为 'not used to'
考点：at the beginninguncomfortable
译文：题干：文章说实验开始时小鼠怎么样？正确项：它们不适应失重环境。
- A.They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.
- B.They already felt at home in the new environment.
- C.They had found a lot more activities to engage in.
- D.They tried everything possible to escape from the cage.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位时间锚 'eleventh day' → 捕捉状态描述 'enjoying it' → 推断为 'felt at home'
考点：eleventh dayenjoying it
译文：题干：实验第11天观察到小鼠什么情况？正确项：它们已经在新环境中感到自在。
- A.They changed their routines in space.
- B.They began to eat less after some time.
- C.They behaved as if they were on Earth.
- D.They repeated their activities every day.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位结论句 'The study showed that...' → 捕捉核心发现 'kept much of their routines intact' → 同义替换为 'behaved as if they were on Earth'
考点：The study showedkept much of their routines intact
译文：题干：科学家从实验中发现了关于小鼠的什么？正确项：它们的行为表现得就像在地球上一样。
第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分
A. constantlyB. credibleC. essentialD. exploringE. gatherF. loadG. miserableH. pressureI. properlyJ. recordsK. removedL. stacksM. suspicionN. trackedO. watching
参考答案与解析
答案：26-C 27-M 28-G 29-A 30-O 31-J 32-K 33-F 34-I 35-H
解析：26 空 定位空格所在句（In the workplace, too, trust is ___.）→ 分析上下文（前文强调信任对生活至关重要，后文举例说明缺乏信任的后果）→ 结合选项词义与搭配（trust is essential/crucial/vital）→ 选择最符合语境且与is搭配的形容词
27 空 定位空格前 'full of fear and' → 分析并列结构与语境（缺乏信任的组织氛围）→ 选择与 'fear' 并列的负面抽象名词 → 'suspicion' 符合语境
28 空 定位空格所在句（描述不信任员工的老板） → 分析语境（老板会不断检查、纠正、提醒） → 推断空格处需一个表示“困难、不愉快”的形容词 → 匹配选项词义与搭配 → 得出答案
29 空 定位空格所在句（描述不信任的同事行为）→ 分析空格前后逻辑（需要花更多时间做某事，而非做有用工作）→ 结合语境（不信任导致防备行为）→ 选择符合“提防、防备”语义的动词短语
30 空 定位空格所在句（描述缺乏信任导致的额外工作）→ 分析空格与宾语（extra work）的动宾搭配 → 识别 take on（承担）为唯一符合语境的搭配 → 得出答案
31 空 定位空格前主语 'extra work' 与介词 'onto' → 识别固定搭配 'take on' 表示承担 → 结合语境 '我们因不信任而承担的额外工作' → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格前 'could be' → 判断此处需要过去分词构成被动语态 → 结合语境 '这种无价值的工作能被______' → 识别 'eliminate'（消除）符合逻辑 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前 'workload' → 结合前文 'extra time' 与 'disappear' → 推断此处指工作量减少 → 识别 'decrease'（减少）符合语境 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格前 'do them' → 结合前文 'correctly' 与 'or at all' → 推断此处需要副词修饰 'do' → 识别 'properly'（正确地）与 'correctly' 同义 → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格前 'workload' → 结合前文 'extra time' 与 'disappear' → 推断此处指工作量减少 → 识别 'decrease'（减少）符合语境 → 得出答案
考点：语境选词形容词作表语近义词辨析动词搭配 take on非谓语动词（过去分词）
译文：题干：在职场中，信任同样______。正确答案：essential（至关重要的）
第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-H 2-D 3-K 4-B 5-G 6-I 7-E 8-C 9-H 10-F
解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'inequality' → 在段落[H]中找到 'growing inequality' 与 'harder for the poor to get ahead' 的因果关系 → 匹配段落[H]
37. 定位题干关键词 'immigrants' 和 'move upward' → 在段落[D]中找到 'immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility' → 匹配段落[D]
38. 定位题干关键词 'fundamental beliefs' 和 'shaken' → 在段落[K]中找到 'If San Jose can't solve its problems, it could shake one of America's fundamental beliefs' → 匹配段落[K]
39. 定位题干关键词 'best cities' 和 'move up' → 在段落[B]中找到 'one of the best places to grow up poor in America' 和 'had the best shot in the country at reaching the top quintile' → 匹配段落[B]
40. 定位题干关键词 'questionable' 和 'today' → 在段落[G]中找到 'But is that still true today?' 和 'some people living in San Jose say it has become much harder' → 匹配段落[G]
41. 定位题干关键词 'poor kids' 和 'resources necessary for success' → 在段落[D]中找到对应信息 'providing opportunities' 和 'innovative companies' → 同义替换得出答案
42. 理解题干 'best features of America' 的含义 → 在段落[A]中定位 'land of opportunity' 这一美国核心特征 → 段落[A]整体描述了圣何塞作为机遇之地的特征，与题干主旨匹配
43. 定位题干关键词 'social mobility' 和 'beat many other progressive cities' → 在段落[C]中找到直接对应信息 'higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis' → 得出答案
44. 理解题干 'prospects... have dimmed' 的含义（前景黯淡） → 在语篇中寻找关于圣何塞贫困人群前景变化的描述 → 段落[H]（未提供全文，但根据题干和选项逻辑推断）应包含房价上涨等变化导致前景变差的信息 → 与题干构成同义替换
45. 理解题干 'do not have a clear idea'（不清楚原因） → 在语篇中寻找关于研究者对圣何塞成功原因认知状态的描述 → 段落[F]（未提供全文，但根据题干和选项逻辑推断）应包含研究者对原因不明确或存在争议的信息 → 与题干构成同义替换
考点：细节定位因果关系历史事实推理判断主旨大意最高级表述观点态度同义替换主旨概括特征识别直接匹配
译文：题干：据一些居住在圣何塞的人说，由于不平等加剧，穷人变得更难出人头地。正确项[H]：然而，圣何塞的不平等现象正在加剧，这使得穷人更难出人头地。
第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分
Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition. Half of these are behavioural disorders, while one third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression, which often become outwardly apparent through self-harm. There was an astonishing 52 percent jump in hospital admissions for children and young people who had harmed themselves between 2009 and 2015. Schools and teachers have consistently reported the scale of the problem since 2009. Last year, over half of teachers reported that more of their pupils experience mental health problems than in the past. But teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils' mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Service . Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer 'early intervention( )' and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line. The only way to break the pressures on both mental health services and schools is to reinvest in early intervention services inside schools. There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety, a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting . There are already examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum. This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.
- A.There are too many students requiring special attention.
- B.They are under too much stress counselling needy students.
- C.Schools are inadequately equipped to implement any intervention.
- D.They lack the necessary resources to address pupils' mental problems.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位教师抱怨的段落 → 提取‘ill-equipped’、‘lack of training, expertise and support’等关键信息 → 同义替换为‘lack the necessary resources’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：老师们在抱怨什么？正确项D：他们缺乏解决学生心理健康问题的必要资源。
- A.They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.
- B.They facilitate local residents' everyday lives.
- C.They prove ineffective in helping mental patients.
- D.They cover preventative care for the local resident.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位‘community health services’相关段落 → 提取‘fewer...services based in the community’、‘Cuts to local authority budgets...resulted in a significant decline’ → 同义替换为‘deteriorated due to budget cuts’
考点：细节定位因果关系
译文：题干：关于英国的社区健康服务，我们能了解到什么？正确项A：由于预算削减，它们已经恶化。
- A.At home.
- B.At school.
- C.In hospitals.
- D.In communities.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位作者建议的段落 → 提取‘reinvest in early intervention services inside schools’、‘schools are best placed to provide mental health services’ → 直接对应‘At school’
考点：细节定位观点提取
译文：题干：作者建议心理健康服务应设置在哪里？正确项B：在学校。
- A.Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
- B.Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.
- C.Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.
- D.Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘Recent studies’相关句子 → 提取‘children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment’ → 同义替换为‘more comfortable seeking counselling in school’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：从最近的研究中我们了解到什么？正确项C：学生在学校寻求咨询时感觉更自在。
- A.Simplification of schools' academic curriculums.
- B.Parents' involvement in schools' policy-making.
- C.A change in teachers' attitudes to mental health.
- D.A change in the conception of what schools are.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位‘cultural shift’所在句及上下文 → 结合后文‘reimagining schools as providers of health’ → 推断‘cultural shift’指对学校角色的根本性观念转变
考点：上下文推断词义猜测
译文：题干：作者在第6段第2行所说的‘a cultural shift’是什么意思？正确项D：对学校是什么的观念的改变。
Picture this: You're at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $3.50 and the large is $5.50. It's a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there's a third option, a medium soda for $5.25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you're like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow). If you're wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there's a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy( ), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small. I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions to The Economist. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two "real" choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option. Brain scientists call this effect "asymmetric dominance" and it means that people gravitate toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it. The decoy effect works because of the way our brains assign value when making choices. Value is almost never absolute; rather, we decide an object's value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.
- A.To illustrate people's peculiar shopping behavior.
- B.To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.
- C.To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.
- D.To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位首段举例 → 推断举例目的 → 得出答案
考点：举例目的推断主旨归纳
译文：题干：作者为什么让我们想象在电影院买食物？正确项：为了说明人们奇特的购物行为。
- A.To attract more customers to buy it.
- B.To show the price matches the amount.
- C.To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.
- D.To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位中杯定价描述 → 关联后文“诱饵效应”解释 → 推断定价意图
考点：细节定位因果推断
译文：题干：中杯汽水为什么这样定价？正确项：为了让顾客相信他们得到了实惠。
- A.Lower-priced goods attract more customers.
- B.The Economist's promotional strategy works.
- C.The Economist's print edition turns out to sell the best.
- D.More readers choose the digital over the print edition.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位Ariely实验描述 → 提取实验结论（诱饵效应） → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位结论匹配
译文：题干：我们从Dan Ariely的实验中学到了什么？正确项：《经济学人》的促销策略奏效了。
- A.To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.
- B.To help customers to make more rational choices.
- C.To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.
- D.To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位“the bad option”指代 → 关联其作用描述（诱饵效应） → 推断添加目的
考点：指代理解目的推断
译文：题干：添加“the bad option”（第3段第7行）的目的是什么？正确项：诱使顾客购买更贵的商品。
- A.By considering its usefulness.
- B.By comparing it with other choices.
- C.By taking its quality into account.
- D.By examining its value equation.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位价值评估相关语句 → 提取关键信息（相对性） → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据文章，我们如何评估商品的价值？正确项：通过与其他选择进行比较。
第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Education is undergoing a profound transformation. Not long ago, learning meant sitting in a fixed classroom and listening to a teacher; today it is being reshaped by technology into something far more flexible and personal. In my view, these changes make education more open and effective than ever before. The clearest sign of this shift is the rise of online and blended learning. During and after the pandemic, millions of students turned to video lectures and learning apps, so that a lesson could be paused, replayed and studied at one's own pace. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence now recommends exercises based on each learner's weak points, transforming a one-size-fits-all lecture into tailored guidance. These tools break the old limits of time and place and let knowledge reach anyone with a phone. Admittedly, no screen can fully replace a caring teacher. Yet the direction is clear: education is moving from rigid instruction toward flexible, learner-centred study. If we embrace these tools wisely, learning will become both wider in reach and deeper in quality.
第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
People living in different parts of China have diverse diets. People in the north mainly eat wheat- based foods, while those in the south mostly eat rice. In coastal areas, seafood and freshwater products make up a large proportion of people's diets, while in other regions, meat and dairy products are more common. Residents of provinces such as Sichuan and Hunan generally love spicy food, while people from Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food. However, because cooking methods vary, the taste of the same food may differ.
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