2021年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析
2021年06月大学英语四级真题（第2套） · 完整收录
- 年份考次
- 2021 年 · 6月·第2套
- 命题归属
- 全国统一命题
- 省份
- 全国
- 听力
- 含听力
- 题量
- 39 题
- 满分
- 710 分
- 限时
- 125 分钟
- 题型结构
- 听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
- 收录格式
开始考试（微信）
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分
听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
An 81-year-old man ended up in Germany by accident after trying to get from Newcastle, Great Britain, to Rome, Italy. The old age pensioner was on a mission to see the Pope, who is head of the Catholic Church, and decided to make his way there by car. He was surprised when his GPS system told him he had arrived, although there were no signs of any of the famous buildings or architecture. The man parked but didn't put on the handbrake of his car properly. His car rolled backwards, and in a striking display of irony, hit a sign saying "Rom"—the small town in North Germany he had mistakenly plugged into the GPS system. Police said that the car had come to a halt after hitting the sign, but did not appear to be seriously damaged, although an ambulance was called to check on the pensioner. The man, who lives in the UK and is originally Italian, might have been confused by the fact that Rome is written "Roma" in Italian and "Rom" in German. and decided to make his way there by car.
- A.See the Pope.
- B.Go to Newcastle.
- C.Travel to Germany.
- D.Tour an Italian city.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位关键短语 'on a mission to see the Pope' → 同义替换为 'See the Pope' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：这位养老金领取者计划做什么？正确项A：见教皇。
- A.He was taken to hospital in an ambulance.
- B.His car hit a sign and was badly damaged.
- C.His GPS system went out of order.
- D.He ended up in the wrong place.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位关键短语 'ended up in Germany by accident' → 同义替换为 'ended up in the wrong place' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：这位老人最后怎么样了？正确项D：他最终到了错误的地方。
听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Glasgow has pledged to become the first carbon neutral city in the UK. The city's council and ScottishPower have announced a range of strategies in an attempt to reduce carbon emissions ahead of the new national target of 2045. First Minister Nicola Sturgeon welcomed the pledge, and said: "Today's announcement between ScottishPower and Glasgow City Council—to make Glasgow the UK's first net-zero city—is a very welcome step. Reaching our goals will need exactly this kind of partnership approach—with government, business, local authorities and citizens all playing their part." Speaking ahead of the All Energy Conference being held in Glasgow, ScottishPower chief executive Keith Anderson said: "We have a large supply of renewable energy on our doorstep and one of the only two low emission zones in action across the UK. Now, we need to invest in the technologies and programmes that transform the rest of Glasgow's economy and make us net zero before anyone else."
- A.Scotland will reach the national target in carbon emissions reduction ahead of schedule.
- B.Glasgow City Council has made a deal with ScottishPower on carbon emissions.
- C.Glasgow has pledged to take the lead in reducing carbon emissions in the UK.
- D.First Minister Nicola Sturgeon urged ScottishPower to reduce carbon emissions.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位首句核心信息 'pledged to become the first carbon neutral city' → 同义替换为 'pledged to take the lead in reducing carbon emissions' → 得出答案
考点：主旨概括同义替换
译文：题干：我们从这则新闻报道中了解到什么？正确项C：格拉斯哥承诺在减少碳排放方面走在前列。
- A.Glasgow needs to invest in new technologies to reach its goal.
- B.Glasgow is going to explore new sources of renewable energy.
- C.Stricter regulation is needed in transforming Glasgow's economy.
- D.It's necessary to create more low-emission zones as soon as possible.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位人物发言 'we need to invest in the technologies and programmes' → 同义替换为 'needs to invest in new technologies' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：ScottishPower的首席执行官在全能源会议前说了什么？正确项A：格拉斯哥需要投资新技术以实现其目标。
听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A Japanese IT firm has officially introduced an "office cat" policy to combat the stressful environment of the workplace. A total of nine furry friends freely wander around in the office and do whatever their little hearts desire. Hidenobu Fukuda, who heads the firm, introduced the pet policy, upon request from one of his employees, allowing staff to bring their own cats to work. Employee Eri Ito is grateful for their animals' comforting ways. "Cats are sleeping just beside us. It's healing." she said. Not only does Fukuda encourage bringing cats to the job, but he also encourages his employees to rescue cats from overpopulated shelters or streets. He gives 5,000 yen, about 45 US dollars a month to those who rescue a cat. While the positives are many, there are still some obstacles. "Sometimes a cat will walk on a phone and cut off the call, or they shut down the computers by walking onto the off switch," Ito says. Still, cats in the workplace have been a tremendous success for the company. The policy has led to various other companies doing the same. his employees, allowing staff to bring their own cats to work.
- A.It donates money to overpopulated animal shelters.
- B.It permits employees to bring cats into their office.
- C.It gives 5,000 yen to employees who keep pet cats.
- D.It allows workers to do whatever their hearts desire.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位关键信息 'allowing staff to bring their own cats to work' → 同义替换为 'permits employees to bring cats into their office' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：我们从这则新闻报道中了解到这家日本IT公司的什么信息？正确项B：它允许员工将猫带入办公室。
- A.Keep cats off the street.
- B.Rescue homeless cats.
- C.Volunteer to help in animal shelters.
- D.Contribute to a fund for cat protection.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'encourage' → 听到 'he also encourages his employees to rescue cats from overpopulated shelters or streets' → 同义替换 'rescue cats from...streets' 为 'Rescue homeless cats'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：福田鼓励他的员工做什么？正确项：救助无家可归的猫。
- A.It has contributed tremendously to the firm's fame.
- B.It has helped a lot to improve animals' well-being.
- C.It has led some other companies to follow suit.
- D.It has resulted in damage to office equipment. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'policy' → 听到 'The policy has led to various other companies doing the same' → 同义替换 'led...to follow suit' 为 'follow suit'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：新闻报道关于该公司的政策说了什么？正确项：它促使其他一些公司效仿。
听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
M: Has Jimmy been coming in lately?
- A.Find out where Jimmy is.
- B.Borrow money from Jimmy.
- C.Make friends with Jimmy.
- D.Ask Jimmy what is to be done.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干 'the man want to do' → 听到 'I need to see him...I thought I'd come in and check with you' → 推理 'check with you' 意为 'find out where Jimmy is'
考点：细节定位推理判断
译文：题干：这位男士想做什么？正确项：找出吉米在哪里。
- A.He was unsure what kind of fellow Jimmy was.
- B.He was working on a study project with Jimmy.
- C.He wanted to make a sincere apology to Jimmy.
- D.He wanted to invite her to join in a study project.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干 'the man who came to see the woman yesterday' → 听到 'saying he needed Jimmy for some study project they were working on' → 同义替换为 'He was working on a study project with Jimmy'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：我们了解到昨天来见这位女士的男士什么情况？正确项：他正在和吉米一起做一个研究项目。
- A.He got a ticket for speeding.
- B.He got his car badly damaged.
- C.He was involved in a traffic accident.
- D.He had an operation for his injury.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干 'Jimmy say happened to him' → 听到 'He told us he'd got into an accident...he damaged someone's car' → 同义替换 'got into an accident' 为 'was involved in a traffic accident'
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：吉米说有一天他发生了什么事？正确项：他卷入了一场交通事故。
- A.He needed to make some donations to charity.
- B.He found the 60 pounds in his pocket missing.
- C.He wanted to buy a gift for his mother's birthday.
- D.He wanted to conceal something from his parents.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位男士解释借钱原因 → 提取‘he doesn't want his parents to know’ → 同义替换为‘conceal something from his parents’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：根据男士的说法，Jimmy为什么借钱？正确项：他想对父母隐瞒一些事情。
听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
W: Hi, Max. How are you? Listen. I wanted to ask you about ordering shopping online. I've never done it before and I know that you've been doing it for ages. M: Sure. I love getting my shopping delivered. It makes life so much simpler—no carrying heavy shopping bags in the rain, or trying to park the car on those huge supermarket car parks then not being able to find it again after you come out of the shops. W: But there must be some problems. I mean, how do you know that you won't get bad fruit, or that the eggs won't be broken? M: Oh, come on. The food is exactly the same as the stuff you buy in a conventional shop. They aren't going to deliver you food that is out of date. And if you get a broken egg, well, that could happen in a conventional shop, too. If anything is really wrong, you can just take photographs of the damage, and they will give you the money back or replace the item. W: How about delivery fees? Is it not more expensive to get everything delivered? M: I actually found that it was cheaper for me, as I live quite far away from my local supermarket. So with the deliveries, I'm actually saving on petrol. W: I've never thought of that. If you aren't driving your own car, then you are saving on fuel. Right, you've convinced me. I'm going to go on the computer now and give it a try. So, which supermarket do you think is the best to order from? M: Oh, no. That's definitely up to you. Otherwise, we'll be here all day.
- A.Shopping delivery.
- B.Shopping online.
- C.Where he goes shopping.
- D.How often he does shopping.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位女士开场白‘I wanted to ask you about ordering shopping online’ → 直接对应选项B
考点：细节定位原词复现
译文：题干：女士想问Max关于什么？正确项：网上购物。
- A.Searching in the aisles.
- B.Dealing with the traffic.
- C.Driving too long a distance.
- D.Getting one's car parked.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位男士描述实体超市购物的缺点 → 提取‘trying to park the car... then not being able to find it’ → 同义替换为‘Getting one's car parked’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士认为在超市购物有什么问题？正确项：停车。
- A.The after-sales service.
- B.The replacement policy.
- C.The quality of food products.
- D.The damage to the packaging.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位女士提出的问题 → 提取‘how do you know that you won't get bad fruit, or that the eggs won't be broken?’ → 归纳为对食品质量的担忧
考点：细节定位归纳概括
译文：题干：女士对网上购物有什么担忧？正确项：食品产品的质量。
- A.It saves money.
- B.It offers more choice.
- C.It increases the joy of shopping.
- D.It is less time-consuming. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre .
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位男士陈述个人发现 → 提取‘I actually found that it was cheaper for me... I'm actually saving on petrol’ → 同义替换为‘saves money’
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：男士发现网上购物怎么样？正确项：它省钱。
听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
A recent study found that 10 percent of British children suffer from math anxiety. This means they have overwhelming negative emotions towards the subject, ranging from rage to despair. Other emotions triggered by math include feelings of "tension and frustration". Physical symptoms include a racing heart or struggling to catch breath. The phenomenon of math anxiety is characterized as a general sense of feeling that the subject is hard compared with other subjects leading to a subsequent lack or loss of confidence. Researchers said they investigated individuals' attitudes towards mathematics because of what could be referred to as a mathematics crisis in the UK. There's a widespread misunderstanding that only low performing children suffer from math anxiety. People automatically assume children are anxious about math because they are poor achievers. In fact, more than three quarters of children with high levels of math anxiety are normal to high achievers. Probably their math anxiety will go unnoticed because their performance is good. But in the long term their performance is negatively affected. So the real danger here is that children who will be completely able to do math at a normal level may keep away from it because they feel anxious. Math anxiety can severely disrupt students' performance in the subject in both primary and secondary school. But importantly—and surprisingly—this new study suggests that the majority of students experiencing math anxiety have normal to high math ability. they have overwhelming negative emotions towards the subject, ranging from rage to despair.
- A.They have little talent for learning math.
- B.They need medical help for math anxiety.
- C.They need extra help to catch up in the math class.
- D.They have strong negative emotions towards math.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'recent study' → 听到 'This means they have overwhelming negative emotions towards the subject' → 同义替换 'overwhelming' 为 'strong'，'the subject' 为 'math' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：最近的一项研究发现一些英国儿童有什么情况？正确项：他们对数学有强烈的负面情绪。
- A.It will gradually pass away without teachers' help.
- B.It affects low performing children only.
- C.It is related to a child's low intelligence.
- D.It exists mostly among children from poor families.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'widespread misunderstanding' → 听到 'There's a widespread misunderstanding that only low performing children suffer from math anxiety' → 直接对应选项 B 的 'affects low performing children only' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位原词复现
译文：题干：关于数学焦虑，普遍存在的误解是什么？正确项：它只影响成绩差的孩子。
- A.Most of them have average to strong math ability.
- B.Most of them get timely help from their teachers.
- C.They will regain confidence with counselling.
- D.They are mostly secondary school students.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'British students with math anxiety' → 听到 'the majority of students experiencing math anxiety have normal to high math ability' → 同义替换 'majority' 为 'most'，'normal to high' 为 'average to strong' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章对有数学焦虑的英国学生说了什么？正确项：他们大多数具有中等到较强的数学能力。
听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
People spend a lot of time using phones and computers. Much of that time is devoted to text messages and social media. But many people choose to spend their time playing computer games. For years, parents and teachers have worried that these games might be addictive. And now, the World Health Organization has recognized addiction to computer games as a disease. The organization explains that this decision reflects general agreement among experts around the world that some people have a problem with these games. They show a pattern of behavior characterized by a lack of control. Such people make computer games a priority over their responsibilities. They may play games instead of attending school, or work, or socializing. According to the World Health Organization experts, people's use of computer games is different from their use of the Internet, social media and online shopping. These experts claim there is not sufficient data to indicate that people's reliance on those other activities is an addiction. But they argue that playing computer games to access is different. This behavior can become a disorder. To meet the new definition for addiction, the behavior must damage a person's relationships or performance at school or work, and this must last for at least a year. Still not all behavior experts agree. Some argue that there's not enough research on the subject. Thus, they claim it is too early to call computer game addiction a disorder. a disease. recognized addiction to computer games as a disease.
- A.Social media addiction is a threat to our health.
- B.Too many people are addicted to smartphones.
- C.Addiction to computer games is a disease.
- D.Computer games can be rather addictive.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干关键词 'World Health Organization' 和 'recently' → 听到 'And now, the World Health Organization has recognized addiction to computer games as a disease' → 直接对应选项 C → 得出答案
考点：细节定位原词复现
译文：题干：世界卫生组织最近得出了什么结论？正确项：电脑游戏成瘾是一种疾病。
- A.They prioritize their favored activity over what they should do.
- B.They do their favored activity whenever and wherever possible.
- C.They are unaware of the damage their behavior is doing to them.
- D.They are unable to get rid of their addiction without professional help.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'people with addictive behavior' → 听到 'Such people make computer games a priority over their responsibilities' → 同义替换 'make...a priority over' 为 'prioritize...over'，'responsibilities' 为 'what they should do' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章对有成瘾行为的人说了什么？正确项：他们将自己偏好的活动置于应做之事之上。
- A.It may be less damaging than previously believed.
- B.There will never be agreement on its harm to people.
- C.It may prove to be beneficial to developing creativity.
- D.There is not enough evidence to classify it as a disease.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干主语'behavior experts' → 听到'Still not all behavior experts agree... they claim it is too early to call computer game addiction a disorder' → 同义替换为'not enough evidence to classify it as a disease' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：一些行为专家对电脑游戏成瘾有什么看法？正确项：没有足够的证据将其归类为一种疾病。
听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）
Maybe you carry the most powerful passport in the world, or perhaps the rarest passport. Whatever the case, your passport will likely be one of four colors: red, blue, green or black, although there are slight variations. Switzerland's passport is dark red, for example, while most European countries prefer a shade of red. That's almost brown. There are no official rules regarding passport colors, but countries follow a certain set of norms when designing them. The International Civil Aviation Organization, which works to define the principles of air travel, suggests that countries use a suitable type, size and style for official documents like passports. There are also a few compulsory aspects of passports. They must be made from a material that bends. They should be able to be read by a machine at temperatures ranging from 10 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius, under the conditions where the air can be extremely dry or moist. Despite these existing recommendations, there is nothing regarding the cover color. Why? Simply put, countries stick to darker and more conservative colors because they appear more official. And they can also hide dirt and wear. While there's little innovation when it comes to passport cover color, the same cannot be said for the pages. The passports of many countries can take images of their well-known geographical features and wildlife, which also function as security features as some are only visible under a special light. of red.
- A.They are relatively uniform in color and design.
- B.They appear more formal than other passports.
- C.They are a shade of red bordering on brown.
- D.They vary in color from country to country.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干主语'most European passports' → 听到'most European countries prefer a shade of red. That's almost brown' → 同义替换为'a shade of red bordering on brown' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：我们了解到大多数欧洲护照的什么信息？正确项：它们是一种接近棕色的红色。
- A.They must endure wear and tear.
- B.They must be of the same size.
- C.They must be made from a rare material.
- D.They must follow some common standards.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词'design of passports' → 听到'countries follow a certain set of norms when designing them' → 同义替换为'follow some common standards' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：文章关于护照设计说了什么？正确项：它们必须遵循一些共同的标准。
- A.They look more traditional.
- B.They look more official.
- C.They are favored by airlines.
- D.They are easily identifiable.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词'dark colors'和'passport covers' → 听到'countries stick to darker and more conservative colors because they appear more official' → 直接对应选项B → 得出答案
考点：细节定位因果关系
译文：题干：为什么护照封面选择深色？正确项：它们看起来更正式。
- A.For beauty.
- B.For variety.
- C.For visibility.
- D.For security.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词'images inside many passports' → 听到'which also function as security features' → 直接对应选项D → 得出答案
考点：细节定位功能识别
译文：题干：许多护照内页图片的一个特殊功能是什么？正确项：为了安全。
第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分
A. abruptlyB. appointmentsC. consequencesD. debatingE. dimensionsF. friendlyG. hinderedH. idiomI. implicationJ. pushingK. severelyL. sparkedM. splittingN. surveyO. touches
参考答案与解析
答案：26-I 27-B 28-D 29-O 30-C 31-L 32-F 33-J 34-N 35-K
解析：26 空 定位空格前句‘Social isolation poses more health risks...’ → 分析空格后句‘that loneliness is a huge... risk factor’为同位语从句，解释前句结论 → 选择表示‘结论/发现’的名词
27 空 定位空格前‘go to doctor’ → 分析并列结构‘to go to doctor ___, to exercise or to eat...’ → 选择与‘go to doctor’构成合理搭配的副词，表示‘定期地’
28 空 定位空格前‘are’ → 分析句子结构‘are ___ how to address...’ → 选择能接‘how to do’结构的动词，且符合‘公共卫生专家正在思考/研究如何解决’的语境
29 空 定位空格后‘almost every one of us at some point’ → 分析主语‘Loneliness’与宾语‘almost every one of us’的关系 → 选择表示‘影响/触及’的动词
30 空 定位空格前‘very serious health’ → 分析‘health ___’的常见搭配 → 选择表示‘问题/后果’的名词，且与‘serious’搭配合理
31 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析主语‘Loneliness’与宾语‘almost every one of us’的逻辑关系 → 识别‘take on’的‘呈现、具有’含义 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析‘benches’的定语从句解释（公共座位区，鼓励人们聊天） → 识别‘friendly’的‘友好的、便于交流的’含义 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析‘stop public transportation from being cut’这一目的 → 识别‘working’的‘努力、致力于’含义 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析‘2018’与‘said’的搭配 → 识别‘survey’的‘调查’含义 → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格所在句 → 分析‘30% of relationships are ___ strained’的结构 → 识别‘already’的‘已经’含义，强调现状 → 得出答案
考点：语境选词同位语从句理解固定搭配并列结构非谓语动词（动名词）近义词辨析动词搭配 take on
译文：题干：社会隔离比肥胖或每天吸15支烟带来更大的健康风险，根据杨百翰大学发表的研究。____是孤独是一个巨大的、沉默的风险因素。正确项I (finding)：研究发现/结论是...
第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分
参考答案与解析
答案：1-C 2-H 3-E 4-B 5-K 6-D 7-G 8-A 9-I 10-F
解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'anumeric people' 和 'keep track of the change in numbers' → 在段落C中找到对应实验描述 'Responses suggest that anumeric people have some trouble keeping track of how many nuts remain in the can, even if there are only four or five in total' → 同义替换 'even when the total is very small' 与 'even if there are only four or five in total' 匹配 → 得出答案C
37. 定位题干核心观点 'Human numerical instincts are not so superior to those of other mammals' → 在段落H（未提供全文，但根据题型推断为后续段落）中寻找关于人类数字本能与其他哺乳动物比较的论述 → 推断该段落可能包含对人类数字能力优越性的质疑或比较 → 得出答案H
38. 定位题干关键词 'anumeric does not affect one's cognitive ability' → 在段落E（未提供全文，但根据题型推断为后续段落）中寻找关于无数字概念不影响认知能力的论述 → 推断该段落可能强调无数字语言使用者在其他认知领域的正常或优势 → 得出答案E
39. 定位题干关键词 'humans who use numbers are a very small minority' → 在段落B中找到对应论述 'But, in a historical sense, number-conscious people like us are the unusual ones. For the bulk of our species' approximately 200,000-year lifespan, we had no means of precisely representing quantities.' → 同义替换 'a very small minority' 与 'the unusual ones' 匹配 → 得出答案B
40. 定位题干核心观点 'An in-depth study of differences between human languages contributes to a true understanding of cognitive differences between cultures' → 在段落K（未提供全文，但根据题型推断为后续段落）中寻找关于语言差异研究与文化认知差异理解之间关系的论述 → 推断该段落可能总结语言研究对理解认知差异的贡献 → 得出答案K
41. 定位题干关键词 'conclusion' 'experiments' 'anumeric people' → 在段落[D]中找到 'This and many other experiments have led to a simple conclusion' → 同义替换 'struggle to make quantitative distinctions' 为 'have a hard time distinguishing quantities' → 得出答案
42. 定位题干核心 'not an inborn skill' → 在段落[D]中找到 'When people do not have number words, they struggle...' → 推理：如果缺乏语言工具（数字词汇）就导致能力缺失，说明该能力并非与生俱来 → 得出答案
43. 定位题干关键词 'Every aspect' 'lives' 'affected by numbers' → 在段落[A]中找到 'The exact numbers we think with impact everything in our lives' → 同义替换 'impact everything' 为 'Every aspect... is affected' → 得出答案
44. 定位题干核心 'Larger numbers are built upon smaller numbers' → 在语篇中寻找关于数字构建的逻辑 → 段落[D]提到 'struggle to make quantitative distinctions'，暗示数字系统是构建性的 → 推理：如果区分小数量都困难，那么大数字必然建立在小数字概念之上 → 得出答案
45. 定位题干核心 'takes great efforts for children to grasp' → 在语篇中寻找关于儿童学习数字的困难 → 段落[C]提到 'adults who were never taught number words' 和 'struggle to precisely distinguish' → 推理：如果未受教育的成年人尚且困难，那么儿童学习数字词汇必然需要巨大努力 → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换推理判断观点对比观点捕捉观点总结隐含逻辑
译文：题干：对于没有数字概念的人来说，即使总数很小，也很难追踪数字的变化。正确项C：段落C描述了无数字语言使用者在追踪罐中坚果数量时的困难，即使总数只有四五个。
第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分
Sugar shocked. That describes the reaction of many Americans this week following revelations that, 50 years ago, the sugar industry paid Harvard scientists for research that shifted the focus away from sugar's role in heart disease—and put the spotlight squarely on dietary fat. What might surprise consumers is just how many present-day nutrition studies are still funded by the food industry. Nutrition scholar Marion Nestle of New York University spent a year informally tracking industry- funded studies on food. "Roughly 90% of nearly 170 studies favored the sponsor's interest," Nestle tells us. Other systematic reviews support her conclusions. For instance, studies funded by Welch Foods—the brand behind Welch's 100% Grape Juice—found that drinking Concord grape juice daily may boost brain function. Another, funded by Quaker Oats, concluded, as a Daily Mail story put it, that "hot oatmeal breakfast keeps you full for longer." Last year, The New York Times revealed how Coca-Cola was funding well-known scientists and organizations promoting a message that, in the battle against weight gain, people should pay more attention to exercise and less to what they eat and drink. Coca-Cola also released data detailing its funding of several medical institutions and associations between 2010 and 2015. "It's certainly a problem that so much research in nutrition and health is funded by industry," says Bonnie Liebman, director of nutrition at the Center for Science in the Public Interest. "When the food industry pays for research, it often gets what it pays for." And what it pays for is often a pro-industry finding. Given this environment, consumers should be skeptical when reading the latest finding in nutrition science and ignore the latest study that pops up on your news feed. "Rely on health experts who've reviewed all the evidence," Liebman says, pointing to the official government Dietary Guidelines, which are based on reviews of hundreds of studies. "And that expert advice remains pretty simple," says Nestle. "We know what healthy diets are—lots of vegetables, not too much junk food, balanced calories. Everything else is really difficult to do experimentally."
- A.They raised public awareness of the possible causes of heart disease.
- B.They turned public attention away from the health risks of sugar to fat.
- C.They placed the sugar industry in the spotlight with their new findings.
- D.They conducted large-scale research on the role of sugar in people's health.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位题干关键词 'Harvard scientists' 和 '50 years ago' → 在语篇首段定位到相关事实 → 识别同义替换 'shifted the focus away from sugar's role' 与 'put the spotlight squarely on dietary fat' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：哈佛大学的科学家们50年前做了什么？正确项B：他们将公众的注意力从糖对健康的危害上转移开了。
- A.They took her a full year to track and analyze.
- B.Most of them are based on systematic reviews.
- C.They depend on funding from the food industries.
- D.Nearly all of them serve the purpose of the funders.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干人物 'Marion Nestle' → 在语篇中定位其直接引语 → 识别同义替换 'favored the sponsor's interest' 与 'serve the purpose of the funders' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：Marion Nestle对当今的营养学研究有何评价？正确项D：几乎所有的研究都服务于资助者的目的。
- A.Exercise is more important to good health than diet.
- B.Choosing what to eat and drink is key to weight control.
- C.Drinking Coca-Cola does not contribute to weight gain.
- D.The food industry plays a major role in fighting obesity.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位题干关键词 'Coca-Cola-funded studies' → 在语篇中定位相关描述 → 识别同义替换 'pay more attention to exercise and less to what they eat and drink' 与 'Exercise is more important... than diet' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：可口可乐资助的研究声称了什么？正确项A：运动比饮食对健康更重要。
- A.It simply focuses on nutrition and health.
- B.It causes confusion among consumers.
- C.It rarely results in objective findings.
- D.It runs counter to the public interest.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位题干人物 'Liebman' → 在语篇中定位其直接引语 → 识别同义替换 'gets what it pays for' 与 'rarely results in objective findings' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：Liebman对行业资助的研究有何看法？正确项C：它很少产生客观的发现。
- A.Follow their intuition in deciding what to eat.
- B.Be doubtful of diet experts' recommendations.
- C.Ignore irrelevant information on their news feed.
- D.Think twice about new nutrition research findings.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位题干关键词 'author's advice' → 在语篇末段定位建议性语句 → 识别同义替换 'be skeptical' 与 'think twice' → 得出答案
考点：细节定位同义替换
译文：题干：作者对消费者有何建议？正确项D：对新的营养学研究发现要三思。
Success was once defined as being able to stay at a company for a long time and move up the corporate ladder. The goal was to reach the top, accumulate wealth and retire to a life of ease. My father is a successful senior executive. In 35 years, he worked for only three companies. When I started my career, things were already different. If you weren't changing companies every three or four years, you simply weren't getting ahead in your career. But back then, if you were a consultant or freelancer , people would wonder what was wrong with you. They would assume you had problems getting a job. Today, consulting or freelancing for five businesses at the same time is a badge of honor. It shows how valuable an individual is. Many companies now look to these "ultimate professionals" to solve problems their full-time teams can't. Or they save money by hiring "top-tier experts" only for particular projects. Working at home or in cafes, starting businesses of their own, and even launching business ventures that eventually may fail, all indicate "initiative," "creativity," and "adaptability," which are desirable qualities in today's workplace. Most important, there is a growing recognition that people who balance work and play, and who work at what they are passionate about, are more focused and productive, delivering greater value to their clients. Who are these people? They are artists, writers, programmers, providers of office services and career advice. What's needed now is a marketplace platform specifically designed to bring freelancers and clients together. Such platforms then become a place to feature the most experienced, professional, and creative talent. This is where they conduct business, where a sense of community reinforces the culture and values of the gig economy , and where success is rewarded with good reviews that encourage more business. Slowly but surely, these platforms create a bridge between traditional enterprises and this emerging economy. Perhaps more important, as the global economy continues to be disrupted by technology and other massive change, the gig economy will itself become an engine of economic and social transformation.
- A.How long people took to reach the top of their career.
- B.How people accumulated wealth in his father's time.
- C.How people viewed success in his father's time.
- D.How long people usually stayed in a company.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位父亲事例 → 提取其与成功定义的关联 → 推断其例证目的
考点：细节定位例证目的推断
译文：题干：作者用他父亲的例子来说明什么？正确项：在他父亲那个时代，人们如何看待成功。
- A.It was considered a fashion at that time.
- B.It was a way to advance in their career.
- C.It was a response to the changing job market.
- D.It was difficult to keep a job for long.
参考答案与解析
答案：B
解析：定位作者职业生涯初期 → 提取换工作与职业发展的因果关系 → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位因果关系识别
译文：题干：为什么在作者开始职业生涯时，人们经常换工作？正确项：这是在当时职业上取得进步的一种方式。
- A.They are often regarded as most treasured talents.
- B.They are able to bring their potential into fuller play.
- C.They have control over their life and work schedules.
- D.They feel proud of being outstanding problem solvers.
参考答案与解析
答案：A
解析：定位‘同时为多家企业工作’的描述 → 提取其象征意义（荣誉、价值） → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位象征意义推断
译文：题干：关于现在同时为多家企业工作的人，作者说了什么？正确项：他们常被视为最宝贵的人才。
- A.Who is capable of solving problems with ease.
- B.How people can be more focused and productive.
- C.What kind of people can contribute more to them.
- D.Why some people are more passionate about work.
参考答案与解析
答案：C
解析：定位‘日益增长的认识’相关内容 → 提取其核心（平衡工作与生活、做热爱之事的人更有价值） → 匹配选项
考点：细节定位主旨概括
译文：题干：企业现在认识到了什么？正确项：什么样的人能为他们做出更多贡献。
- A.It may force companies to reform their business practice.
- B.It may soon replace the traditional economic model.
- C.It will drive technological progress on a global scale.
- D.It will bring about radical economic and social changes.
参考答案与解析
答案：D
解析：定位关于零工经济的总结性陈述 → 提取其未来影响（经济和社会转型的引擎） → 匹配选项
考点：主旨概括未来影响推断
译文：题干：关于零工经济，作者说了什么？正确项：它将带来根本性的经济和社会变革。
第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考范文
Is technology making people lazy? My answer is a qualified yes: while technology itself is neutral, the way most of us use it does breed laziness of both mind and body. To begin with, technology encourages mental laziness. When a search engine can answer any question in seconds and a navigation app can guide every turn, few people bother to think, memorize or reason on their own. Gradually, we outsource our brains and lose the habit of deep thinking. Physical laziness follows the same logic: with delivery apps and online services, many people rarely walk, cook or move, so their bodies grow as idle as their minds. Admittedly, technology can also make us more efficient. Yet the tool is not to blame; our passive dependence is. Therefore, the real question is not whether technology makes us lazy, but whether we control it or let it control us. Used wisely, it frees us; used blindly, it enslaves us.
第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分
参考答案与解析
参考译文
Pu'er tea (also known as Pur'er tea) is deeply loved by the Chinese people. The best Pu'er tea comes from Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, where the climate and environment provide the ideal conditions for the growth of Pu'er tea trees. It has a darker color and a taste that is quite different from that of many other teas. The longer Pu'er tea is brewed, the more flavorful it becomes. Moreover, many tea lovers especially enjoy its unique aroma and taste. Pu'er tea contains many elements beneficial to health. Drinking it regularly helps protect the heart and blood vessels, and also helps lose weight, relieve fatigue and promote digestion.
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