2023年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2023年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

年份考次
2023 年 · 12月·第2套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
33 题
满分
660.3 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 19 题 205.9 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 9 题 63.9 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力19 题 · 206 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A police officer in the U.S. stopped a large SUV car that was going very slowly and drifting across lanes on a highway. He expected to find a driver who was either very drunk or having a medical emergency. Instead, the officer discovered a five-year-old boy sat on the edge of the driver's seat. His feet could barely reach the brake, and his head was only just high enough to see out of the windows. The child had taken the keys to the family car while his teenage sister was napping. He then drove three kilometers across town before getting on the highway. The boy later told confused officers that he was planning to travel to California and buy a Lamborghini sports car. Although he only had three dollars in his wallet, at least he was driving in the right direction. wheel. D) He saw the driver changing lanes much too frequently. across lanes on a highway.

1. Why did the police officer stop the SUV car?
  1. A.He noticed the driver was too young to drive. C) He thought something must be wrong with the
  2. B.He found there was no one sitting at the wheel. driver.
  3. C.He saw the driver changing lanes much too frequently.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位警察停车原因 → 听到 'going very slowly and drifting across lanes' → 匹配选项 C 'thought something must be wrong with the driver'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：警察为什么拦下那辆SUV？正确项：他认为司机出了问题。

2. What did the boy tell the police officers he was planning to do?
  1. A.Buy a sports car. C) Leave California.
  2. B.Drive across town. D) Visit his sister.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男孩告诉警察的计划 → 听到 'planning to travel to California and buy a Lamborghini sports car' → 匹配选项 A

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男孩告诉警察他打算做什么？正确项：买一辆跑车。

听力原文 · Question 3（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Mobile phones have changed the way we live, how we read, work, communicate, and shop. But we already know this. What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons, possibly altering not just the way we behave but even the very shape of our bodies. New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia, suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads. These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend their heads when they use the phone. This shifts weight onto the muscles at the back of the head and causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal. This process can be compared to the way the skin hardens in response to constant rubbing or pressure. The result is a piece of bone like a horn that sticks out from the head by the neck. skeletons, possibly altering not just the way we behave but even the very shape of our bodies.

3. What does the report say we have not yet understood about mobile phones?
  1. A.How they change the way we shop. C) How they cause increased headaches.
  2. B.How they alter human skeletons. D) How they affect our communication.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位 'What we have not yet understood' → 听到 'changing our skeletons' → 匹配选项 B

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：报告说我们尚未理解手机的什么方面？正确项：它们如何改变人体骨骼。

听力原文 · Questions 6 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A village is going to throw a birthday party for an orange cat named Wilbur, who has become famous for making a regular appearance at local shops. Wilbur has his own Internet pages as he approaches his 10th birthday on July 7. Wilbur is both bold and friendly. He spends most of his time in shops and businesses around the village. He'll just take himself into any shop, anywhere. There was one time when the doctor's receptionist came back and he was sitting on her chair. Among his favorite haunts are a local hairdresser, two pubs, and the Nottingham Primary School. Lesley Harper, who runs one of the pubs, said the cat has been a big hit with their customers. "He's been a regular visitor for most of this year," she told the Press Association. "He's a very relaxed cat, happy for customers and villagers young and old to come in and say hello." She also said he is a cat of expensive tastes who likes his high priced cat food. Sarah Godfrey, who is organizing Wilbur's party, told the local newspaper, "Wilbur is part of our lives, as he is for everyone who lives in the village." famous for making a regular appearance at local shops.

6. What do we learn from the report about the cat?
  1. A.He is a bold and aggressive pet. C) He once bit a doctor's receptionist.
  2. B.He pays regular visits to village shops. D) He likes to sit on the hairdresser's chair.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位猫的日常行为描述 → 提取‘spends most of his time in shops’与‘regular appearance’ → 同义替换为‘pays regular visits’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于这只猫，我们从报告中得知了什么？正确项：它经常光顾村里的商店。

7. What does the pub owner, Lesley Harper, say about the cat?
  1. A.He is fond of luxury cat food. C) He knows everybody in the village.
  2. B.He likes to stay in villagers' houses. D) He often seeks food around her pub. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位酒吧老板Lesley Harper的发言 → 提取‘cat of expensive tastes who likes his high priced cat food’ → 同义替换为‘fond of luxury cat food’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：酒吧老板Lesley Harper说了关于这只猫的什么？正确项：它喜欢昂贵的猫粮。

听力原文 · Questions 10 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: So, where do you want to go for lunch? W: I don't know. Do you have anything in mind? M: What about the Sandwich Place on Camden Street?

10. Why does the woman say she needs to get back by 2:30?
  1. A.There is to be a conference call. C) There will be crowds of people waiting for her.
  2. B.She has to meet with her boss then. D) She will have a photo taken with Brigette Clark.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士说‘I need to get back by 2:30’的语句 → 提取紧随其后的原因‘for a conference call’ → 同义替换为‘There is to be a conference call’

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：女士为什么说她需要在2:30前回去？正确项：因为要开一个电话会议。

11. Why does the woman say Jeremy should throw his soup in the bin?
  1. A.She doesn't deem homemade soup tasty. C) She feels Jeremy would rather dine out.
  2. B.She doesn't think his wife cooks well. D) She has found the soup smells terrible.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女士评价Jeremy妻子厨艺的语句 → 提取‘terrible cook’的负面评价 → 同义替换为‘doesn't think his wife cooks well’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：女士为什么说Jeremy应该把汤扔进垃圾桶？正确项：她认为他的妻子做饭不好。

听力原文 · Questions 13 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Hi, there. How are you today? Do you have a reservation with us already? M: Good afternoon. Yes, we reserved our rooms yesterday morning on your website for three nights. The name's Patterson. W: Okay. Let me have a look. Yes, we have it here. You brought the whole family with you, I see. M: Yes, the two kids, my wife and I, and her parents too. W: Great. So we have a family room for you and your wife and the kids, and another double room for your parents-in-law. They are right next to each other on the ground floor, since you mentioned in your message that they have trouble with stairs. M: That's wonderful. My father-in-law has had terrible problems getting up and down stairs since his knee operation last April. W: I'm sorry to hear that. And if you need any help to find transportation for the whole family, we can definitely recommend someone for you. M: We were thinking of renting a car, but we will explore all the options available for sure. So, yes, that would be very helpful in comparing prices. We're also wondering what tours and day trips are available. W: We have bunches of brochures here. I would recommend getting out on a boat trip. The kids will love it and there are so many islands nearby to explore. There's also a great night market further into town that has all kinds of food and cool little shops selling souvenirs and local jewelry and clothing made by hand. M: That all sounds marvelous. W: Now, all I need is to photocopy your passports and then I can get you all checked in and show you to your rooms. I can get you all checked in and show you to your rooms.

13. What do we learn about the man's father-in-law from the conversation?
  1. A.He was involved in a terrible car accident last C) He is expected to undergo a knee operation. April. D) He prefers to stay next door to the children.
  2. B.He has much difficulty getting up and down stairs.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位关于岳父的描述 → 提取‘has had terrible problems getting up and down stairs since his knee operation’ → 同义替换为‘has much difficulty getting up and down stairs’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们从对话中了解到男士的岳父什么情况？正确项：他上下楼梯非常困难。

15. What does the woman suggest the man and his family do close to the end of the conversation?
  1. A.Visit a local art gallery. C) Take some photos of the islands.
  2. B.Go on a boat trip. D) Try her hand-made clothing. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话结尾女士的建议 → 提取‘I would recommend getting out on a boat trip’ → 同义替换为‘Go on a boat trip’

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：对话接近尾声时，女士建议男士一家做什么？正确项：去乘船游览。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Artificial intelligence agents play ever more influential roles in our lives. They do everything from suggesting new friends to recommending purchases. They're even beginning to drive our cars. Another role that they are expected to take over is negotiating on our behalf in commercial transactions or legal disputes. So, it's important to know whether using an artificial intelligence agent might affect how we negotiate. Research indicates that it does. In a new study, participants were told to imagine that they were negotiating for something important to them, like a house. Next they were told either that they would negotiate for themselves, or they would program an artificial intelligence agent to negotiate for them. Participants then completed a survey indicating how tough, deceptive and pleasant or otherwise they wanted to be, or wanted their agent to be, in the negotiations. For example, participants could choose to be tough by making an opening demand far greater than what they'd be willing to accept. They could also choose to express sympathy with their opponent to appear pleasant. But they could also indicate that they—or their agent—would strategically express anger toward the opponent to gain advantage, or they could opt to convey dissatisfaction with the encounter so that the other party would think they were losing interest. These are both examples of deceptive strategies. Participants were more willing to employ deceptive strategies when assigned an agent to negotiate on their behalf.

16. What does the passage say about artificial intelligence agents?
  1. A.They are more intelligent than many of us.
  2. B.They have already become our new friends.
  3. C.They have begun to affect our social behavior.
  4. D.They play increasingly more important roles.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首句 → 同义替换 ever more influential → increasingly more important → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：关于人工智能代理，文章说了什么？正确项：它们扮演着越来越重要的角色。

17. What does the new study want to find out about using an artificial intelligence agent?
  1. A.Whether it might have any effect on the way we negotiate.
  2. B.Whether it might actually outperform human negotiators.
  3. C.Whether it can facilitate business transactions.
  4. D.Whether it can speed up legal procedures.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位研究目的句 → 同义替换 affect how we negotiate → have any effect on the way we negotiate → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：这项新研究想弄清楚使用人工智能代理的什么问题？正确项：它是否可能对我们谈判的方式产生任何影响。

18. What did participants tend to do when assigned an AI agent to negotiate on their behalf?
  1. A.Choose to be tough.
  2. B.Sympathize with their opponent.
  3. C.Use deceptive strategies.
  4. D.Appear to be pleasant.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位研究结论句 → 同义替换 employ deceptive strategies → use deceptive strategies → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：当被分配AI代理代为谈判时，参与者倾向于做什么？正确项：使用欺骗性策略。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

New research has studied the effects of a seven-week healthy cooking course. Academics measured the program's effect on cooking confidence and self-perceived mental health. Researchers also measured participants' overall satisfaction around cooking and diet-related behaviors. What were the findings? Course participants saw significant improvements in general health. They also reported improved mental health and subjective vitality immediately after the program. These benefits remained six months after the completion of the course. What caused these improvements? Researchers have previously found a link between eating more fruits and vegetables, and improved longer term mental health. This would imply that the participants in the current study may have felt better due to improved diet. However, the study showed participants' mental health improved even if their reported diet did not change after completing the program. Also, the mental health benefits were equal among participants who were overweight or obese and those in a healthy weight range. This suggests a link between cooking confidence and satisfaction around cooking, and mental health benefits. Who benefits most from learning to cook? Gender plays a part. At the start of the program, 77 per cent of female participants were confident about cooking, but just 23 per cent of males were confident. At the end of the program, cooking confidence and skills were equal across both counterparts. This change in confidence could lead to a gender balance in home cooking. This in turn could reduce consumption of unhealthy, high-calorie processed meals. participants saw significant improvements in general health.

19. What do we learn about the benefits the participants gained from the healthy cooking course?
  1. A.They were perceived differently by some academics.
  2. B.They still existed six months after the course ended.
  3. C.They varied greatly among the course participants.
  4. D.They were only measurable within seven weeks.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位研究发现句 → 同义替换 remained six months → still existed six months after the course ended → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：关于参与者从健康烹饪课程中获得的好处，我们了解到什么？正确项：这些好处在课程结束六个月后仍然存在。

20. What do the new research findings suggest about mental health benefits?
  1. A.They can be easily seen among participants in a healthy weight range.
  2. B.They should be attributed to participants' change in diet behaviors.
  3. C.They are linked to cooking confidence and cooking satisfaction.
  4. D.They actually result from eating more fruits and vegetables.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位研究结论句 → 同义替换 link between cooking confidence and satisfaction → linked to cooking confidence and cooking satisfaction → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：新的研究发现对心理健康益处有什么启示？正确项：它们与烹饪信心和烹饪满意度有关。

21. What plays a role in determining who benefits most from learning to cook?
  1. A.Gender.
  2. B.Confidence.
  3. C.Health.
  4. D.Practice.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'who benefits most' → 听到 'Gender plays a part' 及后续性别对比数据 → 推断性别是决定性因素

考点：细节定位因果推断

译文：题干：什么因素在决定谁从学习烹饪中获益最多方面起作用？正确项A：性别。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

What is personal space? We often think of it as an invisible bubble of space surrounding us that others can't enter, without causing discomfort. Research shows, however, that we actually have bubbles of different sizes. Each of these bubbles applies to a different set of people. The smallest zone, called "intimate space", extends outward from our bodies 18 inches in every direction. Only family, pets and one's closest friends may enter it. A mere acquaintance entering our intimate space makes us uncomfortable. Next is the bubble called "personal space", extending from 1.5 feet to 4 feet away. Friends and acquaintances can comfortably occupy this zone, especially during informal conversations, but strangers are forbidden. Extending from 4 to 12 feet away from us is "social space". Here people feel comfortable conducting routine social interactions with new acquaintances or total strangers. Those are the average sizes of American's personal bubbles, anyway. It is important to keep in mind that personal space varies depending on culture and context. Furthermore, there are significant individual differences. As we all know, cultural or individual differences in personal bubble diameters are all too often the cause of discomfort. How did these personal bubbles arise? According to research, we begin to develop our individual sense of personal space around age 3 or 4. The sizes of our bubbles are fixed by our teens. These bubbles are constructed and monitored by the brain region involved in fear.

22. What does research show about our personal space?
  1. A.It keeps others away.
  2. B.It causes discomfort.
  3. C.It remains visible.
  4. D.It varies in size.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干 'personal space' → 听到 'Research shows... we actually have bubbles of different sizes' → 同义替换 'varies in size'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：研究显示我们的个人空间有什么特点？正确项D：它的大小各不相同。

23. What happens if a mere acquaintance enters our intimate space?
  1. A.It makes us feel uncomfortable.
  2. B.It renders the acquaintance a stranger.
  3. C.It brings the acquaintance closer to us.
  4. D.It causes the bubble around us to vanish.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干 'mere acquaintance enters our intimate space' → 直接对应原文 'A mere acquaintance entering our intimate space makes us uncomfortable' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原句对应

译文：题干：如果一个泛泛之交进入我们的亲密空间会发生什么？正确项A：它让我们感到不舒服。

24. Where do people feel comfortable interacting with new acquaintances or strangers?
  1. A.In personal space.
  2. B.In social space.
  3. C.Within a distance of 18 inches.
  4. D.Over 2 feet away from one another.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干 'comfortable interacting with new acquaintances or strangers' → 听到 'social space... Here people feel comfortable conducting routine social interactions with new acquaintances or total strangers' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：人们在哪里与新认识的人或陌生人互动会感到舒适？正确项B：在社交空间。

25. When are the sizes of our bubbles fixed?
  1. A.When we begin to feel fear.
  2. B.When we develop a sense of space.
  3. C.When we are 3 or 4 years old.
  4. D.When we enter our teens.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干 'sizes of our bubbles fixed' → 听到 'The sizes of our bubbles are fixed by our teens' → 同义替换 'enter our teens'

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：我们气泡的大小在什么时候被固定？正确项D：当我们进入青少年时期时。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

A number of studies have looked at how family life can affect productivity and satisfaction in the workplace. However, there has been [26] little research on the influence of leisure activities. So Ciara Kelly and colleagues recruited 129 hobbyists to look at how the time spent on their hobbies [27] their work life. The researchers found that when participants spent longer than [28] on their leisure activity, their belief in their ability to perform their job was strengthened. But this was only the [29] when they had a serious hobby that was dissimilar to their job, or when their hobby was similar to their work but they only did it [30] . When their hobby was both serious and similar to their job, then spending more time on it actually decreased their work [31] . Why might that be? To maintain a serious hobby, people need to invest significant psychological resources, say the authors—so if the activity has the same kinds of demands as their work, they may be left [32] and unable to perform well at their job. But if their hobby is quite different from their career, it may not [33] in the same way but instead help them develop other knowledge and skills that can [34] their confidence at work. "Consider a scientist who is a keen rock climber," says Kelly. "Since climbing is so far [35] from their day-to-day work activities, they can still recover from the demands of their job with plenty of resources."

A. boostB. caseC. casuallyD. efficiencyE. estateF. exhaustedG. facultyH. interfereI. normalJ. prevalentK. relativeL. removedM. scratchN. shapedO. surprisingly

参考答案与解析

答案：26-O　27-N　28-I　29-B　30-C　31-D　32-F　33-H　34-A　35-L

解析：26 空 定位转折词However → 对比前文‘a number of studies’与后文‘little research’ → 选择表示‘极少’的副词修饰little
27 空 定位主语‘time spent on hobbies’与宾语‘work life’ → 分析动词需表达‘影响’或‘作用于’ → 选择能与‘time’搭配并体现‘影响’的动词
28 空 定位比较结构‘longer than’ → 推断空格处需表示‘通常’或‘一般’的时间量 → 选择表示‘通常’的副词
29 空 定位转折词But → 分析前文‘strengthened’与后文条件句 → 推断空格处需表示‘情况’或‘事实’的名词
30 空 定位对比结构‘similar to their work but’ → 推断空格处需表示‘偶尔’或‘不经常’的副词 → 选择与‘serious’形成对比的频率词
31 空 定位空格所在句（当爱好与工作相似且投入过多时间时，工作表现下降）→ 分析空格与“decreased”的搭配及语义（工作表现/满意度）→ 辨析选项词义与语境匹配度 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格所在句（如果爱好与工作要求相同，人们可能被______而无法胜任）→ 分析“left + adj.”结构及语义（资源耗尽/疲惫）→ 匹配选项词义 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格所在句（但如果爱好与职业不同，它可能不会以同样的方式______）→ 分析“may not + v. + in the same way”结构及与上文“decreased”的对比关系 → 匹配选项词义 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格所在句（发展其他知识和技能，这些可以______他们在工作中的信心）→ 分析“skills that can + v. + confidence”结构及语义（增强/提升）→ 匹配选项词义 → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格所在句（攀岩与日常工作活动相距甚远）→ 分析“so far + adj. + from”结构及语义（不同/远离）→ 匹配选项词义 → 得出答案

考点：语境选词近义词辨析动词搭配固定搭配

译文：然而，关于休闲活动影响的研究却极少。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 64 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AAttitudes towards paternity leave have drastically changed in America in the last five years as more fathers feel comfortable taking extended time off, but gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects and the home, according to a new study of working parents.
BResearch by the Boston College Center for Work & Family, which surveyed new parents at four large US companies who were qualified for taking at least six weeks paid parental leave, found that 81% of the 1,240 employees surveyed said the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable.
COf those surveyed, 62% of fathers took the maximum amount of time off compared to 93% of mothers, and around three-quarters of workers said their employer was equally supportive of mothers and fathers taking parental leave and over half said leave policies had made workplace culture better.
DThe US is one of only three countries in the world not to offer statutory paid leave, but increasingly states and companies are starting to take up the issue. So far, eight states and the District of Columbia have their own paid family leave laws.
EBrad Harrington, executive director of the center and lead author of the study, estimates only 20% to 30% of companies in the US offer paid parental leave. He feels the research findings reflect an obvious change in corporate attitudes to new fathers taking time off.
F"We did a study on paternity leave five years ago. Compared with those findings, these numbers were shocking to me. I did not expect 80% of people to say the organisation finds dads taking this leave acceptable and three-quarters to say it's equally supportive of women and men taking leave," Harrington said.
GThe previous study found that nearly three-quarters of fathers saw two to four weeks as an appropriate duration for paternity leave and 76% said they would prefer not to take all their time off at once.
HSince then, there have been a number of legal cases against companies involving paternity leave—including cases against JPMorgan Chase and Estee Lauder—which have helped put pressure on companies to make their parental leave policies gender neutral.
IHowever, the study also shows how traditional gender roles endure both at work, where more women than men reported changes in their perceived career potential, and at home—even among workers who claim to have a strong desire for equality.
JThe vast majority of men, 97%, said one of the top reasons to take leave was to share caregiving with their partner. But when they were asked about how caregiving and household tasks were divided, their answers painted a different picture. While about 75% of employees said both genders should give the same amount of care, the majority of men and nearly half of women admitted that in reality the female actually did most of it. A tiny fraction, 2%, of men said they did more of the childcare.
KMen and women's experiences of the return to work following parental leave were also considerably different. Of the women surveyed, 32% reported a downturn in their job satisfaction, while 14% said it increased. In comparison, 17% of men said their job satisfaction went down and 20% said it went up. Meanwhile, more women reported an increase in their responsibilities and manager expectations after childbirth. Half of the women said they used flexible work arrangements after becoming a parent, while just 27% of men did. Similar percentages of men and women said they enjoyed their careers and that it gave them a sense of achievement, while around half of women and 44% of men said it was a key part of their identity.
LOn the subject of career advancement, 59% of women and 49% of men said leave could be limiting and both genders said they feared it would have an impact on their progress long-term. But on opportunity for promotion, more than double the number of women, 30% compared with 15% of men, believed their chances to be lower after becoming a parent. Despite progress, the struggle for women to reach the highest positions of power is demonstrated in this year's Fortune 500 list, which featured a record 33 female CEOs, but this still represents a tiny fraction of the total.
MHarrington said culture change depends on companies putting more focus on men and their responsibilities. "By that I mean companies need to give men paternity leave and encourage men to take time off to be with their kids early on in the kids' life. They also need to recognise that men have to make significant adjustments when they become parents. Companies cannot do all these things to enhance women's advancement and then turn around and say, 'Oh, but we don't expect the men to take over for the women at home.'"
NIn May, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Outten & Golden LLP announced a historic class- action $5m settlement with JPMorgan Chase on behalf of male employees who claim they were illegally denied access to paid parental leave. Derek Rotondo, 35, filed the discrimination charge against his company after he was allegedly told by his HR department that mothers were considered primary caregivers. Thus, they were allowed to take 16 weeks of paid parental leave. Fathers, however, could take just two weeks.
OThe father of two from Columbus, Ohio, who still works at the company as an associate and investigator, said he has witnessed a "domino effect " across companies since the settlement, but that there is still substantial progress to be made towards changing attitudes towards paternity leave. P) "I do think there's still some way to go...there's still going to be sort of the unstated expectation for new dads to essentially come right back to work, but I think the research is showing that's starting to change." He said equal parental leave is an essential component to creating gender equality in the workplace. "The old standard of women staying home, having babies and cooking doesn't apply and hasn't applied for a long time."
1. In the absence of Federal legislation, some states in the US have passed laws concerning paid family leave. （D）
2. Most fathers admitted that even during their paternity leave they actually did much less childcare than the mother. （J）
3. One survey indicated there is now less objection to paternity leave. （B）
4. Compared to five years ago, according to one researcher, many more people said their organisation gave the same support to men and women taking parental leave. （F）
5. One study finds that even workers who claim to desire gender equality stick to traditional gender roles both at work and at home. （I）
6. The majority of workers surveyed said parental leave policies had improved workplace culture. （C）
7. In spite of progress, the number of women in top positions of big companies remains extremely small. （L）
8. According to one estimate, less than one third of companies in the US provide paid parental leave. （E）
9. A number of lawsuits have pressured companies to formulate gender neutral policies on parental leave. （H）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-D　2-J　3-B　4-F　5-I　6-C　7-L　8-E　9-H

解析：36. 定位段落[D] → 识别同义替换（'states and companies are starting to take up the issue' 对应 'some states...have passed laws'） → 得出答案
37. 定位段落[C] → 识别同义替换（'62% of fathers took the maximum amount of time off compared to 93% of mothers' 暗示父亲实际育儿时间少于母亲） → 得出答案
38. 定位段落[A] → 识别转折关系（'but gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects and the home'） → 推断出平等的育儿假是解决职场性别不平等的关键 → 得出答案
39. 定位段落[B] → 识别同义替换（'81%...said the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable' 对应 'less objection'） → 得出答案
40. 定位段落[F] → 识别同义替换（'three-quarters to say it's equally supportive of women and men taking leave' 对应 'gave the same support to men and women'） → 得出答案
41. 定位题干关键词 'gender equality' 和 'traditional gender roles' → 在段落[A]中找到 'gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects and the home' → 同义替换 'gender bias' 为 'stick to traditional gender roles'，'career prospects and the home' 为 'at work and at home' → 得出答案
42. 定位题干关键词 'parental leave policies' 和 'improved workplace culture' → 在段落[C]中找到 'over half said leave policies had made workplace culture better' → 同义替换 'over half' 为 'the majority'，'made...better' 为 'improved' → 得出答案
43. 定位题干核心信息 'women in top positions... remains extremely small' → 在段落[A]中找到 'gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects' → 结合常识与语境推断，'gender bias persists' 在职业前景方面意味着女性在高层职位中代表性不足 → 得出答案
44. 定位题干关键词 'estimate' 和 'less than one third' → 在段落[E]中找到 'estimates only 20% to 30% of companies' → 同义替换 '20% to 30%' 为 'less than one third' → 得出答案
45. 定位题干关键词 'lawsuits' 和 'gender neutral policies' → 在全文中搜索 'lawsuits'、'legal'、'court' 等相关词汇 → 发现全文未提及任何关于诉讼或法律压力的内容 → 判断该信息为无中生有 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写数据对比推理推理判断转折逻辑细节定位同义替换语境推断数字信息信息缺失判断

译文：题干：在没有联邦立法的情况下，美国一些州已经通过了关于带薪家庭假的法律。正确项[D]：美国是世界上仅有的三个不提供法定带薪假的国家之一，但越来越多的州和公司开始着手解决这个问题。到目前为止，已有八个州和哥伦比亚特区制定了自己的带薪家庭假法律。

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

Having a rival can keep you committed to achieving your goals and enhance your overall performance. But before you go out and find an entrepreneur to outcompete, it's important to understand and avoid the traps that often come with rivalry. After all, competitive rivalry can also hinder effective decision-making and increase your willingness to take risks, behaviors that can ultimately hurt your venture's success. Finding someone you're committed to outcompeting can be a great way to stay focused on your goals and push your venture to the next level. But when you're intently focused on outperforming your rivals, you may begin to develop a "win-at-all-costs" mentality that causes you to ignore how you achieve success. One group of researchers, for example, examined the link between rivalry and unethical behavior. They found that when people compete against their rivals, they are more willing to behave unethically to win. But such behavior may stain your reputation and strain relationships important to your success. One way to avoid this trap is to stop and reflect on what's important. While outperforming your rivals may provide short-term benefits, the loss of your integrity will have long-term consequences. One reason having a rival can enhance your venture's performance is that it creates a level of excitement that drives you to work harder. But this eagerness to win may also hurt your venture's success, particularly when it causes you to make impulsive, insensible decisions. But it's possible to avoid such costly mistakes by making a habit of engaging in critical thinking, such as considering opposing viewpoints and conducting cost-benefit analyses, especially for those decisions that are complex and can determine the future of your venture. The sense of eagerness that comes with having a rival can not only cause you to make poorer decisions, but it can also lead you to take greater risks that put your venture in peril. One way you can overcome the risk- inducing effects of rivalry that stand to endanger your venture's success is to remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making.

46. How can competitive rivalry benefit entrepreneurs according to the passage?
  1. A.By enabling them to outcompete other entrepreneurs.
  2. B.By enabling them to make their venture a success.
  3. C.By helping them to reach long-term goals.
  4. D.By helping them to stay goal-oriented.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'benefit' → 在语篇中定位到 'keep you committed to achieving your goals' → 同义替换为 'stay goal-oriented' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据文章，竞争性对抗如何使企业家受益？ 正确项：通过帮助他们保持目标导向。

47. What is one of the traps entrepreneurs may often fall into when competing with rivals?
  1. A.They may adopt strategies that are bound to ruin their venture.
  2. B.They may resort to unethical means to outperform their rivals.
  3. C.They may be too eager to succeed while ignoring the huge labor cost.
  4. D.They may be intently focused on winning at the current market level.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'traps' → 在语篇中定位到 'behave unethically to win' → 同义替换为 'resort to unethical means' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：企业家在与对手竞争时常陷入的陷阱之一是什么？ 正确项：他们可能诉诸不道德手段来超越对手。

48. What are entrepreneurs advised to do to avoid traps that often accompany rivalry?
  1. A.Deliberate on what really matters.
  2. B.Prioritize reaping immediate benefits.
  3. C.Estimate the long-term consequences.
  4. D.Reflect on what successes are achievable.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'avoid traps' → 在语篇中定位到 'stop and reflect on what's important' → 同义替换为 'Deliberate on what really matters' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：建议企业家如何避免伴随竞争而来的陷阱？ 正确项：仔细思考真正重要的事情。

49. How can entrepreneurs avoid making impulsive and insensible decisions?
  1. A.By engaging themselves in critical reasoning.
  2. B.By developing a habit of keeping their integrity.
  3. C.By criticizing themselves for previous poor performances.
  4. D.By refraining from being too excited about their successes.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'impulsive and insensible decisions' → 在语篇中定位到 'avoid such costly mistakes by making a habit of engaging in critical thinking' → 同义替换为 'engaging themselves in critical reasoning' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：企业家如何避免做出冲动和不明智的决定？ 正确项：通过参与批判性推理。

50. How can entrepreneurs overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry?
  1. A.By paying close attention to their current performance.
  2. B.By taking steps that stand to endanger their rivals' success.
  3. C.By monitoring how their decision-making impacts their mentality.
  4. D.By keeping their emotions in check to avoid making poor decisions.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'overcome the risk-inducing effects' → 在语篇中定位到 'remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making' → 同义替换为 'keeping their emotions in check to avoid making poor decisions' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：企业家如何克服竞争带来的诱发风险的影响？ 正确项：通过控制情绪以避免做出糟糕的决定。

A multitasker is one who can perform two or more tasks effectively at the same time, which—apart from the obvious differences—is similar to what a computer does. The concept does indeed come from the realms of technology, where it is used to refer to an operating system that can execute multiple tasks at the same time. However, the question is: can a person really be a multitasker? For most scientists, the answer is no. So much so that, according to experts in neuroscience( ), our brains do not handle multitasking situations well. As soon as two tasks require our attention, productivity suffers. What we call multitasking, therefore, is in reality the ability to move more or less quickly from one task to another. This requires two essential conditions: that one of the tasks needs to be automatic, like walking or eating, and that they both need different mental processes. Answering the phone and writing at the same time, for example. However, on the other side of the coin there are people who maintain that it is possible to be, or at least seem to be, multitasking. A recent study concluded that regardless of whether people are actually handling several tasks or not, the mere fact that they perceive this activity as multitasking has a positive effect on their performance. The business perspective offers a different view: multitasking is understood as the ability to adapt to all types of environment within a company and effectively undertake different activities within a set time frame. Indeed, many companies look for people who are skilled in multitasking to improve their productivity. From this different perspective, you can not only be multitasking but this ability can also be taught: something that is easier in fluid organisations, which favour flexibility in their working practices. The benefits of multitasking are clear. Being quicker and more efficient increases our performance and the number of tasks completed. But having to pay attention to several things at once means that the powers of concentration are reduced and that can lead to more mistakes.

51. What does a "multitasker" originally refer to?
  1. A.An operating system capable of doing several tasks at once.
  2. B.A skilled worker executing more than one task at the same time.
  3. C.A sophisticated technology doing several tasks effectively at once.
  4. D.An efficient person able to perform multiple tasks at the same time.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'originally refer to' → 定位至语篇第二句 'The concept does indeed come from the realms of technology, where it is used to refer to an operating system...' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：一个“多任务处理者”最初指的是什么？正确项：一个能同时执行多项任务的操作系统。

52. Why can't people really be multitaskers according to neuroscientists?
  1. A.They are not sufficiently exposed to multitasking situations.
  2. B.They are not comparable to mechanical operating systems.
  3. C.Their brains do not allow them to multitask.
  4. D.Their attention span cannot be expanded.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'neuroscientists' → 定位至语篇第四句 'according to experts in neuroscience, our brains do not handle multitasking situations well' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据神经科学家的说法，为什么人们不能真正成为多任务处理者？正确项：他们的大脑不允许他们同时处理多项任务。

53. What do we learn from the conclusion of a recent study on multitasking?
  1. A.People make greater achievements by maintaining whatever they are doing is multitasking.
  2. B.People's performance benefits from the perception of what they are doing as multitasking.
  3. C.People's active mental processes exert a positive effect on their multitasking.
  4. D.People can improve their capabilities by handling multitasking situations.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'recent study' → 定位至语篇第七句 'A recent study concluded that... the mere fact that they perceive this activity as multitasking has a positive effect on their performance' → 同义替换得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：从最近一项关于多任务处理的研究结论中，我们了解到什么？正确项：人们的表现受益于他们对自身行为的感知。

54. How does the business world view multitasking?
  1. A.It is a rare skill often found in fluid organisations.
  2. B.It is an adaptable capability required of all workers.
  3. C.It is an essential quality many employees lack.
  4. D.It is a desirable ability that can be developed.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'business world' → 定位至语篇第八句 'The business perspective offers a different view...' 及后续两句 → 综合 'can also be taught' 等信息推理得出答案

考点：细节定位综合推理

译文：题干：商业界如何看待多任务处理？正确项：它是一种值得拥有的、可以培养的能力。

55. What does the author imply we should do if we have to focus on some task and do it well?
  1. A.Work in a flexible way.
  2. B.Learn from mistakes.
  3. C.Avoid multitasking.
  4. D.Increase efficiency
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'focus on some task and do it well' → 定位至语篇末句 'But having to pay attention to several things at once means that the powers of concentration are reduced and that can lead to more mistakes' → 反向推理得出答案

考点：细节定位反向推理

译文：题干：作者暗示，如果我们必须专注于某项任务并做好它，我们应该怎么做？正确项：避免多任务处理。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on the recent development in their hometown.You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

Over the past few years, my hometown has undergone remarkable changes. As a student writing for our university newspaper, I would like to share two of them that have impressed me the most: transportation and the environment. In the past, it used to take us hours of bumpy driving to reach the provincial capital. Now, however, a new high-speed railway gets us there in just two hours, and the widened roads have made daily travel far more convenient. Another change worth mentioning is the environment. The small river that once smelled terrible has been cleaned up, and several green parks have been built along its banks, where families now enjoy walking after dinner. All these changes have made my hometown a much better place to live in. As someone who grew up there, I feel truly proud, and I firmly believe that it will become even more beautiful and livable in the years to come.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

改革开放以来,中国人的饮食(diet)发生了显著变化。过去由于经济落后,食品种类有限、数量不足 ,人们仅仅满足于吃得饱。如今中国经济快速发展,食品不仅更加丰富多样,质量也大幅提高。随着生活水平不断提升,人们对饮食的要求越来越高,更加注重吃得营养健康。因此,目前市场上推出的低脂、低糖、有机食品受到人们的普遍欢迎。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Since the reform and opening-up, the diet of Chinese people has undergone significant changes. In the past, due to the backward economy, food was limited in variety and insufficient in quantity, so people were content with merely having enough to eat. Today, with China's economy developing rapidly, food is not only more abundant and diverse but also greatly improved in quality. As living standards keep rising, people have increasingly higher demands for their diet and pay more attention to eating in a nutritious and healthy way. Therefore, the low-fat, low-sugar and organic food launched on the market today is widely welcomed by people.

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