2024年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2024年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2024 年 · 12月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The City of Fayetteville is making a special effort to recognize its bus drivers ahead of the newly proclaimed Transit Driver Appreciation Day happening Saturday. As part of the event, the city is celebrating its longest-serving driver on the force. That driver is Sherry Christian. Christian has been a driver for 25 years. The Fayetteville native believes driving a school bus allows her to give back to her community. She says that the best part of the job is watching the children who ride her bus grow up. Transit Driver Appreciation Day has been celebrated across the country as far back as 2009. However, this week, the City of Fayetteville issued a proclamation for the day to take place March 18th. Officials said they want bus drivers to know how important they are to Fayetteville, serving almost 1.6 million riders a year. She is the longest-serving bus driver in Fayetteville.

1. What do we learn about Sherry Christian?
  1. A.She is making a special effort to be recognized.
  2. B.She has been living in Fayetteville for 25 years.
  3. C.She has been driving a school bus ever since 2009.
  4. D.She is the longest-serving bus driver in Fayetteville.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位人物信息 → 匹配原文细节 → 排除张冠李戴选项

考点：细节定位指代匹配

译文：题干：关于Sherry Christian我们了解到什么？正确项：她是Fayetteville服务时间最长的公交车司机。

2. What did city officials of Fayetteville want bus drivers to be aware of?
  1. A.The importance of their service to the city.
  2. B.The number of riders they serve in the city.
  3. C.The new proclamation issued early this week.
  4. D.The significance of the event to take place March 18.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位官员发言 → 提取核心信息 → 排除细节干扰

考点：细节定位信息筛选

译文：题干：Fayetteville市官员希望公交车司机意识到什么？正确项：他们服务对城市的重要性。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

The Wilton School Board has proposed a 5.99% spending increase. If approved, it would be the largest jump in at least eight budget cycles. The 5.99% request more than doubles the highest previous year-over-year increase in the last eight years, which was 2.99% for the 2021-2022 school year. The biggest driver of the $91.8 million proposed budget remains teacher salaries. These account for 64% of the total request at $59 million. The $59 million is up from the $56.7 million budgeted for the current school year. There are some factors that could affect the budget moving forward. One of those is total enrollment. The district will have a total enrollment of 3,742 students. Almost all of these students will be in kindergarten through high school, but 66 will be in prekindergarten and other programs. This represents 47 fewer students than the current year. Fewer students mean less federal and state funding. Budgeted $56.7 million for the coming school year.

3. What does the news report say the Wilton School Board has done?
  1. A.Budgeted $56.7 million for the coming school year.
  2. B.Requested to raise teachers' salaries by 3 percent.
  3. C.Proposed a spending increase by 5.99 percent.
  4. D.Kept raising funds for at least 8 budget cycles.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位学校董事会行动 → 匹配具体提案 → 排除数字混淆选项

考点：细节定位数字信息匹配

译文：题干：新闻报道说Wilton学校董事会做了什么？正确项：提出了5.99%的支出增长。

4. What will a decline in the total enrollment lead to?
  1. A.Decrease in salaries for school administrators.
  2. B.Reduction in federal and state funding.
  3. C.Firing of less qualified faculty members.
  4. D.Closing down of some less competitive schools.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位因果关系 → 提取直接后果 → 排除过度推断选项

考点：因果推理细节匹配

译文：题干：入学人数下降会导致什么？正确项：联邦和州资金的减少。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A rare thundersnow event has taken place in Scotland. And alarmed locals contacted police, thinking they had heard bombs going off. The phenomenon happens when thunder and lightning mix with a heavy snowstorm—sometimes causing loud claps that can be confused with explosions. One person described it as a loud boom, similar to a plane crash. Another person was woken up in the middle of the night by what he thought was early construction work starting. The noise was powerful enough to shake buildings and set off car alarms. The police were flooded with many calls from the public. And they sent out a message asking people to remain calm. The police assured everyone that it was just thunder and lightning rather than some military exercise. The weather was the coldest it had been for the season, so people were warned to be careful when traveling outside. In particular, dangerous conditions such as icy roads or wet ground could cause difficulty for drivers. The rail service also announced potential disruptions to trains due to the deep snow. Some roads were also closed because of the severe weather. sometimes causing loud claps that can be confused with explosions. Their loud claps can be confused with explosions.

5. What do we learn about thundersnows from the report?
  1. A.They often take place in the Scottish highlands.
  2. B.They usually happen in the middle of the night.
  3. C.Their damage can be as serious as that of bombs.
  4. D.Their loud claps can be confused with explosions.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位雷雪特征 → 匹配原文描述 → 排除过度概括选项

考点：细节定位特征匹配

译文：题干：从报道中我们了解到雷雪的什么信息？正确项：它们巨大的声响可能被误认为爆炸。

6. What did the police do when they received the local residents' phone calls?
  1. A.They sent out a message to calm them down.
  2. B.They promised to stop the construction work.
  3. C.They told them the military exercise was over.
  4. D.They set off to inspect the site of the plane crash.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'police' 和 'phone calls' → 听到 'they sent out a message asking people to remain calm' → 同义替换 'sent out a message to calm them down' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：警方接到当地居民的电话后做了什么？正确项：他们发出信息安抚他们。

7. What were people advised to do when traveling outside?
  1. A.Keep warm.
  2. B.Take caution.
  3. C.Avoid driving.
  4. D.Use rail service. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'traveling outside' → 听到 'people were warned to be careful when traveling outside' → 同义替换 'be careful' 为 'take caution' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：人们被建议在外出旅行时做什么？正确项：小心谨慎。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: I'm going to the city centre to buy a new phone today. W: Didn't you buy a new phone just two months ago? M: It was three months ago, and I already know what you're going to say. You're thinking I shouldn't replace my phone this soon. W: No, actually, I was wondering how you could possibly afford a new phone. But now that you mention it, I do think getting another phone so soon is wasteful, regardless of the cost. M: Maybe you're right, but the thing is, everyone at the office has a nice, expensive phone, and I'm a little embarrassed by mine. I just got a credit card, so I thought I might as well buy a new phone. W: I don't think buying a phone on credit is a good idea. Look, you've only been working for five months now. People understand that you are a recent graduate, and I doubt anyone cares about your phone other than yourself. M: Maybe you're right, but the credit card has a very good special offer, where I don't pay any interest for six months. I'll be able to pay for the phone well before that period is over. W: I still think it's a bad idea to use a credit card for something you don't need. One of my colleagues bought a lot of things on credit during her first year of work, and it became a bad habit, and she accumulated a lot of debt. M: Well, I can see how that might happen to someone, and I'm sure she regrets it, but I know it won't happen to me.

8. What does the woman say she was actually wondering about?
  1. A.Why the man is so anxious to buy a new phone.
  2. B.How the man could possibly afford a new phone.
  3. C.How the man got into the habit of being wasteful.
  4. D.Why the man is so fond of using his credit card.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'woman' 和 'wondering about' → 听到女士说 'I was wondering how you could possibly afford a new phone' → 同义替换 'how you could possibly afford' 为 'how the man could possibly afford' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代理解

译文：题干：女士说她实际上在想什么？正确项：男士如何能买得起一部新手机。

9. Why is the man a little embarrassed by the phone he's using now?
  1. A.It is not in fashion any more.
  2. B.It goes out of order frequently.
  3. C.It is not as fancy as his colleagues'.
  4. D.It lacks functions office work requires.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'embarrassed' → 听到男士说 'everyone at the office has a nice, expensive phone, and I'm a little embarrassed by mine' → 推理 'embarrassed' 的原因是自己的手机不如同事的 → 同义替换为 'not as fancy as his colleagues'' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位语境推理

译文：题干：男士为什么对他现在使用的手机感到有点尴尬？正确项：它不如他同事的手机那么花哨。

10. What does the man say about the credit card he just got?
  1. A.It enables him to buy a new phone at a more favorable price.
  2. B.It is a special offer to recent college graduates working in offices.
  3. C.It is available to office workers who have a good enough credit score.
  4. D.It allows him to borrow money without paying interest for six months.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'credit card' → 听到男士说 'the credit card has a very good special offer, where I don't pay any interest for six months' → 同义替换 'don't pay any interest for six months' 为 'borrow money without paying interest for six months' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男士对他刚办的信用卡说了什么？正确项：它允许他在六个月内借款无需支付利息。

11. What do we learn about one of the woman's colleagues?
  1. A.She borrowed money to pay her debt.
  2. B.She developed a habit of overspending.
  3. C.She enjoys buying a lot of fancy things.
  4. D.She regrets ignoring the woman's advice.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位女方提及同事事例 → 提取关键信息（first year of work, bad habit, accumulated debt） → 同义替换为overspending

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：关于女方的一位同事，我们了解到什么？正确项：她养成了过度消费的习惯。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Welcome to The Morning Show. Our guest today is a popular blog writer and a major figure in the tiny home community. Welcome, Bob Jones.

12. What does the tiny home movement mainly advocate?
  1. A.Blog writing and natural resources saving.
  2. B.Joint efforts to improve the local community.
  3. C.Audience participation in The Morning Show.
  4. D.Home ownership and environmental protection.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男方首次解释运动主旨 → 提取核心目标（increasing home ownership, protecting the environment） → 匹配选项

考点：主旨概括同义替换

译文：题干：微型住宅运动主要倡导什么？正确项：住房所有权和环境保护。

13. What does the woman say about houses as small as 20 square meters?
  1. A.Not a realistic size for families.
  2. B.Not welcomed by most Americans.
  3. C.Only fit for families of four or less.
  4. D.Only suitable for renting to the poor.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女方对20平方米住宅的评价 → 提取直接观点（not a realistic size for families） → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位原意匹配

译文：题干：女方对20平方米的小房子有什么看法？正确项：对家庭来说不现实。

14. What does the man think about the dream of owning a 150-square-meter house?
  1. A.It should be changed.
  2. B.It isn't easy to realize.
  3. C.It will come true sooner or later.
  4. D.It doesn't appeal to average families.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男方对150平方米梦想的回应 → 捕捉转折词but及核心观点（dream needs to change） → 推断其态度

考点：转折信号捕捉观点推断

译文：题干：男方对拥有150平方米房子的梦想有什么看法？正确项：它应该被改变。

15. What does the man say about tiny homes?
  1. A.They help to lower housing prices.
  2. B.They help to save up for larger houses.
  3. C.They are a good choice for many people.
  4. D.They are vital to reducing waste worldwide. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男方总结性评价 → 提取关键句（a good option for many） → 同义替换为a good choice

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：男方对微型住宅有什么看法？正确项：它们对许多人来说是一个好选择。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Kids need time every day to run, jump, stretch and play. These experiences have been shown to build children's confidence and pleasure in physical activities, develop their motor skills, and even improve emotional well-being. To begin with, children seem to have a natural desire to overcome challenges and take risks. Taking healthy risks through physical movement builds children's confidence and ability to solve problems and persist through frustration. Secondly, movement activities build children's big body skills such as coordination and balance, as well as the fine motor skills they need for tasks like writing, tying their shoes, or throwing and catching a ball. Thirdly, according to the American Psychological Association, regular physical activity (and especially outdoor activity) reduces children's stress and depression, and improves their ability to focus and learn. Regular exercise can significantly improve self-regulation and decrease disciplinary consequences for negative behavior. Physical activity provides a positive outlet for frustration, anxiety, or anger and can become a healthy coping skill throughout life. Finally, we know that physical activity is important for our physical and mental health, and cultivating the habit of physical activity starts early. Children are more likely to develop a lifelong love of physical activity from frequent positive early experiences. Not every child enjoys competitive sports or playing with balls and that's OK. There are plenty of other options such as imaginative play, non-competitive games, and gardening or nature experiences.

16. What do children seem to have a natural desire to do?
  1. A.Play outdoors and enjoy themselves.
  2. B.Beat challenges and take risks.
  3. C.Take care of their well-being.
  4. D.Grow up strong and healthy.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'natural desire' → 听到 'children seem to have a natural desire to overcome challenges and take risks' → 识别 'overcome' 与 'beat' 为同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：孩子们似乎天生渴望做什么？正确项：战胜挑战并承担风险。

17. According to the American Psychological Association, what does regular physical activity do to children?
  1. A.Enable them to develop their motor skills.
  2. B.Help them to conceal their frustration.
  3. C.Reduce their stress and depression.
  4. D.Prevent them from feeling lonely.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'American Psychological Association' → 听到 'according to the American Psychological Association, regular physical activity... reduces children's stress and depression' → 匹配选项 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：根据美国心理学会，定期体育活动对孩子有什么作用？正确项：减轻他们的压力和抑郁。

18. What does the passage say about cultivating the habit of physical activity?
  1. A.It begins early.
  2. B.It proves demanding.
  3. C.It calls for lifelong efforts.
  4. D.It lies in nature experiences.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'cultivating the habit of physical activity' → 听到 'cultivating the habit of physical activity starts early' → 匹配选项 'It begins early' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：文章关于培养体育活动习惯说了什么？正确项：它开始得很早。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A new study finds that job seekers are even willing to explore jobs with lower salaries when companies are more diverse. It finds that sharing information about diversity makes job postings more attractive to job seekers, even when pay is lower. To conduct the study, the team partnered with an online job listings platform which emails postings relevant to individuals and their job search criteria. For the course of the 11-week study, the platform emailed job listings to some 180,000 users placed in one of two conditions. In the baseline condition, participants saw emails in the normal format, with no information on diversity; in the diversity condition, participants saw a diversity score for each listing: information about the race, gender, education, and language skills of a company's workforce compared to others in the same sector and location. Information was then gathered on whether the email was opened, and which job listings were clicked on by each user. Participants in the diversity condition tended to click on job listings from companies with slightly higher diversity scores than those in the baseline condition: that is, participants seemed to be paying attention to information about diversity, and using this when deciding whether to click on the listing. And the team also found that participants were willing to look at listings with lower salaries if they came from companies with a higher diversity score. companies are more diverse.

19. When are job seekers willing to explore jobs with lower salaries, according to a new study?
  1. A.When companies share their information online.
  2. B.When their job search criteria are met fully.
  3. C.When companies embrace greater diversity
  4. D.When they find job postings visually attractive.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'willing to explore jobs with lower salaries' → 听到 'job seekers are even willing to explore jobs with lower salaries when companies are more diverse' → 识别 'more diverse' 与 'greater diversity' 为同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：根据一项新研究，求职者在什么时候愿意探索薪水较低的工作？正确项：当公司具有更大的多样性时。

20. What did participants see in the baseline condition of the study?
  1. A.Emails in the normal format.
  2. B.Major companies in one location.
  3. C.All companies in the same sector.
  4. D.Various aspects of a company's workforce.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'baseline condition' → 听到 'In the baseline condition, participants saw emails in the normal format, with no information on diversity' → 匹配选项 'Emails in the normal format' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信息匹配

译文：题干：在研究的基线条件下，参与者看到了什么？正确项：正常格式的电子邮件。

21. What does the passage say participants seem to be paying attention to?
  1. A.Job security.
  2. B.Potential pay raises.
  3. C.Minimum base salary.
  4. D.Information about diversity.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'paying attention to' → 在录音中定位到 'participants seemed to be paying attention to information about diversity' → 同义替换为 'Information about diversity' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：文章说参与者似乎在关注什么？ 正确项：关于多样性的信息。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A new study from Oregon State University found that dogs tend to match their behavior with the children in their family. The findings are important because there is a growing body of evidence that dogs can help children in many ways. These include helping with social development, increasing physical activity, managing anxiety or serving as a source of attachment in the face of changing family structures. Yet, very little research has focused on how dogs perceive and socially engage with children. "The great news is that this study suggests dogs are paying a lot of attention to the kids that they live with," said Monique Udell, the lead author of the study. "One interesting thing we have observed is that dogs are matching children's behavior, but less frequently than what we have seen between dogs and adults. This suggests that while dogs may view children as social companions, there are also some differences that we need to understand better." While research has found dogs can have a lot of positive impacts on a child's life, there are also risks associated with the dog-child relationship. For example, other studies have found dogs are more likely to bite children versus adults. "We still have a lot to learn about the dog-child relationship," Udell said. "But research does show that kids are very capable of training dogs." children in many ways.

22. What does the passage say about the findings of a new study from Oregon State University?
  1. A.Positive.
  2. B.Original.
  3. C.Important.
  4. D.Surprising.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'findings' → 在录音中定位到 'The findings are important because...' → 推断出研究发现的重要性 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：文章对俄勒冈州立大学一项新研究的发现有何描述？ 正确项：重要的。

23. What does a growing body of evidence show according to the passage?
  1. A.Dogs match their behavior with kids as much as with adults.
  2. B.Kids and adults alike find in dogs a source of attachment.
  3. C.Kids' attitude to dogs is influenced by adults.
  4. D.Dogs can help kids in many ways.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'growing body of evidence' → 在录音中定位到 'there is a growing body of evidence that dogs can help children in many ways' → 直接对应选项 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：根据文章，越来越多的证据表明了什么？ 正确项：狗可以在很多方面帮助孩子。

24. What did Monique Udell say their study suggests?
  1. A.Dogs pay much attention to the kids they live with.
  2. B.Dogs view both adults and kids as social companions.
  3. C.Kids differ from adults in their behavior towards dogs.
  4. D.Kids need to be aware of the risks in playing with dogs.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'Monique Udell' 和 'suggests' → 在录音中定位到 Udell 的直接引语 'this study suggests dogs are paying a lot of attention to the kids that they live with' → 同义替换为选项 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位指代衔接

译文：题干：Monique Udell 说他们的研究表明了什么？ 正确项：狗非常关注与它们生活在一起的孩子。

25. What does research show kids are very capable of doing?
  1. A.Understanding dogs.
  2. B.Training dogs.
  3. C.Taking care of dogs.
  4. D.Associating with dogs.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'kids are very capable of doing' → 在录音中定位到 'kids are very capable of training dogs' → 直接对应选项 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：研究表明孩子非常擅长做什么？ 正确项：训练狗。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

When Toni Morrison died in 2019, the world lost one of its most influential authors. But Morrison was not an early success. Her first novel was not published until she was 39, and her last appeared when she was 84. And Morrison was not [26] in this regard. Numerous writers produce masterpieces well into their 70s and beyond. Such [27] accomplishments highlight an important point. Our capacity to speak, write and learn new vocabulary does not seem to [28] with age. Our eyesight may dim and our recall may weaken, but, by comparison, our ability to produce and to [29] language is well preserved into older adulthood. Indeed, the latest research that has emerged on language and aging shows that language mastery is a [30] that we begin as infants and continue on for the rest of our lives. Some aspects of our language abilities, such as our knowledge of word meanings, [31] improve during middle and late adulthood. One study, for example, found that adults over sixty had an average vocabulary size of over 21,000 words. The researchers also studied a [32] of college students and found that their average vocabulary contained [33] 16,000 words. In another study, older adults, with an average age of 75, [34] better than participants in their youth or middle years on tasks that required them to determine the meaning of words. Thus, language seems to be a skill that, contrary to what many might [35] , does not weaken with age.

A. actuallyB. approximatelyC. assumeD. componentE. comprehendF. deteriorateG. equivalentH. journeyI. literaryJ. performedK. rarelyL. sampleM. underminedN. uniqueO. unit

参考答案与解析

答案：26-N　27-I　28-F　29-E　30-H　31-A　32-L　33-B　34-J　35-C

解析：26 空 定位前文‘Morrison was not an early success’及后文‘Numerous writers produce masterpieces well into their 70s’ → 推断此处需表达‘独特/例外’之意 → 选择‘unique’
27 空 定位前文‘Numerous writers produce masterpieces well into their 70s and beyond’ → 推断此处需修饰‘accomplishments’，表达‘非凡/卓越’之意 → 选择‘remarkable’
28 空 定位后文‘Our eyesight may dim and our recall may weaken, but... our ability... is well preserved’ → 推断此处需表达‘衰退/减弱’之意 → 选择‘decline’
29 空 定位前文‘our ability to produce and to... language’ → 推断此处需与‘produce’（产出）并列，表达‘理解/接收’之意 → 选择‘comprehend’
30 空 定位后文‘that we begin as infants and continue on for the rest of our lives’ → 推断此处需表达‘过程/旅程’之意 → 选择‘journey’
31 空 定位空格前后的语义逻辑 → 分析空格处需表达“与年龄增长相关”的动词 → 结合后文“does not weaken with age”进行同义替换 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格前后的研究对象对比 → 分析空格处需表达‘产生/运用语言’的动词 → 结合‘ability to produce and to... language’的并列结构 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前后的研究结论 → 分析空格处需表达‘持续一生的过程’的名词 → 结合‘begin as infants and continue on for the rest of our lives’进行同义替换 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格前后的研究对比 → 分析空格处需表达‘词汇量大小’的形容词 → 结合‘over 21,000 words’与‘16,000 words’的数字对比 → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格前后的转折逻辑 → 分析空格处需表达‘预期/认为’的动词 → 结合‘contrary to what many might...’进行同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：语境选词近义词辨析

译文：题干：莫里森在这方面并非______。正确项：unique（独特的）

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AFew topics have been so endlessly analysed as work-life balance. The quest to attain this mysterious state has dominated discussion around careers for years—especially for working parents. The concept is often presented as something to achieve, or a goal to reach. And once you've reached it, congratulations: you've made it; you're a successful human being of the 21st century.
BBut the problem is that we often tell ourselves: "I'm going to put in eight hours' worth of work, and then I'm going to put in eight hours' worth of 'me time', which will include my family, my hobbies, my workout, my everything," says Anat Lechner, clinical associate professor of management at New York University. "I don't think it's such a simple formula."
CAnd, according to new findings, it may not be. Some researchers are now encouraging us to stop thinking about work-life balance as an achievement that you either hit or don't. Instead, they suggest it may be more of a lifelong process—a continuous, never-ending exercise that requires self-awareness and timely adjustments. Researchers Ioana Lupu and Mayra Ruiz-Castro argue that work-life balance is "a cycle, not an achievement". In their 2020 study, the researchers interviewed nearly 80 employees at two London-based firms—an equal number of men and women between the ages of 30 and 50, all with at least one dependent child—who worked in middle or senior management roles.
DAlthough it sounds like the respondents had a lot in common, here's what separated them: about 30% of the men and 50% of the women reported resisting working long hours. The other respondents, meanwhile, all worked long hours because they thought that's what successful professionals should do.
ELupu and Ruiz-Castro looked at those who rejected the long hours and they found that those workers actually had strikingly similar strategies for maintaining their work-life balance. They had a tendency to reflect and question assumptions in the name of self-awareness and regularly took steps to adjust the things standing in their way to work-life balance.
FLupu and Ruiz-Castro identified five steps that the respondents in the study who had better work-life balance used in their jobs. First, they paused and reconsidered beliefs such as "I'm a professional, so I should work, work, work", and asked themselves questions like, "What's currently causing me stress?" Second, after identifying the cause, they zeroed in on their resultant emotions. Did they feel angry, sad, energised? Third, they reprioritised, asking "Is working long hours really worth cutting back on family time?", for example. Fourth, they considered their alternatives: is there anything at work that could be changed to accommodate these new priorities? And finally, they implemented changes, like asking their supervisor for greater flexibility, or deciding not to take on every project that comes their way.
GThis five-step process is something anyone can adopt. Going through the steps, and constantly checking in with yourself, can help you shift and adapt your professional life to something that will better harmonise with your personal one. "Awareness of your emotional state is essential in order to determine the changes you want to make in your work and in your life," says Lupu.
HNew York University's Lechner agrees that finding that balance is an ongoing pursuit. It's not simply about dividing up the hours in your day between work, the gym, kids and chores. If the underlying emotional sources of stress are still there, then the time you actually spend at home may not be enjoyable. "We come home and even though physically we are there, mentally we still may be processing things that happened at work. We're not present," she says. What we call "work-life balance" is actually just a substitute to having a sense of fulfillment and contentment.
IOf course, finding that balance probably shouldn't be something you have to do by yourself. Research by Erin Kelly, professor of work and organisation studies at MIT, shows companies and managers can play a key role in creating a better environment for workers. For her book Overload: How Good Jobs Went Bad and What to Do about It, she and co-author Phyllis Moen split more than 1,000 employees at a Fortune 500 company into two groups, one that worked under a management redesign and one that continued working within the existing management structure.
JUnder the management redesign, many steps were taken to ensure better work-life balance and prevent burnout . Managers were regularly reminded to explicitly support their employees. Workers were allowed to make changes, like cancelling 9 am meetings. All of this was done in the name of increasing job satisfaction and giving workers greater flexibility, and to assure workers that it was something management was committed to. Unsurprisingly, Kelly and Moen found that employees in the redesign group reported less stress and less burnout. They were less likely to quit their jobs; indeed, over the next four years, they were 40% less likely to quit than those who kept working under the old policies.
K"Work-life balance is understood to be an individual's response, so people think 'it's up to me to manage the craziness of my work life'", says Kelly. But organisations need to examine the demands they're placing on employees. "The root problem is not how the two pieces of work and life come together. It's that we have unrealistic expectations of what we're asked to do on the work side." If your workplace isn't an environment where work-life balance is possible in the first place, any effort you attempt to make toward it on a personal level will be in vain.
LThat's a conversation that appears to be gathering pace. The new prevalence of remote and flexible working models will likely all play important roles in how we balance our professional and personal lives. And if it seems like finding that perfect balance remains difficult to achieve, the experts say that keeping some perspective can help. For millions of people, work is about being able to put food on the table. Talking about work-life balance "is a very privileged conversation", says Lechner. "If we're reflecting, maybe we should also reflect on that."
1. According to a management expert, work-life balance is not as simple as giving equal amounts of time to work and personal life. （B）
2. Research found that those who are given greater flexibility at work are less stressed and more likely to stay in their jobs. （J）
3. Workers who rejected working long hours tended to make regular adjustments in order to achieve work-life balance. （E）
4. Talking about work-life balance is said to be a privilege reserved for the better-off, not for those who barely make a living. （L）
5. Knowing one's emotional state is of utmost importance in deciding what changes to make for a better work- life balance. （G）
6. More female professionals reported being reluctant to work overtime than their male counterparts. （D）
7. Without organisational support, any personal effort to maintain work-life balance will be unsuccessful. （K）
8. The question of how to achieve work-life balance has long been the main subject of discussion among workers. （A）
9. You may not actually experience emotional wellbeing at home if you remain occupied with what happened at work. （H）
10. Some researchers suggest that work-life balance is not a goal to achieve, but a process for life to be adjusted promptly. （C）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-B　2-J　3-E　4-L　5-G　6-D　7-K　8-A　9-H　10-C

解析：36. 定位管理专家观点 → 识别其对‘简单公式’的否定 → 匹配段落B
37. 定位研究发现 → 识别‘灵活性’与‘压力/留任’的因果关系 → 匹配段落J（未提供全文，但根据题干逻辑推断）
38. 定位拒绝长时间工作的群体 → 识别其‘定期调整’的行为 → 匹配段落E（未提供全文，但根据题干逻辑推断）
39. 定位关于‘特权’的论述 → 识别其与经济状况的关联 → 匹配段落L（未提供全文，但根据题干逻辑推断）
40. 定位关于‘自我意识’的论述 → 识别其与‘调整’的关联 → 匹配段落G（未提供全文，但根据题干逻辑推断）
41. 定位题干关键词 'female professionals' 'reluctant to work overtime' → 在段落[D]中找到对应信息 'about 30% of the men and 50% of the women reported resisting working long hours' → 同义替换 'resisting' 为 'reluctant'，'long hours' 为 'work overtime'，确认女性比例更高 → 得出答案
42. 定位题干核心观点 'Without organisational support... unsuccessful' → 在语篇中寻找关于组织支持与个人努力关系的论述 → 段落[E]（虽未完整给出，但根据上下文推断）应包含相关研究结论 → 通过排除法，结合其他段落内容，确定K段落为正确匹配
43. 定位题干关键词 'how to achieve work-life balance' 'main subject of discussion' → 在段落[A]中找到对应信息 'Few topics have been so endlessly analysed as work-life balance. The quest to attain this mysterious state has dominated discussion around careers for years' → 同义替换 'endlessly analysed' 为 'long been the main subject'，'dominated discussion' 为 'main subject of discussion' → 得出答案
44. 定位题干核心观点 'remain occupied with what happened at work' 'not actually experience emotional wellbeing at home' → 在语篇中寻找关于工作侵入家庭生活影响的论述 → 段落[H]（虽未完整给出，但根据上下文推断）应包含相关研究结论 → 通过排除法，结合其他段落内容，确定H段落为正确匹配
45. 定位题干关键词 'work-life balance is not a goal to achieve' 'a process for life to be adjusted promptly' → 在段落[C]中找到对应信息 'Some researchers are now encouraging us to stop thinking about work-life balance as an achievement that you either hit or don't. Instead, they suggest it may be more of a lifelong process—a continuous, never-ending exercise that requires self-awareness and timely adjustments' → 同义替换 'achievement' 为 'goal to achieve'，'lifelong process' 为 'process for life'，'timely adjustments' 为 'adjusted promptly' → 得出答案

考点：专家观点定位同义替换细节定位因果关系推理行为特征匹配隐含条件推理概念关联推理推理判断信息推断

译文：题干：据一位管理专家称，工作与生活的平衡并不像给工作和个人生活分配等量时间那么简单。正确项B：但问题在于，我们常常告诉自己：‘我要投入八小时工作，然后投入八小时的‘我的时间’……’纽约大学临床管理副教授Anat Lechner说：‘我认为这不是一个如此简单的公式。’

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

The weakening of the human connection to nature might be good for economic growth but is bad for people. A tipping point was reached in 2020 when human-made materials—such as steel, concrete and plastic— were found to weigh more than all life on Earth. Continuing to grow concrete forests rather than real ones is shortsighted. Simply being in the nearest wood has such health benefits that the Woodland Trust successfully lobbied for it to be prescribed by doctors. Yet slipping from popular culture is the wonder and beauty of the natural world. For every three nature- related words in hit songs of the 1950s, researchers found, there was only slightly more than one 50 years later. It is not a moment too soon that teenagers will be able to take a natural history test, given that for decades children have been able to name more video game characters than wildlife species. Part of remedying this social disease would be for parliament to pass a "right to grow" law, allowing anyone to turn underused public spaces into vegetable and fruit gardens. The idea is for people to get back in touch with the soil—while producing food sustainably. Vegetable planting has a respectable tradition. In April 1649, locals responded to high prices and food shortages by cultivating vegetables on common land in Southern England. The practice of throwing seed bombs to turn vacant plots of land green took off in 1970s New York, and has been revived( ) by green- thumbed social media influencers who defy local US regulations in a war on ugly spots in cities. Apart from the urgent task of providing more healthy nutrients to those who increasingly can't afford them, publicly accessible fruit and vegetable gardens connect what we eat to where it comes from—the means of production, if you will. They can make unlovely spaces lovely, and marry use and beauty as well as help promote a sense of community. Plants are also, of course, our first defence against species loss and climate change. Such planting is a small step for humanity—in the right direction.

46. What does the author want to emphasise in the first paragraph?
  1. A.The year 2020 was a big turning point in human history.
  2. B.Economic growth benefits people little in the long run.
  3. C.It is unwise to weaken the human connection to nature.
  4. D.It is harmful to mankind to use human-made materials.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位首段核心论点 → 识别作者对‘削弱人与自然联系’的负面评价 → 得出答案

考点：主旨大意观点态度

译文：题干：作者在第一段想强调什么？正确项C：削弱人与自然的联系是不明智的。

47. What did researchers find about popular culture?
  1. A.It is increasingly detached from the natural world.
  2. B.It is filled with all kinds of video game characters.
  3. C.It is especially appealing to the taste of teenagers.
  4. D.It is still impacted by the hit songs of the 1950s.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位‘researchers found’相关句子 → 提取‘自然相关词汇减少’的事实 → 同义替换为‘与自然世界日益脱节’ → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：研究人员关于流行文化发现了什么？正确项A：它与自然世界日益脱节。

48. What does the author propose people do?
  1. A.Take measures to ensure sustainable food development.
  2. B.Reconnect with nature through the right to grow.
  3. C.Stand by the parliament in fighting social diseases.
  4. D.Cover public spaces with fruit trees and vegetable plants.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位作者提出解决方案的部分 → 识别‘right to grow’法律及其目的 → 推断作者提议人们通过此法律重新连接自然 → 得出答案

考点：推理判断观点态度

译文：题干：作者提议人们做什么？正确项B：通过‘种植权’重新与自然连接。

49. What do we learn from the passage about vegetable planting?
  1. A.It all started in 1649 in Southern England.
  2. B.It is protected by US government regulations.
  3. C.It has long been used to increase food supply and improve urban landscape.
  4. D.It has been popularised worldwide with the increasing influence of social media.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位‘vegetable planting’相关段落 → 综合‘1649年历史’与‘提供健康营养’等信息 → 推断其长期用于增加食物供应和改善营养 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉推理判断

译文：题干：关于蔬菜种植，我们从文章中了解到什么？正确项C：它长期以来被用于增加食物供应和改善营养。

50. What can publicly accessible fruit and vegetable gardens do apart from their practical functions?
  1. A.Raise people's environmental awareness.
  2. B.Add to the great variety of plant species.
  3. C.Act as the first defence against natural disasters.
  4. D.Enhance people's community spirit.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位‘apart from their practical functions’对应句子 → 提取‘help promote a sense of community’ → 同义替换为‘增强社区精神’ → 得出答案

考点：细节定位与捕捉同义改写

译文：题干：除了实际功能，公共果园和菜园还能做什么？正确项D：增强人们的社区精神。

Engineering in the U.S. has long been a male-dominated profession. Fifty years ago, it looked like that might change. In 1970, the percentage of women majoring in engineering was less than 1%. In 1979, that number was 9%. Many hoped women would continue to enter the field at the same rate. But that's not what happened. Today, only 21% of engineering majors are women, a number largely unchanged since 2000. I am a historian who, along with my colleagues, surveyed 251 women engineers who graduated from college in the 1970s. These pioneers reflected on the challenges they faced—and had advice for women entering the field today. One survey taker explained, "The greatest challenge for me was continuing to believe in myself, when all the messages I was getting were that I would never be taken seriously or promoted or given raises at the same rate as men, who were clearly less qualified and not as smart as I was." A chemical engineer who worked in manufacturing agreed, "You have to prove yourself just because you are female. And you have to work twice as hard!" A civil engineer said, "We are 'women engineers.' People don't refer to a man as a 'man engineer'—he's an engineer. We are constantly reminded that we don't truly belong." Another civil engineer stated, "On many levels, you're never quite one of the groups." Women also talked about family caregiving responsibilities. A retired vice president from a major chemical company stated, "Young women engineers are on an equal footing until they have children, then they struggle to balance work and family—and compete with men who don't have the same household responsibilities." But over the years things have changed a lot. Young women engineers are more accepted mostly because there are just more of them. Many women engineers hailed the benefits of their chosen career. A program manager in manufacturing stated that engineering is the best degree. A mechanical engineer said, "It will give you the flexibility to do almost anything. It is also satisfying to see the effects of what you have done."

51. What does the passage say about the engineering profession in the United States?
  1. A.It has seen a change in attitude towards women engineers since 1979.
  2. B.It witnessed a significant increase in women engineers in the 1970s.
  3. C.It has experienced the gradual weakening of male dominance.
  4. D.It boasted the largest number of engineering majors in 2000.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位首段数据（1970年<1%→1979年9%）→ 推断出女性工程师数量显著增加 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位数据推断

译文：题干：文章对美国工程职业有何描述？正确项：它见证了女性工程师数量的显著增长。

52. What does one survey taker say was her greatest challenge?
  1. A.Not to feel superior to less qualified male engineers.
  2. B.Not to take seriously all the messages she was getting.
  3. C.Not to think highly of her qualifications when promoted or given a pay raise.
  4. D.Not to lose self-confidence though constantly discouraged or unfairly treated.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位“One survey taker explained”后的直接引语 → 提取“continuing to believe in myself”与“discouraged”信息 → 同义替换为“lose self-confidence” → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：一位受访者说她最大的挑战是什么？正确项：尽管不断受到打击，也不要失去自信。

53. How do women engineers frequently feel according to the two civil engineers?
  1. A.Disqualified on many levels.
  2. B.Excluded from the group.
  3. C.Overworked by their organizations.
  4. D.Looked down upon by male colleagues.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位两位土木工程师的引语（“don't truly belong”和“never quite one of the groups”）→ 推断其共同感受为“被排除在群体之外” → 得出答案

考点：细节定位共同点推断

译文：题干：根据两位土木工程师的说法，女性工程师经常有什么感受？正确项：被排除在群体之外。

54. What probably makes young women engineers more accepted nowadays?
  1. A.Their success in gaining an equal footing.
  2. B.Their ability to balance work and family.
  3. C.The change in their responsibilities.
  4. D.The increase in their number.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位“things have changed a lot”后的直接原因句（“mostly because there are just more of them”）→ 同义替换为“increase in their number” → 得出答案

考点：细节定位因果关系

译文：题干：如今是什么可能让年轻女性工程师更被接受？正确项：她们数量的增加。

55. What can we conclude about many female engineers from the statement of a mechanical engineer?
  1. A.They take great pride in their chosen career.
  2. B.They have reaped the benefits of being flexible.
  3. C.They enjoy doing engineering to the best degree.
  4. D.They have proved capable of doing almost anything.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位机械工程师的引语（“satisfying to see the effects of what you have done”）→ 推断其表达对职业的满足感与自豪感 → 得出答案

考点：观点态度推断同义替换

译文：题干：从一位机械工程师的陈述中，我们可以对许多女性工程师得出什么结论？正确项：她们对自己选择的职业感到非常自豪。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: Suppose the business school of your university is conducting a survey to collect students' opinions on the express delivery service industry in China. You are to write a response about its recent development and its impact on people's lives. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

As a student invited to share my views in this survey, I am glad to comment on the express delivery industry in China, which has grown at an astonishing pace in recent years. To begin with, the recent development of this industry is remarkable. Delivery networks now reach even remote villages, and parcels that once took a week can be delivered overnight. Smart lockers and automated sorting centres, powered by big data, have made the whole process faster and more accurate than ever before. More importantly, this development has reshaped our daily lives. With reliable next-day delivery, people can shop online for almost anything, from food to books, without leaving home. Such convenience saves us time and energy, and it has also created millions of jobs for delivery workers across the country. In conclusion, China's express delivery industry has advanced rapidly and brought real benefits to ordinary people. I firmly believe it will continue to make our lives even more convenient.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

中国政府十分重视环境保护。近年来,中国在减少空气、水和土壤污染上取得了显著成效。为了不断改善人们的生活环境,中国采取了一系列有效措施,包括大力发展清洁能源,改善公共交通,推广共享单车,实施垃圾分类。通过这些措施,中国的城市和农村正在绿起来、美起来。中国还积极参与国际合作,为全球环境保护做出了重要贡献。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. In recent years, China has made remarkable progress in reducing air, water and soil pollution. To continuously improve people's living environment, China has taken a series of effective measures, including developing clean energy, improving public transportation, promoting shared bikes and implementing garbage classification. Thanks to these measures, both urban and rural areas in China are becoming greener and more beautiful. China also actively participates in international cooperation, making important contributions to global environmental protection.

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