2022年湖南省衡阳市中考英语真题及答案解析

中考英语真题 · 在线做题

2022年湖南省衡阳市中考英语真题

年份考次
2022 年
命题归属
市级统一命题
省份
湖南
市
衡阳市
题量
12 题
满分
48 分
限时
120 分钟
题型结构
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的选出最佳选项回答问或完成句子。 4 题 8 分 · 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。 5 题 10 分 · A)词汇运用。 5 题 5 分 · B)综合填空。 10 题 10 分 · D) 书面表达。 1 题 15 分
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第 1 部分 · 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的选出最佳选项回答问或完成句子。(共5小题，计10分)4 题 · 8 分

During the past summer vacation a 15-year-old boy made a model plane on his own in less than a month. Then he new it successfully, which surprised all the people around him. The boy named Li Banghua is from Hefei. Anhui Province. He made the plane completely by himself. The plane is 0.6 meters wide, has a wingspan (翼展) of 4.4 meters and weighs about 40 kilograms. According to a local report, Li just finished his high-school entrance exam a year ago and got good grades. After the exam, he threw himself into the work of making the model plane right away. Li has been interested in model planes since he was a child. Besides, he has been studying building model planes for years. This time the model plane is the largest he has ever built and he considers it the most successful one. Throughout the process of building the plane, he came across many failures. “But the biggest difficulty I had was that the adults couldn’t understand me well,” Li said. “When I said I was going to build a model plane, a lot of adults thought it was impossible. But I decided to keep on working hard. That is because once I start something, giving up is not a choice for me. What’s more, on May 1st, 2022, he took the “fire fighting drone” (消防无人机) to a test flight in the field of his hometown in Feixi County successfully. When talking about his future, he said he dreamed of becoming a plane engineer.

26. How old is Li Banghua now?
  1. A.15.
  2. B.16.
  3. C.17.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位时间线索 → 计算年龄差 → 得出答案

考点：时间线索定位简单计算

译文：题干：李邦华现在多大？正确项：16岁。

27. What’s the weight of the model plane?
  1. A.4 kilograms.
  2. B.40 kilograms.
  3. C.4.4 kilograms.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位具体数据 → 匹配单位与数值 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位数据匹配

译文：题干：模型飞机的重量是多少？正确项：40公斤。

28. The biggest difficulty he had throughout the process of building the plane was ________.
  1. A.the lack of time
  2. B.the lack of money
  3. C.the lack of understanding from adults
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位直接引语 → 提取关键信息 → 同义替换

考点：直接引语定位同义替换

译文：题干：他在制作飞机过程中遇到的最大困难是______。正确项：来自成年人的不理解。

29. From Li Banghua’s words, we learn that “________”.
  1. A.To help others makes us happy
  2. B.Where there is a will, there is a way
  3. C.Actions speak louder than words
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位人物话语 → 推断其精神内核 → 匹配谚语

考点：观点态度推断谚语匹配

译文：题干：从李邦华的话中，我们学到“________”。正确项：有志者事竟成。

第 2 部分 · 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。(共5小题，计10分)5 题 · 10 分

A big sandstorm hit northern China several months ago. It covered many cities with thick clouds of yellow dust (尘土). The storm, which came from Mongolia, was the largest sandstorm in China in the past 10 years. Many flights and classes were canceled because the visibility (能见度) was lower than 500 meters. The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area, together with the strong winds from Mongolia. “There has been little rainfall so far this spring and the temperature is rising. So now it is a worrying time for sandstorms.” said an expert from Beijing. In recent years, sandstorms haven’t been as common in northern China as before. The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7, 585 km2 per year in China, and the area of sandy land has been decreasing by 1,284 km2 a year. This is thanks to China’s Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP三北防护林工程) which started in the 1970s. Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment. Besides, China has a color-graded weather warning system (预警系统) for sandstorms, with red meaning the most serious, followed by orange and yellow. Therefore, people would have time to get prepared for the sandstorm.

31. What caused the sandstorm from Mongolia?
  1. A.Cold and wet weather together with the strong winds.
  2. B.Warm, dry weather and the strong winds.
  3. C.Warm, wet weather and the strong winds.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位原因句 → 提取关键天气特征（warm and dry） → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位语境选词

译文：题干：来自蒙古的沙尘暴是什么原因造成的？正确项：温暖干燥的天气和强风。

32. The underlined word “decreasing” means “________”.
  1. A.going up
  2. B.putting down
  3. C.going down
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位划线词所在句 → 分析上下文逻辑（falling...and...decreasing） → 推断词义

考点：词义猜测上下文逻辑

译文：题干：划线单词“decreasing”的意思是“________”。正确项：下降。

33. When did TNSFP start?
  1. A.In the 1970s.
  2. B.In the 1980s.
  3. C.In the 1960s.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位TNSFP相关句 → 提取时间信息（in the 1970s） → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位数字信息

译文：题干：TNSFP是什么时候开始的？正确项：在20世纪70年代。

34. If the visibility in your city is 700 meters, what color will the warning be?
  1. A.Red.
  2. B.Orange.
  3. C.Yellow
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位预警系统描述 → 理解能见度与预警等级关系（低于500米为最严重） → 推断700米对应的等级

考点：推理判断细节理解

译文：题干：如果你所在城市的能见度是700米，预警会是什么颜色？正确项：黄色。

35. What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
  1. A.We have taken some actions to prevent sandstorms.
  2. B.Sandstorms have never changed.
  3. C.The weather is getting worse and worse. Ⅱ.写作技能(四个部分，共21小题，计40分)
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：通读全文 → 概括主要措施（植树造林、预警系统） → 推断出“已采取行动”的结论

考点：推理判断主旨概括

译文：题干：我们可以从文章中推断出什么？正确项：我们已经采取了一些措施来防止沙尘暴。

第 3 部分 · A)词汇运用。(共5小题，计5分)1 题 · 5 分

A)词汇运用。

根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。 It was snowy and dark on the l____[36]____ evening of the year. Many people were getting together in their warm homes. A poor little girl was still walking in the streets with no shoes. There were some matches in her hand. “Matches, matches!” the little girl cried in a low voice. No one heard her when they were passing by. She didn’t sell any matches and no one gave her a ____[37]____ (硬币). The wind was blowing strongly and the snow was falling down on her long hair. She felt cold and hungry. Lights were shining from every window. But the little girl was afraid to go home without selling one box of matches, because her father would beat her. “Ah, a burning match may warm me up!” she thought. She lit three matches. When the matches were burning, she saw a warm stove, a delicious roast goose and a beautiful Christmas tree. But all these disappeared when the flames went out. Then she lit a ____[38]____ (第四) match. A kind old woman was standing there. “Grandmother!” cried the little girl, “Take me with you.” Her grandmother smiled and h____[39]____ the girl in her arms. On the morning of the new year, the girl was lying a____[40]____ the wall, dead!
参考答案与解析

答案：36-last　37-coin　38-fourth　39-held　40-against

解析：36 空 根据时间状语 'last year' 判断句子时态 → 一般过去时 → 动词需用过去式
37 空 根据宾语 'new challenges' 判断动词搭配 → take on challenges 为固定搭配
38 空 根据句首 'Only by...' 判断句型 → Only + 状语置于句首需部分倒装 → 主语与助动词倒装
39 空 根据空格位置判断非谓语形式 → 作定语修饰 'the meeting' → 过去分词表被动完成
40 空 根据动词 'vote' 判断介词搭配 → vote against 为固定搭配表示反对

考点：一般过去时动词搭配 take on倒装句型非谓语动词固定搭配 vote against

译文：去年，该公司举办了年度会议。

第 4 部分 · B)综合填空。(共10小题，计10分)1 题 · 10 分

B)综合填空。

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 A new report predicts that by 2050, half of the world’s population (around 4.8 billion people) will be shortsighted. The medical name for this is myopia (近视). It is also ____[41]____ (call) nearsightedness. ____[42]____ we have myopia, we can’t see the things far away from us. It is true that more and more people have myopia. It’s a bad situation. According to the data released (发布) by the National Health Commission, China is a big country of myopia, and almost 90 percent ____[43]____ young Chinese people are near-sighted. Children aged between six and ten ____[44]____ have myopia are more likely to suffer from severe myopia in the future. Some experts make a prediction ____[45]____ (recent). In the opinion, there will be seven times more people with myopia in 2050 than there were in the year 2000. The researchers say that the number of people with myopia will increase because of different reasons. Looking at computer screens and mobile phones may be the major reason. The increase may have something to do with lifestyle ____[46]____ (change). Now, people spend ____[47]____ (little) time outdoors than before. A science journalist says that ____[48]____ (spend) more time outdoors in early childhood can reduce the chances of getting myopia. A researcher once said. “You can spend time on computers and screens, ____[49]____ remember to spend two hours outdoors every day. That is ____[50]____ for your eyesight.”
参考答案与解析

答案：41-called　42-When　43-of　44-who　45-recently　46-changes　47-less　48-spending　49-but　50-good

解析：41 空 分析句子主干 → 判断空格处动词与主语的逻辑关系（被动） → 选择非谓语动词形式
42 空 分析从句与主句的逻辑关系 → 判断为时间状语从句 → 选择引导词
43 空 识别固定搭配 → 确定动词短语结构 → 选择介词
44 空 分析从句类型 → 判断为定语从句 → 确定先行词在从句中的成分（主语） → 选择关系代词
45 空 分析句子时态语境 → 判断动作发生的时间 → 选择时间副词
46 空 识别时间状语 'every year' → 判断为一般现在时 → 主语 'the number' 为单数 → 动词需用第三人称单数形式
47 空 分析句子结构 → 'than' 引导比较状语从句 → 比较对象为 'the number of people' 与 'the number of cars' → 比较级前需用副词修饰 'fewer' → 'fewer' 为形容词比较级，需用 'less' 修饰
48 空 识别句子主干 'The government has encouraged people...' → 分析 'encourage sb. to do sth.' 结构 → 空格处为宾语补足语 → 需用动名词形式作宾语
49 空 分析前后分句逻辑关系 → 前句 'The government has encouraged...' 与后句 'many people still prefer...' 形成转折 → 需用转折连词 'but' 连接
50 空 分析句子结构 'It is ... for people to...' → 判断空格处为形容词作表语 → 根据语境 'to walk or cycle' 为积极行为 → 需用积极意义的形容词 'good'

考点：非谓语动词过去分词表被动状语从句时间状语从句引导词动词搭配take on 的固定搭配定语从句关系代词作主语时态与语态时间副词一般现在时主谓一致比较级修饰非谓语动词（此处为副词用法）动名词作宾语固定搭配 encourage sb. to do sth.转折连词语境选词形容词作表语

译文：题干与正确项的中文译文：该建筑（被）称为……

第 5 部分 · D) 书面表达。(共15分)1 题 · 15 分

56. 随着“双减”政策的实施，同学们有更多的课余时间来培养自己的兴趣爱好，把生活过成自己喜欢的样子。亲爱的同学，你想做一个快乐的人吗？ 请你以“How to Be a Happy Student”为题，写一篇英语短文。 要求：(1)根据右边的图文信息，选择至少两个方面的内容行文，可适当发挥； (2)文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名等个人信息； (3)字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，条理清楚； (4)词数不少于80。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

词数要求：词数以题目要求为准 · 15 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

How to Be a Happy Student With the "Double Reduction" policy, we students have more free time to develop our hobbies and live the life we like. But how can we be truly happy? Here are my thoughts. First, I think doing sports is a great way to be happy. When I play basketball with my friends after school, I feel relaxed and full of energy. It not only makes me healthy but also brings me joy. Second, reading is another key to happiness. Books can take me to different worlds and open my mind. I often read storybooks in the library, and I always feel peaceful and happy when I am lost in a good book. In a word, by doing sports and reading more, we can become happier students. Let's enjoy our school life and be happy every day!

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