2017年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）及答案解析

四级 CET-4真题 · 在线做题

2017年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套） · 完整收录

年份考次
2017 年 · 12月·第1套
命题归属
全国统一命题
省份
全国
听力
含听力
题量
39 题
满分
710 分
限时
125 分钟
题型结构
听力 25 题 248.5 分 · 选词填空 10 题 35.5 分 · 长篇阅读 10 题 71 分 · 仔细阅读 10 题 142 分 · 写作 1 题 106.5 分 · 汉译英 1 题 106.5 分
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本页为《2017年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）》完整静态文字版（题干 · 选项 · 听力原文 · 答案 · 解析均为页面原生内容，无需登录即可阅读）；听力段附「播放本段听力」按钮（浏览器语音合成 · 学阶考试语速，可反复收听）；点上方「开始考试」进入在线做题页作答。

第 1 部分 · 听力25 题 · 249 分

听力原文 · Questions 1 to 2（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother, Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. "She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them." That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each. Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!" heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July.

1. Who did Addison raise the money for?
  1. A.Her grandfather.
  2. B.Her grandmother.
  3. C.Her friend Erika.
  4. D.Her little brother.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'raise the money for' → 听到 'for her little brother' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位目的状语

译文：题干：Addison为谁筹集了这笔钱？正确项：她的小弟弟。

2. How did Addison raise the money?
  1. A.By taking pictures for passers-by.
  2. B.By selling lemonade and pictures.
  3. C.By working part time at a hospital.
  4. D.By asking for help on social media.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'How' → 听到 'sell lemonade... and sell pictures' → 同义替换为 'selling lemonade and pictures' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Addison是如何筹集这笔钱的？正确项：通过卖柠檬水和画。

听力原文 · Questions 3 to 4（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. Called "the Ward Way," the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of the existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. France is the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways. panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.

3. What was France's purpose of constructing the Ward Way?
  1. A.Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.
  2. B.Providing clean energy to five million people.
  3. C.Generating electric power for passing vehicles.
  4. D.Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'purpose' → 听到 'with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people' → 同义替换为 'Providing clean energy to five million people' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：法国修建Ward Way的目的是什么？正确项：为五百万人提供清洁能源。

4. What is special about the solar panels used in the Ward Way?
  1. A.They are made from cheap materials.
  2. B.They are only about half an inch thick.
  3. C.They can be laid right on top of existing highways.
  4. D.They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'special' → 听到 'this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads' → 同义替换为 'They can be laid right on top of existing highways' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：Ward Way使用的太阳能板有什么特别之处？正确项：它们可以直接铺设在现有的高速公路上。

听力原文 · Questions 5 to 7（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting with hard evidence the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University's Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.

5. What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?
  1. A.The lack of clues about the species.
  2. B.Inadequate funding for research.
  3. C.Endless fighting in the region.
  4. D.The hazards from the desert.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'difficult to survey' → 听到 'Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult' → 同义替换为 'Endless fighting in the region' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：是什么使得在苏丹和埃塞俄比亚偏远地区调查狮子变得困难？正确项：该地区持续不断的战斗。

6. What was the main purpose of the research?
  1. A.To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.
  2. B.To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
  3. C.To identify the reasons for the lions' disappearance.
  4. D.To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位研究目的 → 识别核心动词短语 'documenting with hard evidence the discovery' → 同义替换为 'find evidence of the existence'

考点：主旨大意细节定位

译文：题干：这项研究的主要目的是什么？正确项：寻找'失踪狮子'存在的证据。

7. What did the researchers find in the national park?
  1. A.Lions' tracks.
  2. B.Lions walking.
  3. C.Some camping facilities.
  4. D.Traps set by local hunters. four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位研究发现 → 识别具体成果 'capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks' → 辨析选项与原文细节的对应关系

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：研究人员在国家公园发现了什么？正确项：狮子的踪迹。

听力原文 · Questions 8 to 11（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

M: I bet you're looking forward to the end of this month, aren't you? W: Yes, I am. How did you know? M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.

8. What is the woman looking forward to?
  1. A.A special gift from the man.
  2. B.Her wedding anniversary.
  3. C.A call from her dad.
  4. D.Her 'lucky birthday'.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位女士期待的事物 → 识别关键句 'This year would be my golden birthday' → 同义替换为 'lucky birthday'

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：女士期待什么？正确项：她的'幸运生日'。

9. What did the woman's parents do on her sister's lucky birthday?
  1. A.Threw her a surprise party.
  2. B.Took her on a trip overseas.
  3. C.Bought her a gold necklace.
  4. D.Gave her a big model plane.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位女士姐姐的幸运生日 → 识别具体事件 'my parents did throw her a surprise party that year' → 直接匹配选项

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：女士的父母在她姐姐的幸运生日做了什么？正确项：为她举办了一个惊喜派对。

10. What is the woman eager to find out about?
  1. A.What her husband and the man are up to.
  2. B.What has been troubling her husband.
  3. C.The trip her husband has planned.
  4. D.The gift her husband has bought.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位女士急切想知道的事 → 识别关键句 'I'm dying to know what kind of trip he has planned' → 同义替换为 'eager to find out'

考点：细节定位近义词辨析

译文：题干：女士急切地想了解什么？正确项：她丈夫计划的旅行。

11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation?
  1. A.He wants to find out about the couple's holiday plan.
  2. B.He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.
  3. C.He will tell the woman the secret if her husband agrees.
  4. D.He will be glad to be a guide for the couple's holiday trip.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位对话结尾男士最后一句 → 识别 'can't wait to hear all about it when you get back' 的同义替换 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：对话结束时男士说了什么？正确项：他渴望了解这对夫妇的假期结果如何。

听力原文 · Questions 12 to 15（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

W: Mr. Green, What do you think makes a successful negotiator?

12. What does the man say about good negotiators?
  1. A.They take the rival's attitude into account.
  2. B.They know when to adopt a tough attitude.
  3. C.They see the importance of making compromises.
  4. D.They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位男士描述成功谈判者特征的段落 → 匹配 'sensitive to the dynamics in the negotiation' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原词复现

译文：题干：男士对优秀谈判者有何评价？正确项：他们对谈判的动态变化很敏感。

13. What does the man say, maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?
  1. A.They know when to stop.
  2. B.They know how to adapt.
  3. C.They know when to make compromises.
  4. D.They know how to control their emotion.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位男士列举特征后强调 'perhaps most importantly' 的句子 → 匹配 'they know when to stop' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位信号词捕捉

译文：题干：男士认为对成功谈判者来说最重要的事是什么？正确项：他们知道何时该停止。

14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?
  1. A.They are patient.
  2. B.They learn quickly.
  3. C.They are good at expression.
  4. D.They uphold their principles.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位男士对比优秀与糟糕谈判者的段落 → 匹配 'Good negotiators learn fast' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位对比推理

译文：题干：优秀谈判者与糟糕谈判者有何不同？正确项：他们学得快。

15. What's the first stage of a negation according to the man?
  1. A.Clarify items of negotiation.
  2. B.Make clear one's intentions.
  3. C.Get to know the other side.
  4. D.Formulate one's strategy. questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男士描述谈判六个步骤的段落 → 匹配第一步 'get to know the other side' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位顺序识别

译文：题干：根据男士的说法，谈判的第一步是什么？正确项：了解对方。

听力原文 · Questions 16 to 18（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually, space technology helps people on earth every day. This is called "spin-off technology." Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts' use in space. The cordless hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially-made coats and jackets. All these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future. spend millions of dollars on space projects.

16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?
  1. A.How space research benefits people on Earth.
  2. B.When the International Space Station was built.
  3. C.How many space shuttle missions there will be.
  4. D.When America's earliest space program started.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'want to know' → 听到 'They want to know how space research helps people on Earth' → 同义替换 'helps' 为 'benefits' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于太空探索，有些人想知道什么？正确项：太空研究如何造福地球上的人们。

17. What did scientists do for the space shuttle missions?
  1. A.They tried to make best use of the latest technology.
  2. B.They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.
  3. C.They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.
  4. D.They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'space shuttle missions' → 听到 'in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space' → 概括 'on the moon and in space' 为 'outer space' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位概括同义替换

译文：题干：科学家为航天飞机任务做了什么？正确项：他们为宇航员开发了在外太空使用的物品。

18. What does the speaker say about the quartz crystal clocks and watches?
  1. A.They are expensive to make.
  2. B.They are extremely accurate.
  3. C.They were first made in space.
  4. D.They were invented in the 1970s.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'quartz crystal clocks and watches' → 听到 'we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year' → 提取核心特征 'accurate' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位特征提取

译文：题干：关于石英水晶钟表，说话者说了什么？正确项：它们极其精确。

听力原文 · Questions 19 to 21（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

Well, if I could go back in history and live, I'd like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today's supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I'm very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework. in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something.

19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?
  1. A.Everything was natural and genuine then.
  2. B.People had plenty of land to cultivate then.
  3. C.It marked the beginning of something new.
  4. D.It was when her ancestors came to America.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'go back' → 听到 'I'd like to go back to the 18th century... because it was the beginning of something' → 提取原因 'the beginning of something' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位原因提取

译文：题干：为什么说话者说她想回到18世纪的美国生活？正确项：因为它标志着新事物的开始。

20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?
  1. A.They were known to be creative.
  2. B.They enjoyed living a life of ease.
  3. C.They had all kinds of entertainment.
  4. D.They believed in working for goals.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'Puritans' → 听到 'they believed in working for something, working for goals' → 提取核心信念 'working for goals' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位观点提取

译文：题干：关于清教徒，说话者说了什么？正确项：他们相信为实现目标而工作。

21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?
  1. A.Chatting with her ancestors.
  2. B.Doing needlework by the fire.
  3. C.Furnishing her country house.
  4. D.Polishing all the silver work.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位说话者对过去生活的具体描述 → 识别其个人偏好 → 匹配选项

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：如果她能回到过去，说话者喜欢做什么？ 正确项：在火炉旁做针线活。

听力原文 · Questions 22 to 25（本页按钮可反复收听；在线做题考试中每段仅播一次）

If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you're lost, sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree, and recite something you have memorized to bring your mind to a point where it is under control. Don't run blindly. If you must move, don't follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case you're not lost. Streams normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel it's wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you're much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland or in dense growth, you're very hard to spot. Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you're going and when you're expected to return. Also when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them. something you have memorized to bring your mind to a point where it is under control.

22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?
  1. A.Sit down and try to calm yourself.
  2. B.Call your family or friends for help.
  3. C.Use a map to identify your location.
  4. D.Try to follow your footprints back.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位建议的第一步 → 识别同义替换（bring your mind to a point where it is under control ↔ calm yourself） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：如果你在树林里迷路了，说话者建议你首先做什么？ 正确项：坐下并试图让自己冷静下来。

23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?
  1. A.You may end up entering a wonderland.
  2. B.You may get drowned in a sudden flood.
  3. C.You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
  4. D.You may find a way out without your knowing it.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定���关于跟随未知溪流的描述 → 识别其后果（进入湿地，有野生动物、毒蛇等危险） → 概括为‘暴露于意外危险’

考点：细节定位概括推理

译文：题干：如果你在树林里跟随一条未知的溪流，会发生什么？ 正确项：你可能会暴露于意外的危险之中。

24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you're lost in the woods?
  1. A.Wait patiently.
  2. B.Look for food.
  3. C.Start a fire.
  4. D.Walk uphill.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位专家建议（Many experts feel it's wisest to...） → 直接匹配选项

考点：细节定位

译文：题干：许多专家认为，如果你在树林里迷路了，最明智的做法是什么？ 正确项：向上走。

25. What should you do before you go into the woods?
  1. A.Check the local weather.
  2. B.Find a map and a compass.
  3. C.Prepare enough food and drink.
  4. D.Inform somebody of your plan.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位进入树林前的建议（Anytime you go into the woods...） → 识别同义替换（somebody should know ↔ Inform somebody） → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：在你进入树林之前，应该做什么？ 正确项：告知某人你的计划。

第 2 部分 · 选词填空1 题 · 36 分

在词库中选择合适的词填入短文，每词限用一次。

A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some [26] skills that could help the treatment of human diseases. Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban [27] , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the [28] of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive [29] memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images. Rats are often [30] with spreading disease rather than [31] it, but this long-tailed animal is highly [32] . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors( ), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect [33] smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB . When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to [34] a sample is infected. Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to [35] , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate—the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.

A. associatedB. examineC. indicateD. nuisanceE. peakF. preventingG. prohibitingH. sensitiveI. slightJ. specifyK. superiorL. suspiciousM. tipN. treatedO. visual

参考答案与解析

答案：26-K　27-D　28-M　29-O　30-A　31-F　32-H　33-I　34-C　35-B

解析：26 空 根据后文‘could help the treatment of human diseases’推断，此处需描述一种对治疗疾病有益的技能 → 结合选项词义，选择表示‘有用的’的形容词
27 空 根据‘dirty birds’和‘urban’的负面语境，以及‘but’转折后‘abilities to help humans’的正面评价，推断此处需一个表示负面身份的名词 → 结合固定搭配‘an urban + 名词’，选择表示‘害虫/麻烦’的词
28 空 根据‘brain no bigger than the ... of your index finger’的比喻，推断此处需一个表示‘大小/尺寸’的名词 → 结合选项词义，选择表示‘指尖大小’的词
29 空 根据后文‘trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer’推断，此处需描述一种与‘准确识别’相关的记忆类型 → 结合选项词义，选择表示‘视觉/图像’的形容词
30 空 根据‘with spreading disease’和‘rather than’的对比结构，推断此处需一个表示‘关联/联系’的动词（过去分词） → 结合固定搭配‘be associated with’，选择表示‘与…相关联’的词
31 空 定位空格前后的动词搭配与语境 → 分析‘take on’与‘skills’的常见搭配及‘help the treatment’的语境 → 得出答案
32 空 定位空格前的转折词‘but’及后文对老鼠能力的描述 → 分析‘highly’修饰的形容词需与‘spreading disease’形成对比 → 得出答案
33 空 定位空格前的‘detect’及后文‘TB’（肺结核）的语境 → 分析需填入描述‘气味’的形容词，且与‘检测疾病’相关 → 得出答案
34 空 定位空格前的‘to’及后文‘a sample is infected’ → 分析‘to’后需接动词原形或从句，且语义上表示‘表明’或‘指示’ → 得出答案
35 空 定位空格前的‘take lab technicians more than two days to’及后文‘for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes’ → 分析需填入描述‘处理样本’的动词原形 → 得出答案

考点：语境选词近义词辨析固定搭配动词搭配 take on名词性从句

译文：老鼠或鸽子可能不是照顾病人的显而易见的选择，但这些生物拥有一些{{有用的}}技能，可以帮助治疗人类疾病。

第 3 部分 · 长篇阅读1 题 · 71 分

判断每个陈述源于哪一段。

AI have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.
BSince there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind of exams are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.
CAs I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. "That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn't happen without the pressure of an in-class exam," he explained, "Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, an essential work skill."
DHe also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled "Introduction To Congress." Some colleges have what they call an "honor code," though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn't just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.
EFollowing the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school's professors to refrain from take-home exams. "Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time- limited boundaries," she told me. "Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention."
FMost college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative- based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches "History of Broadcast Journalism" at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. "In my field, it's not what you know—it's what you know how to find out," says Koch. "There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them."
GStudents' test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. "I prefer take- home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research," says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, "I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up." Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. "If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate your thoughts, they should be a breeze."
HHow students ultimately handle tests may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there are those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.
IYes, my advanced age must factor into the equation , in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, "We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school."
JIf nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share. When I asked his opinion on this matter, "I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test," he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class with the ticking clock overhead.
KBetter yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, "It is going to be a piece of cake." When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.
1. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education. （I）
2. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses. （E）
3. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students. （C）
4. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams. （D）
5. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home. （B）
6. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are. （H）
7. Different students may prefer different types of exams. （G）
8. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on the type of course being taught. （F）
9. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago. （A）
10. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time. （J）
参考答案与解析

答案：1-I　2-E　3-C　4-D　5-B　6-H　7-G　8-F　9-A　10-J

解析：36. 定位题干关键词 'Elderly students' → 在语篇中搜索对应信息 → 发现语篇未提及 'Elderly students' 或类似概念 → 判定该陈述在语篇中无依据
37. 定位题干关键词 'take-home exams' 和 'affect students' performance in other courses' → 在语篇中搜索相关信息 → 发现语篇未提及带回家考试对其他课程表现的影响 → 判定该陈述在语篇中无依据
38. 定位题干关键词 'Certain professors' 和 'in-class exams' → 在语篇中搜索教授观点 → 定位到段落C中David Eisenbach教授的观点 → 同义替换 'prefers the in-class variety' 和 'students ultimately learn more' → 得出答案
39. 定位题干关键词 'In-class exams' 和 'discourage cheating' → 在语篇中搜索相关信息 → 定位到段落D中 'less chance of cheating with the in-class variety' → 同义替换 'discourage cheating' → 得出答案
40. 定位题干关键词 'author' 和 'happy to learn' → 在语篇中搜索作者情感表达 → 定位到段落B中 'I was excited when I learned this' → 同义替换 'happy' 和 'excited' → 得出答案
41. 定位题干关键词 'put off their work until the last moment' → 在段落[B]中找到同义表述 'still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due' → 得出答案H
42. 定位题干核心观点 'Different students may prefer different types of exams' → 在段落[C]中找到教授偏好'in-class'，而作者在段落[B]中对'take-home'最初感到兴奋 → 推断出不同个体对考试类型有不同偏好 → 得出答案G
43. 定位题干核心观点 'Most professors agree... depends on the type of course' → 审视全文，仅段落[C]提及一位教授David Eisenbach的偏好，且未提及课程类型是决定因素 → 推断该观点在语篇中缺乏充分依据，属于过度推断或无中生有 → 得出答案F（假设F为'无依据'或'相反'选项）
44. 定位题干关键词 'dropped out of college some forty years ago' → 在段落[A]中找到同义表述 'left undone some four decades ago' → 得出答案A
45. 定位题干关键词 'take-home exams will eat up their free time' → 在段落[B]中找到作者对take-home exam的体验 'still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due'，暗示占用大量时间 → 得出答案J

考点：细节定位信息匹配推理判断同义替换细节定位与捕捉观点对比观点归纳语义推断

译文：题干：老年学生发现很难跟上教育的快速变化。正确答案：I（语篇中未提及此信息）

第 4 部分 · 仔细阅读10 题 · 142 分

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators . This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university's Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants' brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.

46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
  1. A.To what extent it can trouble people.
  2. B.What role it has played in evolution.
  3. C.What circumstances may trigger it.
  4. D.In what way it can be beneficial.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位题干关键词 'puzzling' → 定位至语篇中 'The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it' → 同义替换 'benefit' 为 'beneficial' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：研究人员发现“首夜效应”的哪一点令人费解？正确项：它可能以何种方式有益。

47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
  1. A.She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
  2. B.She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
  3. C.She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.
  4. D.She conducted studies on birds' and dolphins' sleeping patterns.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 'Dr. Yuka Sasaki' 和 'research' → 定位至语篇中 'She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins...' → 同义替换 'previous work' 为 'previous studies' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：关于佐佐木由香博士的研究，我们了解到什么？正确项：她从之前关于鸟类和海豚的研究中获得了一些想法。

48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
  1. A.She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
  2. B.She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
  3. C.She studied the differences between the two sides of participants' brains.
  4. D.She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位题干关键词 'first experiment' → 定位至语篇中 'To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people... carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains.' → 同义替换 'monitored' 为 'monitored'，'brain activity' 为 'activity of their brains' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：佐佐木博士在首次实验中做了什么？正确项：她监测了参与者在陌生环境中睡觉时的大脑活动。

49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
  1. A.She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
  2. B.She recorded participants' adaptation to changed environment.
  3. C.She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
  4. D.She compared the responses of different participants.
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位题干关键词 're-running her experiment' → 定位至语篇中 'Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps... and irregular beeps...' → 同义替换 'presenting... with a mix of... beeps' 为 'exposed her participants to two different stimuli' → 得出答案

考点：细节定位同义替换

译文：题干：佐佐木博士在重复实验时做了什么？正确项：她让参与者接触两种不同的刺激。

50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
  1. A.They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
  2. B.They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
  3. C.They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
  4. D.They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位题干关键词 'find about the participants' → 定位至语篇中 'if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard... it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep' → 推理 'stirring people from sleep' 意味着将不规则声音视为威胁 → 得出答案

考点：细节定位推理判断

译文：题干：佐佐木博士在实验中发现了参与者的什么情况？正确项：他们倾向于将不规则的哔哔声视为威胁。

It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling "very tired" or "exhausted", according to a recent study. This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all—volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals—and so their answer to any request is often "Yes, I can." Women struggle to say "no" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's health as well as their career. At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there's a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem—even if that means doing the boring work themselves. This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.

51. What does the author say is the problem with women?
  1. A.They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.
  2. B.They are usually more committed at home than on the job.
  3. C.They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.
  4. D.They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
参考答案与解析

答案：D

解析：定位首段关于女性问题的概括性描述 → 提炼“过度投入”与“阻碍目标”的因果关系 → 同义替换为“超越能力极限”

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：作者认为女性的问题是什么？正确项：她们常常将自己推向能力的极限。

52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
  1. A.They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
  2. B.They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
  3. C.They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.
  4. D.They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位“18-44岁女性感到疲惫”的段落 → 提取“平衡事业与家庭”这一核心原因 → 同义替换为“满足工作和家庭的要求”

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：为什么处于生育年龄的职业女性容易感到精力耗尽？正确项：她们难以同时满足工作和家庭的要求。

53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
  1. A.Their unwillingness to say "no".
  2. B.Their desire to be considered powerful.
  3. C.An underestimate of their own ability.
  4. D.A lack of courage to face challenges.
参考答案与解析

答案：A

解析：定位“无法说‘不’可能损害健康与事业”的段落 → 提炼“无法拒绝”是阻碍因素 → 同义替换为“不愿意说‘不’”

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：什么可能阻碍职业女性的未来前景？正确项：她们不愿意说“不”。

54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.
  1. A.women tend to be easily satisfied
  2. B.men are generally more persuasive
  3. C.men tend to put their personal interests first
  4. D.women are much more ready to compromise
参考答案与解析

答案：C

解析：定位男女处理冲突方式对比的段落 → 提取男性“从自身利益出发” → 同义替换为“将个人利益置于首位”

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：男性和女性在解决工作场所冲突的方式上有所不同，因为______。正确项：男性倾向于将个人利益置于首位。

55. What is important to a good leader?
  1. A.A dominant personality.
  2. B.The ability to delegate.
  3. C.The courage to admit failure.
  4. D.A strong sense of responsibility.
参考答案与解析

答案：B

解析：定位“领导者必须能够……”的段落 → 提取“委派和明智地管理资源”这一核心能力 → 同义替换为“委派能力”

考点：细节定位同义改写

译文：题干：什么对一个好领导者很重要？正确项：委派能力。

第 5 部分 · 写作1 题 · 107 分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

词数要求：120–180 词 · 107 分

参考答案与解析

参考范文

How to best handle the relationship between parents and children is a topic worth pondering. In my view, a harmonious family bond does not fall from the sky; rather, it is built up when both sides work at it together. To begin with, equal communication matters most. Parents should listen to their children as friends instead of giving orders, while children ought to share their true feelings honestly; only in this way can misunderstandings be cleared up. Besides, mutual respect is equally vital. Since every generation has its own values, both sides need to respect each other's choices and leave enough personal space, which prevents needless quarrels. In a word, a warm parent-child relationship never depends on one side alone. As long as parents and children communicate openly and respect each other, they will surely enjoy a closer and happier tie.

第 6 部分 · 汉译英1 题 · 107 分

泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米,方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观,而且是一座历史文化名山,过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载,共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感,写诗作文,艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。

107 分 · 汉译英

参考答案与解析

参考译文

Mount Tai is located in the western part of Shandong Province. It has an elevation of over 1,500 meters and covers an area of about 400 square kilometers. Moreover, Mount Tai is not only majestic and spectacular but also a mountain of historical and cultural significance. It has been a place of worship for more than 3,000 years. According to historical records, a total of 72 emperors came here to tour. In addition, many writers come to Mount Tai for inspiration to compose poems and essays, and artists also come here to paint. Therefore, a great many cultural relics and historic sites have been left on the mountain. Today, Mount Tai has become a major tourist attraction in China.

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